Republic of the Philippines

POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES

Office of the Vice President for Branches and Campuses
CALAUAN CAMPUS

FOOD AND NUTRITION

BTLE 30183

Prepared and submitted by:

Capusi, Roland
Del Mundo, Justine Mae
Gahon, Vina
Geronimo, Althea
Pacheco, Ashley
Velasco, John Andrei

BTLED-HE 3-2

Submitted to:
MA’AM GEMMALYN SANTIAGO- ENRIQUEZ
 Republic of the Philippines
POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES
Office of the Vice President for Branches and Campuses
CALAUAN CAMPUS

INTRODUCTION TO NUTRITION

Table of Contents

1. Introduction to Nutrition

1.1 Importance of Nutrition to Health

1.1.1Table: Why Nutrition is Important to Health
1.2 Undernutrition, Malnutrition, and Overnutrition
1.3 Nutritional Balance and Moderation

LEARNING OBJECTIVES
At the end of the lesson, learners are expected to:
1. Understand the importance of nutrition to health.
2. Apply the importance of nutrition to health.
3. Differentiate the Undernutrition, Malnutrition, and Overnutrition.
 Republic of the Philippines
POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES
Office of the Vice President for Branches and Campuses
CALAUAN CAMPUS

LESSON PROPER

1. Introduction to Nutrition

Nutrition

The study of nutrition is the area of science that focuses on how living things absorb and
utilize nutrients for growth, reproduction, organ and tissue function, and energy production.

Public health nutrition

Generally defined as "the primary prevention of nutrition-related illness in the population and
the promotion of good health through nutrition." The focus is on preserving population health
by influencing food and nutrition systems using public health concepts. No definition that is
accepted worldwide.

1.1 Importance of Nutrition to Health

We all know that in order to maintain and strengthen our bodies, we need to eat and drink. A
few essential nutrients, such as proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, certain vitamins, minerals, and
water, are present in every healthy food and beverage. They all have distinct roles in
maintaining the health of our bodies and promoting the growth of new cells.

Table: 1.1.1 Why Nutrition is Important to Health

Protein Essential for the synthesis of hormones and enzymes, tissue development,
and cell repair. It is necessary for immune system function and the
development of powerful muscles.
Carbohydrates Provide a ready source of energy for the body and provide structural
constituents for the formation of cells.
Fat Serves as the body's source of stored energy, a structural element of cells,
and a signaling molecule necessary for healthy cellular communication. It
helps to regulate body temperature and insulates important organs.
Vitamins Control bodily functions and encourage appropriate body-system operation

Minerals Constitute biological tissue, control bodily functions, and are essential for
healthy cellular activity.
Water Helps maintain body temperature, carries waste materials for elimination,
and delivers vital nutrients to every region of the body.
 Republic of the Philippines
POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES
Office of the Vice President for Branches and Campuses
CALAUAN CAMPUS

1.2 Undernutrition, Malnutrition, and Overnutrition

Undernutrition

The state in which a person consumes less energy and nutrients than what their body requires
to stay healthy. In an effort to combat this, terminology like protein energy malnutrition,
deficits in particular micronutrients, and other descriptive labels like kwashiorkor and
marasmus have been employed. However, neutral terminology like undernutrition are
preferred because they cover both protein energy undernutrition and micronutrient
deficiencies, since protein energy malnutrition does not exist in isolation of specific
micronutrient deficiencies.

Causes and Impacts of Undernutrition:

 Impaired brain. development &

 Lower IQ. Low birth weight.
 Weakened immune. system leading to.
 increased risk of. infectious diseases.
 Premature. death.
 Lost productivity & Increased.
 healthcare costs. Risk of diabetes,
 cancer, stroke, hypertension, and other.

Malnutrition

Inadequate or excessive food intake, an unbalanced supply of vital nutrients, or poor nutrient
use are all considered forms of malnutrition. The combined effects of undernutrition,
overweight, obesity, and noncommunicable diseases linked to diet constitute the double
burden of malnutrition. Being low weight relative to height is called wasting. It might also
last for a very long period. Usually, it signifies recent and significant weight reduction. It
usually happens when a person hasn't eaten enough food in sufficient quantities or of
sufficient quality, or if they've been sick frequently or for a long time. If left untreated, child
wasting is linked to an increased risk of death. The definition of stunting is low height for age.
It is the outcome of persistent or repeated undernutrition, which is typically linked to poverty,
inadequate nutrition and health of mothers, a high rate of illness, and/or improper early life
feeding and care.

Consequences of Malnutrition:

 Muscle function
 Cardio-respiratory function
 Gastrointestinal function
 Immunity and wound healing
 Psychosocial effects
 Republic of the Philippines
POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES
Office of the Vice President for Branches and Campuses
CALAUAN CAMPUS

Overnutrition

The World Health Organization has recently added overnutrition to its definition of
malnutrition to recognize the detrimental health effects that can be caused by excessive
consumption of nutrients. This includes the consequences of obesity and overweight, which
include a number of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) that are closely linked to them. It
also covers the potential toxicity brought on by taking too much of a certain vitamin.

Consequences of Overnutrition:

 Increases the risks of serious diet-related

 2 types of diabetes
 Chronic diseases hypertension
 Cardiovascular disease
 Stroke

1.3 Nutritional Balance and Moderation

Balance

It is necessary to avoid ingesting one vitamin at the expense of another in order to achieve
diet balance. For instance, excessive calcium will obstruct the absorption of iron, even though
calcium is necessary for strong teeth and bones. A healthy balance between food choices is
essential if you want to obtain the recommended levels of both calcium and iron from your
diet. Most foods that are rich sources of iron are also poor sources of calcium. Another
illustration is the fact that, although salt is an essential nutrient, over use of it can aggravate
chronic renal disease and congestive heart failure. Never forget that everything needs to be
enjoyed in moderation.

Tips in maintaining a balance nutrition:

 Base your meals on higher fibre starchy carbohydrates

 Eat lots of fruit and vegetables
 Eat more fish, including a portion of oily fish
 Cut down on saturated fat and sugar
 Eat less salt: no more than 6g a day for adults
 Get active and be a healthy weight
 Do not get thirsty
 Do not skip breakfast
 Republic of the Philippines
POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES
Office of the Vice President for Branches and Campuses
CALAUAN CAMPUS

Moderation

Eat with the intention of moderation. For the best possible health and survival, moderation is
essential. Consuming hamburgers, fries, cake, and ice cream every evening for dinner can
cause health issues. However this should not have too much of an effect on general health as
long as it is consumed only once a week and is part of an otherwise healthy diet. It will have
even less of an effect on general health if this is done once a month. It's crucial to keep in
mind that eating is mostly about having fun and indulging in moderation. This fits in with a
balanced diet.

Tips for Controlling Your Nutrition

 Foods from each dietary group, such as fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins, and
healthy fats, should be included in your diet.

 Pay close attention to portion sizes: Portion control is essential for maintaining a healthy
diet. Make sure you're not consuming too much of a single food category.

 When selecting items from each food group, choose the healthiest ones. For instance, pick
nuts over chips and whole grain bread over white bread.

 Limit added sugars because they are present in many processed foods and can lead to
weight gain and other health issues. You may maintain a healthy weight and a balanced diet
by limiting your intake of added sugars.

 Finally, pay attention to your body and eat when you're hungry. Don't eat simply because
it's mealtime or you feel like you should. Be mindful of your hunger and fullness signals,
and stop eating when you're full.

References

What Is Nutrition? | Moses Lake Community Health Center (mlchc.org)

Undernutrition - PMC (nih.gov)
Malnutrition (who.int)
Malnutrition: Definition, Causes, Symptoms & Treatment (clevelandclinic.org)
What is Nutritional Balance and Moderation? – Nutrition 100 Nutritional
Applications for a Healthy Lifestyle (unizin.org)
8 tips for healthy eating - NHS (www.nhs.uk)
Balancing Your Diet: The Importance of Moderation (linkedin.com)