II PU Midterm Examination: October 2023

Subject Code: 33 SCHEME OF EVALUATION Subject: PHYSICS

General Instructions:
1. All parts are compulsory
2. Answers without relevant diagram / figure / circuit wherever necessary will not carry any marks.
3. Direct answers to the numerical problems without detailed solutions will not carry any marks.
PART – A
I] Pick the correct option among the four given options for ALL of the following questions:
15 X 1 = 15
1 The physical quantity that is measured in terms of ‘coulomb’ is:
A) Electric Charge B) Electric current C) Electric flux D) Electric field
Ans A) Electric Charge 1
2 Which of the following is NOT the property of electric field line?
A) Electric field lines start from positive charge and end at negative charge
B) In a charge free region, electric field lines are continuous
C) Electric field lines always cross each other
D) Electric field lines never form closed loop
Ans C) Electric field lines always cross each other 1
3 An example for polar molecule is A) Oxygen molecule B) Nitrogen molecule C)
Hydrogen molecule D) Water molecule
Ans D) Water molecule 1
4 A system of two charges separated by a certain distance apart stores electrical
potential energy. If the distance between them is increased, the potential energy of
the system A) Increase in any case B) May increase or decrease C) Remains the
same D) Decreases in any case
Ans B) May increase or decrease 1
5 In nature, free charged particles exist in which layer of the atmosphere?
A) Stratosphere B) Exosphere C) Ionosphere D) Mesosphere
Ans C) Ionosphere 1
6 Resistance of a conductor is directly proportional to
A) Length of the conductor
B) Potential difference across the ends of the conductor
C) Current through the conductor
D) Area of cross section of the conductor
Ans A) Length of the conductor 1
7 Lorentz force is the force on a charged particle moving in a region containing
A) Only electric field
B) Only magnetic field
C) Only crossed electric and magnetic fields
D) Both electric and magnetic fields
Ans D) Both electric and magnetic fields
8 The magnetic dipole moment of a current loop is independent of:
A) Number of turns N
B) Magnetic field in which it is lying B
C) Area of the loop A
D) Current in the loop I
Ans B) Magnetic field in which it is lying B 1
9 Current flows in a conductor from east to west. The direction of the magnetic field
at a point above the conductor is:
A) Towards north B) Towards south C) Towards east D) Towards west
Ans A) Towards north 1
10 The net magnetic moment per unit volume is:
A) Susceptibility B) Permeability C) Magnetisation D) Magnetic induction
Ans C) Magnetisation 1
11 The phenomenon of perfect diamagnetism in super conductors is called
A) Paramagnetism B) Ferromagnetism C) Zeeman effect D) Meissner effect
Ans D) Meissner effect 1
12 The direction of induced emf is given by:
A) Fleming’s left hand rule
B) Fleming’s right hand rule
C) Biot Savart’s law
D) Lenz’s law
Ans D) Lenz’s law 1
13 The relation between peak value of current im and rms value of current I is:
A) I = im √2 B) I = im /√2 C) I = 2im D) I = im /2
Ans B) I = im /√2 1
14 Below are the two statements related to a pure capacitive circuit.
Statement – I: Capacitive reactance is zero for dc signals
Statement – II : Frequency of dc signals is zero
A) Both the statements I and II are correct and II is the correct explanation for I
B) Both the statements I and II are correct but II is not the correct explanation for I
C) Statement I is wrong but the statement II is correct
D) Statement II is correct but the statement II is wrong.
Ans C) Statement I is wrong but the statement II is correct 1
15 Radio waves are produced by
A) Accelerated charges B) Stationary charges
C) Charges in uniform motion D) A conductor carrying steady current
Ans A) Accelerated charges 1
II] Fill in the blanks by choosing appropriate answer given in the brackets for ALL of the
following questions: 5X1=5
(increase, decrease, zero, generator, potential, infinity)
16 Total charge of an electric dipole is zero 1
17 Work done in bringing a unit positive charge without acceleration from infinity to a 1
point in a region with electrostatic field is said to be the electrostatic potential at that
point
18 A convenient way to increase the current sensitivity of a galvanometer is to increase 1
the number of turns of the coil.
19 The device which converts mechanical energy into electrical energy is called a 1
generator
20 As we move from gamma rays towards radio waves in the electromagnetic spectrum, 1
the frequency of the electromagnetic waves will decrease.
PART – B
Answer any FIVE of the following questions: 5 X 2 = 10
21 Define electric dipole moment. Mention its SI unit
Ans The product of magnitude of either of the charges of a dipole and the separation 1
between them is called electric dipole moment
Cm 1
22 What is electrostatic shielding? Mention its one application.
Ans Electric field inside the cavity of a charged conductor is always zero and it remains 1
shielded from the outside electric influence.
Application: Protecting sensitive instruments from outside electric influence 1
23 -9
A point charge of 4 X 10 C is located in vacuum at a distance of 9cm from a point
P. Calculate the electric potential at P.
Ans V = 1/4πε0 q/r 1
9 9 -2
V = 9 X 10 X 4 X 10 / 9 X 10 = 400V 1
24 Define emf of a cell. Mention its SI unit.
Ans The potential difference between the positive and negative electrodes of an electrolytic 1
cell when there is no current in the circuit is called the emf
volt (V) 1
25 Represent graphically the variation of resistivity with absolute temperature for
(a) nichrome and (b) copper
Ans (a)

(b)

26 State Ampere’s circuital law and represent it mathematically.

Ans Statement: “The line integral of magnetic field around a closed loop is equal to μ0 1
times the current enclosed by the loop”
Mathematical representation: ∮ ⃗B ∙ ⃗⃗⃗
dl = μ0 I; B – Magnetic field; dl – line element
1
and I – current
27 What is magnetic susceptibility? For which type of material it is small and positive?
Ans The ratio of magnetisation to magnetic intensity OR The property of a substance which 1
shows how easily the substance can be magnetized when placed in a magnetizing field.
Paramagnetic substance 1
28 State and explain Gauss’s law in magnetism.
Ans Statement: The net magnetic flux through any closed surface placed in magnetic field 1
is zero
Explanation: The magnetic field lines always form a closed loop. Therefore, the total
magnetic flux through the closed surface Φ = ∑ 𝐵 ⃗ . ∆𝑆
⃗⃗⃗⃗ = 0 OR
1
The isolated magnetic poles do not exist. Therefore, the total magnetic flux through the
⃗ . ⃗⃗⃗⃗
closed surface Φ = ∑ 𝐵 ∆𝑆 = 0
29 What is displacement current? Give the expression for the same.
Ans The current due to time varying electric field/flux is called displacement current. OR 1
A time varying electric field between the plates of a capacitor produces a current. It is
called as displacement current.
1
Expression: Displacement current id or Id = ε0 dΦE/dt
PART – C
IV] Answer any FIVE of the following questions: 5 X 3 = 15
30 Mention any three properties of electric charges.
Ans 1. Additivity of charges 1
2. Conservation of charges 1
3. Quantisation of charges 1
31 Mention any three factors on which capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor depends
Ans 1. Area of the plates 1
 2. Separation between the plates 1
3. Dielectric constant of the material between the plates 1
32 Derive a relation between electric field and electric potential.
Ans Or any other similar figure depicting two equipotential surfaces
1

1
dW = q (VA – VB) = 1 [V – (V + δV)] = – δV

Also, dW = E δl 1
E δl = – δV ∴ E = – δV/ δl
33 State Ohm’s law. Give any two of its limitations
Ans Statement: The electric current (I) flowing through a conductor is directly proportional
to the potential difference across its ends provided the temperature and other physical 1
conditions remains constant
1
Limitations:
1. Relation between V and I is non linear for large current (any
2. Relation between V and I depends on the sign of V OR Ohm’s law is not applicable Two)
for non – ohmic devices such as semiconductor diodes, transistors, vacuum tubes, etc
3. The relation between V and I is non – unique in the case of GaAs (Gallium Arsenide)
4. Ohm’s law is not applicable at very low and very high temperatures
34 Derive 𝑱 = 𝝈𝑬 ⃗ with terms having usual meaning
Ans By Ohm’s law, V = IR = I (ρ L/A) 1
V/L = ρ I/A => E = ρ J 1
⃗ 1
J = (1/ρ) E = σ E => J = σE
35 Write the expression for force acting on a charge moving in a uniform magnetic
field. Mention the nature of trajectory of the charged particle which is moving (i)
parallel and (ii) perpendicular to the magnetic field.
Ans F
⃗ = q(v⃗ ×B⃗ ) OR F = qvB sin θ 1
(i) Linear OR No change in direction 1
1
(ii) Circular
36 Explain with a circuit diagram how to convert a galvanometer into an ammeter
Ans A galvanometer can be converted into an ammeter by 1
connecting a low resistance in parallel with it

1
Circuit diagram

Shunt resistance S or rs = IG RG /(I – IG) 1

37 A solenoid of length 0.5m has a radius of 1cm and is made up of 500 turns. It
carries a current of 5A. What is the magnitude of magnetic field at a point inside
the solenoid?
Ans L = 0.5m and r = 1cm. So, the given solenoid is a long solenoid. 1
n = N/L = 5000/0.5 = 1000 turns per metre
B = μ0 n I = 4π X 10-7 X 1000 X 5 = 6.28 X 10-3 T 2
38 Write any three differences between diamagnetic and ferromagnetic substances
Ans Diamagnetic materials Ferromagnetic materials Any
• Susceptibility is low and negative Susceptibility is large and positive three
• Permeability is slightly less than 1 Permeability is very large
3
• Repelled by magnets Strongly attracted by magnets
• Magnetic field lines are expelled Magnetic field lines are concentrated
PART – D
V] Answer any THREE of the following questions 3 X 5 = 15
39 Derive an expression for electric field due to electric dipole at a point on the axial
line of an electric dipole
Ans Figure 1
Expression for E+q along with direction (or unit vector) 1
Expression for E-q along with direction (or unit vector) 1
1
Substituting in the expression E = E+q – E-q
2𝑝
Arriving at 𝐸⃗ = 4𝜋𝜀 𝑟3 ^
𝑝 1
0

40 Derive an expression for electrostatic potential at a point due to a point charge

Ans Figure 1
1 Q×1
Electrostatic force on the unit positive charge is, F = 4πϵ
0 x2 1
Work done in moving the unit positive charge through a small distance dx is,
1 Q
dW = − dx 1
4πϵ0 𝑥 2
x=r 1 Q Q 𝐫 Q
Total work done by the force W = − ∫x=∞ 4πϵ 2 dx = (4πϵ x) = 4πϵ 1
0𝑥 0 ∞ 0r
1 Q
By definition, work done is the potential due to the charge Q. 𝑉 = 4πϵ 1
0 r
41 a) State Kirchhoff’s loop rule (1)
b) State and explain Kirchhoff’s junction rule (2)
c) Draw Wheatstone’s bridge circuit and write the condition for its balance. (2)
Ans a) Kirchhoff’s loop rule: “The algebraic sum of the changes in potential around any
closed loop involving the resistors and cells in the loop is zero” 1
b) Kirchhoff’s junction rule: “At any junction, the sum of the currents entering the
1
junction is equal to the sum of the currents leaving the junction.”
Explanation: In the junction shown, In the figure, O is the
junction. Currents 𝐼1 , 𝐼4 and 𝐼5 are entering the junction and 1
currents 𝐼2 and 𝐼3 are leaving the junction.
By Kirchhoff’s junction rule, 𝐼1 + 𝐼4 + 𝐼5 = 𝐼2 + 𝐼3
c) Wheatstone’s bridge:

𝑅2 𝑅
Condition for balance of Wheatstone’s bridge: = 𝑅4 OR any other alternate
𝑅1 3
correct ratio which is in accordance with the figure. 1
42 Derive an expression for the force between two parallel conductors carrying
currents. Hence, define one ampere
Ans Labelled diagram (Fab and Bb are not necessary in the figure) 1
μ0 Ia 1
Ba =
2πd

μ0 Ia Ib L 1
Fab =
2πd

1
The force Fab is equal in magnitude to Fba and directed towards ‘b’ OR ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
Fab = −F ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑏𝑎
Definition of 1 ampere: One ampere is that steady current which, when maintained in
each of the two very long straight parallel conductors of negligible cross section and 1
placed one metre apart in vacuum (free space / air) would produce a force of 2 X 10 -7
newton per metre length of each other.
(Note: Any other equivalent correct definition with required key terms should be
considered)
43 State and explain Faraday’s law of electromagnetic induction. Derive an
expression for the motional emf induced in a rod moving perpendicular to a
uniform magnetic field
Ans Statement: The magnitude of the induced emf in a circuit is equal to the time rate of 1
change of magnetic flux through the circuit
Explanation: If 𝜙𝐵 is the magnetic flux linked with a circuit, then the magnitude of
𝑑𝜙 1
the emf induced in the circuit (𝜖) is, |𝜖| = 𝑑𝑡𝐵
Derivation:
Labelled Diagram (Current not necessary in figure) 1

Magnetic flux enclosed by the loop PQRS is

𝜙𝐵 = 𝐵𝐴 cos 𝜃 = 𝐵(𝑥𝑙) [∵ 𝜃 = 00 ] 1
𝑑𝜙𝐵 𝑑 𝑑𝑥
Induced emf: 𝜖 = − = − 𝑑𝑡 (𝐵𝑥𝑙) = 𝐵𝑙 (− 𝑑𝑡 )
𝑑𝑡 1
𝑑𝑥
𝜖 = 𝐵𝑙𝑣 [where, 𝑣 = − 𝑑𝑡 is the velocity of PQ.]

.
44 a) What is a transformer? (1)
b) Mention any one source of energy loss in a transformer. (1)
c) Briefly explain the construction of a transformer with a neat diagram. (3)
Ans a) A device which is used to change the alternating voltage 1
b) 1] Flux leakage; 2] Resistance of the windings (or loss due to heating); 3] Eddy 1
currents 4] Hysteresis (Any
one)
c) Diagram (Any one type of transformer diagram is sufficient)
1
Explanation: A transformer
consists of two sets of coils,
insulated from each other.
They are wound on a soft iron 2
core, either one on top of the
 other or on separate limbs of the core. One of the coils is called as the primary coil and
the other coil is called the secondary coil.
VI] Answer any TWO of the following questions. 2 X 5 = 10
45 Two-point charges qA = 4nC and qB = -4nC are located 20cm apart in vacuum. (a)
What is the electric field at the midpoint O of the line AB joining the two charges?
(b) If a negative test charge of magnitude 2μC is placed at this point, what is the
magnitude and direction of the force experienced by the test charge?
Ans 1 q
E=
4πϵ0 r2 1
9 X 109 X 4 X 10−9
EOA = = 3600NC−1 = EOB 1
(10 X 10−2 )2
EO = 2 X EOA = 7200 NC−1 Towards -4nC charge 1
F = qE = 2 X 10-6 X 7200 = 1.44 X 10-3 N 1
Towards +4nC charge. 1
46 The number density of free electron in copper is estimated to be 8.5 X 1028 m-3. A
copper wire of length 3.0m and area of cross-section 2.0mm2 is carrying a current
of 3.0A. Calculate the drift velocity of electrons. How long does an electron take
to drift from one end of the wire to its other end?
[Given: value of e = 1.6 X 10-19C]
Ans 𝐼
𝑣𝑑 =
𝑛𝐴𝑒 1
3
𝑣𝑑 = 1
8.5 𝑋 10 𝑋 2 𝑋 10−6 𝑋 1.6 𝑋 10−19
28

𝑣𝑑 = 1.103 𝑋 10−4 ms-1 1

𝑙
𝑡=
𝑣𝑑 1
3
𝑡= = 27.198 𝑋 103 seconds
1.103 𝑋 10−4 1
47 A circular coil of radius 10cm and 24turns is rotated about its vertical diameter
with an angular speed of 40 rad/s in a uniform horizontal magnetic field of
magnitude 5 X 10-2T. Calculate the maximum emf induced in the coil. Also, find
the current in the coil if the resistance of the coil is 15Ω.
Ans ε0 = NABω
A = π r2 = 3.14 X (10 X 10-2)2 = 3.14 X 10-2 m2 1

ε0 = 24 X 3.14 X 10-2 X 5 X 10-2 X 40

1

ε0 = 1.57V 1

I = ε0 / R 1

I = 1.57 / 15 = 0.1047 A 1

48 A resistor, an inductor and a capacitor are connected in series with a 120V, 100Hz
AC source. Voltage leads current by 350 in the circuit. If resistance of the resistor
is 10Ω and the sum of inductive and capacitive reactance is 17Ω, calculate the self-
inductance of the inductor.
Ans Voltage leads current.
𝑋𝐿 − 𝑋𝐶
∴ tan 𝜙 = 1
𝑅

𝑋𝐿 − 𝑋𝐶 = 𝑅 tan 𝜙 = 10 tan 350 = 7 Ω

1

Using equations 𝑋𝐿 + 𝑋𝐶 = 17 Ω and 𝑋𝐿 − 𝑋𝐶 = 7 Ω arrive at 𝑋𝐶 = 12 Ω 1

𝑋𝐶 = 2𝜋𝑓 𝐿
1
𝑋𝐶 12
𝐿= = = 19𝑚𝐻 1
2𝜋𝑓 2 𝑋 3.14 𝑋 50