ia CAN BANG HOA HOC Phan ing xdy ra theo mét chiu nt din Phan tng x8y ra déng thai thea hai chidu (far tri sang pai) ‘ri nguge nhou | ing mii tén 1chiéy —> Ding 2 mai tén nouce chiéu nhou —> 6 thé dat higu sat 181 do 100% Hi suat lun nha han 100% (Phan cng hon ton) (Phan ing king hon todn) Phdn ing thud va phan cng nghich lun xay ra d8ng th. Khiy, = vg Trang thai edn bing “M&t phn mg thuGn nghich dang & trong thi cn bing Kh ciu te rg ti bn ngodi nhu bin dining 6, ép su shit 6 th cdn bing s& chuyén dich theo chiu lim giém tc ng bn ng 66 (chigu nqugc Si chidu te Gna)" AeB—e6d “Tg rng cht A, cn bing chuydn ch theo cig gdm ng cht (chi thar) ct nn eat Gan bing chuyén ich theo chi tin ce phin ing —L [Aj hade (8) gdm —— Cén Bing chan dich thes chidu nich | [e] hoe [0] gidm Gin bang chuyén dich theo chigu thug | ra “Ting hit 6 => Phin ng chun dich thes chi pining thu niet (idm te ng ng rh iim hig 6 = Phin ing chun dich theo chi pining ta ni (Guim de gon rhib o __=* hy su chi gy rng KE cht Whi (et bg, etn ng xt nd tng np) “Tang/ Cid dp su = Cin bing chy dich theo chim gu ic dng cn wdc tg/ idm 6p sult 58 mal 82 vE Bing nhau = Ap sit King db hung dn cin ing hohe ng in tg dn cin Bing ho hoe (chat ni he Wing Ki chap sich Lim ting ing th 18 phn ing thud vd rahiCAN BANG TRONG DUNG DICH NUOC > a) ae Be foala ca aS —~ — met shop chat hi Hast) (acid ys) (Gore vEo) [co tydrocerbon. | ee rue alcohol, aldehyde, } sorbose) © Céced mar su Hl HNO, HAO, 1.50, Hr. cater) {© Céc base manh nhu NaOH, KOH, Bo(OH),, Ca(OH), (© Hau hét ede musi Chat din li menh im i LIOH, NeOH, KOH j Hydroxide cia kim logi nhém TA nhu: Base manh gém one, ca(OH), © Hydroxide cis kim logi nhém IEA (tris Be(OH),, Ma(OH),) nhu | Sr(OH), | Ba(OH), Hpo, le €ée acid yu nu CH,COOH, HCIO, H,, HF, le Cé base yéu nhy Bi(OH),, Mg(OH), H,0 18 chat dign li rt yu (HO =? H+ OH) |®, Céc hydrocarbon nhu CH, CH, GH, 12. Géc aleohel nhu CH,OH, C,H,OH, C,H,(OH).,.C.H,(OH),. ® Cée carbohydrat nhu CH,.0, (lucose), C,H,,0,, (sucrose), ‘Chat ign i yéu g6m chatt khéng dign li gm LUONG TENH (via phn theo Kei ac, vn phn i theo kiéu bose) -MGt 58 hap chat ion 6 tinh lung tinh Zn(OH), = H,Zn0, Zn(OH), =P Zn" + 20H = Zn(OH), la cht luding tinh = 2H + Zn0; Tea daeAKOH), = Halo,.H,0 = APs 308 HO FS Hie Alo,+H,0 [> MMOH cht Mg tn HOO, Hon => 4,00, -08t | => HCO, la chat ludng tinh wee HS = est HE tulod ae lage ge | (PME et Mba teh ‘Téng quét vé acid - base - musi \® Anion trung héa cla g8 axit manh nhu Cl, SO, NO, C10, CIO, (© Cation kim logi nhém TA nhu Li", No, K’, Rb’. 5 \© Cation kim logi nhém TTA (tris Be". Ma") nhu Co™. Se, Ba® Trung tinh gm (© Cée acid nhu HCI, HNO,, H,50,, HF, H,S0,,H,CO,,H.PO,.. ‘Acid gm: |a Céc cation (tri cation trung tinh) nhu Mg", AP", Fe”, NH, le HSO, ® Céc base nhu NeOH, KOH, Ba(OH),, Ca(OH),, Mg(OH),. Jp Anion trung hia ede 98 acid yéu nhu Fi, S*, S02: CO PO! Base g6m la NH, RNH,, AI(OH),, Cr(OH),. Zn(OH), iroxide Fink mht - 7 | r | oli le ee ans! Hees Po(OH),, Be(OH), { Lung inh | i 14. 67,0, 210 96m © Oxide ludng tinh nhu Ay Pee tx ors a Sn0, PbO, BeO- Cc | syerogen ceca me (1S: 1EO; HER: ] Anion chia hydrogen c tinh aid nh Hse; 4 ‘Aton phd hares Ho, Heo! be oHo ‘sy chuyén mau ea cht cht thi ‘4i vi chat chi thi 1 guy tim Mai teuiing acid dotnet | mai trun trung tin Quy tim —— > Quy tim khéng chuyéh mau Mai truéng bese su gim héa xorh ‘i véi chét chi thi a phenolphtalein: Méitruing cid _, phenalphtalein ng chuyén mau Phenolphtalein — [még rung vin Phenolphtalein khéng chuyén mau | Mai trudng base ___y- phenoiphtalein chuyén thinh mB hhgza 7 @ Tinh oxi héa: téc dung | | v6 mbt $6 kim loa, hydrogen d nhigt dé cao! i |__, (3 chap chat véi nguyn 18 c6 46 am ( aa my) S| Tinh khit té¢ dung véi H,CO,>H,5. ‘ SULFURIC ACID VA MUOI SULFATE £Sulfuric acid loding Cé tinh acid manh (twang ty nhu HCl) Voi kim logi —> Musi sulfate + H, 2M. + nH,50, —> M(SO,), + nH, Luu ye M dling truse Hi n 1 oxi héa thép nha cia kim logt - Véi oxide base, base —> Muéi sulfate + HO = Vi mudi —> Mudi méi + Acid méi Sulfuric acid 8 bi kim looi (Tri Au, Pt) 2M + 2mH,SO, (6c) —> M.(SO,)_ + mSO, + 2mH,O Lau ¥:mI6 s8 oxi ha cao nhit cia kim loi M ~ Khéng phy those wae bein chat. $6Iuong cde kim lagi, ta ludn c6 cdc bain phan ing 2H,S0,+2e—> $0,+H,0+50, (1) 4H,S0, +62 —> $+ 4H,0+350," (2) 5H,SO, + 8e —> H,S+4H,0 + 450,’ (3) + Mog ta0 musi acl + BAeF Abad © Doin 2 (0 a 58 mal nhdn vio dé oo ra sn phim kd X) + Moe. t90 mubi = D> my (5) ‘ot 2 + nysogBhtn ng = 2ngo, + Ang + Bry (6) ang thite (5), (6) ch dp dng nu hn hop du la cde kim lootGid si céng thie 48ng quit cia chat hid co X. Tecbttle lap! Smet. Hy fxs Arytn nein ins me SB ee GH, hodc C,H,0,) ylsae «2 yen S26 « DEix= Cy =Hez so 1 $2 +2 |i ens fayntent CAHN, hole G HONG: y}e2K 6 2+ 4 [yeh hy a Xée dh CTPT hep chat hs co dya wo phn tng At chay HS2c 2 oN $50 68 phn ng Bix Gy Hz sOteN= +9, E tn chin kiN chin, HIakhi NI} (C,H.O.N) 24> CO, + H0+ Ne ée dinh lug bo toa snc) = Neo, Bisrint n= an, eH 0g = 2.0 _BetN on an yin) = 2M 2g * M0 + Myon * Moon * Proxy # Mx ota ig ep whales bml-dmi. « = Sy m+ Mosiga = Meoy * Mazo * My 4 Phen ng Phan tng oxi Pin tng th. [ Phén img oxi») Phan tng thé Hdinalagen | | téch (nhigt Bg H.(Ni hiéa khng hodn H eda ving ido khang (nh séng hoe | | 4, ic tdc) 19,Br,, acid ‘oan: Kin, benzene: Br, hodn ton his 48) (Hx), H.0 Koro fe.) ott) HINO, dc (14,50, a0) } {_ nbd heCong thie tog quét cla moi hydrocarbon li: CH, (k= 1+¥) Céc truéng hop cy thé cia k (4% bat bao hea): =, [= 0%) i => hydrocarbon: C, He. (alkane) = O(n0) 1 ving) [zc =e 2HhGng no) __ | |moch hd (mach hd) rt = hydrocarbon: CH, = hydrocarbon : Ha,» (alkadione) > hydrocarbon :C,Hyq_ (llyne) rmochha "DAN XUAT HALOGEN - ALCOHOL - PHENOL Lahep chat hi co ‘bon chi CH, hod H,,.(OH) “OM litn Kt tre tip wi nguybn 10. no (Chichi én kt don) Alcohol ro Ba chic: CH, tote CH, (OH), ée hydrocarbon R ‘Alcohol king no (mach hd, mach ving) Alcoal than (8 ving benzene) ‘Alcahel re don ch (38 hm OH = 1) Alcohol da chile (6 nh O22) Alcohel be T RCH,OH Alcohol bc TE: R-CH(OH). 8 Alcohal be TET: (RR,R,JC-OH CH, OH dupe coil leohol bée T HOH dug oi 18 lool bc E +alcohol CH.OH: Ethylic alcoho “Ten thing thuing (CH,5CH-CH.OH: Ally alcohol C.H,CH,OH: Benay alcoho! dial Ten moch chsh __ddi mht 6 chia nhitm -OF Pn hn Ten thay th ‘Banh 8 mach chinh: td phio gn rhém OH cl phém-OH hon Wen en ~ En, on, oH, 1 methyloutane 1-1it King hoc rin Gila cde phn ti alcohol —> t,t, (olechol) > RH, ether cing khdi luora phan ti é lige két hydrogen lin phn #0 Gia cdc phn 10 alcohol véi H,O = tan nhiéu trong nuéc BR lén— 6 tan gdm eilagt ka nels lerdanreg « S tt ting i lugng pin 10M) tng “Tin cht chung! _+ kim log kiém AA(No, K,_)—> ROM + HT Tinh chit = dd mau xanh lam ig da 20H liém ke: + CuCOH, “HX (halogen) 6 khéi —» RX HO “+H,50, dm 68 anh — R-O5S0,H SHINO, dim 686 — R-ONO, + HO H,S0, dic, 40°C —> ROR(ether) + HO (thge chat a phn ing thé nhém OH=OR) 1,S0, die, 170°C — clkene + H,0 (66 véi lcohal n, don chic, mach ha) Exterhéa = RCOOH wt 1) —> RCOOR (ester) “HO (Oxi hbo king gian hod tod chit oxi héa = acid dBi vi eleahol bc T = Ketone 66 vi alcohol bjc TE alcohol béc TIT Mai truong ocid —» phi ting phic top La ng hop chat i co M8 tring base — khéng phan ing C6 nhém -OH liénkét true tgp véi nguyén ti carbon cla ving benzene C.H,OH: phere ‘1mp-CH,-CH-OH:o.mp-crezol = alcohol thom rihém -OH dink vdo moch nhéinh eda ving benzene vid: G\H,-CH,OH Benzylic alcoho! phenol don chic C,H.OH: phenol omp-CH,-CH.-OH omp-erezol 1.2-dihydroxibenzene Vid: phenol da chic 13-dihydeoxibenzene 14. dihydroxibenzeneTon it trong nude lonh (on hit rong rte ng, ethanol, ocetone, ether Bi chiy ro do hit im 8 thm miu do i oni Ada bi ng Ki ih acid = phenol 2.4.6-trinitropherol (ng) HINO, d/H,50, 8c —> Ho HOH GH,ONa + CO, + H,0-» a attco, GH.OK GH,ONa « Hel act a ct in io teers aldehyde > hydrocarbon (cir) ©) im Kh KLPT tng aldehyde « alohel (cng ©) {ing khi KLPT giémoy CCéch 1: Ten acd tuong mg (bt acid)» aldehyde (nit edch) CGich 2: Ten acid tueng ing (b8 tai, ub i/o” + aldehyde (viet in) R-CHO + Br,/H,0 ~» RCOOH + Br R. R-CHO + AgNO, NH, —> R-CHO +0, txt, RCOOH ie 4 Gi R chi e6 lin Ket xich ma hay Hién két don Mach hd: H-CH=0, CH, CHO vidy Mach ving: C,H, -CH=0 (C,H, ving 6 canh) GER c6 lien két nhu C=C, C=C Vi du: CH, 2CH-CHO. CH = ¢-cHO Gil R chia ving benzene Vidy C.H.-CHO(C,H,: phenyl) 6 1cHo hte 2 Vidy CH, -CHO, CH,=CH-CHO, C.H,CHO 2 2cHo Vi dy: HOC-CHO, HOC-CH(CHO)-cHO Mach chinh: Moch carbon di nhdt cha shém -CHO va c6 nhigu nhénh nhat Deinh sft nhé -CHO HCHO: Formic aldehyde hove formaldehyde \\ [et reread meena [eros Aerie fs meade CH,CH.CHO Propionic aldehyde hose propionaldehyde H, Nu ReH-oH cio +H, NUE cicH,.04 CH.=CH-CH:0 + 2H, -COOK R-CHO + KMnO,/H,O > pi, KOH R-COONH, 24g, NH.NO, +Br,/ HO C0, HCOOH (cé6 1CHO) = AgNO,/NH, —> : 2AgLa nhing hop chéft hd co 6 nhém -COOH (carboxyl) lién két true tiép véi C hode H Vi dy HOOC-COOH, HOOC-CH,-COOH GR chi cé lin Ket hay iénkét don mach hé: H-COOH, CH,-COOH COOH (C,H, ving 6 canh) mach ving: C 6c R cf ign ket nhu C=C, ¢ Theo a6 R Vi dy: CH,=CH-COOH, CH= ¢-COOH _$8ER clita ving benzene Vi du: C,H,-COOH(C,H,-: phenyl) 5 1COOH, Vi dy. CH,-COOH, CH,=CH-COOH, C,H,COOH Nhém chic -COOH Vi dy: HOOC-COOH, HOOC-cH(COOH)-COoH + ic + acid HCOOH Formic acid CH,COOH: Acetic acid CH,=CH-COOH: acrylic acid CH,2C(CH,)-COOH: methacrylic acid * HOOC-COOH! oxalic acidéc acid eu 1d hat Hing hode rin Gia eée phan ti acid t,,t,ela acid» alcohol (cing 6) Acid 6 lin ket fa hydrogen lin phan t Gia ede phn ta acid véi H,O ton t8t tong HO idm khi KLPT ting Gc R ki ruse ting khi KLPT giden — 4 tan trong nude Formic acid, acetic acid tan vé han trong nue Quy tim > mau dé (Rc00),.M RCOOH + M(truéic H) > (C00), RCOOH + MOH), > -———— Ho RCOONa RCOOH+ NaHCO,» (—_—— cot +H0 Nhém hie (COOH) (8C00),¢a RCOOH+ coco,» [_ 0,1 + H,0 (Rc00).m RCOOH + M0, —> Ho Phin Ung thé nhém OH: RCOOH = HOR (He, 1) = cH, 1-COOH +Br, —> CH,Br-COOH Cg = C-COONH, CHC-COOH + AgNO,/NH, —> NH,NO. cH, I-COOH + H, (Ni, 1") > CH,-c *8r,/ HO CO, Bac bigt: HCOOH (NHY),cO, = AgNO,/NH, > 2agh