ABAP201 Best of ABAP - The Ultimate ABAP 6.40 Feature Show

ABAP201:
Best of ABAP –
The Ultimate ABAP
6.40 Feature Show
Contributing Speakers
Andreas Blumenthal
SAP AG
Karsten Bohlmann
SAP AG
Boris Gebhardt
SAP AG
Christoph Stoeck
SAP AG
© SAP AG 2004, SAP TechEd / ABAP201 / 2

Agenda
Generic Programming
Checkpoints in ABAP ABAP Debugger
Shared Objects ABAP Unit
Simple Transformations Memory Inspector

ABAP Unit

ABAP Unit – A Little Story (Version 1)
We visit a mid sized company XYZ based somewhere in the US.

They developed their own SAP NetWeaver based flight booking system.
ABAP Developer
Mr. Dummy
Development request from Controlling:

“Please sort the flights in our flight booking system
by price (ascending) so that all employees
will most likely choose the cheapest flight.”

ABAP Unit – What Should I Know ?
What is ABAP Unit?
ABAP Unit is the ABAP framework for module/unit tests.
What is an Unit?
An unit can be considered as a non-trivial, accessible code portion
(method, function or form) where a given input or action causes a verifiable
effect. Ideally it is the smallest code part which can be tested in isolation.
How does an ABAP Unit test looks like?

The ABAP Unit tests are realized as methods of a local class
(with the addition “FOR TESTING”).
This local class is part of the class, function group or program you want to
test.

ABAP UNIT – What Should I Know ?
Why is the test class part of the productive code?

ABAP Unit tests and the linked production code are in sync
In a productive system the ABAP Unit tests are not part of the
productive program load.
(-> No performance or security drawbacks)
Which services are provided by ABAP UNIT?

ABAP Unit provides a service class CL_AUNIT_ASSERT, which contains
static methods (e.g. ASSERT_EQUALS) to compare e.g. strings or internal
tables in order to verify test results.

ABAP Unit – A Little Story (Version 2)
This time the flight system is verified by ABAP Unit tests.

Let’s see how this will influence the fate of Mr. Dummy.

Still Need of Integration and System Testing

Thank you…
Test a lot, test well, be on the safe side!

Checkpoints in ABAP

Checkpoints in ABAP
Task:
“Create utility for reversing strings”
Examples:
'ABC' -> 'CBA'
'12345' -> '54321'
'OTTO' -> 'OTTO'

Checkpoints in ABAP
Demo

Checkpoints in ABAP
system state
normal termination
consistent state
program flow

Checkpoints in ABAP
unexpected
behavior
system state
normal termination
consistent state
program flow

Checkpoints in ABAP
unexpected
: assertion
behavior
system state
system state
runtime
error
normal termination
normal termination
consistent state consistent state
program flow program flow
Æ find cause of error in shorter time

Checkpoints in ABAP
: assertion
system state
system state
undetected
error
runtime
normal termination
normal termination
error
consistent state consistent state
program flow program flow
Æ find more errors Æ enhance program correctness

Checkpoints in ABAP
ASSERT - Statement:
ASSERT ID group
SUBKEY subkey
FIELDS dobj1 dobj2 ...
CONDITION log_exp.
BREAK-POINT - Statement:
BREAK-POINT ID group.

Checkpoints in ABAP
Demo

Checkpoints in ABAP
Activation method
¾ dynamic, while system is running
Activation granularity
¾ Logical „checkpoint groups“
¾ Compose „variants“ from
¾ Checkpoint groups, variants,
¾ All checkpoints in programs, function groups, classes
¾ Extract checkpoint groups from programs, function groups,
classes, packages, development components
¾ User, server
Assertion mechanism
¾ Abort, debug or protocol

Checkpoints in ABAP
ABAP checkpoints support developers in writing

correct code
¾Activated in SAP development systems ( abort, protocol )
Code instrumented with checkpoints is easier to

support and maintain
¾Can be activated on the fly in productive systems ( activation
for dedicated user, server )
No activation, no performance loss !!!

Memory Inspector

Memory Inspector: Motivation
What is the Memory Inspector ?

¾ Tool to analyze dynamic memory consumption
Why do we need the Memory Inspector ?

¾ Increasing usage of dynamic memory objects, like
Internal Tables Strings
Class Instances (Objects) Anonymous Data Objects
¾ Increasing number of long-running transactions
T1 T2 T3 T4 T1

Memory Inspector
Demo

Memory Inspector: Features Summary
In ABAP Debugger
TopN-Consumer-Lists
Aggregation of types (class/data)
Find References
Memory consumption overview
In Stand-Alone TA
Analyzing memory snapshots
Comparing memory snapshots
Growth of memory objects in different views
Î Available in Release 6.20 ( SP 29, Sept.2003 )

Shared Objects

Data Access without Buffering
Common data
DB computed and/or
copied for
each user session
Common Common
Data Data
User X User Y
Session Session

Data Access with Buffering
EXPORT Shared Memory

Common data
Common
DB Data computed once
exported (copied) to
shared memory
IMPORT
imported (copied) into
each user session
Common Common
Data Data
User X User Y
Session Session

Data Access with Shared Objects
Attach for Write

Shared Memory
Common data
Common
DB Data computed once
written in place in
shared memory
Attach for read
accessed without
copying by a read
attach
User X User Y
Session Session

Areas and Area Instances
Shared Objects memory Shared Memory

Part of the shared memory Shared Objects Memory
Shared Objects areas

Area Area
Organizational units
I
Defined at design time n I
s I n
t n s
Shared Objects area instances a s t
n t a
Content stored at runtime c a n
e n c
Identified by unique name c e
e

Working with Area Instances
Attach for write Instance

Fill the contents Root


Commit changes


Commit changes
Attach reader1


Commit changes
Attach reader1
Attach reader2


Commit changes
Attach reader1
Attach reader2
Detach reader1


Commit changes
Attach reader1
Attach reader2
Detach reader1
Detach reader2

Shared Objects
Demo

Additional Features
Versioning
Auto-Build (e.g. at 1st read attach)
Transactionality
Propagation of area invalidation across AppServer instances
Client dependency
Displacement
Customizable memory and lifetime restrictions
Multi-Attach to different areas at once

Generic Programming

Challenging Development Request
Senior management wants a generic table

display tool where they can display joined
tables freely.
e.g.
Flight connection and Carrier IDs or
Flights and bookings or …

Problem Analysis
Selecting the Data from the database:

e.g. Join of SPFLI and SCARR
SELECT
SPFLI~MANDT SPFLI~CARRID …
SCARR~CURRCODE SCARR~URL …
FROM
SPFLI join SCARR
ON
SPFLI~MANDT = SCARR~MANDT AND
SPFLI~CARRID = SCARR~CARRID

Problem Analysis
Selecting the Data from the database:

e.g. Join of SFLIGHT and SBOOK
SELECT
SFLIGHT~MANDT SFLIGHT~CARRID …
SBOOK~BOOKID SBOOK~CUSTOMID …
FROM
SFLIGHT join SBOOK
ON
SFLIGHT~MANDT = SBOOK~MANDT AND
SFLIGHT~CARRID = SBOOK~CARRID AND
SFLIGHT-CONNID = SBOOK-CONNID.

Problem Solution Step 1
How shall I cover all these different

SELECTS in one program ?
Use Dynamic Open SQL:

SELECT
(select_clause_it)
FROM
(from_clause).
Dr. ABAP
Nice, but where do I get the DB table

components from ?
Dr. ABAP
Use RTTS:
struct_type ?= cl_abap_typedescr=>describe_by_name( dbtable ).
components = struct_type->get_components( ).

RTTS Class Hierarchy
CL_ABAP_TYPEDESCR
CL_ABAP_TYPEDESCR
CL_ABAP_DATADESCR
CL_ABAP_DATADESCR CL_ABAP_OBJECTDESCR
CL_ABAP_OBJECTDESCR
CL_ABAP_ELEMDESCR CL_ABAP_INTFDESCR
CL_ABAP_INTFDESCR
CL_ABAP_ELEMDESCR
CL_ABAP_CLASSDESCR
CL_ABAP_CLASSDESCR
CL_ABAP_REFDESCR
CL_ABAP_REFDESCR
CL_ABAP_COMPLEXDESCR
CL_ABAP_STRUCTDESCR
CL_ABAP_STRUCTDESCR CL_ABAP_TABLEDESCR
CL_ABAP_TABLEDESCR

SELECT
(select_clause)
INTO TABLE ITAB
FROM Perfect, but now we are lost !
(from_clause).
For each DB table combination I need a
result table ITAB with totally different
components!

Create the internal table you need

during runtime !
Dr. ABAP

RTTS Class Hierarchy
CL_ABAP_TYPEDESCR
CL_ABAP_TYPEDESCR
CL_ABAP_DATADESCR
CL_ABAP_DATADESCR CL_ABAP_OBJECTDESCR
CL_ABAP_OBJECTDESCR
CL_ABAP_ELEMDESCR CL_ABAP_INTFDESCR
CL_ABAP_INTFDESCR
CL_ABAP_ELEMDESCR
CL_ABAP_CLASSDESCR
CL_ABAP_CLASSDESCR
CL_ABAP_REFDESCR
CL_ABAP_REFDESCR
method CREATE CL_ABAP_COMPLEXDESCR

CL_ABAP_STRUCTDESCR
CL_ABAP_STRUCTDESCR CL_ABAP_TABLEDESCR
CL_ABAP_TABLEDESCR
method CREATE method CREATE

Working with Type Objects
Getting type objects

CL_ABAP_STRUCTDESCR
by name (method: describe_by_name) struc name

age
o
o
by creation (method: create)
TYPES: BEGIN OF struc,

name TYPE string,
age TYPE i,
END OF struc.

Working with Type Objects
Getting type objects

CL_ABAP_STRUCTDESCR
by name (method: describe_by_name) struc name

age
o
o
by creation (method: create)
TYPES: BEGIN OF struc,

name TYPE string,
age TYPE i,
Working with type objects END OF struc.
CREATE DATA ... TYPE HANDLE ...
ASSIGN ... CASTING TYPE HANDLE ...

Dynamic Type Creation
Demo

Simple Transformations

XML Mapping Tasks in ABAP
ABAP in
XML
Data new
6.40
Doc
XS
LT
LT
Simple
XS
Transformations … .. ….
…. … ..
.. …. …. ..
… …. .. .. Network
XSLT
DB
XS
LT
L
XS
T
… .. ….
…. … ..
.. …. …. ..
HTML / Text

ABAP / XML Mapping Languages
XSLT (since 6.10)

¾ works on canonical XML representation of ABAP data (asXML)
¾ builds DOM for source side
basis of:
¾ arbitrarily complex transformations XI 2.0
Simple Transformations (since 6.40)

¾ only for ABAP ↔ XML basis of:
XI 3.0 / Web
¾ only linear transformations (no DOM) Services
¾ speedup over XSLT: 10 – 30; “unlimited” size of data
¾ reversible (one program for both directions)
Both
¾ symmetric: no generation of ABAP code / XML schemas
¾ integrated in workbench (maintenance / transport)
¾ integrated in ABAP: CALL TRANSFORMATION

Demo

ABAP / XML: When To Use What
System Landscape Integration

Î Exchange Infrastructure
SOAP-Based Web Services
Î ABAP Web Services
Direct XML Processing in ABAP

REST-Based Web Services (in: URI, out: XML) – e.g.:
http://xml.amazon.com/onca/xml3?locale=us&t=te&dev-t=te&KeywordSearch=ABAP&mode=books&type=lite&f=xml
Custom XML Persistence

XML-Based Repositories (e.g. SAP WebDynpro)
Simple mappings, high throughput
Î Simple Transformations
Complex mappings, limited throughput
Î XSLT

ABAP Debugger

ABAP Debugger - Our Little Story Continues…
Some years after the dismissal of Mr. Dummy
we visit again our company XYZ.
Manager
Mr. Smith, the successor of Mr. Dummy, was
promoted and is now manager of all ABAP
developers.
He wants to book a flight for a business trip.
He uses the new version of their internal flight

booking system, which was developed by his
premium developer.
Premium Developer

New ABAP Debugger – Outlook
Please note that this document is subject to change and may be changed by SAP at
any time without notice. The document is not intended to be binding upon SAP to any
particular course of business, product strategy and/or development.

Further Information
Î Public Web:
www.sap.com
SAP Developer Network: www.sdn.sap.com
Î Search for ABAP Knowledge Center
SAP Customer Services Network: www.sap.com/services/
Î Related SAP Education Training Opportunities
http://www.sap.com/education/
Î Related Workshops/Lectures at SAP TechEd 2004

ABAP UNIT, Checkpoints
ABAP254, New Dynamik Test Tools for ABAP Developers ,
4h Hands-on
New ABAP Debugger, Memory Inspector
ABAP255, New ABAP Debugger and Memory Inspector,
2h Hands-on

Further Information
Î Related Workshops/Lectures at SAP TechEd 2004

Shared Objects
ABAP251, ABAP Shared Objects, Shared Memory Programming
Made Easy,
4h Hands on
ABAP252, ABAP - XML Mapping,
4h Hands-on
Generic Programming
ABAP351, Advanced & Generic Programming in ABAP,
4h Hands-on
ABAP Troubleshooting
ABAP253, ABAP Troubleshooting,
4h Hands on

SAP Developer Network
Look for SAP TechEd ’04 presentations and videos on

the SAP Developer Network.
Coming in December.
http://www.sdn.sap.com/

Questions?
Q&A

Feedback
Please complete your session evaluation.
Be courteous — deposit your trash,

and do not take the handouts for the following session.
Thank You !

Copyright 2004 SAP AG. All Rights Reserved
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ABAP201:

© SAP AG 2004, SAP TechEd / ABAP201 / 2

Checkpoints in ABAP ABAP Debugger

Shared Objects ABAP Unit

Simple Transformations Memory Inspector

© SAP AG 2004, SAP TechEd / ABAP201 / 3

© SAP AG 2004, SAP TechEd / ABAP201 / 4

We visit a mid sized company XYZ based somewhere in the US.

Development request from Controlling:

© SAP AG 2004, SAP TechEd / ABAP201 / 5

How does an ABAP Unit test looks like?

© SAP AG 2004, SAP TechEd / ABAP201 / 6

Why is the test class part of the productive code?

Which services are provided by ABAP UNIT?

© SAP AG 2004, SAP TechEd / ABAP201 / 7

This time the flight system is verified by ABAP Unit tests.

© SAP AG 2004, SAP TechEd / ABAP201 / 8

© SAP AG 2004, SAP TechEd / ABAP201 / 9

Test a lot, test well, be on the safe side!

© SAP AG 2004, SAP TechEd / ABAP201 / 10

© SAP AG 2004, SAP TechEd / ABAP201 / 11

“Create utility for reversing strings”

© SAP AG 2004, SAP TechEd / ABAP201 / 12

© SAP AG 2004, SAP TechEd / ABAP201 / 13

© SAP AG 2004, SAP TechEd / ABAP201 / 14

© SAP AG 2004, SAP TechEd / ABAP201 / 15

program flow program flow

Æ find cause of error in shorter time

© SAP AG 2004, SAP TechEd / ABAP201 / 16

consistent state consistent state

program flow program flow

Æ find more errors Æ enhance program correctness

© SAP AG 2004, SAP TechEd / ABAP201 / 17

© SAP AG 2004, SAP TechEd / ABAP201 / 18

© SAP AG 2004, SAP TechEd / ABAP201 / 19

© SAP AG 2004, SAP TechEd / ABAP201 / 20

ABAP checkpoints support developers in writing

Code instrumented with checkpoints is easier to

No activation, no performance loss !!!

© SAP AG 2004, SAP TechEd / ABAP201 / 21

© SAP AG 2004, SAP TechEd / ABAP201 / 22

What is the Memory Inspector ?

Why do we need the Memory Inspector ?

¾ Increasing number of long-running transactions

© SAP AG 2004, SAP TechEd / ABAP201 / 23

© SAP AG 2004, SAP TechEd / ABAP201 / 24

Î Available in Release 6.20 ( SP 29, Sept.2003 )

© SAP AG 2004, SAP TechEd / ABAP201 / 25

© SAP AG 2004, SAP TechEd / ABAP201 / 26

© SAP AG 2004, SAP TechEd / ABAP201 / 27

EXPORT Shared Memory

© SAP AG 2004, SAP TechEd / ABAP201 / 28

Attach for Write

© SAP AG 2004, SAP TechEd / ABAP201 / 29

Shared Objects memory Shared Memory

Shared Objects areas

© SAP AG 2004, SAP TechEd / ABAP201 / 30

Attach for write Instance

© SAP AG 2004, SAP TechEd / ABAP201 / 31

Attach for write Instance

© SAP AG 2004, SAP TechEd / ABAP201 / 32

Attach for write Instance

© SAP AG 2004, SAP TechEd / ABAP201 / 33

Attach for write Instance

ABAP checkpoints support developers in writing

Code instrumented with checkpoints is easier to

No activation, no performance loss !!!

by name (method: describe_by_name) struc name

by creation (method: create)

by name (method: describe_by_name) struc name

by creation (method: create)

CREATE DATA ... TYPE HANDLE ...

ASSIGN ... CASTING TYPE HANDLE ...

Custom XML Persistence