“Let food be thy medicine, and medicine be thy food.

— Hippocrates

INTRODUCTION

Hyperlipidemia and hypertension are the most important causes of ischemic

heart disease. There is evidence that flaxseed powder can improve lipid profile and
blood pressure. In this study, we want to investigate the effects of flaxseed powder
consumption on patients with hyperlipidemia and hypertension. Heart attacks occur
most often as a result of a condition called coronary artery disease. In CAD, a fatty
material called plaque builds up over many years on the inside walls of the coronary
arteries (the arteries that supply blood and oxygen to your heart). Eventually, an area
of plaque can rupture, causing a blood clot to form on the surface of the plaque. If the
clot becomes large enough, it can mostly or completely block the flow of oxygen-
rich blood to the part of the heart muscle fed by the artery. The onset of heart attack
symptoms can be very sudden and require immediate medical attention. An
ambulance should be called and critical care services alerted as soon as symptoms
appear.
Flaxseed (Linum usitatissimum) and flaxseed oil, which comes from flaxseed,
are rich sources of the essential fatty acid alpha-linolenic acid — a heart-healthy
omega-3 fatty acid. Flaxseed is high in soluble fiber and in lignans, which contain
phytoestrogens. Similar to the hormone estrogen, phytoestrogens might have anti-
cancer properties. Flaxseed oil doesn't have these phytoestrogens. Flaxseed can be
used whole or crushed, or in a powder form as meal or flour. Flaxseed oil is available
in liquid and capsule form. People use flaxseed and flaxseed oil to reduce cholesterol
and blood sugar and treat digestive conditions. Some people also take flaxseed to
treat inflammatory diseases.
Preventing the occurrence of cardiovascular disease with nutritional
interventions is a therapeutic strategy that may warrant greater research attention. The
increased use of omega (ω)-3 fatty acids is a powerful example of one such
nutritional strategy that may produce significant cardiovascular benefits. Marine food
products have provided the traditional dietary sources of ω-3 fatty acids. Flaxseed is
an alternative to marine products. It is one of the richest sources of the plant-based ω-

1
3 fatty acid, alpha-linolenic acid (ALA). Based on the results of clinical trials,
epidemiological investigations and experimental studies, ingestion of ALA has been
suggested to have a positive impact on CVD. Because of its high ALA content, the
use of flaxseed has been advocated to combat CVD. The purpose of the present
review was to identify the known cardiovascular effects of flaxseed and ALA and,
just as importantly, what is presently unknown.
Research on the use of flaxseed and flaxseed oil for specific conditions shows:

• Heart disease. Some studies suggest that alpha-linolenic acid, which is found in
flaxseed and flaxseed oil, might benefit people with heart disease. Early research
also suggests that flaxseed might help lower high blood pressure, which plays a
role in heart disease.
• Cholesterol levels. Several studies show that taking flaxseed daily can reduce
total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein (LDL, or "bad") cholesterol levels.
However, other studies aren't as favorable.
• Diabetes. Taking flaxseed might lower blood sugar levels in people with type 2
diabetes. However, the same results haven't been found for flaxseed oil.
• Menopausal symptoms. Results have been mixed when it comes to use of
flaxseed and the treatment of menopausal symptoms.
When used in combination with daily exercise and a low cholesterol diet,
flaxseed might help control cholesterol levels. Flaxseed might also be helpful for
managing diabetes and lowering the risk of heart disease. When taken in
recommended amounts, flaxseed and flaxseed oil are generally safe to use. However,
when taken in large amounts and with too little water, flaxseed can cause:

1. Bloating, Gas, Diarrhea

2. Avoid use of flaxseed and flaxseed oil during pregnancy.
3. Occasionally, using flaxseed or flaxseed oil causes an allergic reaction.
4. Because flaxseed oil might decrease blood clotting, stop using flaxseed oil
two weeks before having elective surgery.
5. The evidence is mixed as to whether flaxseed or flaxseed oil has any effect on
the prostate or the risk of prostate cancer.
Possible interactions include:

• Anticoagulant and anti-platelet drugs, herbs and supplements. These types of

drugs, herbs and supplements reduce blood clotting. Flaxseed oil also might
2
 decrease blood clotting. It's possible that taking flaxseed oil might increase the
risk of bleeding.
• Blood pressure drugs, herbs and supplements. Flaxseed oil might lower blood
pressure. Taking flaxseed oil with drugs, herbs and supplements that lower blood
pressure might lower blood pressure too much.
• Diabetes drugs. Flaxseed might lower blood sugar levels. Taking flaxseed with
diabetes drugs or herbs or supplements with hypoglycemic potential might lower
blood sugar too much.
• Estrogens. Flaxseed might have an anti-estrogen effect. Taking flaxseed might
decrease the effects of oral contraceptive drugs and estrogen replacement therapy.
• Oral drugs. Taking flaxseed might decrease absorption of oral drugs. Consider
taking oral drugs and flaxseed an hour or two apart.

Myocardial Infarction is a leading killer of both men and women in the

United States. But fortunately, today there are excellent treatments for heart attack
that can save lives and prevent disabilities. Treatment is most effective when started
within 1 hour of the beginning of symptoms.

Mechanism of Action of Flaxseed appears to reduce blood pressure through

its ability to lower plasma oxylipins which are highly bioactive molecules produced
in the body from PUFA. Some oxylipins can constrict and others can dilate blood
vessels thereby affecting blood pressure. Flaxseed has been shown to reduce
vasoconstrictive oxylipins by inhibiting soluble epoxide hydrolase, the enzyme that
produces them. Clinical trials are underway to investigate the safety and efficacy of
drugs that inhibit soluble epoxide hydrolase in humans. While these drugs may take
years to develop, Flaxseed is currently readily available and offers a natural source of
hypertension therapy. Flaxseed ALA and lignans may contribute to blood pressure
reduction through anti-inammatory actions that improve the health of the
endothelium. Flaxseed is also a source of the amino acid arginine comprising 11.3%
of its protein.15 In 30 g of ground Flaxseed there is approximately 680 mg of
arginine. In the body, arginine is converted to nitric oxide which has the ability to
lower blood pressure through blood vessel dilation. Scientific research supports the
potent blood pressure lowering properties of Flaxseed. The ALA, lignans, fiber, and
protein content of Flaxseed together may knockout this silent killer.

3
 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Health and plant foods have an age-old association. Several plant foods are
reported to have nutraceutical functions. Flaxseed is a rich source of Alpha linolenic
acid (ALA), fiber and lignans, making it a potentially attractive functional food for
modulating cardiovascular risk.

In 2003, the prevalence of Coronary Heart Disease in India was estimated to

be 3 - 4 percent in rural areas and 8 – 10 percent in urban areas with a total of 29.8
million affected according to population-based cross-sectional surveys. The estimate
is comparable to the figure of 31.8 million affected, derived from extrapolations of
the Global Burden of Diseases Study. In 1990, there were an estimated 1.17 million
deaths from CHD in India, and the number is expected to almost double to 2.03
million by 2010. The huge burden of CVD in Indian subcontinent is the consequence
of the large population and high prevalence of CVD risk factors. (Goenka et al,
2009).
Cardio vascular diseases and diabetes, deaths per 100,000 people source global
health observatory data repository and WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION
INTERHEART study evaluated the prevalence of nine potentially modifiable risk
factors in more than 15,000 cases with the first acute MI and matched with about
15,000 asymptomatic age- and sex-matched controls. Nine risk factors were strongly
associated with acute MI in the 52 countries included in the trial. The modifiable risk
factors represent over 90% of the risk for acute myocardial Infarction. Diabetes
mellitus is a significant predictor of adverse cardiac outcomes, especially in
women.

Current dietary recommendations for adults suggest a daily intake of 2.22 g of

ALA based on a 2000 kcal diet. Ingesting flaxseed can provide ALA to the
circulation and tissues of the body. ALA levels are increased as early as two weeks
after the initiation of flaxseed supplementation. The bioavailability of ALA is
dependent on the type of flax ingested (ALA has greater bioavailability in oil than in
milled seed, and has greater bioavailability in milled seed than in whole seed).
Crushing and milling of flaxseed substantially improve the bio-availability of
enterolignans, likely due to the improved accessibility of the colon bacteria to
crushed and ground flaxseed, the dose of flaxseed ingested and the fat composition
of the diet. For example, concurrent administration of LA in the diet will reduce
4
ALA accumulation because there is a competition among the enzymes involved in
the elongation and desaturation of LA and ALA. A ratio of LA to ALA of 4:1 or
lower has been shown to be optimal for the elongation of 11 g ALA to 1 g long-chain
ω-3 PUFA. The age of the subject does not appear to influence ALA bio-availability
or its conversion to DHA. The relative bioavailability of enterolignans from flaxseed
does not differ in men versus women. Approximately 4 g of ALA appears to have
biological effects similar to those of 0.3 g of long-chain ω-3 PUFA. Comparatively,
EPA and DHA are more rapidly incorporated into plasma and membrane lipids, and
produce more rapid effects than ALA. Therefore, the role of ALA in human nutrition
may be more important in terms of long-term dietary intake.
NEED FOR THE STUDY:

High blood pressure is a major health burden positively associated with the
risk of cardiovascular disease and other chronic diseases. Flaxseed is a rich dietary
source of a-linolenic acid, lignans, and fiber, with a number of positive health
benefits on blood pressure. Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death
worldwide. The prevalence of coronary artery disease, a major contributor to CVD,
is related to the increasing prevalence of modifiable risk factors, previous studies
identified diabetes mellitus, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, smoking, alcohol
consumption, obesity and sedentary lifestyle as risk factors. Functional foods and
nutraceuticals may provide a means to reduce the increasing burden on the health
care system by a continuous preventive mechanism which is cost effective compared
to modern drug therapy. Nutritional supplementation of flaxseed roasted powder may
prove very effective and convenient aid in mitigative effect on dyslipidemia

Prospective cohort studies suggest that consumption of dietary fibers protects

against coronary heart disease, although all mechanisms are not fully elucidated. The
cholesterol lowering effect of soluble viscous dietary fiber, particularly β-glucans
from oats and barley has been known for decades. A large number of studies have
demonstrated that oat products lower total and LDL cholesterol. Likely, this is linked
to their ability to increase intraluminal viscosity thereby affecting the entero-hepatic
recirculation of bile acids and lipid metabolism. Recently, extracted flaxseed fiber
added to bread was found to lower cholesterol in diabetics. Flaxseeds contain ~30%
dietary fibers of which one third are water-soluble and belonging to a group of
heterogeneous polysaccharides.

5
 Vasudevan N J (2017) Blood pressure is determined both by the amount of
blood your heart pumps and the amount of resistance to blood flow in your arteries.
The more blood your heart pumps and the narrower your arteries, the higher your
blood pressure. You can have high blood pressure (hypertension) for years without
any symptoms. Even without symptoms, damage to blood vessels and your heart
continues and can be detected. Uncontrolled high blood pressure increases your risk
of serious health High blood pressure generally develops over many years, and it
affects nearly everyone eventually. Fortunately, high blood pressure can be easily
detected. And once you know you have high blood pressure, you can work with your
doctor to control it. One tablespoon of flaxseed (ground) has about 40 calories, 3
grams of fat (more than half of which is ALA), almost 2 grams of protein, and more
than 2 grams of fiber. It's better to consume the seeds ground, since the whole seeds
pass through the body mostly undigested. You can buy flaxseeds already milled or,
better yet, buy them whole and grind them yourself (a coffee bean grinder works
well) just before using, as this will slow rancidity (the oils in flaxseed are highly
unsaturated, so they are more susceptible to oxidation). Store the seeds, ground or
whole, in an airtight container in the refrigerator or freezer to keep them fresh longer.
Flaxseed has a nutty flavor, though some people describe it as unpleasantly fishy. It
can be added to yogurt, cereals, and smoothies, sprinkled over salads and cooked
vegetables, and used in baking. Milled flax can replace the oil or shortening in
recipes.

6
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

A STUDY TO ASSESS THE EFFECTIVENESS OF FLEX SEED

ADMINISTRATION ON REDUCING BLOOD CHOLESTEROL LEVEL &
CONTROLING BLOOD PRESSURE AMONG HYPERTENSIVE PATIENT
ADMITTED IN SELECTED HOSPITALS OF RAJKOT.

OPERATIONAL DEFINITIONS

1. Study
A scientific study of nature that sometimes includes processes involved in
health and disease.
2. Assess
It refers to making judgment or estimation of the degree of success in meeting
goal and measuring the implementation of cryotherapy for reducing pain.
3. Effectiveness
It is the production of desired effect of result in the study. It refers to the
difference in the level of pain before and after cryotherapy in patient with orthopedic
disease.
4. Flax Seed
Linseed (Linum usitatissimum), also known as flax in North America, is one of
the earliest cultivated field crops, initially grown for its fiber. In North America, in
the last two centuries, linseed has been grown primarily for its oil.
5. Serum Blood Cholesterol Level
Cholesterol is a type of body fat, or lipid. A person's serum cholesterol
level represents the amount of total cholesterol in their blood. A person's serum
cholesterol level comprises the amount of high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-
density lipoprotein (LDL), and triglycerides in the blood.
6. Blood Pressure
Blood pressure is the pressure of circulating blood against the walls of blood
vessels. Most of this pressure results from the heart pumping blood through the
circulatory system.

7
 7. Hypertensive Patient
Hypertensive patient Means (high blood pressure) when the Patient Admitted in
the hospital with elevated the pressure in blood vessels is too high (140/90 mmHg or
higher).

OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

1. To assess the knowledge about Flex Seed Administration on Reducing Blood

Cholesterol Level & Controlling Blood Pressure among Hypertensive Patient.

2. To evaluate The Effectiveness of Flex Seed Administration on Reducing Blood

Cholesterol Level & Controlling Blood Pressure Among Hypertensive Patient
Admitted in Selected Hospitals of Rajkot.

3. To find out an association between the pretest knowledge of Flex Seed

Administration on Reducing Blood Cholesterol Level & Controlling Blood Pressure
and with their selected demographic variables.

HYPOTHESIS

H1: There will be a significant difference between pretest and posttest level of
knowledge score regarding Flex Seed Administration on Reducing Blood
Cholesterol Level & Controlling Blood Pressure among Hypertensive Patient.

H2 There will be a significant association between pretest levels of knowledge score

with their selected demographic variables.

ASSUMPTIONS:

1. The researcher assumed that Patient with IHD, CHD, Hypertension, and DM are
considered as high risk to Increased Risk of Blood Cholesterol Level & Blood
Pressure.
2. The researcher assumed that high risk Patient may have inadequate knowledge
regarding Flex Seed Administration on Reducing Blood Cholesterol Level &
Controlling Blood Pressure among Hypertensive Patient.
3. The researcher assumed that Flex Seed Administration will Effect on Reducing
Blood Cholesterol Level & Controlling Blood Pressure among Hypertensive Patient.

8
 DELIMITATION:

➢ The study is limited to the Patient with IHD, CHD, Hypertension, and DM are
considered as high risk to Increased Risk of Blood Cholesterol Level & Blood
Pressure.

➢ The study is limited to hypertensive Patient Admitted in Selected Hospitals of

Rajkot.

REVIEW OF LITERATURE

“The review is defined as a broad comprehensive in depth systematically and

critical review of scholarly publication, unpublished printed or audio-visual materials
and personal communication”.
- BT.Basavathappa(2000)

Sonali Saxena, Charu Katare (2014) the study included 50 dyslipidemic

subjects selected by purposive random sampling and were divided into two groups, a
control and an experimental group. Both the groups were prescribed similar dietary
guidelines. Subjects in the experimental group received 30 g of roasted flaxseed
powder for 3 months. Anthropometric parameters, blood pressure, and blood lipid
profile were estimated before the study and after completion of the study. Flaxseed
supplementation resulted in a remarkable improvement in anthropometric
measurements, blood pressure, and lipid profile in the experimental group. Body
weight and body mass index (BMI) of the experimental group were significantly
reduced (p < 0.01). A lowering of systolic and diastolic blood pressure (p < 0.05)
was also recorded in the dyslipidemic subjects. Concomitantly, a highly significant
reduction (p < 0.01) in total cholesterol, triglycerides, low density lipoprotein-
cholesterol (LDL-C), and very low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (VLDL-C) levels,
with simultaneous elevation (p < 0.01) in high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-
C) levels was observed. Improvement in lipid levels resulted in reduction of
atherogenic indices. The supplementation of roasted flaxseed powder for 3 months
improved the BMI, blood pressure, and lipid profile of dyslipidemic subjects, thus
exhibiting cardio protective effect.
Goutam Thakur, Analava Mitra, The effects of ingestion of flaxseed gum on
blood glucose and cholesterol, particularly low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, in

9
type 2 diabetes were evaluated. Flaxseed gum was incorporated in wheat flour
chapattis. Sixty patients of type 2 diabetes were fed a daily diet for 3 months, along
with six wheat flour chapattis containing flaxseed gum (5 g), as per the
recommendations of the American Diabetic Association. The control group (60
individuals) consumed an identical diet but the chapattis were without gum. The
blood biochemistry profiles monitored before starting the study and at monthly
intervals showed fasting blood sugar in the experimental group decreased from 154 ±
8 mg/dl to 136 ± 7 mg/dl (P=0.03) while the total cholesterol reduced from 182 ± 11
mg/dl to 163 ± 9 mg/dl (P=0.03). Results showed a decrease in low-density
lipoprotein cholesterol from 110 ± 8 mg/dl to 92 ± 9 mg/dl (P=0.02). The study
demonstrated the efficacy of flax gum in the blood biochemistry profiles of type 2
diabetes.

Yalda Shokoohiniac , and Sedigheh Asgaryd (2022) To address

hyperlipidemia, flaxseed demonstrates a great impact on experimental and clinical
trials. Therefore, the effects of flaxseed on lipid profiles of healthy and dyslipidemic
subjects were assayed. The literature search was performed based on English reports
of randomized control trials up to April 2021 to seek the effect of flaxseed on lipid
profiles of healthy and dyslipidemic subjects. A total of 14 RCTs with 1107
participants were evaluated. Based on results, flaxseed significantly improves the
lipid profile in dyslipidemic patients comprising total cholesterol, low-density
lipoprotein (LDL-C) and triglyceride in comparison with the control group.
Nevertheless, no significant changes were observed in high-density lipoprotein
(HDL-C). Although in healthy individual flaxseed significantly increased HDL-C,
LDL-C and TG. Subgroup analysis on healthy subjects showed that flaxseed
improved LDL-C on overweight subjects with BMI>25. The evidence suggests that
flaxseed significantly improved TC, LDL-C and TG in dyslipidemic subjects and
additionally improved the HDL-C on healthy subjects.
Kailash Prasad, MBBS (Hons), MD, PhD (2019) his review paper
describes the effects of flaxseed and its components (flax oil, secoisolariciresinol
diglucoside, flax lignan complex, and flaxseed protein hydrolysate) on blood
pressure in Sprague Dawley rats, spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), and
humans. Flaxseed, flax oil, and FLC had variable effects on BP in humans, while
SDG and FPH significantly reduced the BP in SDR and SHR. The effect of SDG was
dose-dependent and long lasting. The lowering of BP is mediated through inhibition
10
of soluble epoxide by α -linolenic acid in flax oil, stimulation of guanylate cyclase
and inhibition of angiotensin converting enzyme by SDG, and inhibition of renin and
ACE activity by FPH. Flaxseed, flax oil, and FLC have variable effects on BP (none,
slight, and significant). They are effective in lowering BP in individuals with
hypertension and metabolic syndrome but ineffective in healthy individuals'
ineffectiveness of flaxseed and its compounds in lowering BP may be due to their
low doses, long interval of dosing, short duration of consumption, and patient status.
In conclusion, the data at present suggest that flaxseed, flax oil, and FLC cannot
serve as therapeutic agents for the treatment of hypertension.
Shaghayegh Abbasi , Kiana Karimi (2023) The findings of randomized
controlled trials regarding the effect of flaxseed on adipokine concentrations are
conflicting. Therefore, the present meta-analysis was conducted to provide definite
and conclusive results. Systematically, Scopus, Embase, PubMed, Web of Science
databases, and Google Scholar were searched for relevant literature published up to
December 2022. Based on random-effect models, standard mean differences were
calculated for net changes in adipokine concentrations. Overall, 13 RCTs (15 arms)
were eligible to be included. The results indicated that leptin was significantly
reduced after the intervention with flaxseed supplement (SMD = -0.69, 95% CI: -
1.37, -0.01; p = 0.048; I2 = 92.0%, p < 0.001). In addition, flaxseed supplements had
no considerable effect on plasma adiponectin (SMD = 0.52, 95% CI: -0.20, 1.25, p =
0.159; I2 = 92.0%, p < 0.001). Flaxseed significantly improves leptin but does not
affect adiponectin concentrations. Additional future well-designed trials are required
to further assess the potential benefits of flaxseed on adipokines in humans.

11
 SCHIMETIC PRESENTATION OF RESEARCH DESIGN

RESEARCH APPROACH
(Quantitative Research Approach)

RESEARCH DESIGN
(A quasi experimental study, One Group Pre Test – Post Test Research Design)

RESEARCH SETTING
(The study will be conducted in selected Hospitals at Rajkot)

POPULATION
(Quantitative Research Approach)

TARGET POPULATION ACCESSIBLE POPULATION

(patients admitted in selected (Patients admitted in cardiac unit with
hospitals at Rajkot) Elevated Serum Cholesterol level & Blood
pressure selected hospitals at Rajkot.)

SAMPLING TECHNIQUE
(Non Probability sampling technique is planned to select samples.
Samples will be selected by Convenience sampling technique.)

SAMPLE SIZE
(350 Samples will be select for the study)

DATA COLLECTION
(Quantitative Research Approach)

PRE TEST POST TEST

(Assess the Elevated Level of Blood (After Administration of 12 Weeks of Flax
Cholesterol & Blood Pressure) Seed Then Assess with Paired “t” test)

DATA ANALYSIS &

INTERPRETATION

CONCLUSION & FINDINGS

12
METHODOLOGY

RESEARCH APPROACH

Quantitative Research Approach.

RESEARCH DESIGN

A quasi experimental study, One Group Pre-Test Post Test Research design.

VARIABLES

• Independent variable: flex seed administration. Age, sex, weight, education,

work status, family income, and dietary pattern, duration of illness and previous
mode of therapy.

• Dependent variable: Level of Serum Blood Cholesterol level & Blood Pressure.

SETTING

The study will be conducted in selected Hospitals at Rajkot.

POPULATION

Accessible Population: patients admitted in selected hospitals at Rajkot.

Target Population: patients admitted in cardiac unit with Elevated Serum
Cholesterol level & Blood pressure selected hospitals at Rajkot.
SAMPLE

Clients with Elevated Serum Cholesterol level & Blood pressure of both sex the
age group between 30 - 80yrs selected hospitals at Rajkot district.

The sample size of the study will be 350 patients with Elevated Serum Cholesterol
level & Blood pressure.

SAMPLING TECHNIQUE

Non-Probability sampling technique is planned to select samples. Samples

will be selected by Convenience sampling technique.

13
CRITERIA FOR SAMPLE SELECTION

• Inclusion Criteria for Sampling

➢ Patients who are diagnosed as Elevated Serum Cholesterol level.

➢ Patient who are Diagnosed with high Blood pressure.
➢ Patients age between 30 - 80.
➢ Patients available at the time of study.
➢ Clients who can understand Gujarati, Hindi and English.
• Exclusion Criteria for sampling

➢ Patients who are unconscious and critically ill.

➢ Patents not willing to participate.
➢ Patients those who are pregnant.
➢ Patients those who are lactating Mother.

DEVELOPMENTAL TOOL

Tool was prepared after reviewing the related literature such as books, journals,
previous studies, and past experience. Review of literature was done in to the area
related to knowledge and practice of the patients with Elevated Serum Cholesterol
level & Blood Pressure regarding Flex Seed Administration. The tool comprises of
two sections.
1. Section – A:
Demographic variables
2. Section – B:
➢ Sphygmomanometer is the Blood Pressure assessment scale for pre and post test
level of Blood pressure assessment.
➢ Cholesterol is usually measured in milligrams (mg) of cholesterol per deciliter
(dL) of blood. A total cholesterol level of less than 200 mg/dL (5.17 mmol/L) is
normal. A total cholesterol level of 200 to 239 mg/dL (5.17 to 6.18 mmol/L) is
borderline high. A total cholesterol level of 240 mg/dL (6.21 mmol/L) or greater
is high. The total cholesterol level can be measured any time of day.

14
PLAN FOR DATA COLLECTION PROCEDURE

As a part of data collection procedure, a written permission will obtain from

the concerned authority of the hospital. Informed consent will be taken from the
subjects. As a part of intervention, a Flex Seed will be provided to each patients of
Cardiac Unit for 10 to 12 weeks. After giving Flex Seed again level of Serum
Cholesterol level & Blood pressure will be assessing by the Sphygmomanometer &
Chemistry Analyzer and intervention will be depends on the post test scores.

PLAN FOR DATA ANALYSIS

➢ Descriptive Statistics
Collected data will be analyzed by descriptive statistics such as mean, standard
deviation, frequencies and percentages.
➢ Inferential Statistics
The association between effectiveness of Flex Seed Administration will be
analyzed by Paired “t” test. The association between effectiveness of Flex Seed
Administration on Reducing Serum Cholesterol level & Blood pressure with selected
demographic variables will be measured by using Chi-square test.

POSSIBLE BENIFITS

❖ Studies suggest that alpha-linolenic acid, which is found in flaxseed and flaxseed
oil, might benefit people with heart disease. Early research also suggests that
flaxseed might help lower high blood pressure, which plays a role in heart
disease.
❖ Studies show that taking flaxseed daily can reduce total cholesterol and low-
density lipoprotein (LDL, or "bad") cholesterol levels. However, other studies
aren't as favorable.
❖ Studies suggest that Taking flaxseed might lower blood sugar levels in people
with type 2 diabetes. However, the same results haven't been found for flaxseed
oil.
❖ Studies Shows Results have been mixed when it comes to use of flaxseed and the
treatment of menopausal symptoms.

15
CONCLUSION
The most important finding from the FLAX SEED study was the potent
antihypertensive effect shown by patients who ingested flaxseed. This represents a
major advance in the treatment of hypertension from a number of perspectives. First,
it is the first demonstration of the effects of dietary flaxseed on a hypertensive
population. Hypertensive patients with an initial systolic blood pressure of >140
mm Hg responded to dietary flaxseed with an average decrease of 15 mm Hg in
systolic and 7 mm Hg in diastolic blood pressure. These decreases in BP are among
the most potent dietary interventions observed and comparable to current
medications.

ETHICAL CLEARANCE
➢ Ethical clearance will be obtained from research committee of Saurshtra
University.
➢ Informed consent will be taken from the hospitals where the data will be
collected.
In this study all rights of the subjects as human being have been protected. Ethical
Clearance Will be considered for the study to assess the effectiveness of Flex Seed
Administration on Reducing Blood Cholesterol & Blood Pressure at selected
hospitals Rajkot.

16
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3. Shaghayegh Abbasi , Kiana Karimi Can flaxseed supplementation affect
circulating adipokines in adults? An updated systematic review and meta-analysis
of randomized controlled trials 2023 Sep 7:10:1179089.
doi:10.3389/fnut.2023.1179089. e Collecting 2023.
4. Sharon Lewis, “A text book for Medical surgical nursing”,9th edition, Evolve
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College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 107
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17
11. Goutam Thakur 1, Analava Mitra, School of Medical Science and Technology,
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12. Saxena, S., & Katare, C. (2014). Evaluation of flaxseed formulation as a potential
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