Topic 1 (The particulate nature of matter) @ _ |Nov 2010/ P[33] / Q (6_a, ii, b) 6 The Kinetic Theory explains the properties of matter in terms of the arrangement and movement of particles. (a) Nitrogen is a gas at room temperature. Nitrogen molecules, N>, which are spread far apart move in a random manner at high speed. (ii) How does the movement and arrangement of the molecules in a crystal of nitrogen differ from those in gaseous nitrogen? {b) Use the ideas of the Kinetic Theory to explain the following (i) A sealed container contains nitrogen gas. The pressure of a gas is due to the molecules of the gas hitting the walls of the container. Explain why the pressure inside the container increases when the temperature is increased. @ |May 2012/ P [31]/ Q (_a) 1 The diagram below shows part of the Water Cycle. (+ 965 9008 74 64 ) 47Topic 1 (The particulate nature of matter) ate the name of each of the following changes of state H:0(l) + H0(g) name HO(g) > H:0() name P] (ii) Which one of the above changes of state is exothermic? Explain your choice, fy @ |May 2012/ P [32]/ Q (1_c) (c) When liquid nitrogen boils the following change occurs. Na(l) + Nag) ‘The boiling point of nitrogen is very low even though the bond between the atoms ina nitrogen molecule is very strong. Suggest an explanation 2] @® |Nov 2012/ P [32]/ Q (2) 2. The diagram shows a heating curve for a sample of compound X. 80: temperature/°C time (+ 965 9008 74 64) 2Topic 1 (The particulate nature of matter) (a) Is X a solid, a liquid or a gas at room temperature, 20 °C? a a [] (b) Write an equation for the equilibrium which exists in region BC a 21 (c) Name the change of state which occurs in region DE, a) (d) Explain how the curve shows that a pure sample of compound X was used 2] [Total: 6] @® |May 2014/ P [33] /Q ( b) (b) A liquid has a fixed volume but takes up the shape of the container. A gas takes up the shape of the container but it does not have a fixed volume. uit os . BY (+ 965 9008 74 64) Te]Topic 1 (The particulate nature of matter) © {Nov 2014/ P [33] /Q (2_a) 2. Compound X isa colourless liquid at room temperature (a) A sample of pure X was slowly heated from —5.0 °C, which is below its melting point, to 90 °C, which is above its boiling point. Its temperature is measured every minute and the results are represented on the graph. soc F D. E temperature veof----B A 5c A time (i) Complete the equation for the equilibrium present in the region BC. X6) = (ii) What is the significance of temperature t °C? — {lt (iii) What is the physical state of compound X in the region EF? 0) (iv) What would be the difference in the region BC if an impure sample of X had been used? fH (+ 965 9008 74 64) 4Topic 1 (The particulate nature of matter) @ _ |Nov 2015/P [33] /Q (1_b) (b) How could you show that a sample of water is pure? fu Nov 2016/ P [41] /Q (2) 2 Matter can exist as solid, liquid or gas. The arrows show some changes of state. \ ves om (a) Name the changes of state represented on the diagram (A... na (i) B mM fl] (b) Explain why energy has to be supplied to tum a liquid into a gas ty (c) The diagrams represent the same number of particles of a gas in two containers, D and E, which have different volumes. The two containers are at the same temperature. (+ 965 9008 74 64) SsTopic 1 (The particulate nature of matter) In which container will the pressure be higher? Explain your answer. {1 @® [Nov 2016/P [42]/ Q (1) 1 Particles behave differently when in different physical states. (a) Solids have a fed volume and a defnite shape. Gases have no fxed volume and take the shape of the container. Describe the volume and shape of liquids. 1] (b) Complete the table to show the separation, arrangement and movement of particles in each physical state state_| separation of particles | arrangement of particles | movement of particles solid liquid | touching one another randomly arranged move over one another gas 6 (c) Name the following changes of state (i) Ice turning into water. (ii) Solid carbon dioxide turning direetly into gaseous carbon dioxide at room temperature. (1 [Total: 9] (+ 965 9008 74 64) 6Topic 1 (The particulate nature of matter) Nov 2017/ P [41]/ Q (2) 2 The graph shows how the temperature of a substance changes as it is cooled over a period of 30 minutes. The substance is a gas at the start, 30098 temperature Fe % fo 30 tine /minates| Each letter on the graph may be used once, more than once or not at all (a) Which letter, $, T, V, W, X, ¥ or Z, shows when (i) the particles in the substance have the most kinetic energy, (1 (ii) the particles in the substance are furthest apart, [1] he substance exists as both a gas and a liquid? (t) (b) Use the graph to estimate the freezing point of the substance, CT (c) Name the change of state directly from a solid to a gas. -U (d) When smoke is viewed through a microscope, the smoke particles in the air appear to jump around (i) What term describes this movement of the smoke particles? (ii) Explain why the smoke particles move in this way 2] [Total: 8] Mr. abdel Rahman Esa (+ 965 9008 74 64)Topic 1 (The particulate nature of matter) @ |Nov 2017/ P [42] /Q (1_a) 1 (a) Dust particles in the air move around in a random way. (i) What term describes the random movement of the dust particles? sell (ii) Identify the particles in the air which cause the random movement of the dust particles, Explain why the dust particles move in this way. RI @® |Nov 2018/ P [42] / Q (1_a, b, c) 1 Element X can undergo the following physical changes. boiling or. Gano evaporton 2 liquid X 4 a ? slid x (a) (i) Give the scientife name for each of the numbered physical changes. 1 2 3 4 i] (ii) Explain why the changes shown are physical changes. [1] (+ 965 9008 74 64) 8Topic 1 (The particulate nature of matter) iii) One difference between boiling and evaporation is the rate at which the processes occur. State one other difference between boiling and evaporation .{l] (b) Describe the separation, arrangement and motion of particles of element X in the solid state, separation... arrangment, motion BI ® [May 2019/P [41]/Q(2) 2 Z is acovalent substance, In an experiment, a sample of pure solid Z was continually heated forl1 minutes. ‘The graph shows how the temperature of the sample of pure Z changed during the frst 9 minutes. 240: 220- 200: eo 160: 140: temperature re 120: 100: 80: 60: 40° o 42 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 12 time /minutes Mr. abdel Rahman Esa (+ 965 9008 74 64)Topic 1 (The particulate nature of matter) (a) What is the melting point of pure Z? on "GE (b) The sample of pure Z began to boil at 9 minutes. It was boiled for 2 minutes Use this information to sketch on the grid how the temperature of the sample of pure Z changed between 9 minutes and 11 minutes. [1] (c) The sample of pure Z, was continually heated between 2 minutes and 5 minutes. Explain, in terms of attractive forces, why there was no increase in the temperature of the sample of pure Z between 2 minutes and 5 minutes. 2] (@) Deseribe how the motion of particles of pure Z. changed from 0 minutes to 2 minutes Pl (e) The experiment was repeated using a solid sample of impure Z. Suggest the differences, if any, in the melting point and boiling point of the sample of impure Z compared to the sample of pure Z. melting point boiling point Mr. abdel Rahman Esa (+ 965 9008 74 64) 10Topic 1 (The particulate nature of matter) (8) A sample of pure Z, was allowed to cool from 120°C to 20°C. The total time taken was 8 minutes. Starting from point », sketch on the grid how the temperature of the sample of pure Z changed between 0 minutes and 8 minutes. 140: 120 temperature rec 4100: 80 60: 20- 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 12 time/minutes PI [Total: 10] Mr. abdel Rahman Esa (+ 965 9008 74 64) 411