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Book 9789004295902 B9789004295902-S005-Preview
Book 9789004295902 B9789004295902-S005-Preview
Herodotus (4.59) listed the Scythian gods and identified them with
the Greek ones:
8EOU~ IlEV IlOUVOU~ 'tOUO"/)E tAaO"Kov'tat, 'IO"'thw IlEV llaAtO"'ta, E1tt /)E Llta 'tE
Kat rijv, VOllt~OV't~ 'tijv rijv 'tou LltO~ Eivat yuvatKa, IlE'tU /)E 'tou'tou~ 'A1to')..).oova
'tE Kat oupavtllV 'A<ppO/){'tllV Kat 'HpaKAEa 1 Kat "Apw. 'tOu'tOu~ IlEV 1taV'tE~
LKU9at VEVOlltKaO"t, Ot /)E KaAEOIlEVDt ~aO"tA~Wt LKu9at Kat 'tip I100"Et/)fwvt
9UOUo"L ovolla~E'tat /)E LKu9tO"'t1 'IO"'ttll IlEV Ta~t'tt, Zd)~ /)E op9o'ta'ta Ka'tU
yvrollllV YE 'tijv EIl~V KaAEOIlEVo~ I1a1tato~, rij /)E 'A1tt (variant: 'A1tta), 'A1to')..).oov
/)E rot'toO"upo~ (variant: OhoO"upo~),z oupavtll /)E 'A<ppo/)t'tll 'Apytll1taO"a
(variant: 'Apt1t1taO"a, 'Ap'tlll1taO"a),3 I100"Et/)fWV /)E 8aytlla(}"(l/)a~ (variant:
8aytllaO"a) .
The only gods whom they propitiate [by worship] are these: Hestia
most of all, and next Zeus and Ge, whom they deem to be the wife
of Zeus, after these, Apollo, and Aphrodite Ourania, and Heracles and
Ares. All the Scythians worship these as gods, but the Scythians called
Royal sacrifice also to Poseidon. In the Scythian language, Hestia is
called Tabiti, Zeus (in my judgment most rightly so called) Papaios,
Ge is Api, Apollo Goitosyros, Aphrodite Ouranw Argimpasa, and Poseidon
Thagimasades. (Translation by A. D. Godley, slightly modified)
1 The words Ka1 'HpaKAea are omitted in the text of Kallenberg's edition of the
Histona, but retained by other editors.
2 Orig. Gontra Gels. 6.39: royyoO"upo~; Hesych. s.v. rOt'tocrupov' 'tOy 'A1toAA.(f)va.
LKu9m.
3 Orig. Gontra Gels. 6.39: 'ApYtll1tacra; Hesych. s.v. 'Ap'ttllT]acrav' OUpavtav 'A<ppo-
8hT]v, U1tO LKU9&v.
68 CHAPTER TWO
The gods of the first and the second level, presumably the most
ancient and less individualized, are opposed to the "younger" gods,
4 In his later book Rayevskiy (1985: 36) however claims just the opposite, that
Herodotus copied a Scythian liturgical formula.