So Approved For Release 2000/08/15 : CIA-RDP96-00%97R000400390001 PARAPSYCHOLOGY IN JAPAN Totroduction In 1992, the Japanese Society for Parapsychology celebrated its 25th anniversary with a three- day conference in Tokyo. ‘This society was founded by Professor Saji Oteni, an academic paychologist at the Japanese Defense Academy, It has been the mainstay of responsible purupsychology in Japan, and has its intellectual roots both in traditional Japanese approaches and in the American experimental approach of .B Rhine, The later influence is Largely due to the time spent by Otani in Rhine's lab iu the mid 1960's, and more recently by Dr Shigeki Hagio, an academic psychologist from Kagoshima Keizai University, in the southern part of Japan, The Society hus u small membership, with relatively few empirical contributions, averaging about seven reseurch-releted reports each year. Separate sections below will cover this year's JSP convention, as well as research recently initiatcd at Sony. Before considering recent research and researchers, some general comments on the social ‘context of parapsychology in Japan may he helpful, All are a mix of subjective impressions ‘rom the author's visit. Japan is a very polite socially structured society. Criticism is indirect, inferred and ofieu nuher gradual. Confrontation or debate at conterences or in the media has been quite rare aluough that fs changing, Researchers acknowledge that they obtain more dircet and detaited criticism when they preseat thelr work internationally. ‘This is unfortunate for parapsychology, where critical feedback is necessary to avoid the many pitfalls of design, methodology, analysis and interpretatiun that can So easily arise. especially with novice researchers, Some Japancse rescarch vrujects appear to suffer from lack of critical feedback. It has often been said that when people do not like an idea they will ignore itrather than confront it, There has been very little public criticism of parapsychology by skeptical groups or academics, therefore, which probably is not a good thing. It means that the tupic has been and ccan he safely ignored by the academicfintellectual community. Thisis reflected in the dewth of bona fide academicians currently involved and in the relative laok of student involvement. Tt is difficult if not impossible to interest university senior staff and administrators. There is insufficient precedent and universities are very conservative, and reluctant to take on new fdeas. “The nail that stands out gets hammered down" is a well-known proverb, frequently cited in conversution. ‘The lack of academic involvement and other public discussion means that serlous public assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of parapsychological research is greatly reduced, This in tum further marginalises the subject for potential serious researchers. An additional consequence is hat the media themselves have no real guidelines for distinguishing berween competent and sloppy research, in thelr own country and elsewhere. Many programs are made which describe rescarch activitics in China, Russia, North America and Burope, which are very popular but have little quality control. Japanese psychics are presented primarily through televised demonstrations which arc oftea poorly contrulled. This situation is amenable to some change, however, as Japanese media are eager to avoid mistakes of being regarded after the fact as foolish. But when they seek advice, they have little idca 1 Approved For Release 2000/08/15 : CIA-RDP96-00792R000400390001-1Approved For Release 2000/08/15 : CIA-RDP96-00792R000400390001-1 themselves of the degree of expertise of those they consult, This Is not unique to Japanese media, of course. A recent example of media conflict over psychic claims is mentioned in the attached article by James MeCienon, Japanese society as u whole 1s very open to parapsychology and to incelligent research in such areas. Survey figures show that only 10% of Japanese claita religious belief, yet 80% claim to practice Buddhism and 80% claim to practice Shinto, Most Japanese actively practice both, and frequently engage in rliuals of various sorts which inply direct interaction herween their own mental activities and the surrounding environment, including interaction with spirits. Supplicatocy prayer is comszion, even by those who would claim that it's only a placebo, or that they are engaging in a covial uct to show their peers how dedicated they arc 1owards various goals. The idea of using movtern tools to explore encient claims is acceptable to most, because Japanese society emphasises the integration of the old with the now in so many ways. Current Interest in exploring psychi¢ powers seems currently to focus on China and Russia/Siberia, generally held by academics (o be the tw auxin ancient sources of Japanese spirimal tradition. Siberia is less frequently acknowledged by the public as a whole, but evidence of Siberian shamanism as well as laduchinese shamanism (via Okinawa) can be seen in the forms of Shinto, practices sn less developed regions (oceasionally refcared to as Mountain Shinto or "mourn religion". Included are various mediumistte and healing practices, as well as ideas of the concentration of mental energy later incorporaicd in the mountain-based Ninja vaining cenires ‘and ia the Chinese tradition of Qi. ‘As result of various tactors including the above, serious psychical research in Japan tends to be practised by a handful of ueademics, by a few members of the medical community, and by individuals or small groups within industry. The most impressive example uf the latter are the research fucilities at the Sony Research Center in Yokohame, Parapsychology Research at Sony Professor Soji Otani and the author visited the Sony Research Center in August, 1992, where thero arc two laboratories involved in purapsychologtcal research. Our hosts were thre electrical engineers; Dr Toshiro Terauchi, Sonior Manager of the ESPER Laburatory; Dr Yoichiro Sako, Representative of the ESPER Laboratory; and Dr Mitguru Takashima, Assistant Manager of the Pulscgraph Laboratory, Although all three spoke English, Dr ‘Teravchi served as our primary translator. We were given a bref history and introduction to the rescarch ofthe two labs. Seven years ealicr, Mr Tbuka, Honorary Chairman of Sony Corporation, established a lab with Dr ‘Takashima, to explore the mind-body aspects of oriental medicine, After three years the Pulsegraph Lab was formed, ro examine Eastern approaches through the tools of Western medicine. This has involved working with Chinese Qigong practitioners, primarily Mr Nayoys who has joined them. They study interactions between healers and non-clinical volunteers, focussing on thc physiology of both healer aud client. Measures are taken while the Inealer becomes reloxed and while the healer gives and rooeives energy. ‘Thesc measures 50 far have been taken on people in the same pou nb remote influence studies as yet. “They intend 2 Approved For Release 2000/08/15 : CIA-RDP96-00792R000400390001-1Sars ss Approved For Release 2000/08/15 : CIA-RDP96-00792R000400390001-1 to look at differences in healcrs, both Japancsc and Chincscc, as well es differences in healing environments. Although they employ a variety of measures including EEG, body temperature and standard plethysmography, their muin innovation so far is the development of the pulsegraph, an instrument for meusuring pressure in the arteries at three adjacent locations, primarily in the left and right wrists. The device places pressure on the artery at three adjacent sites, varying the amount of pressure from hard to merely “floating”. ‘Uhis gives a total of 12 readouts, six from each hand, and enables assessment of vasomotor activity, heart rate, heart beat amplitude, blond flow, viscosity, vessel elasticity and heart valve movement. Professor (Otani and 1 both went through this procedure and our polygraph records were examined afterwards by Mr Nagoya, He examined the raw wave forms themselves as well as the various digitised readings provided, focussing on varlous patterns. He then gave a description both of the cardiovascular health of the individual, plus a character reading based on an assessment of ‘what the body-mind interaction was likely to be, e.g. I'm a nice person because my body isu't giving my viscora a hard timc. This procedure seemed to represcnt their main accomplishaet so far, and thoy felt that they had devised a scientifically solid procedure for measuring processes suggested by Eastern technique. The author has since learned that Chinesee practitioners routinely put three fingers on each pulse for several minutes, first one then the other, and that this constitutes a major medioal observation for them. ‘The Pulsegraph Lab, then, had been primarily a lab for development of psychophysiological measurements so far, and their research was only gradually turning toward procedures that would enable ‘measurement of remote inflnence within & medical context. ‘On the other hand, the ESPER J.ab, less than a year old at the time, was to be dedicated to more directly parapsychulugicul procedures. Its origins had apparently come from 4 major reassessment of Sony prioritis for the 21st century by the R and D Corporate Planning Group. In debating between “outer space” and “inner space” they tnd sclected inner space as less expensive and as Jess likely to be donc better in Western socicty. A Human Science Working Group had identifiod four arcas of interest: brain sciences, social science, highly creative Individuals (artists and producers of impressive works), and spocial mental abilities, including pst and Qleong practice, They had decided to emphasise China, as country of origin, and through Mr Ibuka and the Chinese government, Sony representatives were allowed to mect Qigong practitioners. ‘They were impressed and reported to the Chairman of Sony, Mr Morite, who set up the RSPER lab in response. One of the first projects was to follow up on some demonstrations filmed in China by TVS of children who can apparently read hidden characters. A joint project was being designed with media people such that part of the incentive for participants would be to appear on TV. Their tests were not well described, and sounded suurewhut informal, so we could not assess how likely the results are to be due to some Sort ot iickery by the children, Characters from bovks as well as those written on paper were used. ‘They estimate that at present they had worked with over 100 children, with one in ten doing well, and some showing stable abilities. In conversation, they seemed reluctant to consider the possibility that some or all of their successful participants might just be skilled uicksters, but seemed open to the idea of safeguarding ageinst external criticism. Given the general utitudes toward actaal public criticism, it is hard to say how seriously they took this possibility. In general, they seemed more interested in presenting their work rather than discussing it, ‘Their stated general goals for the ESPER Laboratory are to conduct research with children and adults, 3} Approved For Release 2000/08/15 : CIA-RDP96-00792R000400390001-1a a ovr Approved For Release 2000/08/15 : CIA-RDP96-00792R000400390001-1 to verify the existence of such special skills, developing theory, systems and epplications, In sencral the Pulsegraphi Lab rescarch seems more advanced and on a solid basis; the ESPER research seis in ily eurly stages und we could not ges good fee! for how well it was currently being couducted, All ree researchers seemed intelligent and interested in doing good sclence. ‘We only saw the Pulsegraph Lab, and its facilities scemed quite adequate for the job. We were told that in all chere were ten individuals employed in the two labs combined. Sony does seem to have a commitment to zcscarch in this area with support at the highest administrative levels, ‘THE JAPANESE SOCIETY FOR PARAPSYCHOLOGY ANNUAL CONFERENCE, “The annual meeting of the IPS normally lasts for two days but was extended for a third day 50 ‘that its one-day summer tutorial session could he combined, Attendance was approximately 25 people, all male save for a student. a spouse and one of the demonstrators. Some artendees ‘were researchers in corporations such as NEC, Fujitsu, Hitachi and JMM, who were able to do some small amount of research but only in their spare ime, generally something invalving RNG's and computers. Atuched are cards from some of the attendees, plus the three Sony reseatchers who did not alicud. A few of the presenters seem well worth further interaction, and condensed versions of their papers are enclosed. Professor Sof! Omni (address in PA Directory) is the loading figure in the Society. Now retired from the Defense Academy, he no longer conducts research but remains active in writing, editing and administration. He has many contacts with academia, industry (including Sony) and the major media, especially television. Attached is a paper by him summarising the Society's research activities over the years. Dr Masayuki Hirafujl is a young cognitive psychologist with the National Agriculture Research Center, in the Ministry of Agriculure, Forestry and Fisheries. He presented two papers, oue a councctionist mocet of ESP, the othe: an attempted derivation of a precognition model. Tlis current job resttieis him tw motel construction with no empirical testing, although hc would in principle be quite happy to do buth. He yeems very articulate and has some working knowledge of parapsychology. Mr Hideyukt Kokubo is a young computer specialist with Sanseido, a publishing company. He gave a paper nsing signal detection theory in a novel application, but also finds that be is constrained to model constriction rather than empirical testing. Professor Shigeki Hagio, a psychologist at Kagoshima-Keizai University, is now the most active experimentalist and follows the classical Rhinean strategies of psi testing. tinclosed are ‘ief descriptions of several recent studies, involving the local student populations. He has spent time in the Sates as well as in Britain, occasionally attends PA conferences and is a PA associate member, He is fairly kuowledgeable about modern parapsychotogical methods. His ‘university is in the southern part of Japazi. | Approved For Release 2000/08/15 : CIA-RDP96-00792R000400390001-1a Al ‘Approved For Release 2000/08/15 : CIA-RDP96-00792R000400390001-1 ‘Des Loshiaki Tmaizumi and Osamu Jmada are young psychiatrists in Kack Hospital, whose paper on beliefs about the nature of spontanevus cases in enclosed. They secmed intelligent and with knowledge of reseurvh design and parapsychology. Dr Akiro Ouda is a retired speclalist in Buddhist philosophy, who is a PA member and has been active in the Society fous ihe beginning. Others presented on the progremme as well, but were less involved in research-related topics SUMMARY ‘The researchers named shove. seem responsible and good starting places for exploring serious Japanese parapsychology. There is much popular interest in Japan and many groups who bleu ‘laims of spectal mental power and spiritual practice. Some of these have dubious reputations, ‘within the parapsychological community as well as the public. Most younger Jupanese can use English adequately. Older Japanese can read St but often have rouble with spoken English Japan is a country with considerable potential for parapsychology, but they need more jnformation about Western techniques [ur usscssinent. In tum their culrore has many practices which should be explored more systematically and may contribute substantially to our understanding, SGil June 7 Approved For Release 2000/08/15 : CIA-RDP96-00792R000400390001-1C705 03 14:36 wey Approved For Release 2000/08/15 : CIA-RDP96-00792R000400390001-1 Uenersi Review of Research in JSFP Soji Ohvant ‘Academic research in psrupsychology in Japan started after World War 11, beginning with the introdnetion of the works of Parapsycholoby Laboratory, Duke University directed by Dr.J.B.Rbine. ‘A. thesis written by Ohtani was published in the Iournal of Parapsychology in 1958. Research in Japan has been strongly Influenced by the Luburuuuty since then. In 1963, “ parapsychology Studying Group” was established, and they pretanted their research in the ‘Fapanese Society tor Psychology and the Japanese Society for Applied Psychology. In 1967, the Gist convention of the Group was held, followed by the ertablidhment of * the Japanese Society for Parnpeychalngy” . This offered researcners the opportunities to exchange Informuiou and tw proseut their sophisticated research anaually, More than 180 researches have been jesented at the Annual Convention. AS for those ‘oa ESP, we have the oac on the relationship wit some psychological tests(Ohtani, Nomurs, ‘Takeshima), the ones on tho relationship with physlologlcal variublew{Ohtuni, Ons ‘Matsumae, Nagashima, Sugistuta, Kusuaokl, Saito, Fukuda), tte ones om the retasooship ‘with cavironmental condition(Ohtani, Matsuda, Kurihara, Yamaguchi, Ito), the ones on the relationship with imagery(Hayase). ‘As for those on PK, we have the ones uting sew materials(Takahesh!), the ones om effects to living organiome(atani, Haruki), the ones oo metal bending with gifted subjects(Obranl, Kasahara, Koori, Ro). We have am international research on remots viewing(Ohtani, Minakami, Dean). Also, ‘we have many researches on spontaneous cases(Cntanl, Kurihara, Watanabe, Kool, Hayio, Wada). ‘As for theoretical research, we have the One 02 precognition wnocroed with the ume issuo(Kanazawa).Some of us have tried to establish models oa the process of ESP(Kokubo, irafufi, Sakurai). Besides, we baye thc one on the relationship between the structure of call and the senres(Keide), the ones on the credibility of ESP tarpets(Kuroda, Hagio), tne one with Approved For Release 2000/08/15 : CIA-RDP96-00792R000400390001-1 1:wT Approved For Release 2000/08/15 : CIA-RDP96-00792R000400390001-1 same manipulation of BSP cargets(llagio), the ones on tho analysis of the data(Maruyamn), ‘At the same time we have some researches related wo the concerning Fcls: the surveys on NDE(Becker), the one on the relationship between creativity and ESP{Cnda), the fone on Kirlian photographe( Fujita. We have two long-lasting rexeurches: the ooe: Is about the thenry an procogaition (Kanazawe), aod the other is about psi couring around older mantal patlonts(Nagachimme), We have recerved 20 direct and decisive erfucism. I chink it uecessury for us 10 publish our rescachea in many ways asd, exposed to construcive criticism, improve them, Approved For Release 2000/08/15 : CIA-RDP96-00792R000400390001-1Approved For Release 2000/08/15 : CIA-RDP96-00792R000400390001-1 Cannectionist Model of ESP Maeayuli Hirst 1 the Amount of Information Tramsnitted with ESP In an ESP experiment using targets witoce hit rate is 1/2, the ainount of information transmitted io a tial iy sbowa in the formula in the next page Atleast W/IESP times of tials are needed lw got 1 bit of infortnation(abown in Fig.t) ‘This means we can get a significant resuit with a large number of tials ovea if the hit fate is sooo to the chaws level. The amount of intonation transmitted in a trial ia a “tial is quite small, ax seea from the fact that most ESP experiments with significant repulta have a large aussber of tisls. That is, the cipacity of BSP is qute amail. Based on the idea that this is because signals of ESP oocue ut a level weaker than oises, X esablish my modes of KSP. 2. BSP and the Process of Cogaition ‘Aa soon in the Law of Waver, normal senses, such a sight, auditory sous, seuse of touch, producs relatively simple responses against stimu, On the other hand, ESP Products rather complexed responses which seem deeply related 1u ue subjecs’ process at ‘opnition, as seou in sbeop-and-goat and pre effect. TTESP is closely related to the Drocess, we need 2 model incinding it to uodexstaod ESP. Tcowbined the model of cognition and x model in which information is extracted from ‘weak ESP signal below the noise level, and established an-ESP model(shown in Fig2). 3 Neural Network Neural network is a wovel which consists of combined models of nerve eells whose functions are simplified. Because of the ditfcreuces umong the simplification oF the combination, several kinds of neural networks have beea proposed. Tho most basic functions related ta coppition, such as ceugaition, memory, association, learning, can be expressed. with combination of the network. Judging from che fact that BP model resembles the actual brain fusctiog so much, the ‘model in which information is coded or decoded by combining neural networks can be Approved For Release 2000/08/15 : CIA-RDP96-00792R000400390001-1Toss es * “Approved For Release 2000/08/17 CTA-RDP95-00792R000400390001-1 applied to hrtins if the transmission with spnals wosker han sole ic pose. 4: ESP Signal Detective Theory We bve a0 idea which organ seases ESP signe as we don't know what carries ESP sigosle, But toey must be treoumitted into neural Impulse, iw put H that wa have 2 certain organ which seases them. 1 presuine that BSP sigaa! it micro electrical charge is neural impute, Can huuoma beings transmit voncopts with alectromagnatic waves, a presumed that ESP {is « Kdott of lectroniagpetic wave tnd nerve calls re saveanse? Tk is true that there wo somo parts ia our brains and coll which are electrically “ charpa, and thoon pare cerainly radiate electromagnetic waves, It doen't mater that the amount of the radaicd cuergy is small, The point is thatthe waves have complicated Plasto difisrences. Because the phses change simewisa and spaicwise in 0 complicated manner, they diuiss each other so that we can't detect thee, Therefor, .slmpie ‘iological model con't vena. 1a the conpectionist model of ESP, I regard the cach eleciically-temged part as ‘tho source and the recatver of clostromagaetic waves. That is, cach par hes its ows frequency aod phace simuitesenasly, This resembles « huge anther of tranmission machines functioning without confusion, but ia the mode! the trasumittad information {3 Always boonogpocous and can be controled inteadooally. ‘Thoureticaly, iti postibie to transmit information oven ia por sytem, only if the information is coded in x proper way which fit the foulure of the eyteot. Thus, FSP can camsait information, even ifthe sineal i quite weak, ooce we have proper coding method. ‘Ihe process ix expromed by the Forma (1) w (6). 3 Cog in Neural Network ‘Whea an gent have « target in his mind, the vuocotned oouron i activated. By sssodiaton, other neurons cumcermed with what is related to the Lasee aro activated comscyucnily. Thut the brain establishes the pattsn to sead the information, This ‘Process bites ihe information timewise and spacewise. ‘The percipieat follow the same process to the oppased direction. Tha were decoding te doesin his neural networks, the lest noise ancl mare aomurste information he can se. Approved For Release 2000/08/15 : CIA-RDP96-00792R000400390001-1Approved For Release 2000/08/15 CtA-RDPBE-UU79ZRU00400390001-1 ‘The process is actually much mare conmplexed, prtoticed in tke uneooscious level, but I would like to focus on ESP signal which is weaker thin noise, by sisaplifying the process(Fig.9 and 10). 6 Result of Simulation T pracicad an expertmeut using « computer, with ESP cards ax targets. ‘The hit rate shown i Fig.12 indicates that BSP is competent cuough to traneit information aud that ‘te association memory has an effect to reduce ooites. This leads w a bypotbecie that even weak ESP signals con tranent information, as ua actual brain hes 29 immense number of ncuron ead 2 huge amount of association cexmary fe involved in the proceas. 7 Pai-Misuing and Shecp—aod~Gout Effect. ‘When coded information has claely related association memory, the memory becomes 2 large noise, thus causing inevitable peienlsing(shown in Fy-12). Whea the association ‘Memory fs the doniol of ESP, pri~missing oovues even ifthe ESP signal is received. =” ‘This is cheep~and—goat effect. 8 Displacement Effect ‘When the change of the amouut of the stored semary is smaller than that of the stored noise, displacement effect is likely to oosure(Look st Fig). 9 Tuteusity Probability Theory of Pal ‘According 10 the model established fry Mr, Kokubo, the intemsity probability of pal {s coraia figure, 0.01, regardless of the bit rte itt, I would lke to prove thie by using the connectionist model, I awe got the Formula (11), which is just equall 10 the Formuls (7), the formula of Mr. Kolubo's wodel(Look at Forma (7) to (11)). Poesia of Preogsit ian as « ane Eff sendt HrarUt Natl Aercaitare Bemrch Caner, nistry of dgraaltare, Forster nd Flere, Taaann 38, foe, secret Soc Gomes op 2 pad (Wfrefuii (1988, 1990) 19 sccount for stochent! fata of Beret eas td | asin tit dapat tft. Met ‘Geeloomert fete ait precio, coma | ‘ation camalnsrcan lan efor. 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Ach ca Ltditiad naan value of ptabicy aneon (8 fee ¢ Lmcepresation tn fe ME U8 lume. 8 ka ane BH cucranged fr 3 gad of eatiecy in the elghe hat ot cate, Approved For Release 2000/08/15 : CIA-RDP96-00792R000400390001-1w Approved For Release 2000/08/15 : CIA-RDP96-00792R000400390001-1 Lite’, the top figure, vere 24 cases, 23.3 %, followed by 21 Saeems 20-4 %, of "hunch and imprassion’. The third figure was "aeaing apparition or peychie phenouwna related to the dead or dying person,’ having 14 cases, “13.6 % ESP Study in t 1g: To effect ciative process, I first Selected 100 stimilus noun vords. In four Poychologiy classes, 209 students in all, 1 other. My experimental plan An ESP Experiment In A Mountain=Top Shigeki Haaio Ragoshime-Keizai University JAPAN ABSTRACT Two different sets of ESP experiment in-a mountain-top giguation were accomplished by the acsociate student members of RPC(Kagoshime-Keizai University Parapsychology Club) and Hagio. The subjects used a deck af Zener cards and Perceptron, a portable-type machine sold for testing ESP. Bach of two experiments was accompnied hy a laboratary—room ESP testing ae a control. In Experiment 1, in the Zener Card series five subjects gompieted 20 runs yielding the deviation +16 in the Mountaintop gonditien on the one hand, and -7 in the Control condition on the other hand, the difference being marginal for statistical, significance. (CRel.79, P=.08) In iment 2, in the on series nine subjects comp. 6 runs giving a score with 36 of extra chance, significant at .01 level, its @ifterence from the Contrel series being significant (P=.05) Oar Fesulte vere oupportive to the hypothesis that mountain-tops geen provided with a proper condition for the manifestation pei. Approved For Release 2000/08/15 : CIA-RDP96-00792R000400390001-1i vr For Release 2000/08/15 : CIA-RDP96-00792R000400390001-1 My Researches on Psi: Stability of ESP Scores;A Behavior ESP Target; Survey~Interview Approach to Spontaneous Pai;Pei in the Associative Process KAGOSHIMA-KEIZAI UNIVERSITY SHIGEKI HAGIO Stability of BSP Scorea: 77 students among others completed four series of card ESP test conducted week by veek in a college Psychology class, 1979. Each series test consisted of 4 runs. These averall scores were positive in a significant level H (v=.08}. Out of six correlative coefficients anong the four |, rir sis series one vas positively signiticant(Ps.03) and another was [7 JH negatively s0(P=.05), while the other tour coefficients had / powitive yet small values, The data also was consideced from pol of another point of view-=“stability of the score in each pate § St subject". The number of those who had a score akove MCB(20) ina telld every series vere 6, that is mich mie then the theoretical gresthts value 3.1, but ineigntficant(cRel.o), coeur Ot An Experiment vith Yehavior ESP Targets: In an attempt to use human behaviors as an ESP target instead of the card figures, I 1, selected four human actions:standing, writing, lying and Fe walking. An experizental ascistant played one randomly-salectedee 10390001-1 Approved For Release 2000/08/15 : CIA-RDP96-00792R000401 PI AULOR-HONE MODELS AND SIGNAL oeTECr LY; Ty TeBoRy RonwEO, HLaeyuK; August 21. 1992 Cierinent at 19th anauel convention of the Japanese Soctoty for Parapsychology. 1966. Sous ‘mtereeting studies have baen done vin the’ theory nas presented. 44 the theory, { nado « n6¥ all-or-none Rode. often called Kokuto's zode), Walch vase 2parancter nodel. 1 nace it for the explanation of observable four vente folloving shat; Mt by pst, atae by pul, Alt by chance, alse by chance. My mudel"& paraactares Pacamoter-i ta a prababiiity that pat fs ReLivated in a trial. Pareaoter-a ty a probability ap "448 on condition that Pui Us activated. We can sasene 4 subject quesses a1 Tandon if bis psi ts not activated, ¥ aes ‘perameter-aode) 18 very useful for analyzing ftatietic date. Bur 1 expand ~ed'ay resdarch field before long, because + sould find that ve could explain those four events by use of another theory, SDT (the Signal Detectivity Theory), Soue Yapertant results so tar (1) A KOLB OP ALL-op-K0HB wopess Old ali-or-none aodels, I-paraneter sodels, can show us better condi= Hone for the detection of pai in statistic oxnerinents, (2) ESTIMATION OF ESP para ‘hich wears subject’ s pet talent, nearly {or provability te trom 1/2 to 1/32, 100390001-1 ed For Release 2000/08/15 : CIA-RDP96-00792R0004 Approvi :Approved For Release 2000/08/1 Approved For Release 2000/08/15 : CIA-RDP96-00792R000400390001-1 (2) gSTIMATION OP PK DATA aga: (L999) contiraed the central ‘tal thaoree for the value of { tn a PE rest vith dlee, and conflzned tvo Important setueptions PP aated bY otubo(i961), Then Haga found chat | nosriy equaled O01 29 4258 1 tn BSP teats. Pron above rosulta, Haga Ans thought tbat tt 1¢ posetble (2 realyte the degital PK comumteation, { agree with bb (y) aDvaNcED WeTBOD Ye can ovaluate valuns of {and a with the Plural Hode Hethoa consider sod by Yokubo(148T, L000). And mayo ve be able to ostinate the Observational Theories, Generally, ve ¢at oblals nore inforaatton fron oxperinen's by using teparsmater rodela than U-paranyier nodels. (8) ROG CURVE OP BSP DATA ‘dn tho SOT, Sakurai, E, (L067) reranalyzed PearcerPratt’s experiaent and cvalunted a value of € a1 0.46, And bo auecested to dray s FOC carve ot it (Gaba), But, hie obtained rovult abeo ean be f1t the TOC eurve introduced from Aiiopvaone sodels in parapaychology. | e4n nat salect one, because the value of 1a very onal. (6) PARADOR OF CONFIDENTIAL, CALL in a theoretical study toe-the, SO. Rokubo(L#08) hes ths relation orvoon tha conticentlal Gal] and tha scaring ratio or the Ct in the fes-Ho ent, The obtained results suggotted that re could nat expect food eaperinental retulte If ve analyzed only vorgohieheconfidentfal eats. ‘And they suggested that vo bad better plan to Lot sxbjectt feel any to tay “Alay confidence” troquently. 0 (1) 4 STRANGE ASSUMPTION tn another teearetical study, Toxnbo(i908) successes to find a euaation to captain that the valve of i wee constant rich the SOT, But. # very strange evuaption vat aesentlal for introdvelng the equation. In the asruxptlor. the ental scale has a unit Like ¢ quantus of nental onersy: /A-RDP96-00792R000400390001-1sary In 1960. ‘Tle soclaay meete month ty at Tokyo University and sponsors an ‘exch December. Ale nial ean Hhewgh micty meetings autract. les than a dozen mebers, this grou IM We connisleved a boauch of Varapsychological Association, since its sgouls and oricnistions are equivalent. Members conduct original research land celtically evaluate each other's ef forts, Koten Negashima hat conducted pal experiments Tor 10 years, using pa- fionis” from hie geriatin payehiatry practice > putlepant, He iamutes ube rates and brain functions with the contest uf the card gueming dice predicung expenments, Although hic eamual colts te0d to be ambiguous reKarding proof of psychic effects, the secciety hops is of the entite (0-year series will generate cleater con. lutions, In 1987, Youhiichi Ro pre- sented a paper, "Processes of Deforma- tion in Spoct-Bendiag Phenomena’ Hiroyuki Sakurai described a method foe applying signal detection theory to research, “Hideyuki Kokubo. de- eae Kn Rt the og Sahu prercutcd « payer “Applica tion of Signal Ivetection ‘Theory to Pai Resourch.” Soji Otani spoke "On the ‘lleet ol External Stimuhis to ESP Score. Nogachimns prownted Paper “On EEG and PK" and Toklki Wada presented “Comparivon of Psi Experience Surveys Between Japan and Hngland.” Japanese theorists are pare ticularly iierested in obwervational the- cries. For example, Hideyuki Kokubo delivered » pape at the 1988 convene Gon entided “On an Experimental Matbod to. frslute, Gece! “Theories.” During that sane yeas Masayuki ital paper iy ewal Net Sad Koton Nageshina presented “On Pui Ability of te Psychopath.” Profesor S.ji Otanl, of the National elonse Aeadenny, is guiding influe ‘ance on the vwciely. Ta 1987, he pre seawed the concention Presidential Ads Sebaaguat, 188 Approved For Release 2000/08/1 Approved For Release 2000/08/15 : C1A-ROPS6-00762R000400390001-1 PARAPSYCHOLOGY IN JAPAN By James MeClenon dress entitled “The Problear uf G44 in Hatapeyehlogy.” Otani has obuerved various Chineto chi gong masters why yitlied Japan. Chi (hi in Japanese) is thougine to ba the anivereal life en ‘ergy that permeates the universe, Chi- ters (Keke In Japanese) elu co be adept a controlling this energy. Ki may have » aighily differ. ut meaning In J ian chi in Chines. This vaBation is derived fram bo cultural and translation diffe ress In Japanese, ki hat diane meanings: denki means elecirichy (den tmesne thunder) amd ten Wweniher (tei nieute. heave times ki, by itself, means “ene Scientifically, ie is difficult 1 define ‘exactly what i is. In Chinese, chi is sometimes translated into Engi a "gas" even though it i thought to be 4 form of energy. Although chi-gong ‘masters are part of the medical exiab- Jishment in wome Chinae hospital, ‘only & few such praciiioners cure thelt clients using this methodology in Japan. rolesior Utani has conducted vari- ‘ous forins of paychical research which ‘have not been published. A number ol years eyo, he conducted 2 survey of Japanese wor widow's experlences, He plied 10) widow in ect preectare of Japan fing sat many repo ‘ed apparitional expeciencre. coineiding wrth thee buvbands Gand during World War Il, About one-third of the 2,200 questionnaires wore returned. Al- though his analysts i alll Lacomplete, tani is categorizing the sype, loth. ing, wctlons wd pasterns In the impree lors, at walla times of inpresion vee. sus time of incident. Although ino cate reveals perfect correspondence botwann sacowil events and the widow's impres- ons, some caues reves! a high degree of coincidence, In a few cases the hus hand, thought to be etd, returned safely, Quant has noted a wide diversity in the manner thae the iden inters pret their experiences. Some regard the ‘pparitional event as extveinely abnor al while others clauify their experi ence ts ordinary. ‘Shunju a a ‘Aboue 13 yeurs ago, Otani conduct an PRP rack tet eit parce f» subouatiag, producing experiment svt which have not been published Three couditiony wae compared: i submerged sub, 2 cinfoced sub and Yand-besed viduation, The found Tide aifereace between the fisting ub and target, But the submerged ayer generated ‘ugnilicantly lower PSP ores, Otani notes that thee may be other variable, such ax distance, and ‘ime. which might have pduved this Aiteronia tfc He drats nn conch sons from thie dita, ‘Tosi Kasahara has been active tranulating parapaychulaylen! works from Engiih into Japanese and gelting stted voluunee published, Ife receuly completed the translation of Maral, son's (1987) Modern Miracles ad ‘Stevenson's (1987) Children Who Rel member Pravious Liver, We edited vole Sui Me Senos Charting Zon. ski (Tha Dallfatd of Pa History of AM the Debates in. Parapsychology) ‘was published by Teiboosha {ni 41907, Kasalura is presently edling an transiting a eallerton of ricer for 4 book ented Turuenitne (The Bue fivencis Problem) to be printed by Publishers A Tew yours ago, Dr. Kasahara vis. ued, Scoul, Korea, to inveatigate. Christian psychic surgeon, Mrs. Ki Mrz. Kim seemed to ald patients by Hipping ut thei, cancerous grits with ler bore hands, Kasibiara returns ed from Korea with a videotape sup- plied by Mrs. Kim's organization (ay. Korean translator sefected w it as the “Secing-Hearing-Feeling Chueh"), as wall as tepca produced by himsell dure ing his own visit, From the videotape supplied by hor organisation, it ape pears that Mr. Kim makes incisions {nto some of her pasient’s bodies, in. ‘manner that would seemingly (normal- Iy) cama harm Cancerous growth are sometimes literally (appareutly) wr Dr“ McOlenon fo the Depatowat of Social Seieneen.at Blebeth (Sip Rive Toe vnlty ta North Caran, /A-RDP96-00792R000400390001-1out of patients bodiea Although the medical value of her interventli Could not be established by Kasahara investigation, er organization calm that her treatments arc highly effec~ tive. The arganization’s videotape shows cages it which pation? prgress owned complete recovery is docurtet~ ced ewer time, Kasahara’ private video- tupe does not show Mrs, Kits making fncius, which muggests that she docs fo regulary engage i hin prac. She appeared to be rymbolcally creal- ing patients by applying amall band- age Tulle about hh cas wh» orcan colleague at my universty, Dr Wou Jung Jo Apparently, Mw Kine has gained degree of fare threwgh- ‘out Korean ond even x Korean church group in Di. Jus neighborhood, in Roviuih, Virginia, has wen her video- tape. Although Dr. Ju noted that = small percentage of religious Boreas heieve in her ability, he fesls that rnost Keareans. are bighly skeptical. Drs Jo now of ne focal acca iaventiga- tion of her organitation’s cla "The society Keeps abceat of research developments ia other countries, Taka thi Ola, a igh scwol English ietrue- tur, regularly paraphrases Western re- ports for the monthly mectings of the evict. He is presently reading Margins of Realty by Jatin and Dunoe (1987) Sind will be reviewing this book ut a Imceting hit summer. Shigeki Hagio plcientad @ paper, "Recent Researches 1 Parapeychology In USA” at che 1987 nual convention in Yotsuya, Tubyo. ‘Various other tulividuals borides the mambers of the Japanese Soci for Parpychology, “have conducte poychical reearch in Japan. Profesor ‘ok! tas dune a remote viewing ex- ernment at Chubu Univesity. Hirai Motoyama, founder of the Innitwte for Religious Prychology, hat conducted « longterm research program, seeking {erret out the relationship between yoga, meridians aud chi energy. He uses Somplen equipment to monitor clcte- fal body functions and believes his dats, analyred by computer, reflect pervonalty charscteratics, at well at potential medical disorders. Motoyaun, ‘Shinto priest, advocates a. religio tation, position which af “ Approved For Release 2000/08/1 fects his theoretical formulations and arouses suepicion among. scientifically oriented observers, Vasious new reli- slows groups, which have sprung up nee World War TT, alw present many claims regarding paranormal teats. Some organizations adyocatc secular ideologion, somewhat scientific in ori- enlation, raller thea religious tare “the Japanese uedia ploy a signifie cant tle in shaping toe publ im: pressions of the eccult. A famour Japa- neve actor, Tetwira Tanba, had a near- death experience; afterward, be took in produeing a movie about the Nafter-death” world. His fame and popularity have increased even more fines he devoted time toward dimen inating Ifeafter-death informavon. ‘Masuaki Kiyoca, the Japanese metal bender, has starred in fictional movie, written a book aul appeared on v7 ‘out television programs. Although, In 1906, he wemed to acknowledge on ‘TV that hr used trickery, a degree of controversy surrounds this incident and he danies “confessing” in the manner Portrayed. Te clsime his “dtclosure”™ war produced through creative edie ing. Duriag the early 1900s, Professor Otani conducted s oprae of expesi- ments with Musuaki Kiyots, attenpt- {ng to ducusnent his peychokinetic able ity on videotape. Otani videviaped varigus events which suggest that tome ‘of Koyota's perlormances are authen- tie, One tape shows Kiyoia directing his efforts toward specially-tagged spoon which hie heen clamped snto ponition. On various vicasions, the tpoon's head slowly, but, markedly, {wint, without being touched, Otani was prowent during these experiments and carefully inspected the spuoas both Uelove and after videotaping, Since the spoons! iagt are clearly dlscernibie in these segments, it would soem that the test spoons could not have been tam pened with oF ewitched. Otani hopes to Produce a “perfect” segment of video- tape, one in which he demonstrates his precautions and procaluses, both be fore and after the filming of the sul- tects effor, Jopan is presently experiencing form of cult boom, Fortune telling asiology sand tarot earde are alvo ate teacting interest, especially among young ils, Some people are alo studying ane advocating Chinese munt- cerology and forwune telling technique, ‘using the year, month, day and time af fone bith, Divivatons based on the seritng of the characters in one’s nate Inake. thew calelatlons even mote emsplex, A all, but growin 2§- rent of young people has become i terested in stories about faiies (taken from ie European archetype, rather than Japanese follore). ‘Various popular magazines support belief in the paranormal, One publica tion, Afu, wlivwe name i derived fedm the "Pacific version of the Jost cone tment of Atlantis, has a monthly cix- culation of about 301,000, ‘Tutight Zone and. AZ also attract ts attention of thove intareied in the paranormal. "Television programm, although not cotifcally orlented, have, presented [1- formation regarding hauntings in Japan Increasing conceru with the occult thse stimulated critical activists to be+ ‘come more viible. Although this move- rant may be an indication that Japa- nese skeptics «1c beginning to take the pouty of ESPs exislence more feriously, 1 kuow of no ovidence #ug- ing. ‘that the Japanese scinifis Commuuity harbors greater tnlerdnce to parascentifc claims than do West- cer went, {t may be that they are ‘more willing to investigate physiologi- al phenomena amoeated with altered ‘mental state, since some investightore Thave conducted experiments with In- dividuals clang special uc selevivion program, part of the series "SeienceQ," a weekly education- wl ducumentary, prevented © program that attracted ‘great. Interest ainong Japanese parapeychologiats. The pro ram showed various feats performed by « Aiko saaster from China, Dr. Yu Yong Chang. Under the auperviion of acudunic researchers, the mfaster caused paralyzed childsen to move theie limb, He sli affected a eancdle’s flame ‘under uncuurolled condition /A-RDP96-00792R000400390001-1I Approved For Release 2000/08/15 : CIA-RDP96-00792R000400390001-1 but 1 believe most Western parapry- chologists would dlsagres with them). Jajunese investigatocs elaimed that the not volume and heat in she master’s is inamuned when Ie attempted to radiate energy. A profestor from Toho- bu Univetsty used a apeetal device to sucanmng vatutauey low levels af paton, cewissionn (light); he determined that te Keho master could endinte such en- crgy i au unusual, and perhaps anom slows, tnuaner, Although experiments woking to detect special emissions of static electricity, supertoni¢ sounds and lony frequency waves were mot success ful, the sorter wat able to affect the emiscon of infrared light. An EEG analysis of che master’s brain indicated A pattern similar (@ that of an opilep> tie patient, a+ well af changes in alpha patterns, even though n6 unusual be- Staton, daeanans argued regorng the mianing at thew finding One speculated that very” nor, oe ttsaion of the mater rggred od tr eenses Inthe panty sing, the tut own energy: Another ft dic ivory was inadequate, sie he ee beved tn mater vould affect nan se ort De. faiv Kasahara, a member of ie Paraplegia Awociavon, had iy to anon he eos Ver iestmentc om one a Une ep of Dr he morning dun 10 her eveie Lidaey” problens, wat clearly benefited by the kiko master's shorspy. Afior trentment, she arove at a nd beet: far more Sr De. Yu allegedly hay demonstrated tue ality to affect his patients auto- nomic nervous ayes, even when shielded from them, He i quite will ing t0 pariipate in controled experi- ens investigating the posstblty that te can do this at's datane resenechers who are interes ould cutaet me to that T po thei In touch with. Japanese Veiga. Cn rararhan 1 ANE 1. Seay, woggers the (ollowing (1) subjet(s) in the TIS shoutd be young, regulew of 3, have ing 2 high wneiivuy aed having ad sikh experlence with auingenie trae ings (2), the, Inbrentry Stew shielded from electromagneriua; (3) various elements within the mulonomvc drexvous apse sould Ye competently rramired. Ti, Yn wld confentaie Gt plage ule llawatory and fubject(s) in am attempt to cause psye chological fect ‘A taleison program which aired in eauly 1908 any wav affect public pore feptlons of the paranormal. Arles: soul aagiciany, Metihy gave. deanar ations of what he referred ta. a8 ‘pycbukinss” inl “clehisin” He tent spoons, tranctoemed keys made coins seem (0 pass through low ad pesformed mentale fost Although he Beste at Ie was “oon a page” he «did ot explain the mean by which ha accomplited his fea aad uy ob tervers intorpented is peelormanee. as 2 dematatration of pacanoral ably ‘Those familiar ‘with albigh-of-hand sugie would have no elifculties im par Tears by wile Marik Wik feate. Wr portrays himell as + peeformor, rathor dhan an Individual who cequests scientie ine vestigation, and seety cautious in male {ng “ouighe declarations regarding “emagial™ powers. “The members ot the Japanese Soe sieiy for Parupeycholagy reeogsiea the problems that media presentations cre= se foe seontilenly oriented reacsel tou sensi icuested i the oak hat humans radiate special ens ergs awociated with oi, ‘The. prac tieet of acupuncture, shiasu and other erapies bated on Asian ideologies ave prevalent in Japon. ‘They feel that Ghinese ho, & practice amoclated with seemingly poychokintc. performances, may constitu a fru realm forthe acientific investigation of paychic heal ing. Although Chinese rescarchers ine vettigatng Kiko masters tend to accept loowe proofs of "anmaleut” Tent {Japanese scientists demand far dighet level of evidenen. Th main iniares of Jujaiae lnventigators 6 noe whether 4iko masters have special abilities, but the suit ae of the ci. prog ducing observed effects, Alchough abilities may not be related top, ah invenigation of them will contribute to the understanding of hunan physiol Jahn, R.G, and Dunno, BI. (1807). Mar. ‘tins of Realty» Thr’ Rais of Cons vet, Charleville, ‘of Virginia Prev PARAPSYCHOLOGY LIBRARY The Eileen J. Garrett Library of the Parapsychology Foundation, 228 East 7Ist St, New York, N.Y, 10021, is open to studants and research i 1m, 40 4:30 pum, and Tuesday until 8:00 p.m. Friday, from 9 Monday through Jubeaagun, ove Approved For Release 2000/08/1 /A-RDP96-00792R000400390001-1