CEBU INSITITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY UNIVERSITY

DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE

ARCH595
Housing | MODULE 1

Prepared by:

Ar. Mikka Angela T. Mendoza-Macario

OUTLINE OF DISCUSSION

Brief History of Housing

Settlements Planning in the Philippines

Definition of Housing
"decent, affordable housing
should be a basic right for
everybody in this country.
The reason is simple: without
shelter, everything else falls
apart."
BRIEF HISTORY
OF HOUSING
CAVE DWELLINGS
The earliest form of dwellings, fashioned by
nature on cliffs and mountainsides that offered
protection from heat, rain, and wind.
Tabon Cave Complex, Quezon, Palawan

The Tabon Cave in Palawan is said

to have sheltered the earliest men
of the Philippines.
Tabon Cave Complex, Quezon, Palawan
Tabon Cave Complex, Quezon, Palawan
EPHEMERAL DWELLINGS
also known as transient dwellings. The African
bushmen and Australia’s aborigines are
examples of societies whose existence depends
on an economy of hunting and food gathering
in its simple form. Habitation of an ephemeral
dwelling is generally a matter of days.

Negrito-people in lean-to shelter

Lean-To Shelter
Man fashioned the lean-to from a frame made of tree branches
and twigs, and he used leaves and fronds for sidings. Poles held
up the screen at an angle. The lean-to is both a roof and a wall,
protecting dwellers from the heat and the sun.
EPISODIC DWELLINGS
These groups also construct communal housing
and often practice slash-and-burn cultivation,
which is the least productive use of cropland
and has a greater environmental impact than
the hunting and gathering of ephemeral
dwellers.
Inuit Igloo
An igloo is a dome-shaped dwelling made of hard snow known as
pukaangajuq. Historically, it was used by Inuit families and
traveling hunters during the winter season. Commonly, igloos
were about 3 to 3.5 m high and 3.5 to 4.5 m in diameter.
 Chums
Are tents of the Tungus of Eastern Siberia in Russia. The traditional chum consists of reindeer
hides sewn together and wrapped around wooden poles that are organized in a circle. In the
middle there is a fireplace used for heating and to keep mosquitoes away. The smoke escapes
through a hole at the top of the chum. The canvas and wooden poles are usually quite heavy,
but could be carried by their reindeer.
Lapps Tent of Northern Europe
PERIODIC DWELLINGS
Periodic dwellings are also defined as regular
temporary dwellings used by nomadic tribal
societies living in a pastoral economy. This type
of housing is reflected in the yurt used by the
Mongolian and Kirgizian groups and the
Bedouins of North Africa and western Asia.
These groups’ dwellings essentially
demonstrate the next step in the evolution of
housing, which is linked to societal
development.
Yurt
A portable round tent.
Traditional yurts consist of
an expanding wooden
circular frame carrying a
felt cover. The felt is made
from the wool of sheep. The
wood to make the external
structure is not to be found
on the treeless steppes.
SEASONAL DWELLINGS
are described as reflective of societies that are
tribal in nature, seminomadic, and based on
agricultural pursuits that are both pastoral and
marginal. Housing used by seminomads for
several months or for a season can be
considered semisedentary and reflective of the
advancement of the concept of property, which
is lacking in the preceding societies.
 Hogans
traditional dwelling and
ceremonial structure of the
Navajo Indians of Arizona and
New Mexico. Early hogans were
dome-shaped buildings with
log, or occasionally stone,
frameworks. Once framed, the
structure was then covered with
mud, dirt, or sometimes sod. The
entrance generally faced east,
toward the rising sun, and was
usually covered with a blanket.
Except for a circular opening in
the roof to allow smoke to
escape, traditional hogans were
without windows or interior
divisions.
PERMANENT DWELLINGS
The homes of sedentary agricultural societies,
whose political and social organizations are
defined as nations and who possess surplus
agricultural products, exemplify this type of
dwelling. Surplus agricultural products allowed
the division of labor and the introduction of
other pursuits aside from food production;
however, agriculture is still the primary
occupation for a significant portion of the
population.
 English Cottage
Some of the characteristics of
an English Cottage are:

Thatched roof
Half-timbered
Leaded windows
Stacked chimneys
Steeply pitched roof
A beautiful garden
URBANIZATION
Urbanization is often defined as the development of cities relative with the
increase of its population.
shelter + protection

comfort
SETTLEMENTS
PLANNING IN
THE PHILIPPINES
 PRE-COLONIAL TIMES
They were formed for security, or to be close to critical resources like food and
water. Most settlements were riverine or coastal in nature.
 PRE-COLONIAL TIMES
The community unit was the barangay, consisting of 30 to 100 families.
 SPANISH COLONIAL TIMES
In 1573, Kung Philip II proclaimed the Laws of the Indies that established
uniform standards and planning procedures for colonial settlements
Plaza Complex
The church
The municipio
The marketplace
Elementary school
The homes of the principalia
AMERICAN PERIOD
The American agenda

Guide urban growth and physical

development

Put emphasis on sanitation,

housing and functional
improvements
Burnham's Plan of Manila
Grand avenues and a strong
central civic core
Included a civic mall to
house national buildings
Fronted Manila Bay in the
same way that most City
Beautiful plans fronted a
large body of water
DEFINITION OF
HOUSING
"A house is not a home unless it
contains food and fire for the
mind as well as the body."

Housing is an important element of the overall

quality of life in a community, and planning for
housing is an essential component of a
comprehensive plan because of the close
relationship between housing, land use, and the
need for public services.
Benjamin Franklin
 structure

process sector
A multi-dimensional concept relating to the
process of residing and the objects of dwelling
whose main attributes are location relative to
access to livelihood, tenure arrangements, cost
and physical structure, as well as their
environment;

R.A. 11201- Department of Human Settlements

and Urban Development Act
A physical structure as well as a social structure,
functioning at different spatial scales from
homes, neighborhoods, communities,
municipalities, cities, provinces, and regions;
and

R.A. 11201- Department of Human Settlements

and Urban Development Act
A sector of the economy, an important category
of land use in both urban and rural areas,
especially in cities, and is an important factor in
the overall dynamics of the urban system.

R.A. 11201- Department of Human Settlements

and Urban Development Act
END