JAVA :- PRE COLONIAL TIMES TO

POST COLONIAL TIMES

❑ PROVIDED A HABITAT FOR VARIOUS INDIGENOUS COMMUNITIES

WHO RELIED ON THEM FOR THEIR LIVELIHOOD, INCLUDING
HUNTING, GATHERING, AND FARMING

❖ JAVA WAS ONCE COVERED WITH DENSE TROPICAL

RAINFORESTS

➢ HOME TO A DIVERSE RANGE OF

FLORA AND FAUNA.

o JAVANESE PEOPLE HAD A DEEP SPIRITUAL

CONNECTION WITH NATURE AND PRACTICED
SUSTAINABLE FOREST MANAGEMENT TECHNIQUES
 DUTCH COLONIZATION :
THE DUTCH EAST INDIA COMPANY (VOC)
COLONIZED JAVA IN THE 17TH CENTURY,
PRIMARILY FOR ITS ABUNDANT NATURAL
RESOURCES, INCLUDING TIMBER.

- THE DUTCH ESTABLISHED LARGE PLANTATIONS, FORESTS WERE CLEARED TO MAKE WAY FOR
PARTICULARLY FOR CASH CROPS LIKE COFFEE, EUROPEAN-STYLE AGRICULTURE, LEADING TO
TEA, AND SUGARCANE, RESULTING IN THE DISPLACEMENT OF INDIGENOUS
DEFORESTATION AND LAND CONVERSION. COMMUNITIES AND LOSS OF BIODIVERSITY.
INDUSTRIALIZATION AND MODERNIZATION :
➢ DURING THE 19TH AND 20TH CENTURIES, JAVA
WITNESSED RAPID INDUSTRIALIZATION AND
MODERNIZATION UNDER DUTCH AND LATER
INDONESIAN GOVERNANCE.

❑ FORESTS WERE FURTHER CLEARED FOR LARGE-SCALE

COMMERCIAL LOGGING, MINING, AND URBANIZATION.

❖ THE EXPANSION OF TRANSPORTATION NETWORKS,

SUCH AS RAILWAYS AND ROADS, FACILITATED THE
EXTRACTION AND TRANSPORTATION OF TIMBER AND
OTHER RESOURCES FROM THE FORESTS.