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    2010 Chemistry Essay English

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    Velo

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Periodic Table is provided on page 13. Use of calculators is not allowed. PART A - Structured Essay (Pages 2-7) Answer ail the questions on this paper itself. ‘Write your answer in the space provided for each question. Please note that the space provided is sufficient for the answer and that extensive answers are not expected In answering questions 3 and 4, you may represent alkyl Groups in a condensed manner. HOW Lo $£ HC —C— may be shown as CHCH,- HOR PART Band PART C- Essay (pages 8-13) Answer four questions selecting two questions from each part Use the paper supplied for this purpose. At the end of the time allotted for this paper, tie the answers t0 (b) and V aretwo elements inthe same per (© ole where the tome umber fis eae eee nuumber of ¥. The chlorides thatare formedby X andy the maximum numberof chlorine toms are XCI, ang vat (Write the chemica! symbols of X and ¥, Xin ‘Name the shapes of XCl, and ¥CI, molecules. XC Fn YO, fs Gi) XCi, reacts with VEE, forming the compound 2 Dig tess eZine oxahentso sont (iv) Name the shapes (spatial arrangement of bonds) aun Xand ¥ inthe molecule Z. x ¥ GS maty) (6) Write the type of bond if any, and the type of imermeolecuar force if any (from those given in the table), present nea ‘of the substances indicated in the table below. three parts A, B and C together so that Part A is on top and hand 7 f ype of bosd them over to the Supervisor Substance on pol ‘You are permited to remove omly Parts B and C of the question eovsientnomeola) dissed, paper from the Examination Hall covatent) | nyéogen bod ‘Take Universal gas constant, R = 8.314 JK* mol! and — ‘Avogadro constant N, = 6.022 10! mot (i) | loging (solid) (iy | Carbon terachovorde guid) A-STRUCTURED E PART. uct ‘SSA ini) [Argon (liquid) “Reser all four questions on this paper Wseif, Each question (iv) Sodium hyde Gali carries 10 marks. (6) [ Sulphur dioxide (eas) Cr 1. (a) The following questions are based on the first 18 elements in the periodic table (i) Identify the two elements that form the bond with the highest ionie character .esennnnsne AN sr (ii) Identify the element that forms the most stable diatomic molecule. a (ii) Kdentty tve element that has the highest frst ionization energy. nn (iv) Identify two elements that form eleetron-defieient com POUNES. re snnsnen aM sc {¢v) Identify the element that has the highest melting point. (vi) Identify the gaseous element that can be used as a fuel (vii) There are seven consecutive elements where the maxi ‘mum oxidation number of each element increases by one, when moving sequentially from the firs to the seventh elements, identify the first and the seventh clements in this sequence of elements FFirSt cesnsneninesoneno Seventh (Gili) Identify one metalic etement that is responsible for hardness in Water (3.3 marks) Ne be 2. (a) Analloy contains cements Mg and Al. The minimum vole ‘of 3.60 mol dm? HCI that is required to completely dissohe sample of the alloy of mass 0.396 g is 10.0 em’. Cakeoat ‘the mass percentage of Mg in the allay. (Me= 24.41 th ——, (soma! Sketch below, the variation ofthe compress, factor with pressure for an ideal gas. Indicate same diagram, the expected variation for 87 (b) Gt Compressibitity factor Pressure 4 gg Sutervo reasons forthe dferencein the sketches you drew forthe two types of gases, At300K an at 3.0% 10° Nm, gs exists ina vss A pavolume of 20 7 At 300 K and a $.0% 10° Nm, ig 3 exists in a vessel with a volume of 3.0 m. The Geese are connected allowing the two gases to mix Completely. During the mixing, no chemical reactions ceur. Further, the temperature and the total volume of the two gases remain unchanged, Assuming the ideal gas iehaviour, Calculate the following LL the total pressure in the connected vessets. IL the panial pressure of gas B mn the connected vessels ‘when the temperature of the gas mixtures increased 10350 K maintaining the total volume of the two vessels the same. 3 0) Draw the structure of 2-methylpropene Draw inthe box sures inthe boxes P and Q respectively, the sutu fhe ajor roc andthe nor product formed Wen isadéed to 2methypropene _ © Minor product we & Salty - Pest Paper 2010- Ages (idPropose a mechanism for the addition of HBr to 2-methylpropene, explaining way the structure drawn tnbox Pis the major product. [fat : Im answering this Part utilize your knowledge of the mechanism of ‘addition of HBr to pragpene, and the stability of carbocations J (3.5 marks} {b) Compound A (molecular formula, C,H, 0). exhibits optical isomerism, itreacts with acidic K,Cr,0, & room temperature and gives a carboxylic acid, () Draw possible structures for in the boxes given below. a | (ii) Compound A when heated with cone, H,SO, gives com pound 5 {molecular formula, C,2,.. a Compound 8 also exhibits optical isomerism. Draw the structures of A and B in the relevant boxes. — — a (iii) When B is reacted with HBr,compound € is obtained ‘as the major product. Compound C when reacted with alcoholic KOH gives compounds D and &. Compounds Band B are structural isomers of B. Draw the struc tures of C, D and E in the boxes given below. B 1 —1 | | c D E (jv) Both compounds D and = when reacted separately with il 11,80, give the same compound F. Compound F is fa structural isomer of A. Draw the structure of F in the box even below ro 7 Ld (6.5 marks) 44. (a) Consider the reaction scheme given below. oe iN, ()Benzaléchyé aceon pts Pa Opec eg g @rrio oN; Bry Fe J, Reaction 2 R Sadeepa Publisher (Draw the structures of compounds P, and B in the — boxes givenbeiow. [ pare tor gu Universal gas constant, R = 8.314 JK mot ang Ay ) | L it Nj = 6022 x 10° mal! Cony 4 L — ———_—— Q z 5. (a) Calculate the enthalpy change for the reaction, ~~ an “ . . 2Mg(s) + Og) —» 2MgO(s) di) W i ie(s) + Ox) 201s) . Gi) the reagents, X and ¥ in the boxes given below. at 25°C , using the thermochemical data given below, [— — At 28°C, Bond dissociation enthalpy of O,(8) = 498 nos L First electron affinity of O(g) = -i49 mat x ¥ ‘Second electron affinity of O() = BKM Enthalpy of sublimation of Mg (s) = 148mg! ‘Classify the reactions labelled as Reaction J and ;, ; First ionization energy of Mg(g) = 738m! Reaction 2, as nucleophilic substitution (5,). electrophilic substitution (S,), nucleophilic addition Second ionization energy of M(B) = M51 (A, selectrophitic addition (A), or acid-base reaction (Ay). Latties energy of MgO(®) Fim pnteadation A) (60nais Reaction I | Reaction? J (6) The followine equilibrium exists between A) andi ; , ; Sm above 3007C. Aiv) Recalling the reaction of aliythalides with KCN, write emperatures 25006 the structure of the product obtained when compound 258) P reacts with CH,Br. (2.5 marks) (i) 0.45 mol of A(g) were initiatly placedin arigid cle vessel of volume 4,157 dmv. The vessel was then ext to 327°C to achieve the above equilibrium. Thetoal pressure of the contents of the vessel was then fun! (b) Using only the chemicals and reagents given in the list propose synthesis of the following compound. e ae 59.00 10" Naw! Cy “0 = CH CHL Cs Calculate the folowing List of chemicals and reagents = 1. thetotal number of moles ofthe two gases ghd , Be) at equilibrium (CH, CHO, PBs, Mg, ether, dil H, SO, scat Mee 1 ee hp 30M [Nab He KiC50> cone $0. cauilibeium i 7 maxis) i an eqilibiom constants K, and K, forest equilitriu o Conpette towing raion ane, wig ac wansetnoeel structures of eompounds in the boxes and the reagents in ea ee ecg 8 circles. : temperature. The amount of A(g) after equi reached, isx mol more ghan the amount of A(g) at present in the vessel before the adition of (8) DS a mathematical expression forthe new part P= of A(g) in te vesse! in terms of x. (This oP stlould not contain symbols other than x) ons! éy Consider the racton, X(eq)+ Y(ag) > Zlea- King ‘obtained for different initial concentrations of hare ‘¥(q) in the reaction mixture are given inthe! ae Experiment{femperature /| initial concentration! Iti number c ‘al de? | old [Ren [ea oed 1 x [10 [oso] - oa 2 30 | 0.50 | 030) - be} 3 36 0.50 | 1.0 4 | 30 0.50 | 1.0 s 30 0.50 6 50 0.50 ‘Experiments number ¢and 5 were conducte in °F suttance : | mathematical expression for the rate ofthe above o Wem a terms ofthe concentrations of X(aq) and ‘Y(aq) arte the order of the above reaction with respect with (eet ap each reactant X(aq) and ¥(aq) at 30 °C. repeat inital rat ofthe above reationat 30°C, when A nitiat concentration of X(aq) is 0.50 mol dm? and the Pri eoncetration of ¥(aq) is 2.0 mol dn? pwaatsthe role of (aq) inthe reation, Klaq)+ Ytaq) > Zag)? ) shh the energy versus reaction coordinate curve forthe (" Sedetermining sep ofthe reaction in the absence of On thesame diagram, sketch the curve for the reaction that eccursinthe presence of D. Label the aves and both eurves clearly in your diagram, {s)How would you explain the result ofthe intial rate of experiment number 6 in comparison with that ofthe initial tne of experiment number 3°? (6.0 marks) (4) @ Consider the solutions P,Q. and $ given below, that have been prepared at 25°C P:100.0.cm3 of 0.086 mo! se? CH,COOLL, Q Mixture of $0.0 em of 0 U54 i961 im? CH,COOH and $0.0 em? of 0.2000 min! din? HCL 8: Misture of $0.0 em? of 0.020 mol dam? HCL and 50.0.em? of 0.022 mol gan? NaOH $8: 100.0 en? of 0.086 mot dnv? NaOH. The dissociation constant, K, of CH,COOH and the lonie product of water, K, at 23 °C are 1.8. 10 mot dan? and 1.0 10 mold’, resp vely 1 Calculate the pH of solution P, solution Q and soia tion R, Stare assumptions, if any, you used in each of the Calculations, 1 Indicate how you could prepare a buffer solution by using two of the solutions from among P, Q, R ands, 1 Youare provided with avery dite aqueous solution of an acid-base colour indicator. ‘Very dilute aqueous solutions of HCI and NaOH together with facilities 10 Measure pH of a solution are also provided. Briefly describe how you would determine the ‘olourchanging pll range of this indicator. Figures 1 and 2 show pH - titration curves for titra ons of two acid/base pairs, A list of indicators With their colour changing pH rangges is provided inthe table below. Select from the table, one suitable ‘ndlcator each to be used in cach of the trations 1own in Figres | and 2. ‘Tble: Indicators and ther pl ranges toscana pi lczze rl 7. (@)Considertne following two electrochemical ceils. Which are ‘operated at 25°C, wn goity aie woe, Sion, Be, BST Cell A Coll B ARSC BY ania 237 V Ei ween 034V 4 Questions (') to (tit) relate to electrochemical cell A. (0) Calculate the electromotive force (c.m.f.) ofthe cel (Gi) State whether tch cell exm.f. would change, ifa 1.0 mol dm? MgSO, solution was used instead of 1,0 mol dar? ‘MgCl, solution in the ell. Explain your answer, briefly i) What isthe function ofthe salt bridge? Give an example of a compound that can be used to prepare the salt-bridge. ‘Questions tiv) and (y) relate to the electrochemical cell Ain whica the two electrodes are connected by = Cx wire, (iy) State which electrode would function as the cathode. (¥) Write balanced equations forthe following. 1. Cathodic reaction ML anodic reaction ML, overall cell reaction Questions (vi} to (vill) relate to the cell arrangement where the Cu cod and the Mg rod in cell A are connected respectively to electrode E and electrode F in cell B, using Cuewires, (vi) Which electrode would behave asthe cathode in cell B? (vi) Write balanced equations forthe reactions taking place atthe following electrodes. 1. electrode E I. electrode F Ifthe current circulating in the cei arrangementremains constant, state the change you would expect in the amount of product formed at electrode F ina given time interval, when 1. the areas of both electrodes i and F are increased, IL the concentration of H,SO, in cell Bis increased, wii (75 marks) @p 25°C, an aqueous solution of AgNO, of concentration 0,050 mol dm was slowly added 1 a 100.0 en aqueous solution that contained CI at a concentration of 0.0020 mo! dmv and Br ata concentration of 0.0010 mol dim? (i) Calculate the minimum concentration of Ag" ions required in solution to initiate the precipitation of ApBr. (Gi) Calculate the maximum concentration of Br ions that ould remain inthe soltion when AgClbepis to pccipitat. (Gi) Siate assumptions, if any, you used in the above caleulations. (Gv) In qualitative analysis, once Cr ions are precipitated as AgCl, its solubility is tested using aqueous ammonia, Briefly explain the chemisty behind ths process using suitable chemical equations. leraperature, solubility product of AgCI = 1.7.x 10 solubility product of AgBr = 5.0 x 10° ‘mol dm* | ~ ‘mol dims (TS macs PART C. ESSAY . ‘Answer two questions only. (Each question carries 1S marks.) 5. (@) The lowing questions are based on the oxides ofitrogen. (9) Write the chemical formulae and common names of five ‘oxides of nitrogen where the oxidation numbers ofnitrogen ae different rom one another. Give the oxidation number of nitrogen in each oxide you identified. Indicate whether each oxide s acidie, basic of neural (i Indicate how any three of the oxides listed in(f) above can be prepared in the laboratory. (Gii)Draw the resonance structures ofthe oxide of nitrogen ‘Where the oxidation number of nitrogen is +1 (iv) Give two oxides ofnitrogen which have unpairedelecrons at room temperature and atmospheric pressure. Sate the chemical change that would take place when these oxidesare cooled. (60 marks) (b) The 34 block element M forms a compound A, wh the formula 2MXO,.AM(OH),. Here, the clement X bel to the p block. The compound A reacts with cone. ICI to give a colourless, odourless gas B and a yellovs coloured solution C. When A reacts with dil Heh, gives colourless, odourless gas Banda green coloured solution D containing two complex ions of M. When solution Dis ilued with woter.a light blue coloured sotetion is formed ‘When a small amount of HOH isaddedto Ea blucesloued gelatinous precipitate Fis formed. F dissolies in excers NHOH togive adsrk blue coloured solution G, When si tion E is treated with excess KI. the precipitate MI and fodine are formed as the only products (Identify the elements Mand X. (ii) Givethe electronic configuration of M. (Gi) Give te common oxidation numbers of M. tn has iv) Write the formulae ofthe ionic species responsible for the colours ofthe following solutions and give their IUPAC rans. 1. solution © H. solution D ML solution E, IV. solution G (0) Identify the gas B and the precipitate F. (vi) Give the balanced chemical equation forthe reaction of solution E with excess KE. }Jsing the reaction of E with Ki, state the steps involved inthe experimental determination of the mass percentage of Min asample of A provided. Indicate how you would calculate the mass percentage of M from your experimental data. (vil) Write separate balanced chemical equations forthe reactions of Mf and X with hot cone. H,S0,, (@) Whencommon salts of Mare heated with certain easily ‘oxidizable compounds under Sasie conditions, M,C is precipitated. Write e balanced haif reaction for this process and give ore important use ofthis reaction. Give two important commercial uses of M. (9.0 marks) &) ee, | a their nitrates. The tests performed with sone Ra together with their observations are given below: (1) Excess NOI was added to solution P, (2) The filtrate from test (1) was acidified with dil 4Ct. (3) NHOH was addeddropwise to the filtrate from test (2). white precipitate Gan il. NaOH) was forme white precipitate (ing, indi. NO.) sas fom white precipitate was hich dissolved on f ation of NEOH. Identify the metal ions in solution P. Identify the white precipitates formed in and (3). Gi) Give the observations that are expected when he precipitates of tests (1) and (3) are subjected to, block test in the presence of cobalt nitrate. (iv) Give the balanced chemical equation for the recon the white precipitate formed in test (1) with it Nao {b) An aqueous solution Q contains two anions as thet sod salts. The tests performed with solution @ together wis their observations are given below. #23 (1), Test Observation (A) A solution of BaC, wasadded [A white precipitate (solBen ‘0 solution Q dil, HINO,) was formed. 5S) Acidified KMnO, wasadded |KMnO, solution wis ‘o solution Q. decolourized. (©) Asolution of BaCl, wasadded A White precipitate (isolate w he solution obtained after |in dil HNO,) forming test (5). (7) (7.1) PO(NO,), solution was added to solution Q. (7.2) The solution containing the white precipitate was boiled. (7.3) The mixture from (7.2) was filtered while hot A White precipitate was formed. ‘A portion of the precipitated solved. ‘A White precipitate inthe fen of needles was formed in ie filtrate on cooling. (Identify the two anions in solution (Gi) Identify the white precipitates formed in tests (4) 104 6. Identify the white precipitate formed in the form of needles in test (7.3). (iv) Give the balanced chemical equation fr the reaction test (5) @5ne ©) ‘A sample of haematite are (Fe,0,) containing somes" of Fe,G, and inert material was analysed to determi purity using the following procedure. ‘ ‘An 8.00 g sample of the ore was treated with exes aqueous KI(S0 em’) in an acidic medium to convert ali inthe ore to Fe. The solution was then dite 10 1 cm? When a 26.00 em? portion ofthe diluted soitot titrated with 1.00 mol dm? Na,$,G,, a volume of 24006, was required to reach the end point. Another 2800 © Portion of the diluted solution was shaken thor a ‘CCI, to completely remove the iodine and the TG. solution then titrated with a 1.00 mot dm? KM solution. The end point was reached upon the afdie* 5.29 em? of the KiMaQ, solution Sadeepe Publisher Q.10 TIL Chemistry = Post Paper 1000-280" fons forthe reactions of (0, Wie balanced cme Sassi iodide acide © Only Use this page to answer question Number {0 of ART C. ars ith aqueous Po ‘(Question Number £0 is not compulsory), “DF Fe,0, 10. (b). 1) FeO, 1 FO. ne ore @ cate mass peste fF the or feose 8 ‘noma Al {viscosa} 10. (a) Gases emitted from motor vehicles is one of the major 1 omees of ar pollution vateont 04 () List sx potluants present in motor vehicle emissions | 1 per ro mt a : C3 responsible for acid ain. dl — / : Gipladeate briefly how the two polltants stated in (i) > ‘above are formed during the combustion process, Gv) Name two pollutants among the answers given in (i) above. responsible for the greenhouse effect, c

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