Russel Meledath - Portfolio - Sustainable Design - Autumn Semsester

ADVANCED Russel Meledath
SUSTAINABLE DESIGN
PORTFOLIO
Documentation of an intricate sustainable design development pro-
cess for the extension and evolution of the Attenborough Nature Centre in
Nottingham, UK.
2023 AUTUMN SEMESTER
1
PROLOGUE
This project offers an
opportunity to improve the
existing facilities and to
add a new building/exten-
sion to support the provi-
sion of additional area for
existing and new require-
01 SITE
ANALYSIS 02 PROJECT
INTRODUCTION
ments. Given that the Na-
ture Centre is a beautiful, 1. The Site - Attenborough Nature reserve - 5 1. The Design project - 25
iconic building but is now
too small for require- 2. Attenborough Nature centre - 6 2. Division of spaces - 26
ments and with an ineffi-
cient internal layout, any 3. Site Climate Analysis - 8 3. Design Layout considerations - 27
addition to the site should
be sensitive to the existing 4. Solar geometry & Seasonal shadows - 9 4. Precedent Study 1 - 28
design and must consider
its impact onthe wildlife 5. Sky cover range - 10 5. Precedent Study 2 - 29
habitat.
6. Wind direction & Intensity - 11 6. Building on Water - 30
7. Wind velocity - 12 7. SWOT Analysis - 31

8. Radiation Range - 13 8. Existing Building Redesigned - 32
9. Temperature Range - 14
CONTENTS
10. Monthly Diurnal averages - 15
11. Relative Humidity - 6
12.. Psychrometric charts analysis - 17
13. Design Guidlines - 18
14. Flood risk assessment - 21
15. Public transporatation - 22
16. Demography & Crime - 23

2
03 THE DESIGN
PROCESS 04 THE FINISHED
DESIGN 05 INDIVIDUAL
WORKS
1. The Vision - 34 1. Visual balance - 63 1. Research Lab (Indepth anlysis) - 72
2. Design Inspirations - 35 2. Visualisations - 64 2. Trials - 73
3. Design Implementation - 36 3. The physical model - 67 3. Ventilation - 79
4. Day light & Shadow study - 37 4. Early Ideas comparison - 69 4. Solar shading calculation - 80
5. Interconnectivity of spaces - 38 5. Design Achievements - 70 5. Seasonal Strategies - 81
6. Form Iterations - 40 6. Interiors - 82
7. Shading size & Strategies - 43

8. Natural ventilation Analysis - 44
9. Daylight factor Analysis - 45
10. Developing the Masterplan - 46
11. Detailed floor Plan - 48
12. Seasonal Strategies - 51
13. Noise levels & Acoustics - 53
14. Desigining the Thermal - 54
15. Energy balance Analysis - 58
16. Dynamic Thermal Perfomance - 61

3
CHAPTER ONE:
SITE ANALYSIS
In this chapter, we conduct an in-depth examination of the site where the design is to be im-
plemented. We delve into a detailed analysis of the climate, transportation, geology, and demogra-
phy.
4
THE SITE
Welcome to - ATTENBOROUGH Size
NATURE RESERVE
Attenborough Nature Reserve Meadow
Lane
Beeston
Pond
220 hecters
Entry Fee
Nottingham NG9 6DY

Free Access
No
Sand
rth
Pa
th
Parking Information
52.9013° N, 1.2336° W Martins Car Parking,
9AM - 8PM
Gravel
Path
Processing Plant The
The
Delta
Delta
Delta
Sanctuary
Sanctuary Grazing Animals
Sheep and Cattle
Attenborough
Station
Walking Trails
t
Tren
Works
Pond
Throughout the Site
r
Rive
ath
rksP
Wo
Th
eB
un
Access
Glebe
d
Disabled Access
Field
Weir provided
Kingfisher Barton Main
Lane Church
Pond Corbett’s
Pond
Mallard
Pa
th
Meadow Ducks
ch
ur
Ch
M
ai
n
Pa
th
Nature
Tween
Centre
Pond
Key to Habitats Key to Map Symbols
Coneries th
Pond Pa
sh Elevated Bird Hide
Wheatear ar Open Water
Ba
M
Field et
rto
W
nL
Bird Hide
ATTENBOROUGH
an
e
Grassland Sand Martin Hide (New for 2014)

Weir
NATURE CENTRE
Osprey Platform (New for 2014)
Erewash Reedbed
Field Clifton Viewing Screen
Pond
Mud Flats Skylark Nature Trail
Tufted Duck Nature Trail

Woodland
Kingfisher Nature Trail
Unsurfaced Footpath
t
ren
Weir e rT Common Tern Nesting Platform
Riv
Dog Waste Bin
Otters https://www.broxtowe.gov.uk/for-you/parks-and-nature-conservation/walking-and-cycling/attenborough-nature-reserve-walks/
All animal images sourced from - https://www.nottinghamshirewildlife.
SOURCE-GOOGLE EARTH
Situated just 5 miles from Nottingham city centre, Attenborough Nature Reserve is owned and managed by the Nottinghamshire Wildlife Trust. This sanctuary is a diverse blend of lakes, wet-
lands, shrubs, and grassland. Accessible to everyone at no cost, the reserve is renowned for its abundant wildlife, particularly its bird population. With amenities such as a nature center, numerous
bird-watching stations, and running/cycling trails, visitors have the chance to escape the bustling city life and unwind in a tranquil natural setting.
HISTORY OF SITE All images sourced from - https://www.nottinghamshirewildlife.org/
At the end of Ice Age, the River Trent In 1929, commercial Central Electricity Generat- The natural reserve
flooded while depositing crucial gravel from gravel extraction led to island ing Board (CEGB) applied to fill Atten- became the ideal place learn
nearby hills and shaped the site’s development. formation and further devel- borough Gravel Pits with powdered fly about wildlife. Subsequent-
The region featured wet meadows, oxbows, and opment, with deep lagoons ash, but withdrew due to opposition, ly, formal plans for related
organic-mineral deposits, supporting diverse naturally regenerating into and Attenborough Natural Reserve education facilities were
wildlife. pits after extraction. was opened in 1966. developed in 1980s
10,000 YEARS AGO 1929(GRAVEL EXTRACTION) 1969(NATURE CENTRE OPENED) 1980(EDUCATION CENTRE DEVELOPMENT)
5
ATTENBOROUGH NATURE CENTRE
the EXISTING BUILDING ON SITE
“Groundworks Architects were selected by Nottinghamshire Wildlife Trust to design this visitor centre for their At-
tenborough Nature Reserve through a limited competition. The scheme is built on a floodplain and is built on “stilts” to sit
above the 100yr flood level. The client was keen that the building should be an environmental exemplar and it has been
designed to be carbon neutral, in so far as it generates as much power as it uses. The scheme incorporates a large array
of photovoltaics to generate power, takes heat from the lake to heat the building and uses solar panels to preheat the tap
water. Systems in the building have been specified to have low energy and low water usage. The materials in the building
have also been selected to be as environmentally responsible as possible; all timber is from managed sources, PVC usage CAFE SEATING -All images and quoted text sourced from-
has been avoided wherever possible, paint/varnish finishes are kept to a minimum and are to a green specification. The http://www.groundworksarchitects.co.uk/attenborough/
buildings envelope is designed to be maintainance free.”
2 1
SEMI OUTDOOR SEATING

s 3
s 4
s T
ENTRANCE VIEW
5 AREAS
s T 1. Main Entrance
6 2. Reception
8 3. Shop
4. Cafe Seating
9 5. Servery
7 6. conference Room
7. Education Room
8.Kitchen
9.Office
T. Toilets
S. Storages
BUILDING PLAN (EXISTING)

The building follows a linear plan, featuring an entrance
SOLAR PANELS APPROACH VIEW LOUVERED SHADES CLASSROOM that opens directly into the retail store. This area is seamlessly
connected to the café, and a corridor extends from there, guiding
users into the back garden. The corridor is flanked by the remain-
COMPLETION : CONSTRUCTION COST : NATIONAL AND AWARD FOR ing rooms on either side. Notably, the store spaces are separate
MARCH 2005 1.2 MILLION REGIONAL AWARDS SUSTAINABILITY
from the main building and lack direct access to it.
6
-Sketch by Russel Meledath (Author)-
7
SITE CLIMATE ANALYSIS
with CLIMATE CONSULTANT APPLICATION
The annual report on various climatic aspects was generated with the assistance of Climatic Consultant application. Subsequently, the data was categorized into four groups: Spring Equinox,
Summer Solstice, Autumn Equinox, and Winter Solstice. An analysis was then conducted to identify the highest and lowest values for each climatic criterion. It was observed that most factors
related to solar radiation and temperature reached their lowest points during the Winter Solstice, while the majority of these criteria recorded their highest values during either the Spring Equinox
or Summer Solstice.
-All images sourced from-

WEATHER DATA SUMMARY CLIMATE CONSULTANT APPLICATION
SPRING EQUINOX SUMMER SOLSTICE AUTUMN EQUINOX WINTER SOLSTICE
HIGHEST POINT
LOWEST POINT
WINTER SPRING SUMMER AUTUMN
8
SOLAR GEOMETRY AND
SEASONAL SHADOWS
with Drajmarsh Sunpath
MARCH 20,2023 JUNE 21,2023 SEPTEMBER 23,2023 DECEMBER 22,2023
A comparative analysis of the shadows cast
by the existing building at 9:00 AM throughout the
year reveals that the shadows extend towards the
North-West direction. During both Spring and Au-
tumn Equinox, the shadow range is similar, where-
9 AM
as the Summer Solstice exhibits the least shadow
extent. On the other hand, the Winter Solstice dis-
plays a significant shadow depth covering expan-
sive distances.
The shadows cast by the existing building at

12:00 PM throughout the year extend Northward.
Spring and Autumn Equinox show similar shadow
ranges, while the Summer Solstice has the least
and the Winter Solstice has the longest shadows.
12 PM
These shadows, crucial in the design zoning pro-

cess, suggest strategic placement for the new
building to the South-West of the Nature Centre.
A comparative examination of the shadows

cast by the existing building at 3:00 PM through-
out the year reveals that the shadows extend to
the North-East direction. The Spring and Autumn
Equinox exhibit similar shadow ranges, while the
3 PM
Summer Solstice features the least, and the Win-

ter Solstice showcases an extensive shadow span.
9
SKY COVER RANGE ASHRAE Standard
55-2004 using PMV

The sky cover range, meticulously analyzed us-
ing Climate Consultant throughout the year, reveals
intriguing patterns. Notably, the average high and low
remain remarkably balanced during the entirety of the
Summer Solstice period. July emerges with the highest
average, contrasting with November, which records the LEGEND
lowest.
In the realm of seasonal variations, Summer pres-
ents a notably consistent spread in sky cover. However,
during the Spring Equinox period, there is a substantial
fluctuation, with both the highest and lowest averages
occurring in the month of April.
ANNUAL
A discernible trend unfolds as we transition from
the end of the Summer Solstice. The average-mean
gradually decreases, reaching its nadir, only to experi-
ence a slight ascent during the winter period. This nu- HIGHEST POINT
anced observation adds depth to our understanding of LOWEST POINT
the atmospheric conditions across the seasons.
SUN SHADING CHART CLIMATE CONSULTANT APPLICATION
JUNE - EAST WEST DECEMBER EAST WEST
DECEMBER SUMMER SOLSTICE - JUNE SUMMER SOLSTICE

SPRING EQUINOX AUTUMN EQUINOX
WINTER SOLSTICE WINTER SOLSTICE
The Sun Shading Chart covering the period from June to December indicates that no The Sun Shading Chart for the period from December to June reveals the need for some
shading is necessary during this timeframe. In fact, sunlight is essential for warming up the shading, particularly between the Summer Solstice and Autumn Equinox. Consequently, shad-
space. ing can be strategically incorporated on south-facing facades during this timeframe.
10
WIND DIRECTION WINTER SPRING EQUINOX
AND INTENSITY During this period,
South-West winds have the
with SEASONAL ANALYSIS highest intensity and du-
The Annual Wind Chart is overlaid onto the site to illustrate the wind ration, followed by North-
East winds. Orienting win-
direction and its intensity. dows in these directions
allows for effective natural
-All images sourced from- ventilation and cross-ven-
CLIMATE CONSULTANT APPLICATION
JANUARY FEBRUARY MARCH tilation.
SPRING SUMMER SOLSTICE

Throughout this pe-
riod, we observe the wind
initially blowing from the
South-West direction,
shifting towards the North-
West and North. However,
there is a significant de-
cline in the wind intensity
APRIL MAY JUNE during this timeframe.
SUMMER AUTUMN EQUINOX

Observations made
during this period reveal a
dispersion of winds in var-
ious directions. Notably,
the South-West direction
stands out with the high-
ANNUAL WIND CHART est intensity among the
diverse wind patterns ob-
SOURCE-CLIMATE CONSULTANT APP JULY AUGUEST SEPTEMBER served.
It is evident that the wind AUTUMN WINTER SOLSTICE

coming from the South-West di-
rection exhibits the highest in- During this period,
tensity and duration, followed by we notice high-intensity
winds from the North-East direc- winds from the North-East
tion. Orienting windows in align- direction. Given that these
ment with these directions would winter winds contribute to
colder conditions, There-
facilitate effective natural venti- fore, room zoning must be
lation and cross-ventilation. carefully planned to ad-
OCTOBER NOVEMBER DECEMBER dress this aspect.
11
ASHRAE Standard
WIND VELOCITY
55-2004 using PMV
The graph highlights that February registers the
highest average wind velocity. Given that this occurs
in winter, it implies that the wind can contribute to a
colder and less comfortable environment. In contrast,
the lowest average is recorded in September, even
LEGEND though the highest wind velocity is observed during the
Autumn Equinox in October. July marks the period with
the lowest recorded wind velocity. Notably, wind veloc-
ity is at its lowest during the Summer Solstice when
natural ventilation is beneficial for cooling, and con-
versely, it is at its highest during the Winter Solstice,
potentially causing colder conditions than desired.
ANNUAL
HIGHEST POINT
LOWEST POINT
WINTER SPRING SUMMER AUTUMN -All images sourced from-

CLIMATE CONSULTANT APPLICATION
S.E S.S A.E W.S

HIGHEST LOWEST HIGHEST LOWEST
AVERAGE AVERAGE RECORDED RECORDED WIND SPEED
HIGH LOW HIGH HIGH
FEBRUARY SEPTEMBER OCTOBER JULY
In this particu- During this In this particular In this summer

lar month, the South- month, the wind ve- month, the environ- month, despite the
West direction expe- locity is at its lowest. ment experiences the longest duration of
riences the highest Although there is a highest wind velocity, low-intensity winds The chart depicts the wind speed distribution across the year, with red patches high-
wind velocity. Given prevailing wind from marked by noteworthy from the South-West, lighting periods of elevated wind speed, notably during the Winter and early Spring Equinox.
that it is winter, these the North-East di- intensity originating it is recommended to Additionally, it’s evident that wind speed reaches its peak during daylight hours, between
cold winds are not es- rection, the intensity from both the South- orient windows ac- sunrise and sunset on the graph. During hotter seasons, keeping windows open during the
sential in the overall from all directions is West and North-East cordingly for optimal daytime is advisable for thermal comfort and effective ventilation.
design of the building. relatively uniform. directions natural ventilation.
12
RADIATION RANGE ASHRAE Standard
55-2004 using PMV

The graph illustrates that the peak radiation range
occurs during the Spring Equinox and Summer Solstice,
leading to higher air temperatures. Conversely, the win-
LEGEND
ter period exhibits the lowest radiation range, aligning
with lower air temperatures during that timeframe. In
June, the global horizontal and total surface radiation
levels nearly equalize, resulting in identical high and
low recorded values for that month.
A noteworthy trend is observed from the Spring
Equinox onwards, with a gradual increase in global hor-
izontal radiation levels. This trend begins to taper off
after the Summer Solstice, continues to decline over
ANNUAL
the Autumn Equinox period, reaching its lowest point
during the Winter period.
HIGHEST POINT
LOWEST POINT
S.E S.S A.E W.S S.E S.S A.E W.S
GLOBAL DIRECT
HORIZ HORIZ
RADIATION RADIATION
-All images sourced from- -All images sourced from-

CLIMATE CONSULTANT CLIMATE CONSULTANT
APPLICATION APPLICATION
Across the entire year, it is evident that Solar Radiation peaks at 12:00 PM, correspond- Throughout the year, it is noticeable that direct Solar Radiation reaches its peak at
ing to the sun’s highest angle during the daytime. When comparing morning and evening 12:00 PM, aligning with the sun’s highest angle during the daytime. When comparing morning
periods throughout the year, it becomes apparent that radiation levels are higher in the eve- and evening periods across the year, it is evident that radiation levels are higher in the eve-
ning. This is attributed to the atmosphere already being heated, resulting in higher air tem- ning, attributed to the atmosphere already being heated at that time.
peratures during that timeframe.
13
SPRING EQUINOX SUMMER SOLSTICE AUTUMN EQUINOX WINTER SOLSTICE TEMPERATURE
ASHRAE Standard
55-2004 using PMV RANGE
The graph illustrates the temperature variations
CLIMATE CONSULTANT throughout the year, with the highest recorded tem-
APPLICATION perature occurring in August and the lowest in Janu-
ary. Notably, during the winter period, temperatures
LEGEND are significantly lower than the comfort range, indicat-
ing the need for additional heating. Conversely, in the
summer season, the high temperatures fall within the
comfort band. This suggests that, with sufficient venti-
lation, optimal thermal comfort can be attained during
the warmer months.
ANNUAL
HIGHEST POINT
LOWEST POINT
GROUND
ASHRAE Standard
TEMPERATURE 55-2004 using PMV
(MONTHLY AVERAGE)
The ground temperature exhibits its highest
point during the Summer Solstice period and reaches
its lowest during the Winter Solstice period. A discern- LEGEND
ible trend is noted, indicating that during the summer,
the surface-level land has higher temperatures, while
in winter, it is the deeper layers of the ground that are
warmer. This phenomenon is attributed to the rapid
temperature loss near the surface due to conductive
losses, with deeper soil retaining its temperature.
ANNUAL
For systems designed to extract heat from the
ground to warm up a space, it is imperative to bury
HIGHEST POINT
heating coils deeply to maximize heat extraction, es-
pecially during the winter months. LOWEST POINT

14
MONTHLY DIURNAL ASHRAE Standard
AVERAGES 55-2004 using PMV
Examining the graph, it becomes apparent that

the Summer Solstice period displays the most substan- HOURLY
tial contrast between dry bulb temperature and wet bulb AVERAGES
temperature, indicating a period of notably low humidity.
In contrast, the Winter Solstice period stands out with the
highest levels of humidity. Moreover, despite the highest
Direct Normal Radiation occurring in April, the peak in
Dry Bulb Temperature is observed in August, emphasiz-
ing the thermal lag inherent in temperature trends. This
lag showcases the intricate relationship between solar
radiation, temperature, and humidity throughout the year,
underscoring the dynamic nature of climatic conditions.
HIGHEST POINTS
LOWEST POINTS

DRY BULB RELATIVE
TEMPERATURE HUMIDITY
DRY BULB
TEMPERATURE (3D CHART)
WET BULB WET BULB

TEMPERATURE DEPRESSION

CLIMATE CONSULTANT
APPLICATION
15
DRY BULB X WINTER S.E SPRING
The graph highlights
RELATIVE an inverse relationship be-
tween dry bulb temperature
HUMIDITY and relative humidity, where
an increase in one factor cor-
responds to a decrease in the
S.S other. This contrast is most
SPRING SUMMER
pronounced during the Win-
CLIMATE CONSULTANT ter Solstice period. In con-
APPLICATION trast, during the Spring and
Summer periods, these val-
ues overlap, indicating drier
air than usual. Consequently,
during these periods, supple-
A.E W.S
AUTUMN WINTER mental measures like wind
The chart displays the correlation assistance are needed for
between the dry bulb temperature and effective cooling.
relative humidity for each month.
DRY BULB X
WINTER S.E SPRING
The Dew Point rep-

DEW POINT resents the temperature
at which the atmosphere
reaches saturation and can-
not hold more moisture, typi-
cally occurring when relative
S.S
SPRING SUMMER humidity is at 100%. Notably,
from November to February,
the discrepancy between dry
bulb temperature and Dew
Point is minimal, indicating
a higher likelihood of rainfall
during this period.
The chart illustrates the correla- A.E W.S
AUTUMN WINTER
tion between the dry bulb temperature
and dew point for each month.
16
PSYCHROMETRIC CHARTS + DESIGN STRATAGIES
with SEASONAL ANALYSIS
CLIMATE CONSULTANT
APPLICATION
DESIGN During this period, the heating requirements are primarily addressed through various
MARCH - MAY STRATAGIES methods. Passive approaches include Internal Heat Gain, Passive Solar Direct Heat Gain with
Low Mass, and High Thermal Mass, while active strategies involve using heating systems. For
cooling purposes, both sun shading of windows and active cooling methods are employed to
achieve thermal comfort.
DESIGN
JUNE - AUGUEST STRATAGIES
During this period, the heating requirements are primarily fulfilled through three main
methods. Passive strategies include Internal Heat Gain, Passive Solar Direct Heat Gain with
Low Mass, while the active approach involves utilizing active heating systems. Additionally,
protection from outdoor winds plays a role in achieving the necessary thermal comfort.
DESIGN
SEPTEMBER - NOVEMBER STRATAGIES During this period, the need for heating is primarily fulfilled through three methods.
Passive methods include Internal Heat Gain and Passive Solar Direct Heat Gain with Low
Mass, while the active strategy involves using active heating systems. Additionally, wind pro-
tection from the outdoors contributes to achieving the necessary thermal comfort.
DESIGN
DECEMBER - FEBRUARY STRATAGIES
During this period, the need for heating is primarily addressed through three methods.
Passive approaches include Internal Heat Gain and Passive Solar Direct Heat Gain with Low
Mass, while the active strategy involves the use of active heating systems. Wind protection
from the outdoors also contributes to achieving the necessary thermal comfort.
17
DESIGN GUIDELINES (FOR THE FULL YEAR)
CLIMATE CONSULTANT
APPLICATION
based on PSYCHROMETRIC CHARTS
• Glazing should minimize conductive loss • For passive solar heating face most of the • Lower the indoor comfort temperature at
and gain (minimize U-factor) because unde- glass area south to maximize winter sun ex- night to reduce heating energy consumption
sired solar radiation gain has less impact in posure, but design overhangs to fully shade (lower thermostat heating setback)
this climate in summer
• Heat gain from lights, people, and equip- • Keep the building small (right-sized) be- • High Efficiency furnace (at least Energy
ment greatly reduces heating needs so cause excessive floor area wastes heating Star) should prove cost effective
keep home tight, well insulated (to lower and cooling energy
Balance Point temperature)
18
DESIGN GUIDELINES (FOR THE FULL YEAR) PART - 2 -All images sourced from-
CLIMATE CONSULTANT
APPLICATION
• Steep pitched roof, with a vented attic over • Extra insulation (super insulation) might • Traditional passive homes in cool overcast
a well insulated ceiling, works well in cold prove cost effective, and will increase oc- climates used low mass tightly sealed, well
climates (sheds rain and snow, and helps cupant comfort by keeping indoor tempera- insulated construction to provide rapid heat
prevent ice dams) tures more uniform buildup in morning
• Tiles or slate (even on wood floors) or a • Traditional passive homes in cold clear • Sunny wind-protected outdoor spaces can
stone-faced fireplace provides enough climates had snug floorplan with central extend living areas in cool weather (season-
surface mass to store winter daytime solar heat source, south facing windows, and roof al sun rooms, enclosed patios, courtyards,
gain and summer nighttime ‘coolth’ pitched for wind protection or verandahs)
19
DESIGN GUIDELINES (FOR THE FULL YEAR) PART - 3 -All images sourced from-
CLIMATE CONSULTANT
APPLICATION
• Small well-insulated skylights (less than • Organize floorplan so winter sun penetrates • Trees (neither conifer or deciduous) should
3% of floor area in clear climates, 5% in into daytime use spaces with specific func- not be planted in front of passive solar win-
overcast) reduce daytime lighting energy tions that coincide with solar orientation dows, but are OK beyond 45 degrees from
and cooling loads each corner
• Locate garages or storage areas on the side • Insulating blinds, heavy draperies, or opera- • Windows can be unshaded and face in any
of the building facing the coldest wind to ble window shutters will help reduce winter direction because any passive solar gain is
help insulate night time heat losses a benefit, and there is little danger of over-
heating
20
FLOOD
Welcome RISK
to ASSESSMENT Beeston
Attenborough
with GEOLOGICALNature
DATA Reserve
Pond
Meadow
Lane
FLOOD RISK ASSESSMENT

No
rth
Pa
th
FREQUENTLY FLOODED AREAS Gravel
Path
Processing Plant The
The
Delta
Delta
Delt a
Sanctuary
Sanctuary
The area shown on the map is the area covered by
flood alerts and warnings the most. It is not a live map Attenborough
Station
nt
of current flooding. The area covered broadly equates to
r Tre
Works
Pond
Rive
ath
sP
the area where the risk of flooding in any Wo
rk
Th
eB
year is greater than 1% (the “hundred year” Glebe
un
d
flood risk). Field
Main
Weir
Barton
Atten
Lane Church Pond
Natu borougPond Corbett’s

re Ce h Path Meadow
ntre urch
Ch
M
ai
NUMBER OF YEARS INTERNAL FLOODING
n
Pa
th
Nature
Centre
Tween RECORDED
Pond
Key to Habitats Key to Map Symbols
Coneries th
Pond Pa
sh Elevated Bird Hide
Wheatear ar Open Water
Ba
M
Field et
rto
W
nL
Bird Hide
an
e
Grassland Sand Martin Hide (New for 2014)

Weir
Osprey Platform (New for 2014)
Erewash Reedbed
Field Clifton Viewing Screen
Pond
Mud Flats Skylark Nature Trail
Tufted Duck Nature Trail

Woodland
Kingfisher Nature Trail
Unsurfaced Footpath
t
ren
Weir e rT Common Tern Nesting Platform
Riv
Dog Waste Bin
source:https://riverlevels.uk/flood-warning-river-trent-and-erewash-at-attenborough-village
NUMBER OF YEARS FLOODING
RECORDED
all maps sourced from:https://digimap.edina.ac.uk/roam/map/geology
BEDROCK SUPERFICIAL DEPOSIT ARTIFICIAL GROUND SOIL GROUP
21
PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION
by FOOT, BUS, TRAM and BICYCLE
The provided illustrations depict the diverse transportation options avail- Gated
able for reaching the nature reserve. The city facilitates a tram line seamlessly Crossing
connected to the train line, with the closest train station being Attenborough
station. Access to the site is further facilitated through cycling routes and foot-
paths that span the entire area, offering excellent opportunities for exercise
trails. Walking access
to nearby Bustop
Attenborough
Station
Footpath
Cycling route
Beeston
Station
P - Parking Gated
Crossing
P
P
Atten
Gated Natu borough
Crossing re Ce
ntre
Nearest Attenborough
bus stop Station
to site
P
Attenborough
Nature Centre
Bus stops Train stops Tram stations
BUS SERVICES
510 ECONNECT SKYLINK INDIGO Three
prominent bus
services, Indigo,
Skylink, and the
510 Econnect,
operate along
this route. Each
of these services
is linked to the
broader trans-
portation net-
STOPS( LEFT TO RIGHT): RASON ROAD- STOPS( LEFT TO RIGHT): -RASON ROAD STOPS( LEFT TO RIGHT): -RASON ROAD work within the
MORRIS AVENUE- NOTTINGHAM ROAD- - CHILLWELL RETAIL PARK -NOTTINGHAM ROAD - CHILLWELL RETAIL PARK -NOTTINGHAM ROAD city.
BARTON LANE- IRETON GROVE- - BARTON LANE - BARTON LANE - HARDWICKE ROAD
22
DEMOGRAPHY AND CRIME
Attenborough boasts a home ownership rate well above the national average, signaling economic affluence in the area. With over 70% of the local population engaged in full-time employ-
ment, the region exhibits an above-average health status compared to national norms. This suggests that the community prioritizes both financial well-being and health, reflected in the popularity
of activities such as jogging, cycling, and walking trails in the area.
POPULATION CRIME PUBLIC HEALTH

The population density in Attenborough stands at 1,385 people Attenborough, ranked as the second safest ward The percentage of Broxtowe residents describing
per square kilometer. In comparison to Broxtowe, the East Midlands in Broxtowe, with Bramcote claiming the top spot, reg- their health as either good or very good has seen a 0.42%
region, and England overall, Attenborough has a lower rate of immi- isters notably lower levels of reported criminal activity increase between the 2011 and 2021 census. 90.2% of indi-
grants. The working-age population in Nottingham is notably higher at compared to Broxtowe as a whole. viduals aged 5 years and over in Broxtowe, do not provide
3,922.50%. Moreover, 50.0% of households in Broxtowe are not deprived unpaid care. 81.7% of people in Broxtowe do not fall under
in any dimension. the category of disabled as per the Equality Act.
POPULATION PYRAMID CRIME RATES HEALTH & LIFE EXPECTANCY

BRANCOTE
ATTENBOTOUGH & CHILWELL EAST
TOTON
BEESTON NORTH
CHILWELL
BEESTON RYLANDS
BEESTON
TOWN
DEMOGRAPHY CRIME TRENDS IN A DECADES TIME
VIOLENCE & SEXUAL OFFENCES

2021
POSSESSION OF WEAPONS
ANTISOCIAL BEHAVIOUR
THEFT FROM PERSON
VEHICLE CRIME
BICYCLE THEFT
PUBLIC ORDER
OTHER CRIMES
OTHER THEFT
SHOPLIFTING
BURGLARY
2011
ROBBERY
DRUGS
ARSON
23
CHAPTER TWO:
PROJECT INTRODUCTION
In this chapter, we examine the design challenge, client requirements, various background
studies, and present a new design proposal for the existing building.
24
THE DESIGN PROJECT
and POTENTIAL
THE CLIENT’S VISION DESIGN
“ The client is the East Midlands Development Compa- OPPORTUNITY
ny (EMDevCo).
(EMDevCo). They have sustainability and net zero ambi- This project offers an
tions for inclusive economic growth at the heart of all their opportunity to improve the
developments and are working very closely with the region’s existing facilities and to add
universities as well as commercial partners and those or- a new building/extension to
ganisations looking to protect and enhance our natural envi- support the provision of ad-
ronment, creating integrated green and blue linked commu- ditional area for existing and
nities. new requirements. Given
EMDevCo is working to maximise the transformation- that the Nature Centre is a
al potential of three huge regeneration sites with opportu- beautiful, iconic building but
nities around three main growth clusters situated within is now too small for require-
the borders of Nottinghamshire, Derbyshire, and Leicester- ments and with an inefficient
shire,, and close to the core cities of Nottingham, Derby, and
shire internal layout, any addition
Leicester. Their Net Zero ambitions for future infrastructure to the site should be sensi-
developments will ensure local growth, full and productive tive to the existing design and
employment for all, and inclusive communities are created. must consider its impact on
The three regeneration sites are envisioned to be unit- the wildlife habitat. In terms
ed through a parkland setting between the three core cities, of the existing structure, it is
providing space for building businesses, for new commu- expected that the following
nicates with innovative solutions that prioritise the use of actions will be undertaken:
clean energy. EMDevCo are exploring the potential to grow
from the existing Attenborough Nature Reserve to allow for
growth opportunities north and south of the river ”
An overview of the proposed regeneration development (EMDevCo, 2023).
NEW SPACES TO DESIGN

1. A research centre facility to include lab working spaces – a mix of flexible and dedicated (2), open plan office space – well con-
nected to the labs (8 staff), equipment rooms (2), seminar/meeting rooms (2-3), flexible research showcase space (2), storage space, toi-
lets, kitchen, and lounge (450m2)
2. New office space (to accommodate relocated offices) with provision for 10 permanent desks, 5 hot desks, breakout space, internal
storage, meeting room and toilets (240m2)
3. New multi-purpose space that can be used for private hire, special events and educational purposes; and with direct access to the
wildlife garden to allow for tours, parties/weddings, and forest school (120m2)
25
DIVISION OF SPACES SERIAL NO. SPACES TOTAL NUMBER OF
OCCUPANTS
NUMBER OF
ROOMS
AREA IN TOTAL AREA
(m2) IN (m2)
USER GROUPS
The initial calculation of the area percentage RESEARCH CENTER
breakdown of the designed building provides an over-
1 Research Lab 8 1 89 89 This block comprises two
all understanding of the layout and planning.
2 Wet Lab 4 1 44 44
distinct zoning sections, each
serving different user groups.
3 Write Up Area 8 1 12 12
The private section encompass-
RESEARCHERS
4 Meeting Room 8 2 12 24 es the research lab, meeting
MULTI PURPOSE 5 Seminar Room 20 1 30 30 room, storage, etc., exclusive-
HALL(15%) 6 Lounge 8 1 12 12
ly utilized by researchers. In
contrast, the public section in-
7 Equipment Storage - 1 6 6
cludes the Research Showcase,
8 Material Storage - 1 6 6 VISITORS
accessible to all.
RESEARCH CENTER
(55%) 9 Kitchenette - 1 2 2
10 Lockers(Changing) 8 2 4 8
11 Research Showcase 80 1 120 120
12 Toilets 8 3 3.5 10.5
OFFICE SPACE TOTAL AREA = 363m + 22.5%(CIRCULATION) = 445m2
2
(20%)
OFFICE AREA
1 Offices 10 1 52 52 This block is exclusive-
2 Hotdesk Staff 5 1 26 26
ly for office workers, limited to
SERVICES(9%) a staff size of 10 (permanent).
3 Meeting Room 10 1 15 15
Originally part of the old nature
OFFICE
NEW BUILDINGS 810m (approx) 2 4 Breakout Space 10-15 1 22.5 22.5 WORKERS center, this space was incorpo-
5 Lockers 10 1 4 4 rated into the new design to ac-
The new building is to be crafted in accor- commodate all the staff mem-
dance with the provided brief, and the breakdown 6 Storage - 1 6 6
bers.
of area percentages is illustrated in the diagram 7 Toilets - 3 3.5 10.5
ROOM CALCULATIONS
above. TOTAL AREA = 136m2 + 22.5%(CIRCULATION) = 166.6m2
MULTI PURPOSE AREA

KITCHEN
(25%) 1 Multipurpose Hall 60 1 90 90 This block is entirely pub-
2 Toilets 60 3 3.5 10.5 lic, open to all. The capacity is
CAFE limited to a maximum of 60 in-
(45%) TOILETS (10%)
3 Storage - - 6 6
dividuals.
TOTAL AREA = 106.5m2 + 22.5%(CIRCULATION) = 129m2 VISITORS
STORAGE SERVICES
(20%)
1 Plant Room - 1 20 20 This block is exclusively
for private service workers and
OLD BUILDING 477m2(approx) 2 Waste Disposal - 2 5 10
is accessed only when needed.
3 Loading/Unloading Per Vehicle 2 16.7 33.4
The redesign of the old building includes a Unlike other blocks, it remains
presentation of the area percentage breakdown 4 Genaral Storage - 1 16 6 SERVICE unused for the entire duration.
WORKERS
for the new layout, as depicted above. TOTAL AREA = 69.5m2
26
DESIGN AND LAYOUT CONSIDERATIONS
for EACH AREAS
RESEARCH CENTER OFFICE AREA MULTIPURPOSE AREA KITCHEN, CAFETERIA&
SERVICES
Archdaily (N/D), “Wall Partition System in Laboratory Building” https://design-milk.com/adobe-410-townsend-adobes-new-san- https://www.archdaily.com/643970/bildungscampus-sonnwend- https://www.papercitymag.com/restaurants/blendin-coffee-shop-
(Accessed 24 oct 2023) https://www.archdaily.com/catalog/us/ francisco-digs/ viertel-ppag-architects/55838266e58ece09c2000063-bildungs- sugar-land-coffee-mad-scientist/#130693
products/33851/wall-partition-system-in-laboratory-building-feco campus-sonnwendviertel-ppag-architects-photo
1. Flexibility and 1. Functionality 1. Flexibility of 1. Easy

adaptability of layout space connectivity
2. Visibility and 2. Sunlight and 2. Ease of access 2. Interactive space

interaction shading both internal and external with nature
3. Proper 3. Preventing 3. Seperate 3. Wide passages

circulation flow computer glare aminities
4. Flexibility of moving
4. Emergency 4. Room size and 4. Room size and furniture around
Safety Station material material
5. Restricting public
5. Laboratory (hazard) 5. Daylight factor 5. Hazard prevention movement in private
zoning (for children) spaces
6. Sharing of Laboratry 6. Thermal comfort 6. Access to wildlife 6. Climate considerate

Support Spaces garden Window design
7. Sharing of Research 7. Night ventilation 7. Glare prevention 7. Consider glare when

Equipment Spaces designing
27
CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES
PRECEDENT STUDY 1 Right. The building
consolidates several
exhibits under one roof;
INTERIOR LAYOUT
these offerings were
formerly distributed
across multiple
structures.
Living Roof
LIVING ROOF
Level Three
LEVEL THREE
102.4m
LEVEL TWO Level Two
LEVEL ONE Level One
https://www.archdaily.com/6810/california-academy-of-sciences-renzo-piano
AWARDS A A
• Architects: Renzo Piano Architects LOWER LEVEL Lower Level
• The Urban Land Institute (ULI) Award for Excellence for the
Americas region in 2008
• The Holcim Award Silver for sustainable construction projects BASEMENT
Office Space
in the North America region in 2005 Planetarium
Rainforest
Basement
177.4m
• The building has achieved a Platinum certification under the
African Hall
Earthquake!
https://www.archdaily.com/6810/california-academy-of-sciences-renzo-piano
LEED program.
Aquarium + Swamp
https://issuu.com/calpoly82/docs/18_renzopiano_cas
REGIONAL RESOURCES 7
CENTRAL COURTYARD INTERIOR RAINFOREST
N
3
1 7
4
5
6
6
8 1
6
1 1
3 6 9
7
8 5 4
6
2 2
6
7 5 5 7
1 2 3 4 6 8 PLANETARIUM PLAZZA RAIN FOREST 8 6
BACK OF HOUSE AQUARIUM EXHIBITS BACK OF HOUSE

https://issuu.com/calpoly82/docs/18_renzopiano_cas
1 RESTORE ADJACENT PARK(NATURAL SHADOW) 4 GLASS CANOPY WITH PHOTOVOLTAIC CELLS 7 SUNSHADES
2 GREEN ROOF (INSULATION & PASSIVE COOLING) 5 CONCRETE WALLS (PASSIVE COOLING) 8 RADIANT FLOOR
The plan shows the location of each of the sources of the regional resources that is 3 ROOF GEOMETRY FAVORS “VENTURI EFFECT” 6 OPERABLE VENTS AND SKYLIGHTS 9 NATURAL LIGHT FOR PLANTS
utilized in the project. https://www.archdaily.com/6810/california-academy-of-sciences-renzo-piano
28
CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES
PRECEDENT STUDY 2
DETAILS SECTIONS
• Architects: Heatherwick Studio • Design Director: Thomas Heatherwick
• Area: 11000 m² • Executive Architects: Standard Architects
• Year: 2021 • Client: Hudson River Park Trust (HRPT) &
• Structural Engineer: Arup Pier 55 Project Fund (P55P)
• Landscape: MNLA
https://www.heatherwick.com/projects/spaces/pier55/ https://www.heatherwick.com/projects/spaces/pier55/
https://www.archdaily.com/962374/little-island-park-heatherwick-studio?ad_medium=gallery
B https://www.archdaily.com/962374/little-island-park-heatherwick-studio?ad_medium=gallery
2 AREAS
6
1. SOUTH BRIDGE
2. NORTH BRIDGE
3. THE PLAY GROUND
4. MAIN LAWN
3 5. THE AMPH
4 6. NORTHWEST OVERLOOK
5
7. SOUTHWEST OVERLOOK
8. THE GLADE
9. SOUTHEAST OVERLOOK
10. EAST OVERLOOK SUMMER
4
2 4 A 10 A
3 1 5
8
3 6
7
POT SECTION
9 8 7
9
10 1. PATHWAYS
2. TREES AND UNDERSTORY
PLANTS N
11 3. TREE ANCHORS B GENERAL PLAN(PARK LEVEL) WINTER
4. HANDRAIL
5. PICKET RAIL
6. PLANTING SOIL
12 7. PRECAST POT EDGE
8. FOAM
9. DRAINAGE LAYER
13 10. STRUCTURAL SLAB
11. PETAL
12. COLUMN HEAD
13. PILE SECTION AA SECTION BB
29
BUILDING ON WATER
the VARIOUS METHODS
AMPHIBIOUS CONSTRUCTION MODULAR DESIGN BY MAST FLOATING CONCRETE PONTOON
Amphibious architecture alludes to an elective flood Danish Maritime Architecture Studio MAST has devel-
moderationsystem that permits a generally standard design oped the “Land on Water” project,a system that provides an
to skim on the outer layer of rising flood water as opposed adaptable solution to building almost anything on the water:
to surrendering to immersion. Land and/or water capable floating homes, campsites, even small parks, and commu-
establishment holds the structure’s association with the nity centers. The system is based on simple flat pack mod-
ground by laying immovably on the earth undernormal condi- ules made from recycled reinforced polymer. These are ex-
tions, yet it permits the structure to drift as high as important tremely strong and resilient and can be easily transported
when flooding happens and assembled on location The modules can be assembled
in different configurations to provide floating foundations for
floating infrastructure, public spaces or housing
• Concrete modulus bearing capacity: 600 kilos to 2 tons per

square meter.
• Modules create desired space by connecting via preinstalled
connectors on their 4 corners.
• It is an Environmentally friendly structure built with materials
with marine concrete mix design
• Allows the construction of even at least 3-story reinforced
concrete buildings on it.
• To create a desired shape on the water the modular concrete
pontoons are produced in different forms, which can create
the structure when all the pontoons are connected.
• A floating concrete pontoon is a solid form made of reinforced
concrete and an inner group of chambers filled with a ligh
1. Wetdock and debris control 3. Guide posts and running gear.
2. Can - float base and dwelling. 4. Flexible utility connections weight watertight material, typically polystyrene.
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS
Land on water promises a far better underwater environment
than existing solutions. While steel and concrete foundations
are commonly treated with toxicanti-fouling paints, Land on
water provides an ideal habitat for fish and crustaceans and
an anchor point for molluscs and seaweeds
SOURCE - https://www.arch2o.com/floating-architecture/#:~:text=Floating%20architecture%20 SOURCE - SOURCE -
is%20a%20building,shortage%20and%20stop%20environmental%20destruction https://enkimagazine.com/mast-reimagines-milan-sand-quarry-centroparco-floating-oasis/ https://www.hsbmarine.com/blog/floating-concrete-pontoons-and-docks
30
STRATIGIC LOCATIONS FOR DESIGN + SWOT
1. EXISTING PARKING SPACES
WHAT THE NEW
DESIGN NEEDS
The new design should seam-
1 8 lessly extend and evolve from the

existing structure, both in form and
2. EXISTING BRIDGE 8. Not suitable for
new design function. Its design concept should
4
Location 4 has the best view
and the Maximum available 6 draw inspiration from the context
and values of the original Nature
area next to the existing building 6. NEW PARKING centre.
7 IF NEEDED
Location 7 is not suitable for
5. CHANGES TO THE
construction 1 EXISTING BUILDING
4
3,4,6 POTENTIAL AREAS FOR NEW DESIGN
4. RESEARCH CENTRE (450m2)
3 Conference room, Classroom and
Office should be moved to the new
OFFICE SPACES (240m2)
MULTI PURPOSE HALL(120m2)
3. TRANSITION AREA
/ BUILDING
2 Design to allow the cafe to expand
APPROACH AREA
6
4 5
7
7. Not enough space
For New Design
7 8 VEHICULAR PATH
3 PEDESTRIAN PATH
SOURCE-GOOGLE EARTH
STRENGTH OPPORTUNITY
Capable of generating Natural wind Good amount of daylight To Incoporate sustainable transportaion To makeProject site a catalyst To use water pump technolo-
more Income from all directions except for winters systems to reduce car traffic for development of nearby areas gy to heat the building
WEAKNESS THREATS
Only one prominent Public transport High wind velocity Possibility of flooding Located in remote area makes Building on water
access to entrance Not well Connected in Winter natural surveilance not feasible disrupts marine ecology
31
EXISTING BUILDING REDESIGNED
with BRIEF ENERGY ANALYSIS
ENERGY & DAYLIGHTING

The building redesign fa- 2 1
cilitates increased natural
daylight penetration into the
MARCH 20 9AM (EQUINOX) cafe’s interior, as there are
(OVERCAST SKY) no obstructing walls. How- S
ever, certain areas remain
S 4
dim and require illumination.
This can be achieved through 3
the introduction of additional S
windows or skylights, or by
using artificial lighting. S
LUX LEVELS 6
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800+ 4
7
REDESIGNED INTERIOR AREAS
1. Main Entrance
The removal of the partition wall in the new interior space not only enhances the sense of open-
ness and reduces congestion but also fully extends the captivating view of the lake from the cafe.
5 2. Reception
3. Shop
4. Cafe Seating
5. Servery
6.Toilets
7. Kitchen
S. Storages
REDESIGNED PLAN
In the redesigned nature center, the cafe will be extended to the rear of the
building. The entrance will open directly into the corridor, bypassing the retail
space. This design establishes a clear passage for the flow of users, with
retail and cafe areas on either side of the corridor. The kitchen is relocated to
the former office space, strategically positioned in proximity to the servery,
thereby minimizing the distance between these functional areas.
32
CHAPTER THREE:
THE DESIGN PROCESS
In this chapter, we delve into the comprehensive process of developing the design project
through the utilization of diverse sustainable design strategies and tools.
33
THE VISION
TI T
”
A ES
N
“N NIT
O
IR N
K
A TIN
SP ’S
TU G
IN IRD
RA ”
“B
L
S
A
ORGANIC
Exploring a myriad of avian nests for design cues, we uncovered

a captivating interplay of form and material, showcasing a mes-
merizing tapestry of natural knitting and weaving patterns. We
chose to infuse our architectural foundation with the essence of
MATERIALS TO USE these organic weaves.
“THATCH” “RECLAIMED “RAMMED “CLAY BRICKS”

WOOD” EARTH”
The design concept is complemented by the
careful selection of sustainable building materials,
including thatch, reclaimed wood, rammed earth, and
clay bricks.
“WEAVING PATHWAYS”
34
DESIGN INSPIRATIONS
& EARLY IDEAS FOR SPACES
-SOURCE- https://hicarquitectura.com/2020/09/dierendonckblancke-oc-kasterlee/
LARGE WINDOWS
1
FACING SOUTH
2
Increase the openness of the southern
facade by incorporating large windows to
allow sunlight penetration, thereby warm-
ing the space in the winter.
-SOURCE- https://in.pinterest.com/
pin/442549100876269449/
A SMALL PITCHED THATCH
VIEWING DECK ROOF
3
-SOURCE- https://www.dezeen.com/2017/08/03/
kornets-hus-by-reiulf-ramstad-architects-dan-
ish-farming-culture-denmark-education/
5
A NON TRADITIONAL A BRANCHING

PITCHED ROOF FORM
Incorporate asymmetry and innova- A branching form plan
tive angles into the pitched roof, fostering adorned with pitched roofs.
a visually dynamic silhouette that chal-
4
This design seamlessly inte-
lenges traditional norms. Establishing it grates with the surroundings
as a standout landmark within its sur- while embodying the essence
roundings. of our creative vision. -SOURCE-https://www.osullivanskoufoglou.com/docking -SOURCE-https://www.osullivanskoufoglou.com/docking
Design semi- -SOURCE- https://visualizingarchitecture.com/ Incorporate a

6 open pergola spaces
wharf-design-spreads/
7 tiered viewing deck
to serve as transi- for visitors, provid-
tional areas between ing both leisure and
built forms, offering recreational oppor-
shelter from rain tunities, including
without entirely bird watching.
isolating the envi-
pin/447967494200270312/
ronment from the
space.
A LARGE VIEWING DECK
35
DESIGN IMPLEMETATION ON SITE (EARLY STAGE)
& ACCESS STRATEGY
VIEWS FROM PLATFORM ACCESS STRATEGY
Elevating a plat- Craft an elegant

form on the pedestrian bridge
North-West side for the platform,
enhances our de- thoughtfully de-
sign, strategically signed to accom-
offering a clear modate service
view of the North vehicles. Introduce
access road, with additional bridges
the existing struc- that artfully link
ture to the East the platform to the
and a large water- original building
body surrounding and the verdant
the platform to the garden situated
South and West. behind it.
ORIENTATION STRATEGY BUILDING LAYOUT STRATEGY
Arrange the three

Orient the building
distant building
blocks East-West,
blocks encircling a
emphasizing the
green core, serving
facade towards the
as a space that
south for optimal
seamlessly blends
solar gain. If the
indoor and outdoor
structure appears
elements. Visitors
too elongated, con-
should initially en-
sider a 45-degree
ter the green core
rotation to either
before deciding
direction for a bal-
which building to
anced alternative.
access.
ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS
36
DAY LIGHT & SHADOW ANALYSIS
with EARLY FORM ITERATIONS
DESIGN AIMS
FORM • Organise the form so that winter sun can penetrate internal floor areas
EVOLUTION • Face most of the facades to the southern sides
• Achieve the minimum form factor
FORM FACTOR = 2.92
1 EQUINOX SUMMER SOLSTICE WINTER SOLSTICE
(MAR 20) (JUNE 21) (DECEMBER 22)
Enough South facing Facades.
But Accessibility would be a problem
FORM 3
2
FORM FACTOR = 2.95
Not enough south

facing facades.
Accessibility is
still a problem
FORM FACTOR = 2.9

3
FORM 4
Better accessibility. Not enough

south facing facades
4
9AM 12PM 3PM

OBSERVATIONS
FORM FACTOR = 2.98
Enough south facing facades. Forms 3 and 4 exhibit distinct strengths and weaknesses, prompting their selection for additional daylight and energy testing through the Sa-
Accessibility is mediocre faira plugin. A persistent issue observed is the ongoing casting of shadows among the building blocks throughout the year, necessitating attention in
subsequent design phases.
37
MULTIPURPOSE INTERCONNECTIVITY
SPACES STORAGE
(6m2)
SITE ENTRY
OF SPACES
MULTIPURPOSE HUB COLOUR CODED
HALL TOILET TOILET TOILET with REQUIRED LUX LEVELS
(90m2) (3.5m2) (3.5m2) (3.5m2)
GARDEN
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800+
RESEARCH
OFFICE SPACES
CENTER
TOILET
STORAGE
GREEN CORE (3.5m2)
(6m2)
(INDOOR/OUTDOOR) TOILET
BREAKOUT
RESEARCH (3.5m2)
MEETING
ROOM SHOWCASE AREA
(150m2) SPACE LOCKER
ROOM
TOILET (22.5m2) (4m2)
(12m2) (120m2) (3.5m2)
OFFICE SPACE+
MEETING HOTDESK
ROOM
(12m2) (78m2)
MEETING
LOUNGE+
WRITE UP ROOM
SEMINAR AREA
KITCHEN
(15m2)
(15m2)
ROOM (12m2)
Corridor connection
VIEWING
(30m2)
PLATFORM Direct connection Building entries
EQUIPMENT RESEARCH LAB REQUIRED LUX LEVELS FOR INTERIOR SPACES

TOILET STORAGE
(3.5m2) (6m2) (89m2) Building/Room type Maintained Building/Room type Maintained
TOILET Illuminance Illuminance
(3.5m2) MATERIAL (lux)§ (lux)§
STORAGE
TOILET (6m2) Computer rooms 300 Storage 50
(3.5m2) CHANGING Conference rooms 300/500 Offices (Executive) 300 - 500
ROOM
(4m2) Toilets 100 Offices (General) 300 - 500
kitchen 300 Offices (Open plan) 300 - 500
LOCKER
WET LAB ROOM Lecture halls 300 Auditorium 100 - 150
(4m2)
Seminar rooms 300 Changing rooms 100
(44m2) -Source- Exhibition halls 300 Circulation spaces 100
Corridors 100 Multipurpose halls 300
Entrance hall/lobby 200
38
ROUGH SKETCH RULES OF THUMB FOR
WINDOW SIZE
COLOUR CODED
with REQUIRED LUX LEVELS
A preliminary plan was drafted based on the bubble diagram, with approximate estimations for room
depths. Window sizes were determined by applying general rules of thumb to each wall, considering orientation
to minimize glare throughout the year. Rooms were color-coded based on required lux levels for reference in
subsequent testing using the Safaira plugin. A rudimentary 3D model, utilizing the gathered data, served as the
foundation for further energy and daylighting analysis.
12m 6m LUX LEVELS
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800+

S
FORM 3 T T T
1
10m
20m
T S
2 T S
W.W.R 3
10m
25% T 4
5 -Source- Environmental Design Guide
C
m
W.W.R
30
20% 6
PREVENTING GLARE
C 30m
5 W.W.R W.W.R
7 Glare is less likely
C S
35% 25% if the offices face north
10
S or south. Low sun in the
11 CR AREAS early morning or evening
5m
T C can cause glare in east-

T 1. Multipurpose Hall
T 8 2. Green Core or west-facingrooms.
m
W.W.R 3. Breakout Space

10
The use of appro-

20% 9 4. Offices + Hotdesk priate shading devices,
5. Meeting Room such as blinds or over-
6. Research Showcase hangs, and employing
m
m
18
7. Kitchen + Lounge
10
glare-resistant materials
8. Research Lab contribute to creating
W.W.R 9. Wet Lab comfortable and well-lit
25% 10. Writeup Area interior spaces.
FLOOR AREA = 1073m2 11. Seminar Hall -Source-
THERMAL ENVOLOPE (T)Toilet (S) Storage (C) Corridor(CR) Changing Room Environmental Design Guide
39
ENERGY AND DAYLIGHTING ANALYSIS THROUGH
FORM ITERATIONS -All diagrams sourced from-
using SEFAIRA PLUGIN Safaira plugin for Sketchup
THERMAL ENVOLOPE Baseline: Part L - 2013 Notional
FORM ENERGY
ORTHOGRAPHIC VIEW DAYLIGHTING VISUALISATION OBSERVATIONS
FACTOR LEVELS
Roof Area
3 = 1564m2
• Areas Without
ONE SINGLE BLOCK Wall Area
south facing fa-
= 476m2
cade do not get
Floor Area enough natural
= 1073m2 light
• Heated Floors for
F.F = the“Green core”
3113/1073 space is a waste
MARCH 20 9AM (EQUINOX)
FLOOR AREA = 1073 m 2
= 2.9 (SUNNY SKY) of resources
4 BLOCK B
BLOCK A
F.F = 3.24
• Achieved mostly
well lit floors
BLOCK C BLOCK B • Form factor in-
F.F = 3.2 creased when
BLOCK C divided into 3
F.F = 2.8 distinct blocks
COMBINED
• Energy levels
BLOCK A slightly increased
FLOOR AREA = 973 m2 F.F = 2.98 MARCH 20 9AM (EQUINOX)
(SUNNY SKY)
LUX LEVELS
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800+
INITIAL VENTILATION ASSESMENT & A CRITICAL DESIGN FLAW • A critical design flaw was
identified: specific blocks
Given the pitched roof
design, a ventilation
lack access for the prevail-
outlet was strategically
ing wind direction.
positioned at the apex.
• Rearrange the building
ROOF Standard windows can
VENTILATION
serve as effective venti- “NO ACCESS FOR blocks to better accommo-
STRATEGY
lation inlets. PREDOMINANT date for the prevailing wind
ANNUAL WIND DIRECTIONAL WIND” direction.
40
A NEW ARRANGEMENT OF BLOCKS
BRIEF LIGHT AND
BLOCK C FORM 5 SHADOW ANALYSIS
By rearranging and re-
WINTER SOLSTICE
orienting the existing building
(DECEMBER 22)
BLOCK A&B blocks, a new architectural
form has been created. This
revised structure is well-suit-
ed for prevailing winds, and
the new arrangement ensures
COLOUR CODED
that the building blocks do not
with REQUIRED cast shadows on each other.
LUX LEVELS
THERMAL ENVOLOPE 9AM 12PM 3PM
-All diagrams sourced from-
Safaira plugin for Sketchup Baseline: Part L - 2013 Notional
FORM ENERGY
ORTHOGRAPHIC VIEW DAYLIGHTING VISUALISATION OBSERVATIONS
FACTOR LEVELS
5 BLOCK A
(1684/599) “UNDERLIT
• Most of the floor
F.F = 2.81 AT MORNINGS” areas achieved
BLOCK A well lit status
BLOCK B&C
BLOCK B&C
(1274/433) • Areas not directly
F.F = 2.98 facing South are
underlit in the
COMBINED
mornings.
(2967/1033)
MARCH 20 9AM (EQUINOX)
• Small windows
FLOOR AREA = 1033 m2 F.F = 2.87 (SUNNY SKY) limits views
Baseline: Passive Haus
BLOCK A
• Changed the roof
5.1 (1685/600)
F.F = 2.80
“OVERLIT. MUST
REDUCE LIGHT WITH JALIS” pitch and window
BLOCK A
BLOCK B&C
sizes to achieve
(1275/433) more uniform
BLOCK B&C F.F = 2.98 lighting.
• Some overlit ar-
COMBINED
eas still remain.
(2960/1033) MARCH 20 9AM (EQUINOX) • Energy Levels
FLOOR AREA = 1033 m2
F.F = 2.86 (SUNNY SKY) also reduced.
LUX LEVELS
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800+
41
SELECTED FORM(5.1) -Diagrams sourced from-
Safaira plugin for Sketchup 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800+
LUX LEVELS
DETAILED ANALYSIS
OBSERVATIONS DAYLIGHTING VISUALISATION
DETAILED STUDY
FORM FACTOR • Most of the floor areas are
still well lit as required.
• Some dark patches appear in
corners of the room
• Corridors with glass roof are
ROOF still overlit. JUNE 21 9AM (SUMMER SOLSTICE)
1.5m
4.8m (SUNNY SKY)
• Rooms Not directly Facing

2.4m
south are darker compared
WALLS to others.
1.5m
1.8m 2.1m • Managed to get the winter
2.4m
sun inside most of the floor
25.8m
plan. DECEMBER 22 9AM (WINTER SOLSTICE)
10m
28
.7m (SUNNY SKY)
20.8m 23m
5m
23. 14.
10m
FLOOR 8m 4.3m
10m 5.7
5m
19m GAINS & LOSSES BASELINE: PASSIVE HAUS
10m
5.9m
BLOCK A 14.4m
BLOCK B&C
ORTHOGRAPHIC
VIEW
ALL MEASUREMENTS ARE IN METERS
BLOCK A BLOCK B&C

ROOF = 280 + 97.5 + 377.5 = 755 ROOF = 190.5 + 105.5 + 260.5 = 556.5
WALLS = 158.65 + 171.3 = 330 WALLS = 99.5 + 48 + 138 = 285.5
FLOOR = 600 FLOOR = 433
ENVOLOPE = 755 + 330 + 600 = 1685 ENVOLOPE = 556.5 + 285.5 + 433 = 1275 The initial figure highlights that people and equipment con-
tribute the most significant negative impact on cooling. In con-
FORM FACTOR = ENVOLOPE AREA/FLOOR AREA trast, the second figure reveals that the most substantial positive
influence on cooling is attributed to roof conduction.
BLOCK A BLOCK B&C COMBINED
1685/600 = 2.80 1275/433 = 2.94 2960/1033 = 2.865
42
SHADING SIZE & STRATEGIES
with CALCULATIONS
h= D. tan α
9:00 AM h= D. tan α
12:00 PM h= D. tan α
3:00 PM
cos (Φ-ψ ) cos (Φ-ψ ) cos (Φ-ψ )
CALCULATIONS
α = SUN HEIGHT α = SUN HEIGHT α = SUN HEIGHT

Φ= SOLAR AZIMUTH Φ= SOLAR AZIMUTH Φ= SOLAR AZIMUTH
ψ= PLANE AZIMUTH ψ= PLANE AZIMUTH ψ= PLANE AZIMUTH
D = 120 x cos (111.42 -180) D = 120 x cos (176.83 -180) D = 120 x cos (-114.95 -180)
tan (44.18) tan (60.52) tan (46.07)
α= 44.18O α= 60.52O α= 46.07O
ψ= 180O ψ= 180O ψ= 180O
D = 120 x .3652 D = 120 x .9984 D = 120 x .4218
Φ= 111.42O Φ= 176.83O Φ= -114.95O
.9717 1.768 1.038
h = 120 cm h = 120 cm h = 120 cm
D = h. cos (Φ-ψ ) D = h. cos (Φ-ψ ) D = h. cos (Φ-ψ )
D = 45.1 cm D = 67.76 cm D = 48.763 cm
tan α tan α tan α
= 41 cm approx = 68 cm approx = 49 cm approx
41cm approx 68cm approx 49cm approx
LOCATED SHADINGS
The shading strategy for the south wall should be by providing horizontal
shading devices to block out the high altitude summer sun to prevent overheat-
ing. The shading should be designed in such a manner to maximise the natural
daylighting while reducing heat gain. So calculations are based on the day during
which sun would be at the highest altitude (June 21st).
SHADING STRATEGIES from
• East/West Glazing: horizontal or vertical louvers (internal or exter-

nal)
• Solar Glazing (facing the equator): light shelves or horizontal lou-
vers (internal or external)
• Other Glazing (facing the poles): vertical louvers
http://2030palette.org/top-daylighting-controls/
43
A Natural Ventilation Steady-State Calculation Tool for the Early Design Stage of Buildings. A Natural Ventilation Steady-State Calculation Tool for the Early Design Stage of Buildings.
NATURAL VENTILATION ANALYSIS

Project Data: Natural ventilation strategy: Project Data: Natural ventilation strategy:
(OFFICE AREA)Run 1
Project Name: Office Cross ventilation Project Name: Office Cross ventilation
Version: Run 1 Version:
with OPTIVENT
Date:
Consultant:
2023-11-27
Consultant
Date:
Consultant:
2023-11-27
Consultant
With shading
Location stratagies
Data: and sizes fixed,
Building Data: Location Data: Building Data:
we moved onto testing for natural ventilation.
Latitude (decimal degrees): 52 Cell - Floor area (m²): 81 Latitude (decimal degrees): 52 Cell - Floor area (m²): 81
Month: August Cell - Volume (m³): 510.3 Month: August Cell - Volume (m³): 461.7
We chose the office area, which is on12the east-
Hour: Outdoor temperature (°C): 22 Hour: 12 Outdoor temperature (°C): 22
ern corner of the building.
Prevailing The area has directly
mean outdoor Indoor temperature (°C) 24 Prevailing mean outdoor Indoor temperature (°C) 24
temperature (°C): 20.0 To - Ti (°C): 2 temperature (°C): 20.0 To - Ti (°C): 2
south facingMeteorological
outer wall. We
Wind tested
Speed (m/s): the2 ventila- Meteorological Wind Speed (m/s): 2
tion for bothTerrain data:
Iteration 5 and 5.1
Inlet (surface) Azimuth:
2
S
ORTHOGRAPHIC Terrain data:
Inlet (surface) Azimuth:
2
S OFFICE
VIEW BLOCK
-Diagrams sourced from-
Optivent Application
Construction Data: Cell - Heat Gains: Apertures Data: Construction Data: Cell - Heat Gains: Apertures Data:
8 8
FORM ITERATION 5 FORM
occupant ITERATION 5.1
Glazing: Number of people: Effective Height Airflow Glazing: Number of people: Effective Height Airflow
occupant gains (W/m²): 8.4 Area Zn Rate gains (W/m²): 8.4 Area Zn Rate
Solar Transmittance Factor (0-1): 0.6 Solar Transmittance Factor (0-1): 0.6
Equipment gains (W/m²): 15 (m²) (m) (m³/s) Equipment gains (W/m²): 15 (m²) (m) (m³/s)
Shading Proportion (%): 20 Shading Proportion (%): 20
Lighting gains (W/m²): 10 B B+W Lighting gains (W/m²): 10 B B+W
Wall Total internal gains (W/m²): 33.4 Inlet 1: 1.2 1.3 0.48 1.25 Wall Total internal gains (W/m²): 33.4 Inlet 1: 2.16 1.5 0.67 1.92
AIRFLOW
Total Solar Gains (W/m²) Outlet 1: 1.94 2 0.48 1.25 Total Solar Gains (W/m²) Outlet 1: 2.43 2 0.67 1.92
Surface Absorptance (0-1): 0.6 Surface Absorptance (0-1): 0.6
Cell 1: 46.7 Cell 1: 35.39
DATA
U-Value (W/m²·K): .2 U-Value (W/m²·K): .1

Total heat generated (kW) Total heat generated (kW)
Ext. Surf. Transmittance (W/m²·K): 4.0 Ext. Surf. Transmittance (W/m²·K): 4.0
Cell 1: 6.49 Cell 1: 5.57
Roof Roof
Surface Absorptance (0-1): 0.6 Surface Absorptance (0-1): 0.6
U-Value (W/m²·K): .2 U-Value (W/m²·K): .1
Ext. Surf. Transmittance (W/m²·K) 4.0 Ext. Surf. Transmittance (W/m²·K) 4.0
Buoyancy driven Buoyancy driven

RESULTS AS GRAPHS
Buoyancy + Wind driven Buoyancy + Wind driven
In Form iteration 5, the office has ceiling height of 6.3 m. With an inlet area of In Form iteration 5.1, the office has ceiling height of 5.7 m. With an inlet area of
RESULTS
4Sq.m and an outlet area of 9.72Sq.m. This led to Buoyancy driven air flow rate 7.2Sq.m and an outlet area of 12.15Sq.m. This led to Buoyancy driven air flow
to be .5m/s and Buoyancy + wind driven air flow rate to be 1.25m/s. This is sig- rate to be .75m/s and Buoyancy + wind driven air flow rate to be 1.95m/s. This is
nificantly lesser than air flow rate required for cooling ( 2.75 m/s). only slightly lesser than air flow rate required for cooling ( 2.25 m/s).
44
DAYLIGHT FACTOR ANALYSIS + THERMAL PERFOMANCE WITH RESPECT TO VENTILATION
with IES VE
THERMAL
WITHOUT PERFOMANCE
SHADING -Ventilation/Macroflow negatively
affects the hours that are under 20oc.
This means that windows would need to
remain shut during the winter season.
GENERIC
OBSERVATION
GENERIC -Ventilation/Macroflow positively af-
OBSERVATION fects the hours between 20-25oc. Over-
all we can observe that all three spaces
have the most hours in this category
with Ventilation/Macroflow. this means
that the ventilation strategy employed
in the design works adequately in
achieving the comfort levels.
-Ventilation/Macroflow positively af-

fects the hours greater 25oc. The hours
spent in this temperature range falls
GENERIC drastically with ventilation/macroflow.
OBSERVATION Thus reducing overheating.
RESEARCH LAB
WITH
SHADING
RULE OF THUMB
(DAYLIGHT FACTOR)
According to the
Daylight building standards, OFFICE ROOM
the expected range Daylight
Factor should be between
2%-10%. We used D = [W x T
Θ]/[ A x ( 1-R2 )] to find out if
the DF of each space meets
the requirements. Then we
did a comparison of DF of
GENERIC the entire building with and
OBSERVATION without shading.
45
DEVELOPING THE MASTER PLAN -Images sourced from-
and IDENTIFYING SITE POSSIBILITIES AND NEEDS Google earth
OUTLINE OF THE BASE POSITIONING NEW POSSIBILITIES

(EVOLUTION) ON THE SITE FOR THE SITE
1 Positioning the TRANSPORTATION
new design in The existing nature center is currently 930 meters
close proximity away from the nearest bus stop. There is a potential
to the shoreline and necessity for clearly delineated new transportation
improved acces- options to the site, including a dedicated bicycle lane, a
sibility, yet, during new bus stop, and enhanced sidewalks.
winter mornings,
the structure was
Considerable amount of base area almost entirely in NEAREST
on the southern side of the design, with the shadow of the BUS STOP
numerous design possibilities, although original building.
it may be deemed excessive.
Positioning the
2
OPTIMUM new design 93
ALL IMAGES TAKEN ON WINTER SOLSTICE (DECEMBER 22) 9AM

POSITION farther back 0m
adversely im-
pacted accessi-
bility, although it
remained within
The removal of all base areas on a walkable dis-
the south side has led to a significantly tance. The majori-
ty of the structure NATURE
more efficient structure. CENTRE
was unaffected by
winter shadows.
3
Extending the A NEW POINT OF INTEREST
placement of the There is an op-
new design even portunity to establish
farther back made a new point of inter-
the design as it est on the east side
non-accessible. of the approach area,
However, all parts aimed at attracting
of the structure and engaging visitors.
A viewing platform was reintro-
was unaffected by It should be a feature
duced to the southern side to ensure
winter shadows. tied to the history and
that the incredible view is not entirely
context of the nature
overlooked.
center.
46
MASTER PLAN MATERIALS
and AREAS OF INTEREST
NEW BUS BRICK

PAVEMENT
STOP 3
For improved accessibil-
ity, a new bus stop has
been added, situated 5
just a 120-meter walk
SOLAR
from the new design. PANELS
1
CAR PARKING 6 3
SOLAR PANELS 2
4
Well defined parking
for upto 42 cars in the DECK
WOOD
newly designed parking
area. With Solar panels 11
7
on roof
WELCOME FLOATING
AREA BASE
A well defined welcome 10

8
area to distinctly mark
the entry to the new
design.
9
SENSORY
GARDEN 20m 60m
A sensory garden offers 10m 30m

visitors an immersive
experience of the re-
search center’s history,
featuring information on
local flora, fauna, and AREAS BICYCLE &
geography through audio 1. New Bus Stop 7. The New Research Center and WALKING LANE
and sensory encounters. 2. Welcome Area Office Clear and well-defined bi-
A viewing deck provides 3. Car Parking with Solar Panels 8. Connecting and Service Bridge cycle and pedestrian paths
a vantage point to enjoy 4. Sensory garden & Viewing Deck 9. Wildlife Garden have been implemented to
the beautiful surround- 5. Bicycle Parking 10. Original Nature Centre position the site as an exer-
ings. 6. Walking Bridge to New Buildings 11. Walking & Bicycle lane cise destination.
47
DETAILED FLOOR AREA = 1033 m2 G
E
FLOOR PLAN 2.5m 7.5m

THERMAL
ENVOLOPE R
I
D
5m 15m B
Upon entering the site, visitors are
given two choices: they can explore any S
RESEARCH CENTER S
of the three blocks (Research Center, E
Multipurpose Hall, Office Space), or they C
C
can enjoy the site’s green core space 17 A
with pergolas, vegetation, and the view- 15
18
ing deck located on the southern side. 20 16
19 T 1
14
13
12
THE GREEN CORE
11 T 7
5 8
10 G 6
2 9
4
MULTIPURPOSE HALL
T +
3 OFFICE
VIEWING
DECK
VIEWING DECK
S E R V I C E B R I D G E
AREAS USER GROUPS

1. Site Entry 8. Locker (O) 16. Research Lab
THE 2. Common Lounge 9. Meeting Room (O) 17. Material Storage
SMALL 3. Multipurpose Hall 10. Research Showcase 18. Equipment Storage
DECK 4. Storage (M.H) 11. Write-up Area 19. Lockers (R)
5. Breakout Space 12. Meeting Room 1 (R) 20. Wet Lab
6. Office/Hot Desks 14. Seminar Hall G - Green Core OFFICE
RESEARCHERS VISITORS
7. Storage(O) 15. Kitchen + Lounge T - Toilets WORKERS
48
THE SMALL DECK VIEWING DECK THE GREEN CORE USER GROUPS
RESEARCHERS OFFICE VISITORS

WORKERS
RESEARCH CENTER
R
SH ESEA
OW RC OFFICE AREA
CA H
SE
MULTIPURPOSE AREA
DATE : 10/19
TIME : 3 PM
BUILDING BLOCKS AND FUNCTION

Each building block is meticulously oriented and arranged to facilitate independent access and egress. The Green core
area not only serves as a lush central space but also functions as a connecting pathway, seamlessly linking all building
blocks and various areas within the site. This thoughtful design ensures a harmonious and interconnected layout, pro-
moting both individual functionality and a unified spatial experience across the entire site.
49
DETAILED ELEVATIONS
with WALL TO WINDOW RATIOS, SHADING & LIGHTING
SOUTH SIDE ELEVATION
The design prominently incorporates most of the windows on the south-facing sides of the building to optimize solar gain, exceeding the typical wall-to-window ratio recommended by
rules of thumb. Additionally, all air outlets and inlets are directed towards the south side, aligning with the prevailing annual wind from the South-West direction.
W.W.R W.W.R W.W.R W.W.R W.W.R W.W.R W.W.R W.W.R W.W.R

40% 27% 17% 27% 29% 36% 36% 40% 31%
AIR OUTLET SKY LIGHTS JALIS AND SHADOWS

Air outlets are strategically Rooms oriented towards the Jalis are strategically po-
placed at the apex of each building southwest direction are equipped sitioned on corridor ceilings and
block section, oriented towards with skylights to compensate for walls with glass elements, effec-
the southern side. These outlets the absence of natural sunlight tively reducing sunlight intake by
serve a dual purpose by also acting during the morning hours. up to 40 percent. They are specif-
as skylights for the more distant ically placed in areas that tend to
areas of the room. be overly illuminated.
W.W.R W.W.R W.W.R WITH JALIS ON W.W.R

0% 0% 100% GLASS FACADE 100% WITH JALIS ON GLASS FACADE
NORTH SIDE ELEVATION

Windows are notably scarce on the north-facing walls, primarily to counteract cold winter winds and considering that the majority of solar gain originates from the southern side. Jalis are
strategically positioned both vertically and horizontally on the glass facade and roof to regulate excessive light, while skylights are incorporated in areas where natural sunlight is limited.
50
SEASONAL STRATEGIES
with DETAILED SECTIONS
A
In-depth studies on seasonal light and ventilation strategies were conducted SOUTH SIDE ELEVATION E
for the office area situated on the eastern corner of the building. Factors such as sun
altitude, prevailing wind direction, and temperature during each season were carefully
considered in the analysis. W
A
ALTITUDE
60.45O
ALTITUDE
13.65O
SECTION AA
12PM
12PM
TO = 3o C
ALTITUDE TO = 22o C
60.45O
ALTITUDE
13.65O
12PM
WINTER
Ti = 20o C WIND
12PM
Ti = 24 C
o
PREDOMINANT
WIND
S N S N
SUMMER WINTER
A
OBSERVATIONS
OFFICE
AREA • The design managed to prevent Cold
winter winds from entering the build-
ing
• Winter sun was managed to get inside
the interior floors through windows
and skylights
• Try expirementing with window sill
KEY PLAN height for further light intake
A
51
SOLAR ENERGY PRODUCTION
with PV SYST
MEDIAN
ELECTRICITY
INTENSITY
According to the
stats, the average
MAXIMUM US- energy required
ABLE AREA FOR to operate a non
SOLAR PANELS= domestic building
336.65 M 2
with area between
1000-5000 Sq.m is
50 kWh/mm2 Source: The Non-Domestic National Energy Efficiency Da-
ta-Framework 2021 (England and Wales)
PROJECT SUMMARY MAIN RESULTS

The simulation is run with
the geographical location of
Atthe Attenborough. This enures
that the tenborough. simulation
is run accurately.
The PV is placed at a tilt

of 2323oo and the azimuth is 0,
since we are placing the panels
on a South facing Roof. By inputa
inputing the area of the South
Roof ing that is avaiable and the
type PV module we are using,
we can get that 130 units of the
module is required.
The simulation shows an efficiency

of 85.28% and the solar panels from
just the roof produces 985 KWh/year.
The table shows a month wise
breakdown of the energy probreak-
down produced by the PV modules
52
NOISE LEVELS & ACOUSTICS
for INTERIOR & EXTERIOR SPACES
MULTIPURPOSE REQUIRED AMBIENT NOISE LEVELS
SPACES
NOISE GENERATORS STORAGE
(6m2) FOR INTERIOR SPACES
MULTIPURPOSE
The sources of noise around the new design include the existing building, the re- HALL TOILET TOILET TOILET Spaces and their connections, along
(90m2) (3.5m2) (3.5m2) (3.5m2)
cently added bus stop, the sensory garden, and the parking spaces. with the designated ambient noise levels for
each area, are clearly delineated.
RESEARCH
OFFICE SPACES
CENTER
TOILET
STORAGE
GREEN CORE
(3.5m2)
(6m2)
(INDOOR/OUTDOOR) TOILET
BREAKOUT
RESEARCH (3.5m2)
MEETING
ROOM SHOWCASE AREA
(150m2) SPACE LOCKER
ROOM
TOILET (22.5m2) (4m2)
(12m2) (120m2) (3.5m2)
OFFICE SPACE+
MEETING HOTDESK
ROOM
(12m2) (78m2)
MEETING
LOUNGE+ ROOM
WRITE UP
SEMINAR AREA
KITCHEN
(15m2)
(15m2)
ROOM (12m2)
(30m2)
COLOUR CODED
TOILET
EQUIPMENT
STORAGE
RESEARCH LAB with REQUIRED INDOOR AMBIENT
(89m2)
TOILET
(3.5m2) (6m2)
NOISE LEVELS
MATERIAL
(3.5m2)
STORAGE 35 40 45 50
TOILET (6m2)
(3.5m2)
-Source-
CHANGING
Building/Room type
ROOM
(4m2)
Building Bulletin 93
Maintained
WET LAB
LOCKER
ROOM
(4m2) Design Targets Indoor Amient
(44m2) Noise lvl (dB)
Office Spaces 40
Conference rooms 35
The design of the Toilets 50
new building stra- kitchen 50
tegically zones Open Plan Teaching 40
noise-intolerant areas
spaces to ensure Science Laborato- 40
Changing Areas 50
optimal arrange-
Corridors 50
ments.
NOISE GENERATING SPOTS
WIND AND RAIN NOISE TOLERANCE

GENERATED NOISE LEVELS Low Medium High
The new building is planned to
DISTANCE facilitate a natural flow from high-
ly noise-tolerant spaces or zones
The building is strategically positioned away from key noise-generating areas to those of medium tolerance, and
such as the bus stop, train line, parking, and public space. The only nearby source of finally to areas that are noise intol-
noise is the existing nature center, but its impact is minimized as the sound has to tra- erant, ensuring that noise-sensitive
verse the walls of the building before reaching the new structure. spaces are appropriately zoned.
53
DESIGNING THE THERMAL ENVOLOPE
with PHPP
The thermal envelope is a part of passive house that helps to seperate the interior controlled envirinment of the house from the external envirinment. The goal of it is to min-
imize the amount of heat transfer from the interior to the exterior to create a well conditioned space. By layers materials such as ones that provide insulation, airtightness, thermal
mass etc, we can create an enevelope that will help us reduce the use of active heating systems. This in turn will reduce energy consumption.Different iterations of materials were
tried out to meet the optimal thermal conductivity that was required by the designed building .
U-VALUE BUILDING ASSEMBLIES
1st TRIAL 2nd TRIAL
mbrane Extruded Polystryene

insulation
WALL
aster
The 1st Trial for the wall included the use of two seperate layers of insulation - Mineral The 2nd Trial for the wall included the use of one layer of insulation - Ex-
wool and Extruded Polystryene Insulation. This is sandwiching the Concrete Slab to reduce truded Polystryene Insulation. Thickness of the overal was incresed aswell, this
heat loss. But this resulted in an overal thermal conductivity of 0.229 W/m2K. resulted in an overal thermal conductivity of .095 W/m2K.
Gravel Roof Membrane Extruded Polystryene
Timber Flooring insulation Binding Concrete
WALL SECTION WITH MATERIAL LAYERS

Timber Structure Mud Phuska
Cavity Wall (Vaccum)
Gravel Roof Membrane Extruded Polystryene Polyurethane Membrane
insulation
Extruded Polystryene Insulation
Concrete Slab
Concrete Slab
Gravel
Plaster
Roof Membrane
Extruded
Extruded Polystryene Air tightness Layer
Mud Polyurethane Concrete insulation
Reclaimed Reclaimed Wood
Polysteryene
Phuska Membrane Slab Wood
Polyurethane Membrane Insulation 54cm
Concrete Slab Plaster 54
U-VALUE BUILDING ASSEMBLIES
FLOOR ROOF

insulation
FLOOR SECTION WITH MATERIAL LAYERS ROOF SECTION WITH MATERIAL LAYERS
58
Timber Flooring Thatch
cm
Timber Structure Gravel
Mineral Wool Roof Membrane
64.5cm
Air Tightness Layer
Concrete Slab
Extruded Polystryene Insulation Extruded Polystryene Insulation
Concrete Slab Plaster
Binding Concrete Concrete Slab
Gravel Roof Membrane Air Tightness Layer
Extruded Polystryene
insulation
Gravel Roof Membrane Binding Concrete
insulation
Timber Flooring Binding Concrete

Timber Structure
Timber Flooring Binding Concrete Concrete Slab Plaster Gravel Roof Membrane Extr
Gravel Roof Membrane
Extruded
insu
Timber
Binding Concrete Timber Mineral Concrete insulation
Binding Thatch Roof
Timber Structure Polysteryene
Flooring Structure Wool Slab Concrete Membrane
Timber Structure Insulation
55
THERMAL ENVOLOPE
with SECTIONAL VIEW
Following the finalization of the materials for the roof, floor, and walls, these were incorporated into the sectional view of the constructed form to enhance our understanding of the thermal
envelope and its functionality. The specific window types are also outlined. In summary, the entire structure constitutes a holistic thermal envelope, effectively isolating the indoor space from the
outdoor air.
1 WINDOWS Gravel Roof Membrane Extruded Polystryene

insulation
Triple-glazed timber windows. Concrete Slab Plaster Mud Phuska Thatch

High performance triple glazing, FSC® 100% Cavity Wall (Vaccum) Gravel
redwood or oak timber
Polyurethane Membrane
Timber Structure
Roof Membrane
• Triple glazed UW values as low as 0.68 W/m2K Extruded Polystryene Insulation
insulation

• Passivhaus certified insulated frame window

insulation
Roof Membrane Extruded Polystryene
Concrete Slab
Gravel
insulation Gravel Roof Membrane Extruded Polystryene
Roof Membrane insulation
Gravel
Concrete Slab
Concrete Slab insulation Plaster
redwood option. 10
Concrete Slab Plaster insulation
Reclaimed Wood Binding Concrete

Gravel Roof Membrane Extruded Polystryene Timber Flooring Binding Concrete

insulation
Timber Structure

Timber Structure Timber Flooring Binding Concrete
Timber Structure
Concrete Slab Plaster Timber Structure
Timber Structure
THERMAL ENVOLOPE
Timber Structure
Polyurethane Membrane Polyurethane Membrane

Timber Flooring Binding Concrete Polyurethane Membrane
Timber Structure
http://www.yorktradewindows.co.uk/triple_glazed.htm
2 JALIS & SHADOWS

Jalis are strategi- 1
cally positioned on cor- 2
ridor ceilings and walls
with glass elements,
effectively reducing
direct sunlight Gravel Roof Membrane
Gravel
insulation
Roof Membrane Extruded Polystryene

insulation
intake by up to 40
Timber Flooring Concrete Slab Plaster
percent. They are

Mineral Wool
Timber Structure

insulation
specifically placed in
Timber Structure
Concrete Slab Polyurethane Membrane
areas that tend to be



insulation
overly illuminated. Binding Concrete

insulation
Timber Structure
Timber Structure
56
Timber Structure
MATERIALS USED RAMMED EARTH
with EXPLODED AXONOMETRY A sustainable building material, is
created by compressing earth or
THATCH ON ROOF WOODEN JALI clay between formwork layers. It is
Crafted from dry vegetation known for its thermal mass, durabil-
like provides natural insulation and ity, and energy efficiency
eco-friendly charm to structures. It
is traditional with minimal environ-
mental impact.
FLOATING BASE
TIMBER ON Floating building bases, a modern
FLOORS architectural marvel, defy conven-
Timber tion by appearing to effortlessly
floors, made from hover over the ground or water.
hardwood or soft- Beyond aesthetics, they often serve
wood planks, add practical purposes in flood-prone
warmth and char- areas, showcasing an innovative
acter to interiors blend of form and function.
while providing a
durable and time-
less foundation
for spaces
OUTDOOR-
GLASS ROOF
57
ENERGY BALANCE ANALYSIS
with PHPP BLOCK 1
BLOCK 2
TRIAL 1 TRIAL 2
BLOCK 1&2 BLOCK 1 BLOCK 2

DESIGN CONDITIONS DESIGN CONDITIONS DESIGN CONDITIONS
Block 1&2 were considered as a single unit in this trial. 1. Reduced glazed surfaces in the design. 1. Reduced glazed surfaces in the design.
2. Covered corridorsna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, 2. Covered corridors
ANNUAL HEATING RESULTS ANNUAL HEATING RESULTS
ANNUAL HEATING RESULTS
1. Large amount of internal heat gain (20.92 KWhr/m2a). 1. Reduced internal heating (14.1 KWh/m2a)
2. Double the amount of ventilation loses when compared 1. Heating demand and ventilation loses is almost balanced
2. Solar heat gain is lesser when compared to gains
to the heating demand. 2. Loses through window
through the windows.
IMPROVEMENT STRATEGIES IMPROVEMENT STRATEGIES IMPROVEMENT STRATEGIES
1. Split the Building simulation into two parts 1. Reduced glazed surfaces in the design. 1. Reduced glazed surfaces in the design.
2. Reduce the amount of Glazing. 2. Increase the amount of South facing windows/skylights. 2. Increase the amount ofNorth facing windows/skylights.
58
ENERGY BALANCE - FINAL RESULT
BLOCK 1 BLOCK 1
SPECIFIC ENERGY FOR HEATING(ANNUAL METHOD)

Specific energy for heating (annual method)
Passive House with PHPP Version 9.6a
Exercise_Test (for learning purposes only) / Climate: Sutton Bonnington / TFA: 600 m² / Heating: 4.5 kWh/(m²a) / Freq. overheating: 41 % / PER: 1.3 kWh/(m²a)
Interior temperature: 20.0 °C

Building type:
Treated floor area ATFA: 599.7 m²
Per m²
Area U-Value Temp. factor ft Gt of treated
Building assembly
External wall - Ambient
Temperature zone
A
m²
*
W/(m²K)
* 1.00 *
kKh/a
67.5 =
kWh/a floor area
Block 1 consists of the research lab and showcase. Simulations were run by increasing the
External wall - Ground
Roof/Ceiling - Ambient
B
A
98.1
548.8
*
*
0.097
0.091
*
*
0.66
1.00
*
*
67.5
67.5
=
=
426
3373
0.71
5.63
area of south facing windows. This was also provided with shading as well.
Floor slab / Basement ceiling B 599.7 * 0.083 * 0.66 * 67.5 = 2217 3.70
A
A
*
*
*
*
1.00
1.00
*
*
=
=
1. Solar heat gain (16.5 KWh/m2a) and loses through the windows (15.3 KWh/m2a) were
X * * 0.75 * = nearly balanced.
Windows
Exterior door
A
A
197.6 *
*
0.689 *
*
1.00
1.00
*
*
67.5 =
=
9186 15.32
2. Heating demand and ventilation loses (4.9 KWh/m2a) were balanced as well.
Exterior TB (length/m) A * * 1.00 * = 0.00 3. Passivehaus standards were met (<15 KWh/m2a)
Perimeter TB (length/m) P * * 0.66 * = 0.00
Ground TB (length/m) B * * 0.66 * = 0.00
Total of all building envelope areas 1444.1 ––––––––––– kWh/(m²a)
ENERGY BALANCE HEATING

Transmission heat losses QT Total 15202 25.3
(ANNUAL METHOD)
ATFA Clear room height
m² m m³
Ventilation system: Effective air volume, VV 599.7 * 2.50 = 1499.3
Effective heat recovery efficiency heff 75%
Efficiency of subsoil heat exchanger
Heat recovery efficiency of SHX hSHX 0% nV,system hHR nV,Res
1/h 1/h 1/h
Energetically effective air changes nV 0.300 * (1 - 0.75 )+ 0.013 = 0.088
VV nV cAir Gt
m³ 1/h Wh/(m³K) kKh/a kWh/a kWh/(m²a)
Ventilation heat losses QV 1499.3 * 0.088 * 0.33 * 67.5 = 2924 4.9

Reduction factor
QT QV night/weekend
kWh/a kWh/a Saving kWh/a kWh/(m²a)
Total heat losses QL ( 15202 + 2924 ) * 1.0 = 18126 30.2
Orientation Reduction factor g-Value Area Radiation HP

of the area See 'Windows' sheet (perp. radiation)
m² kWh/(m²a) kWh/a
North 0.00 * 0.00 * 0.00 * 94 = 0
East 0.00 * 0.00 * 0.00 * 188 = 0
South 0.37 * 0.42 * 184.11 * 312 = 8834
West 0.00 * 0.00 * 0.00 * 202 = 0
Horizontal 0.63 * 0.42 * 13.44 * 296 = 1051
––––––––––– kWh/(m²a)
Available solar heat gains QS Total 9886 16.5
Length heating period Spec. power qI ATFA

kh/d d/a W/m² m² kWh/a kWh/(m²a)
Internal heat gains QI 0.024 * 210 * 2.80 * 599.7 = 8447 14.1
kWh/a kWh/(m²a)
Free heat QF QS + QI = 18333 30.6
Ratio of free heat to losses QF / QV = 1.01
Utilisation factor heat gains hG (1 - ( QF / QL )5 ) / (1 - ( QF / QL )6 ) = 83%

kWh/a kWh/(m²a)
Heat gains QG hG * QF = 15190 25.3
kWh/a kWh/(m²a)
Annual heating demand QH QL - QG = 2936 5

kWh/(m²a) (Yes/No)
Limiting value 15 Requirement met? Yes
59
ENERGY BALANCE - FINAL RESULT
BLOCK 2
SPECIFIC ENERGY FOR HEATING(ANNUAL METHOD) BLOCK 2
Specific energy for heating (annual method)

Passive House with PHPP Version 9.6a
Exercise_Test (for learning purposes only) / Climate: Sutton Bonnington / TFA: 434 m² / Heating: 11.8 kWh/(m²a) / Freq. overheating: 36 % / PER: 3.2 kWh/(m²a)
Interior temperature: 20.0 °C

Building type:
Treated floor area ATFA: 433.8 m²
Per m²
Area U-Value Temp. factor ft Gt of treated
Building assembly Temperature zone m² W/(m²K) kKh/a kWh/a floor area Block 2 consists of the Multi-Purpose room and the offiffice spaces. Simulations were run by
External wall - Ambient
External wall - Ground
A
B 199.9
*
* 0.097
*
*
1.00
0.66
*
*
67.5
67.5
=
= 865 1.99
increasing the area of North facing windows/Skylights.
Roof/Ceiling - Ambient A 296.6 * 0.091 * 1.00 * 67.5 = 1823 4.20
Floor slab / Basement ceiling B 433.8 * 0.083 * 0.66 * 67.5 = 1597 3.68
A * * 1.00 * = 1. Solar heat gain (10.3KWh/m2a) and loses through the windows (13.3 KWh/m2a) were
A
X
*
*
*
*
1.00
0.75
*
*
=
=
nearly balanced.
Windows A 135.0 * 0.635 * 1.00 * 67.5 = 5783 13.33 2. Heating demand (11.7 KWh/m2a) and ventilation loses (11.4 KWh/m2a) were balanced as
Exterior door
Exterior TB (length/m)
A
A
*
*
*
*
1.00
1.00
*
*
=
= 0.00
well.
Perimeter TB (length/m) P * * 0.66 * = 0.00 3. Passivehaus standards were met (<15 KWh/m2a)
Ground TB (length/m) B * * 0.66 * = 0.00
Total of all building envelope areas 1065.3 ––––––––––– kWh/(m²a)
Transmission heat losses QT 10069 23.2
ENERGY BALANCE HEATING

Total
(ANNUAL METHOD)
ATFA Clear room height
m² m m³
Ventilation system: Effective air volume, VV 433.8 * 6.30 = 2733.0
Effective heat recovery efficiency heff 75%
Efficiency of subsoil heat exchanger
Heat recovery efficiency of SHX hSHX 0% nV,system hHR nV,Res
1/h 1/h 1/h
Energetically effective air changes nV 0.300 * (1 - 0.75 )+ 0.006 = 0.081
VV nV cAir Gt
m³ 1/h Wh/(m³K) kKh/a kWh/a kWh/(m²a)
Ventilation heat losses QV 2733.0 * 0.081 * 0.33 * 67.5 = 4937 11.4

Reduction factor
QT QV night/weekend
kWh/a kWh/a Saving kWh/a kWh/(m²a)
Total heat losses QL ( 10069 + 4937 ) * 1.0 = 15006 34.6
Orientation Reduction factor g-Value Area Radiation HP

of the area See 'Windows' sheet (perp. radiation)
m² kWh/(m²a) kWh/a
North 0.00 * 0.00 * 0.00 * 94 = 0
East 0.00 * 0.00 * 0.00 * 188 = 0
South 0.00 * 0.42 * 61.80 * 345 = 0
West 0.00 * 0.00 * 0.00 * 202 = 0
Horizontal 0.49 * 0.42 * 73.20 * 296 = 4452
––––––––––– kWh/(m²a)
Available solar heat gains QS Total 4452 10.3
Length heating period Spec. power qI ATFA

kh/d d/a W/m² m² kWh/a kWh/(m²a)
Internal heat gains QI 0.024 * 210 * 2.80 * 433.8 = 6110 14.1
kWh/a kWh/(m²a)
Free heat QF QS + QI = 10562 24.3
Ratio of free heat to losses QF / QV = 0.70
Utilisation factor heat gains hG (1 - ( QF / QL )5 ) / (1 - ( QF / QL )6 ) = 94%

kWh/a kWh/(m²a)
Heat gains QG hG * QF = 9947 22.9
kWh/a kWh/(m²a)
Annual heating demand QH QL - QG = 5059 12

kWh/(m²a) (Yes/No)
Limiting value 15 Requirement met? Yes
60
DYNAMIC THERMAL PERFOMANCE
with IES
ANNUAL
SOUTH SIDE VIEW The roofs facing south
consistently receive the great-
est amount of solar energy
throughout the year, making
them particularly well-suit-
ed for the installation of solar
panels. The simulation unmis-
JAN - DEC
takably illustrates that the
carefully implemented shading
NORTH SIDE VIEW elements in the design serve as
a protective measure, shielding
the walls from the potentially
adverse effects of solar radia-
tion.
SPRING EQUINOX In the simulation, the SUMMER SOLSTICE Based on this simula-
MARCH 20,2023 JUNE 21,2023 tion,both the south and
south-facing roof ab-
sorbs the most solar north-facing roofs re-
SOUTH SIDE VIEW SOUTH SIDE VIEW ceive the highest solar
energy. Shading for the
south-facing windows energy. Shading for the
effectively reduces in- south-facing windows
coming sunlight, mini- effectively reduces in-
NORTH SIDE VIEW NORTH SIDE VIEW
mizing internal heat gain. coming sunlight, thereby
minimizing internal heat
gain.
AUTUMN EQUINOX The simulation indicates WINTER SOLSTICE The simulation reveals
SEPTEMBER 23,2023 that the south-facing DECEMBER 22,2023 that the south-facing
roof absorbs the high- roof captures the max-
SOUTH SIDE VIEW est amount of solar en- SOUTH SIDE VIEW imum solar energy.The
ergy. The shading for the shading for south-facing
south-facing windows windows allows the en-
NORTH SIDE VIEW functions by reducing in- NORTH SIDE VIEW try of winter sun, aiding
coming sunlight, thereby in heating the interior
decreasing internal heat space during the winter
gain. season.
61
CHAPTER FOUR:
THE FINISHED DESIGN
In this chapter, we present the completed design project through rendered images, sketches,
and physical models.
62
VISUAL BALANCE
The new building extends and evolves from the existing structure in
terms of form, function, and aesthetics. It doesn’t dominate visually but
rather complements the existing architecture. Further design exploration
is needed to enhance the harmony and alignment between the two struc-
tures.
63
THE GREEN CORE
The inviting green core stands as a vibrant central hub, provid-
ing visitors with a seamless transition to key areas such as the office
space, multipurpose hall, or research area. Beyond its functional role,
the green core also offers an alternative route for visitors seeking the
tranquil ambiance of the viewing deck. Adorned with wooden pergo-
las supporting a graceful glass roof, the deck is surrounded by diverse
vegetation, creating a harmonious and visually appealing environment.
Well-defined pathways gracefully guide visitors to the entry points of
each building block, enhancing the overall accessibility and aesthetic
experience within this integrated space.
VIEWING DECK
Guests can come together to delight in the breathtaking view
of the nature reserve from the strategically positioned viewing deck,
situated along the southern face of the site. This vantage point not
only provides a stunning panorama but is also conveniently located
near both the service bridge and the access point to the existing gar-
den behind the original building.
64
MULTIPURPOSE HALL
The multipurpose hall is conveniently accessible through the
shared lounge area designated for Blocks B and C. Additionally, an
alternate entry point is conveniently located in close proximity to
the bridge that connects to the existing garden behind the original
building. Throughout the daytime, the interiors of the multipurpose
hall enjoy uniform illumination, courtesy of expansive south-facing
windows and a skylight oriented in the same direction, creating a
well-lit and inviting atmosphere for various activities and events.
RESEARCH LAB
Access to the research lab is seamless through the western-
most entrance directly from the site, establishing a convenient link
to the adjacent wet lab area. Moreover, the material and equipment
storage spaces are readily accessible from this location, fostering
efficiency in research operations. In close proximity, the presence
of kitchen and lounge areas enhances the overall functionality and
comfort of the research environment. Notably, the interiors bene-
fit from abundant natural light during daytime, thanks to expansive
south-facing windows and a strategically positioned skylight in the
same direction, creating a well-illuminated and conducive work-
space.
65
SENSORY GARDEN
Enveloping visitors in a rich and immersive encounter, the
sensory garden thoughtfully unveils the captivating history of the
research center. This botanical haven not only showcases the di-
verse local flora and fauna but also intricately weaves in narratives
about the surrounding geography. As visitors stroll through this living
tapestry, they engage in a multisensory experience heightened by
audio elements that bring the center’s history to life. Adjacent to the
sensory garden, a carefully positioned viewing deck offers a pan-
oramic vantage point, inviting guests to absorb and appreciate the
breathtaking beauty of the natural surroundings. This harmonious
integration of history, nature, and sensory elements creates a unique
and enriching destination within the research center.
CAR PARKING AND

SOLAR PANELS
The newly designed parking area boasts well-defined spaces
for up to 42 cars, ensuring efficient and organized parking. Beyond
its functionality, the parking facility embraces sustainability with the
incorporation of solar panels on the roof. This dual-purpose initiative
not only provides a designated and convenient space for vehicles but
also aligns with eco-friendly practices by harnessing solar energy.
The integration of solar panels contributes to the overall environ-
mental consciousness of the design, promoting energy efficiency
and reducing the ecological footprint of the parking infrastructure.
This innovative approach not only addresses practical needs but also
underscores a commitment to a greener and more sustainable built
environment.
66
THE PHYSICAL MODEL
Utilizing 3D printing, we crafted a straightforward physical model that served as a tangible representation of the design juxtaposed with the
existing nature center. This hands-on approach granted us an enhanced understanding of the interplay between structures, shedding light on crucial
factors like daylighting, visual coherence, and the broader influence of the design on the site. The physical model became an invaluable tool, allowing
for a more nuanced exploration of the design’s integration with its surroundings, facilitating a comprehensive assessment of its visual and functional
aspects.
67
-Sketch by Russel Meledath (Author)-
68
A COMPARISON
EARLY DESIGN IDEAS V/S FINAL DESIGN
-SOURCE-
https://www.osullivanskoufoglou.com/docking
A BRANCHING SEMI OPEN PARGOLA SPACE

FORM
The semi-open pergola
space was integrated into
the design as an integral
component of the green
core area.
pin/447967494200270312/
PITCHED THATCH
ROOF
pin/442549100876269449/
The branching form

underwent a series of
evolutions and refinements
throughout the design pro-
A SMALL
cess, each stage carefully
VIEWING DECK
considered and adapted.
Despite the various itera-
tions, the final manifesta-
tion proved to be not only
aesthetically refined but -SOURCE-
also functionally effective https://www.osullivanskoufoglou.com/docking
A NON-TRADITIONAL
PITCHED ROOF
A LARGE VIEWING DECK
LARGE WINDOWS FACING SOUTH Given the con-
straints imposed by
time and available
resources, the de-
cision was made to
adopt a traditional
pitched roof design.
-SOURCE- https://www.dezeen.com/2017/08/03/kor-
-SOURCE- https://visualizingarchitecture.com/ nets-hus-by-reiulf-ramstad-architects-danish-farming-cul-
wharf-design-spreads/ ture-denmark-education/
-SOURCE- https://hicarquitectura.com/2020/09/dierendonckblancke-oc-kasterlee/
69
design
design
design design
design
sustainability goals
trent
trent
side
trent
side
primary
side
trentprimary
trent
primary
sideschool
side
school
school
primaryprimary
schoolschool
achieved
achieved
achieved
achieved
achieved renewable energy:
the school is able to power itself
and give back to the community
multi-use space:
landscape:
passivhaus:
the library serves as a multi-use
space
the building achieves some passivhaus
criterias, further testing required
safety:
the use of traffic calming and natural
surveillance keep the space safe
community:
the project gives back to the
community- landscape/ energy
renewable
renewable
the school
and give
energy:
and back
energy:
the school
is able
is able
give back
to power
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multi-use
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space
space:
the library
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the library
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serves
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as a multi-use
passivhaus:
passivhaus:
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natural ventilation: daylighting: low form factor: thermal delight: natural

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safety:safety: community:
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safety: community:
community: community: non-motorised transport:
renewable energy: multi-use space:space: passivhaus:
passivhaus:
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ENERGY SPACES HAUSE SPACES SPACES DELIGHT ACCESS

75 VENTILATION DAYLIGHTING
natural
natural
natural
ventilation:
ventilation:
ventilation:
natural ventilation:daylighting:
daylighting:
daylighting:
daylighting: lowlow
form
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75 75 75 75 75
DESIGN ACHIEVEMENTS
The design adheres to Passive House standards, incorporating elements like a well-crafted thermal envelope, natural ventilation, and ample natural
daylight, along with ensuring thermal comfort. It features versatile, multi-use spaces within close proximity, promoting walkability. The design also prioritizes
sustainable transportation with amenities like cycling infrastructure, a new bus stop, and electric car charging stations. Furthermore, the building generates its
required electricity through renewable sources such as solar energy.
70
CHAPTER FIVE:
INDIVIDUAL DESIGN
by Russel Meledath
In this chapter we explore the detailed analysis and further design changes of a particular
room in the design. Done solely by the author
71
RESEARCH LAB SPACE
IN DEPTH ANALYSIS AND IMPROVED DESIGN
The detailed analysis and design process are undertaken with the primary objective of refining and optimizing the daylighting, ventilation,
and thermal comfort aspects within this particular room. By scrutinizing various elements such as window placement, shading strategies, and
airflow dynamics, the goal is to achieve an elevated and sustainable indoor environment. This comprehensive approach seeks to not only meet
but exceed established standards, ensuring that the occupants of the room experience an enhanced quality of light, improved air circulation, and
a comfortable thermal environment.
RESEARCH LAB
PLAN
The current layout of
the research laboratory
incorporates research
desks, computer
workstations, access
to storage spaces from
within the space.
DESIGN AIMS
1.Delve deeper into various shading strategies.
2.Expand the investigation into skylight position

and size.
ORTHOGRAPHIC VIEW
3.Explore ventilation strategies in greater de-
tail.
72
TRIAL 1
RESEARCH LAB SPACE
VENTILATION -SOURCE-generated using OPTIVENT application
ORTHOGRAPHIC VIEWS
1
3
OPENINGS DETAILS INFERENCES

1 TYPE : Ventilation Outlet/ Skylight 2 TYPE : Operable Window 3 TYPE : Fixed Skylight 1. Split the opening into smaller parts.
SIZE : 1235 cm (Length) X 145 cm (Height) SIZE : 740 cm (Length) X 140 cm (Height) SIZE : 400 cm (Length) X 220 cm (Height) 2. Provide shading for the windows as well as
PLACEMENT : On apex facing South PLACEMENT : On South facing Wall PLACEMENT : On North facing Roof the skylights.
SHADING : 68 cm Inclined Shading SHADING : 68 cm Horizontal Shading SHADING : No shading provided
-SOURCE-generated using IES VE application
DAYLIGHT FACTOR GLARE ANALYSIS UDI (Usefull Daylight Illuminance)

JUNE 21,12PM
(Overcast) GLARE GLARE
DISTRIBUTION - ANNUAL
CONTOURS PROBABILITY
DAYLIGHT SMALL DEVIATION , DOES NOT MEET THE
GLARE -SOURCE-generated using IES VE application
UDI ROOM REQUIREMENT OF 80%
PROBABILITY
DGP=
22.32%
GLARE GLARE
VALUES POINTS
3176 cd/m 2
2564 cd/m 2
1651 cd/m 2
73
TRIAL 2
RESEARCH LAB SPACE
ORTHOGRAPHIC VIEWS INFERENCES

1. The windows being split up reduced the glare probability.
1 2. By provided the windows box shadings, the Daylight Factor im-
3 proved.
3. Providing louvers on the skylight on the North roof, improved the
Daylight factor as well.
4. UDI improved as well by splitting up the large window into three
smaller ones.
2 5.One corner of the room receives no daylighting.
IMPROVEMENTS
1. Improve the DF by slightly tilting the shadings provided on the
south facing skylight and windows.
OPENINGS DETAILS
1 TYPE : Ventilation Outlet/ Skylight 2 TYPE : Operable Windows x 3 3 TYPE : Fixed Skylight
SIZE : 1235 cm (Length) X 145 cm (Height) SIZE : 280 cm (Length) X 140 cm (Height) x 3 SIZE : 400 cm (Length) X 220 cm (Height)
PLACEMENT : On apex facing South PLACEMENT : On South facing Wall PLACEMENT : On North facing Roof
SHADING : 68 cm Inclined Shading SHADING : 68 cm Shading (On 4 sides ) SHADING : Vertical Louvers

JUNE 21,12PM
DAYLIGHT SMALL DEVIATION , DOES NOT MEET THE
GLARE UDI ROOM REQUIREMENT OF 80%
PROBABILITY
DGP=
21.43%
GLARE GLARE
VALUES POINTS
3272 cd/m 2
2605 cd/m 2
1621 cd/m 2
1557 cd/m 2
74
TRIAL 3
RESEARCH LAB SPACE
INFERENCES
ORTHOGRAPHIC VIEWS
1. The box shading of the windows being tilted inwards reduced the
1 glare probabilty as well as the number of glare points.
3 2. One corner of the room got darker, but the overall DF of the room
improved.
The tilted shading of the South facing skylight also reduced the
glare value from the skylight.
2
IMPROVEMENTS
1. Improve the glare probabilty and DF by providing horizotal louvers
for the South facing windows.
2. Add one more louver to the South facing skylight to improve
glare probabilty.
OPENINGS DETAILS
SHADING : 68 cm Horizontal Shading SHADING : 68 cm Slanded (On 4 sides ) SHADING : Vertical Louvers

JUNE 21,12PM
DAYLIGHT MEETS THE CRITERIA OF THE UDI (80%) OF
GLARE THE ROOM MEET THE REQUIRMENT
PROBABILITY
DGP=
20.56%
GLARE GLARE
VALUES POINTS
1536 cd/m 2
75
TRIAL 4
RESEARCH LAB SPACE
INFERENCES
ORTHOGRAPHIC VIEWS
1. The improved window shading decreased the glare probability
1 further.
3 2. The room improved its DF due to this new type of shading due to
diffffused lighting.
3. Though the number of glare points increased.
4. Dark spot within the room still persists.
2
IMPROVEMENTS
1. Improve the glare probabiltyand DF further.
2. Provide a skyligh on the South Roof to light up the dark region
within the room.
OPENINGS DETAILS
SHADING : 68 cm Declined Shading x 2 SHADING : 68 cm Slanded (On 4 sides ) SHADING : Vertical Louvers
+ Horizontal louvers x 2

JUNE 21,12PM
DAYLIGHT
MEETS THE CRITERIA OF THE UDI (80%) OF
GLARE
THE ROOM MEET THE REQUIRMENT
PROBABILITY
DGP=
20.34%
GLARE GLARE
VALUES POINTS
1448 cd/m 2
1496 cd/m 2
76
TRIAL 5
RESEARCH LAB SPACE
INFERENCES
ORTHOGRAPHIC VIEWS
1. The addition of the skylight helped to light up the dark region
1 within the lab.
3 2. Due to this change, the glare probability increased slightly.
2
IMPROVEMENTS
1. Reduce the size of the South facing skylight to optimize the result.
OPENINGS DETAILS
1 TYPE : Ventilation Outlet/ Skylight 2 TYPE : Operable Windows x 3 3 TYPE : Fixed Skylight 4 TYPE : Fixed Skylight
SIZE : 1235 cm (Length) X 145 cm (Height) SIZE : 280 cm (Length) X 140 cm (Height) x 3 SIZE : 400 cm (Length) X 220 cm (Height) SIZE : 170 cm (Length) X 55 cm (Height)
PLACEMENT : On apex facing South PLACEMENT : On South facing Wall PLACEMENT : On North facing Roof PLACEMENT : On South facing Roof
SHADING : 68 cm Horizontal Shading SHADING : 68 cm Slanded (On 4 sides ) SHADING : Vertical Louvers SHADING : No shading provided

JUNE 21,12PM
(Overcast)
GLARE GLARE
DAYLIGHT MEETS THE CRITERIA OF THE UDI (80%) OF
GLARE
THE ROOM MEET THE REQUIRMENT
PROBABILITY
DGP=
20.38%
GLARE GLARE
VALUES POINTS
2630 cd/m 2
1480 cd/m 2
77
TRIAL 6 (FINAL)
RESEARCH LAB SPACE
INFERENCES
ORTHOGRAPHIC VIEWS
1. The sklight being smaller, reduced the Glare probability, while still
1 lighting up the dark region within the lab.
3 2. In the UDI distribution, we can see a small deviation from a perfect
even distribution, but still meets the requirement of 80% of
4 room area.
OPENINGS DETAILS
1 TYPE : Ventilation Outlet/ Skylight 2 TYPE : Operable Windows x 3 3 TYPE : Fixed Skylight 4 TYPE : Fixed Skylight
SIZE : 1235 cm (Length) X 145 cm (Height) SIZE : 280 cm (Length) X 140 cm (Height) x 3 SIZE : 400 cm (Length) X 220 cm (Height) SIZE : 75 cm (Length) X 75 cm (Height)
PLACEMENT : On apex facing South PLACEMENT : On South facing Wall PLACEMENT : On North facing Roof PLACEMENT : On South facing Roof
SHADING : 68 cm Horizontal Shading SHADING : 68 cm Slanded (On 4 sides ) SHADING : Vertical Louvers SHADING : No shading provided
+ Delcined shading X 2

JUNE 21,12PM
(Overcast)
GLARE GLARE
DAYLIGHT SMALL DEVIATION , STILL MEETS THE UDI
GLARE ROOM REQUIREMENT OF 80%
PROBABILITY
DGP=
20.34%
GLARE GLARE
VALUES POINTS
2230 cd/m 2
1481 cd/m 2
78
U-Value (W/m²·K): .95
Total heat generated (kW)
Ext. Surf. Transmittance (W/m²·K): 4.0
Cell 1: 27.76
Roof
VENTILATION & TEMPERATURE (TRIAL 6) Surface Absorptance (0-1):

U-Value (W/m²·K):
Ext. Surf. Transmittance (W/m²·K)
0.6
.91
4.0
RESEARCH LAB SPACE
Buoyancy driven AIRFLOW & VENTILATION
Buoyancy + Wind driven
After settling on the final specifications for the windows and skylights, Optivent was employed to assess the ventilation efficiency. The results indicate that the required buoyancy and
wind-driven components for cooling were nearly achieved in both cases, and importantly, they fall within the comfort band.
DRY RESULTANT TEMPERATURE WET BULB TEMPERATURE INTERNAL GAINS SOLAR GAINS
Natural ventilation cools the room for Natural Ventilation lowers the overal te- Natural Ventilation seems to have no Natural Ventilation seems to have
comfort but may make it too cold in winter, re- Natural temeprature, thus the number of hours effect in the internal gains of the room. no effect in the solar gains of the room.
quiring closed windows during that period. under meprature, 200C is greater with ventila-
tion.
79
SOLAR SHADING CALCULATION
RESEARCH LAB SPACE
NORTH FACING WALL
SOUTH FACING WALL
NORTH FACING ROOF
SOUTH FACING ROOF
80
SEASONAL STRATEGIES (TRIAL 6)
RESEARCH LAB SPACE
ALTITUDE ALTITUDE ALTITUDE
SPRING EQUINOX 24.070 37.380 27.000
MARCH 20,2023
A suitable amount of sunlight permeates

the interior spaces, and the ventilation strategy is
effectively operational.
S N
9 AM 12 PM 3 PM

SUMMER SOLSTICE 44.180 60.520 46.070
JUNE 21,2023
Successfully minimized the influx of direct

sunlight into the interior by strategically position-
ing windows and shading elements. The ventila-
tion strategy is effectively operational. S N
9 AM 12 PM 3 PM

AUTUMN EQUINOX 25.490 36.960 24.790
SEPTEMBER 23,2023
A suitable amount of sunlight permeates

the interior spaces, and the ventilation strategy is
effectively operational.
S N
9 AM 12 PM 3 PM
WINTER WINDS BLOCKED WINTER WINDS BLOCKED WINTER WINDS BLOCKED

WINTER SOLSTICE 4.060 13.740 4.810
DECEMBER 22,2023
Achieved optimal sunlight penetration

within the building through strategic placement
of windows and shading elements. The ventilation
strategy is effectively operational. S N
9 AM 12 PM 3 PM
81
INTERIORS (TRIAL 6)
RESEARCH LAB SPACE
OPENINGS DETAILS 3 1
TYPE : Ventilation Outlet/ Skylight
SIZE : 1235 cm (Length) X 145 cm (Height)
1 PLACEMENT : On apex facing South
SHADING : 68 cm Horizontal Shading
TYPE : Operable Windows x 3

2 SIZE : 280 cm (Length) X 140 cm (Height) x 3
PLACEMENT : On South facing Wall 2
SHADING : 68 cm Slanded (On 4 sides )
+ Delcined shading X 2
TYPE : Fixed Skylight

3 SIZE : 400 cm (Length) X 220 cm (Height)
PLACEMENT : On North facing Roof
SHADING : Vertical Louvers
TYPE : Fixed Skylight

SIZE : 75 cm (Length) X 75 cm (Height)
4
PLACEMENT : On South facing Roof
SHADING : No shading provided
FIXED OPERABLE VENTILATION

3
SKYLIGHT WINDOW OUTLET
1 3
1
2
4
2
2 ORTHOGRAPHIC
VIEW
82
REFERENCES
EPILOGUE
CHAPTER ONE: CHAPTER THREE: Through extensive testing and numer-
SITE ANALYSIS THE DESIGN PROCESS ous design iterations involving trial and er-
ror, the project has evolved to enhance both
PICTURES PICTURES its sustainability and design quality signifi-
1. https://www.broxtowe.gov.uk/for-you/parks-and-nature-conservation/walking-and-cycling/at- 1. https://www.dezeen.com/2017/08/03/kornets-hus-by-reiulf-ramstad-architects-danish- cantly. The endeavor of developing and ex-
tenborough-nature-reserve-walks/ farming-culture-denmark-education/2. https://www.nottinghamshirewildlife.org/
panding the Attenborough Nature Reserve
2. https://www.nottinghamshirewildlife.org/ 2. https://in.pinterest.com/pin/442549100876269449/ has been an elevating and transformative
3. http://www.groundworksarchitects.co.uk/attenborough/ 3. https://in.pinterest.com/pin/447967494200270312/ experience for our team. This venture not
only tested the boundaries of our expertise
4. https://riverlevels.uk/flood-warning-river-trent-and-erewash-at-attenborough-village 4. https://www.osullivanskoufoglou.com/docking
all maps sourced from:https://digimap.edina.ac.uk/roam/map/geology but also broadened our perspectives on
5. https://www.osullivanskoufoglou.com/docking
sustainable design practices.
REFERENCES 6. http://2030palette.org/top-daylighting-controls/ We express our heartfelt gratitude to
1. http://www.groundworksarchitects.co.uk/attenborough/ the dedicated staff for providing us with the
2. CLIMATE CONSULTANT APPLICATION 7. The Non-Domestic National Energy Efficiency Data-Framework 2021 (England and Wales)
3. Drajmarsh Sunpath invaluable opportunity to contribute to this
8. http://www.yorktradewindows.co.uk/triple_glazed.htm
project and for their unwavering guidance
CHAPTER TWO:
REFERENCES throughout the entire process. Their support
PROJECT INTRODUCTION 1.CIBSE environmental design 2015 has been instrumental in realizing a project
PICTURES 2. Environmental Design Guide
3. Sefaira Application
that not only meets but exceeds our collec-
1.An overview of the proposed regeneration development (EMDevCo, 2023).2. https://www.not- 4. Optivent application tive expectations. This experience has not
5. IES VE application
tinghamshirewildlife.org/
6. Building Bulletin 93 Design Targets
only reinforced our commitment to sustain-
2. Archdaily (N/D), “Wall Partition System in Laboratory Building” (Accessed 24 oct 2023) https:// 7. PHPP application able design principles but has also left an
www.archdaily.com/catalog/us/products/33851/wall-partition-system-in-laboratory-building-feco
CHAPTER FOUR:
indelible mark on our professional growth
and understanding of the intricate balance
3. https://design-milk.com/adobe-410-townsend-adobes-new-san-francisco-digs/
THE FINISHED DESIGN between nature and architecture.
4. https://www.archdaily.com/643970/bildungscampus-sonnwendviertel-ppag-architects/5583826
6e58ece09c2000063-bildungscampus-sonnwendviertel-ppag-architects-photo PICTURES
1. https://in.pinterest.com/pin/442549100876269449/
5. https://www.papercitymag.com/restaurants/blendin-coffee-shop-sugar-land-coffee-mad-scien-
tist/#130693 2. https://in.pinterest.com/pin/447967494200270312/
6. https://issuu.com/calpoly82/docs/18_renzopiano_cas 3. https://www.osullivanskoufoglou.com/docking
7. https://www.archdaily.com/6810/california-academy-of-sciences-renzo-piano 4. https://www.osullivanskoufoglou.com/docking
8. https://issuu.com/calpoly82/docs/18_renzopiano_cas
9. https://www.archdaily.com/962374/little-island-park-heatherwick-studio?ad_medium=gallery
CHAPTER FIVE:
10.https://www.arch2o.com/floating-architecture/#:~:text=Floating%20architecture%20is%20
INDIVIDUAL DESIGN
a%20building,shortage%20and%20stop%20environmental%20destruction REFERENCES
11. https://enkimagazine.com/mast-reimagines-milan-sand-quarry-centroparco-floating-oasis/ 1. Optivent application
2. IES VE application
12. https://www.hsbmarine.com/blog/floating-concrete-pontoons-and-docks
REFERENCES BIBLIOGRAPHY
1. An overview of the proposed regeneration development (EMDevCo, 2023).2. https://www. 1.CIBSE environmental design 2015
nottinghamshirewildlife.org/ 2. Environmental Design Guide
2. Sefaira Application 3. Building Bulletin 93 Design Targets
83

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Russel Meledath - Portfolio - Sustainable Design - Autumn Semsester

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ADVANCED Russel Meledath

7. Wind velocity - 12 7. SWOT Analysis - 31

10. Monthly Diurnal averages - 15

11. Relative Humidity - 6

12.. Psychrometric charts analysis - 17

13. Design Guidlines - 18

14. Flood risk assessment - 21

15. Public transporatation - 22

16. Demography & Crime - 23

2. Design Inspirations - 35 2. Visualisations - 64 2. Trials - 73

3. Design Implementation - 36 3. The physical model - 67 3. Ventilation - 79

5. Interconnectivity of spaces - 38 5. Design Achievements - 70 5. Seasonal Strategies - 81

6. Form Iterations - 40 6. Interiors - 82

7. Shading size & Strategies - 43

9. Daylight factor Analysis - 45

10. Developing the Masterplan - 46

11. Detailed floor Plan - 48

12. Seasonal Strategies - 51

13. Noise levels & Acoustics - 53

14. Desigining the Thermal - 54

15. Energy balance Analysis - 58

16. Dynamic Thermal Perfomance - 61

Nottingham NG9 6DY

Grassland Sand Martin Hide (New for 2014)

Tufted Duck Nature Trail

HISTORY OF SITE All images sourced from - https://www.nottinghamshirewildlife.org/

buildings envelope is designed to be maintainance free.”

SEMI OUTDOOR SEATING

BUILDING PLAN (EXISTING)

-All images sourced from-

SPRING EQUINOX SUMMER SOLSTICE AUTUMN EQUINOX WINTER SOLSTICE

The shadows cast by the existing building at

These shadows, crucial in the design zoning pro-

A comparative examination of the shadows

Summer Solstice features the least, and the Win-

55-2004 using PMV

-All images sourced from-

SUN SHADING CHART CLIMATE CONSULTANT APPLICATION

JUNE - EAST WEST DECEMBER EAST WEST

DECEMBER SUMMER SOLSTICE - JUNE SUMMER SOLSTICE

SPRING SUMMER SOLSTICE

SUMMER AUTUMN EQUINOX

It is evident that the wind AUTUMN WINTER SOLSTICE

WINTER SPRING SUMMER AUTUMN -All images sourced from-

S.E S.S A.E W.S

FEBRUARY SEPTEMBER OCTOBER JULY

In this particu- During this In this particular In this summer

55-2004 using PMV

WINTER SPRING SUMMER AUTUMN

S.E S.S A.E W.S S.E S.S A.E W.S

-All images sourced from- -All images sourced from-

WINTER SPRING SUMMER AUTUMN

TEMPERATURE 55-2004 using PMV

WINTER SPRING SUMMER AUTUMN

AVERAGES 55-2004 using PMV

Examining the graph, it becomes apparent that

WINTER SPRING SUMMER AUTUMN

S.E S.S A.E W.S S.E S.S A.E W.S

WET BULB WET BULB

-All images sourced from-

The Dew Point rep-

FLOOD RISK ASSESSMENT

FREQUENTLY FLOODED AREAS Gravel