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Chapter 8
Aldehydes
Ketones and
Carboxylic Acids
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Question 1
Match List I with List II
List I
A. Gatterman-Koch reaction
B. Stephen’s reaction
C. Hoffmann Bromamide degradation
D. Fittig reaction
List II
I. Diphenyl
II. Ethyl amine
III. Benzaldehyde
IV. Acetaldehyde
Choose the correct answer from the
options given below :
(a) A-IV, B-III, C-II, D-I
(b) A-III, B-IV, C-II, D-I
(c) A-III, B-II, C-IV, D-I
(d) A-IV, B-III, C-I, D-II
¥ 2023 27th May
✓ This question contains organic

reactions merged from three chapters.
Beaware of such question pattern
where you will find some topics merged
in a single question.
A Gatterman-Koch reaction :
When benzene or its derivative is
treated with carbon monoxide and
hydrogen chloride in the presence of
anhydrous aluminium chloride or
cuprous chloride, it gives
benzaldehyde or substituted
benzaldehyde.
A Stephens reaction :
Nitriles are reduced to corresponding
imine with stannous chloride in the
presence of hydrochloric acid, which
on hydrolysis give corresponding
aldehyde.
A Hoffmann Bromamide degradation :
Hoffmann developed a method for
preparation of primary amines by
treating an amide with bromine in an
aqueous or ethanolic solution of
sodium hydroxide. In this degradation
reaction, migration of an alkyl or aryl
group takes place from carbonyl
carbon of the amide to the nitrogen
atom. The amine so formed contains
one carbon less than that present in
the amide.
A Fittig reaction :
Aryl halides also give analogous
compounds when treated with sodium
in dry ether, in which two aryl groups
are joined together. It is called Fittig
reaction.
Cl
dry
2 + 2Na −−→
ether
(Diphenyl)
DIBAL
Also, nitriles are selectively reduced by
diisobutylaluminium hydride, (DIBAL-H)
to imines followed by hydrolysis to
aldehydes:
AlH(i − Bu)2
R – CN −−−−−−−−→ R – CHO
H2O
Similarly, esters are also reduced to

aldehydes with DIBAL-H.
AlH(i − Bu)2
′
RCOOR −−−−−−−−→ RCHO
H2O
Question 2
Which of the following compound(s) on
being warmed with I2 solution and
NaOH, will give Iodoform ?
A. CH3CH2OH C. H3C CH OH
CH3
B. CH3COCH3 D. CH3OH
(a) A, C, D only (c) A, B, C only

(b) B only (d) A and B only
¥ 2023 27th May
(c) A, B, C only
Compounds containing
O
CH3 C group or CH3 CH group
OH
gives positive iodoform test.
I2
(A) CH3CH2OH −−−→ CHl3 + HCOONa
NaOH
I2
(B) CH3COCH3 −−−→ CHI3 + CH3COONa
NaOH
I2
(C) CH3 CH OH −−−→ CHI3 + CH3COONa
NaOH
CH3
Question 3
1, 3-Diphenylprop-2-en-1-one is
produced by the following
(a) C6H5CHO and C6H5COCH3 → Cross
Aldol condensation
(b) C6H5COOH and C6H5COCH3 → Cross
Aldol condensation
(c) C6H5CHO → Self Aldol condensation
(d) C6H5COCH3 → Self Aldol
condensation
¥ 2023 27th May
Correct option is (a)
Cross aldol condensation: When aldol

condensation is carried out between two
different aldehydes and / or ketones, it is
called Cross Aldol Condensation
Question 4
O
O3
® −−−−→ 2
Zn−H2O
(a)
(b)
(c)
CH2
(d)
¥ 2023 27th May
Correct option is (c)

Ozonolysis
As we know, ozonolysis of alkenes
followed by reaction with zinc dust and
water gives aldehydes, ketones or a
mixture of both depending on the
substitution pattern of the alkene
Ozonolysis of alkenes involves the

addition of ozone molecule to alkene to
form ozonide, and then cleavage of the
ozonide by Zn – H2O to smaller
molecules. This reaction is highly useful
in detecting the position of the double
bond in alkenes or other unsaturated
compounds.
Question 5
Arrange the following steps of Aldol
condensation in the correct order of their
occurrence.
A. Abstraction of proton
B. Protonation
C. Formation of Enolate
D. Nucleophilic Addition
E. Elimination
options given below:
(a) ACDBE
(b) ABCDE
(c) EACDB
(d) ACBDE
¥ 2023 27th May

Question 6
Which series represents compounds in
increasing order of acidity?
(a) NO2CH2COOH > CF3COOH >
CICH2COOH > CH3COOH
(b) NO2CH2COOH > CICH2COOH >
CF3COOH > CH3COOH
(c) CH3COOH > CF3COOH >
NO2CH2COOH > CICH2COOH
(d) CF3COOH > NO2CH2COOH >
CICH2COOH > CH3COOH
¥ 2023 27th May
Correct option is (d)
The effect of following groups in

increasing acidity orders is
Ph < I < Br < Cl < F < CN < NO2 < CF3
Question 7
The hybridisation of the C in the carbonyl
group is:
(a) sp
2
(b) sp
3
(c) sp
3
(d) sp d
¥ 2023 27th May
Correct option is (b)

Question 8
List I
A. C6H5CHO C. HCN
B. CH3C ≡ CH −
D. I
List II
(i) Precipitation with 2, 4 DNP
(ii) Precipitation with AgNO3
(ammoniacal)
(iii) Nucleophile
(iv) Cyanohydrin formation
(a) A-I, B-II, C-III, D-IV
(b) A-IV, B-III, C-II, D-I
(c) A-I, B-II, C-IV, D-III
(d) A-II, B-III, C-I, D-IV
¥ 2023 25th May
A Carbonyl compounds like C6H5CHO

give 2, 4-DNP test.
A Terminal alkynes like CH3C ≡ CH give
precipitate with ammoniacal AgNO3.
A HCN forms cyanohydrin with
carbonyl compounds.
−
A I is a good nucleophile.
Question 9
Identify the product ‘ X ’ in the following
reaction
NaOH+CaO
C2H5COONa −−−−−−−−→ X + Na2CO3
Heat
(a) C2H4 (b) C2H6

(c) C3H8 (d) C3H6
¥ 2023 25th May
(b) C2H6
Decarboxylation
A Carboxylic acids lose carbon dioxide to
form hydrocarbons when their sodium
salts are heated with sodalime (NaOH
and CaO in the ratio of [3 : 1]). The
reaction is known as decarboxylation.
A Alkali metal salts of carboxylic acids
also undergo decarboxylation on
electrolysis of their aqueous solutions
and form hydrocarbons having twice
the number of carbon atoms present
in the alkyl group of the acid. The
reaction is known as Kolbe electrolysis
Question 10
Which of the following compound is most
reactive towards nucleophilic addition
reaction ?
O
(a) CH3 C H
(b) CH3 C CH3

O
C H
(c)
O
C CH3
(d)
O
¥ 2023 25th May
Option (a) is correct

§ Aldehydes are more reactive than
ketones towards nucleophilic addition
reaction
§ Aliphatic aldehydes are more reactive
than the aromatic aldehydes towards
nucleophilic addition reaction
§ Hence order of reactivity
1>3>2>4
Question 11
Match the test used for distinguishing the
following organic compounds :
List I → Compounds
(A) (CH3)3N, CH3CH2CH2NH2
(B) HCOOH, CH3COOH
(C) CH3 C CH2 CH2 CH3,
O
CH3 CH2 C CH2 CH3
O
(D) CH3−CH2−CH2−CH2−OH,
CH3
CH3 C OH
CH3
List II → Tests
I. Tollen’s test III. Carbylamine test

II. Lucas test IV. Iodoform test
(b) A-III, B-II, C-I, D-IV
(c) A-III, B-I, C-IV, D-II
(d) A-III, B-IV, C-II, D-I
¥ 2023 25th May
§ Carbylamine Test is performed by

primary amine
§ Tollen’s Test → Formic acid gives
positive Tollen’s test while acetic acid
does not
§ Iodoform Test → α-methylketones give
positive Iodoform test while other
ketones does not
§ Lucas Test → Reaction with
ZnCl2/conc. HCl (Lucas reagent) with
tertiary alcohol forms immediate
turbidity while primary alcohol does
not get turbidity even on heating
Question 12
Out of the following compounds, which
will give iodoform test.
A. Isopropyl alcohol
B. Isobutyl alcohol
C. Secondary butyl alcohol
D. Ethyl alcohol
E. Acetic Acid
(a) A, B, D
(b) A, C, D
(c) A, D
(d) A, D, E
¥ 2023 25th May
(b) A, C, D
Theory Recap
Iodoform reaction with sodium
hypoiodite is used for detection of CH3CO
group or CH3CH(OH) group which
produces CH3CO group on oxidation.
OH O
CH3 CH and CH3 C
groups gives iodoform test
Will give iodoform test

OH
CH3 CH CH3 → Isopropyl alcohol
OH
CH3 CH CH2 CH3 → Secondary butyl
alcohol
CH3CH2OH → Ethyl alcohol
Will not give iodoform test
CH3
CH3 CH CH2OH → Isobutyl alcohol
O
CH3 C OH → Acetic Acid
Reaction & Conditions

A Aldehydes and ketones having at least
one methyl group linked to the
carbonyl carbon atom (methyl
ketones)
A Oxidised by sodium hypohalite (NaOX)
A Compound formed → sodium salts of
corresponding carboxylic acids having
one carbon atom less than that of
carbonyl compound.
A The methyl group is converted to
haloform.
A This oxidation does not affect a
carbon-carbon double bond, if present
in the molecule.
A – CH3 breaks and becomes CHX3
OH O
A R CH CH3 and R C CH3
becomes
OH O
R CH ONa and R C ONa
Question 13
Oxidation of acetaldehyde with SeO2
forms :
(a) Ethanoic acid (c) Glyoxal

(b) Methanolic acid (d) Oxalic acid
¥ 2023 25th May
(c) Glyoxal
CH3CHO + SeO2 → OHC − CHO + Se + H2O
glyoxal
Aldehydes or ketones on oxidation with

SeO2 gives dicarbonyl compounds.
Question 14
Samples of benzaldehyde and acetaldehyde can be
distinguished by using
(1) 2,4 Dinitrophenylhydrazine (2) Tollen’s reagent
(3) Mixture of Fehling solution A + B (4) Zn-Hg/HCl
¥ 2023 23rd May
(3) Mixture of Fehling solution A + B
Acetaldehyde gives positive Fehling’s test while

benzaldehyde does not respond to the Fehling’s reagent.
2+ − −
CH3CHO + 2Cu + 5OH → CH3COO + Cu2O + 3H2O
(Red brown
precipitate )
Question 15
Correct IUPAC name of
O
CH3 CH2 CH CH C H
(a) pent-2-enal
(b) pent-2-enol
(c) pent-3-enal
(d) pent-3-enol
§ 2023 23rd May
(a) pent-2-enal
Question 16
Samples of benzaldehyde and
acetaldehyde can be distinguished by
using
(a) 2,4 Dinitrophenylhydrazine
(b) Tollen’s reagent
(c) Mixture of Fehling solution A + B
(d) Zn-Hg/HCl
§ 2023 23rd May
Acetaldehyde gives positive Fehling’s test

while benzaldehyde does not respond to
the Fehling’s reagent.
Question 17
Match List-I with List-II
List-I
A. Stephen reduction C. Wolff Kishner reduction

B. Clemmensen reduction D. Rosenmund reduction
List-II
H2
I. PhCOCl −−−−−→ PhCHO + HCl
pd/BaSO4
Zn
II. C = O + HCl −→ CH2 + H2O
Hg
+
HCl H3O
III. RCN −−→ RCH = NH −−→ RCHO
SnCl2
NH2NH2 KOH
IV. C = O −−−−→ C = N-NH2 −−−→ CH2 + N2
glycol
Choose the correct answer from the options given below :

(a) A-III, B-II, C-IV, D-I
(c) A-II, B-III, C-I, D-IV
(d) A-II, B-III, C-IV, D-I
¥ 2023 23rd May

Question 18
Pentan−2−one and pentan−3−one can
be distinguished by
(a) Iodoform test
(b) Neutral FeCl3 test
(c) Blue litmus test
(d) Lucas reagent test
¥ 2023 23rd May
(a) Iodoform test

Question 19
Which aldehyde is used to preserve
biological specimens ?
(a) Acetaldehyde (c) Butanal

(b) Benzaldehyde (d) Formaldehyde
¥ 2023 23rd May
(d) Formaldehyde
Formaldehyde is will known as formalin

(40%) solution used to preserve
biological specimens.
Question 20
Arrange the following carboxylic acids in
increasing order of their acid strength
A. CH3COOH
B. CH3CH2COOH
C. C6H5CH2COOH
D. C6H5COOH
(a) A > B > D > C
(b) A > B > C > D
(c) D > C > A > B
(d) C > D > B > A
¥ 2023 23rd May
(c) D > C > A > B
A Smaller the pKa value, the stronger the

acid.
A Electron withdrawing groups increase
the acidity of carboxylic acids by
stabilising the conjugate base through
delocalisation of negative charge by
inductive / resonance effect.
Question 21
Write the correct IUPAC name of the
compound given below
CH3 C CH2 CH2 C OH
O O
(a) 2-Oxopentanoic acid
(b) 4-Formylpentanoic acid
(c) 4-Oxopentanoic acid
(d) 4-Onepentanoic acid
x [2022 30th August Slot 2 ]

Question 22
Which one of the following product is
NOT formed when mixture of ethanal
and propanal heated with dil NaOH ?
(a) But-2-enal
(b) Pent-3-enal
(c) 2-Methylpent-2-enal
(d) 2-Methylbut-2-enal
(b) Pent-3-enal
When aldol condensation is carried out

between two different
aldehydes/ketones, it is called cross aldol
condensation. If both of them contain
α-hydrogen atoms, it gives a mixture of
four products.
Question 23
LIST-I
A. Hoffman Bromamide degradation
B. Hell-Volhard-Zelinsky reaction
C. Rosenmund reduction
D. Stephen reaction
LIST-II
I. X2/Red phosphorus
II. Br2 + NaOH
III. SnCl2 + HCl
IV. H2, Pd-BaSO4

options given below
(a) (A)-(II), (B)-(IV), (C)-(I), (D)-(III)

(b) (A)-(II), (B)-(I), (C)-(IV), (D)-(III)
(c) (A)-(III), (B)-(I), (C)-(IV), (D)-(II)
(d) (A)-(III), (B)-(IV), (C)-(I), (D)-(II)
(b) (A)-(II), (B)-(I), (C)-(IV), (D)-(III)

Question 24
Identify the product (A) formed in the
following sequence of reaction
O
+
(i) [Ag(NH3)2] followed by H3O +
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−→ A
(ii) NABH4/H2O (iii) (H3CCO)2O/H3O+
CHO
O OH
(a) (b)
COOH COOH
COOH OCH3
(c) (d)
OCOCH3 COOH
Option (c) is correct

O O
+
[Ag(NH3)2]
−−−−−−−−−→
followed by H3O+
CHO COOH
O OH
NABH4/H2O
−−−−−−→
COOH COOH
OH OCOCH3
(H3CCO)2O/H3O+
−−−−−−−−−→
COOH COOH
Question 25
C O + R −→ P
List I
Reagent (R)
A. NH2NHCONH2
B. NH2–OH C. NH2NH2
NH2 NH
NO2
D.
NO2
List II
Name of the product formed on
addition to carbonyl compounds (P)
I. Oxime
II. Hydroazone
III. 2, 4-Dinitrophenylhydrazone
IV. Semicarbazone
(a) A-I, B-III, C-IV, D-II
(b) A-IV, B-I, C-II, D-III
(c) A-II, B-III, C-IV, D-I
x [2022 23rd August Slot 2 ]

Question 26
Pd,BaSO4
RCOCl + H2 −−−−−→ X + HCl
X can be
A. CH3COCH3
O
C CH3
B.
CHO
C.
D. CH3CH2COCH3
E. CHO

(a) A, B and C only
(b) B, C and D only
(c) C and E only
(d) B and D only
(c) C and E only

O
Pd,BaSO4
R C Cl + H2 −−−−−→ X + HCl
O
CHO
Cl H2
−−−−−→
Pd,BaSO4
CHO
So, X is
O O
Pd,BaSO4
−−−−−→
Cl + H2 H + HCl
Question 27
pKa value of
COOH COOH
is less than of
NO2 OCH3
because
(a) NO2 is an electron donating group

which increases electron-density on
ring.
(b) NO2 is an electron-withdrawing group

which decreases electron- density on
ring.
COOH COOH
(c) is less acidic than
NO2 OCH3
COOH
(d) Hyperconjugation is more in
NO2

COOH COOH
is more acidic than
NO2 OCH3
due to electron withdrawing nature of
–NO2 which decreases electron density
on benzene ring.
Question 28
The structure representing
semicarbazone of cyclopentanone
correctly is
O
N NH C NH2
(a)
N NH
(b)
NO2
N NH NO2
(c)
N OH
(d)
O
O O N NH C NH2
+ H2N NH C NH2 −→
Question 29
The IUPAC name of the given compound
C6H5 O CH2 CH2 C CH3

CH3
(a) 2-Methylbutoxybenzene
(b) 3-Methylbutoxybenzene
(c) 3-Methylphenoxybenzene
(d) 2-methyl-4-phenoxybutane
x [2022 21st August Slot 2 ]
Question 30
C6H5COOC2H5 on acid catalysed
hydrolysis produces
(a) Benzoic acid + Ethanol
(b) Ethanoic acid + Phenol
(c) Benzoic acid + Ethanoic acid
(d) Ethanoic acid + Benzene

O + O
H /H2O
C6H5 C O C2H5 −
)−−−−*
−−−−− C6H5 C OH + C2H5OH
Question 31
CH2CH2CH3
KMnO4−KOH H3O+
−−−−−−−→ X −−→
Heat
The product Y formed in the above

reaction is
CH2CH2COOH
(a)
CH2CH2CH2OH
(b)
COOH
(c)
CH2CH2CH3
(d)
HOOC
CH2CH2CH3 COOK COOH
KMnO4−KOH H3O+
−−−−−−−→ −−→
Heat
Question 32
The reagent which converts
alkylbenzenes to carboxylic acids is
(a) CrO2Cl2
(b) CrO3
(c) Anhydrous AlCl3/CuCl
(d) KMnO4 – KOH/∆, HCl

CH3
Let alkyl benzene is
CH3 COOK COOH
KMnO4−KOH HCl
−−−−−−−→ −→
∆
Question 33
Which one of the following will be
named as a carbaldehyde ?
O
C CH2CH3
(a)
(b) CHO
(c)
CH3
O
(d) H3C CH CH2 C H
Br
Option (d) is correct
Theory Recap
When the aldehyde group is attached to a
ring, the suffix carbaldehyde is added
after the full name of the cycloalkane.
Option (a), (b) and (c) is already in a
ring structure.
The numbering of the ring carbon atoms
start from the carbon atom attached to
the aldehyde group. The name of the
simplest aromatic aldehyde carrying the
aldehyde group on a benzene ring is
benzenecarbaldehyde. However, the
common name benzaldehyde is also
accepted by IUPAC. Other aromatic
aldehydes are hence named as
substituted benzaldehydes.
Question 34
List-I −→ Given pair of organic

compounds can be distinguished by
(1) Ethanal/Propanal
(2) Ethanol/Ethanoic acid
(3) Butanal/Butan-2-one
(4) Benzaldehyde/Ethanal
List-II −→ Tests
(I) Sodium Hydrogen carbonate test
(II) Fehling’s Test
(III) Tollen’s Test
(IV) Iodoform Test

(a) 1 – IV, 2 – I, 3 – II, 4 – III
(b) 1 – III, 2 – II, 3 – IV, 4 – I
(c) 1 – IV, 2 – I, 3 – III, 4 – II
(d) 1 – I, 2 – II, 3 – III, 4 – IV
x [2022 17th August Slot 1]
(c) 1 – IV, 2 – I, 3 – III, 4 – II

Question 35
Jones Reagent is :
(a) KMnO4 | H2SO4
(b) K2Cr2O7 | H2SO4
(c) CrO3 | H2SO4
(d) KMnO4 | KOH
(c) CrO3 | H2SO4
§ Theory Recap
Chromium trioxide (CrO3) in acidic
media is called Jones reagent.
Question 36
List I (Nomenclature)
(1) Acetophenone (3) Benzoic acid

(2) Benzaldehyde (4) Benzophenone
List II (Structure)
CHO
(I)
O
C
CH3
(II)
O
(III)
COOH
(IV)

(A) 1–III, 2–I, 3–II, 4–IV
(B) 1–II, 2–I, 3–IV, 4–III
(C) 1–I, 2–II, 3–III, 4–IV
(D) 1–IV, 2–III, 3–II, 4–I
(B) 1–II, 2–I, 3–IV, 4–III

Question 37
Which simple chemical test is used to
distinguish between ethanal and
propanal ?
(A) Iodoform test (C) Fehling’s test

(B) Tollen’s test (D) Lucas test
(A) Iodoform test

I2
CH3CHO −−−→ CHI3 + HCOONa
NaOH
I2
CH3CH2CHO −−−→ No change
NaOH
Ethanal gives positive iodoform test.
Question 38
Which of the following compound would
undergo Aldol condensation ?
(a) Methanal
(b) Benzaldehyde
(c) 2, 2-Dimethylbutanal
(d) Phenylacetaldehyde
Aldehydes which contain at least 2α

hydrogen atoms, undergo Aldol
condensation reaction
Phenylacetaldehyde contains 2α
hydrogen atoms and undergoes aldol
condensation reaction in presence of
dilute alkali.
Question 39
The compound formed on reaction of
propanone with methylmagnesium
bromide followed by hydrolysis is
OH
(A) H3C CH CH3

CH3
(B) CH3 C OH
CH3
(C) CH3CH2CH2OH
(D) CH3CH2CH2CH2OH
Correct option is (B)

Question 40
The major product in the above reaction
is
dil NaOH
C6H5CHO + C6H5COCH3 −−−−−→ ?
∆
(A) C6H5CH – CHC6H5
(B) C6H5CH – CHCOC6H5
(C) C6H5CH2OH + C6H5CH(OH)C6H5
(D) C6H5CH2OH + C6H5COONa
It is an aldol condensation reaction

Question 41
Benzaldehyde reacts with semicarbazide
to give
(A) N +
NCl −
H O
(B) C N NH C NH2
H O
(C) C N C NHNH2
O
(D) C NH2

Question 42
A compound ‘A’ on reaction with
NaCN/HCl gives compound B which on
hydrolysis in acidic medium gives α –
Hydroxyphenyl acetic acid. Identify
compound A
(A) CH3
(B) CHO
(C) CH2OH
(D) COOH

Question 43
Identify name of reaction which is used
to convert Propanone to
4-Methylpent-3-en-2-one
(A) Aldol reaction
(B) Cannizaro reaction
(C) Aldol condensation
(D) Cross aldol condensation

Question 44
Out of following given compounds,
identify which carbonyl compound gives
aldol reaction ?
H C O
O
(A) H C H (B)
O
(C) CH3 C H
Cl O
(D) CH3 C C H
Cl
Correct option is (C)
Aldehydes having α-hydrogens give aldol

reaction e.g. CH3CHO
What is α-carbon ?
The carbon that is one carbon away from
an aldehyde or ketone group or other
functional group is the alpha carbon. For
example :
An alpha carbon can also be a beta

carbon, depending upon the reference
point. For Ex-
At least one α hydrogen is must
Aldehydes and ketones having at least
one α-hydrogen undergo a reaction in
the presence of dilute alkali as catalyst to
form β-hydroxy aldehydes (aldol) or
β-hydroxy ketones (ketol), respectively.
This is known as Aldol reaction.
Question 45
Ethanal undergoes nucleophilic addition
reaction at faster speed than acetone, this
is because of
(A) Acetone has 6 α-hydrogen atoms
(B) Electrophilicity of carbon of carbonyl
group is high in ethanal
(C) Electrophilicity of carbon of carbonyl
group is less in ethanal
(D) Nucleophilicity of carbon of carbonyl
group in ethanal is high
As the electrophilicity of carbon of

carbonyl group is high in ethanal, it
undergoes nucleophilic addition reaction
at faster speed than acetone.
Question 46
Aldehydes react with one equivalent of
monohydric alcohols in the presence of
dry hydrogen chloride to give
(A) An acetal (C) An oxime

(B) A hemiacetal (D) A ketal

Question 47
Identify the reagent which is used to
check the presence of an aldehyde or a
keto group in an organic compound
H
N NH2
NO2
.. ..
(A) H2NNHOH (B)
NO2
H O
..
(C) H2N N C NH2 (D)
NH NH2

2, 4-Dinitrophenyl hydrazine reacts with
aldehydes or ketones to form yellow,
orange, or reddish-orange precipitates.
Some N-Substituted Derivatives of

Aldehydes and Ketones (>C=N-Z)
Cyanohydrins
A Aldehydes and ketones react with

hydrogen cyanide (HCN) to yield
cyanohydrins. This reaction occurs
very slowly with pure HCN.
A Therefore, it is catalysed by a base
–
and the generated cyanide ion (CN )
being a stronger nucleophile readily
adds to carbonyl compounds to yield
corresponding cyanohydrin.
A Cyanohydrins are useful synthetic
intermediates
Practice Questions
Question 1
The C=O group of aldehydes and ketones
is reduced to ® group on treatment
with zinc amalgam and ® is
called Clemmensen reduction
(a) C − OH, Hydrazine

(b) −CH2, conc. HCl
(c) −OH, Hydrazine
(d) −CH3, conc. HCl
§ Theory Recap
is reduced to −CH2 group on treatment
with zinc amalgam and conc. HCl is
Question 2
The product formed in aldol
condensation is
(a) an α, β-unsaturated ester.
(b) a beta-hydroxy acid.
(c) a beta-hydroxy aldehyde or
a beta-hydroxy ketone.
(d) an alpha-hydroxy aldehyde or ketone.
Option (c) is correct.
§ Theory Recap
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Chapter 8
Aldehydes
Ketones and
Carboxylic Acids

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Question 1
List I
A. Gatterman-Koch reaction
B. Stephen’s reaction
C. Hoffmann Bromamide degradation
D. Fittig reaction
List II
I. Diphenyl
II. Ethyl amine
III. Benzaldehyde
IV. Acetaldehyde
(a) A-IV, B-III, C-II, D-I
(d) A-IV, B-III, C-I, D-II
¥ 2023 27th May
✓ This question contains organic

reactions merged from three chapters.
Beaware of such question pattern
where you will find some topics merged
in a single question.
A Gatterman-Koch reaction :
When benzene or its derivative is
treated with carbon monoxide and
hydrogen chloride in the presence of
anhydrous aluminium chloride or
cuprous chloride, it gives
benzaldehyde or substituted
benzaldehyde.
A Stephens reaction :
Nitriles are reduced to corresponding
imine with stannous chloride in the
presence of hydrochloric acid, which
on hydrolysis give corresponding
aldehyde.
A Hoffmann Bromamide degradation :
Hoffmann developed a method for
preparation of primary amines by
treating an amide with bromine in an
aqueous or ethanolic solution of
sodium hydroxide. In this degradation
reaction, migration of an alkyl or aryl
group takes place from carbonyl
carbon of the amide to the nitrogen
atom. The amine so formed contains
one carbon less than that present in
the amide.
A Fittig reaction :
Aryl halides also give analogous
compounds when treated with sodium
in dry ether, in which two aryl groups
are joined together. It is called Fittig
reaction.
Cl
dry
2 + 2Na −−→
ether
(Diphenyl)
DIBAL
Also, nitriles are selectively reduced by
diisobutylaluminium hydride, (DIBAL-H)
to imines followed by hydrolysis to
aldehydes:
AlH(i − Bu)2
R – CN −−−−−−−−→ R – CHO
H2O
Similarly, esters are also reduced to

aldehydes with DIBAL-H.
AlH(i − Bu)2
′
RCOOR −−−−−−−−→ RCHO
H2O
Question 2
Which of the following compound(s) on
being warmed with I2 solution and
NaOH, will give Iodoform ?
A. CH3CH2OH C. H3C CH OH
CH3
B. CH3COCH3 D. CH3OH
(a) A, C, D only (c) A, B, C only

(b) B only (d) A and B only
¥ 2023 27th May
(c) A, B, C only
O
CH3 C group or CH3 CH group
OH
gives positive iodoform test.
I2
(A) CH3CH2OH −−−→ CHl3 + HCOONa
NaOH
I2
(B) CH3COCH3 −−−→ CHI3 + CH3COONa
NaOH
I2
(C) CH3 CH OH −−−→ CHI3 + CH3COONa
NaOH
CH3
Question 3
1, 3-Diphenylprop-2-en-1-one is
produced by the following
(a) C6H5CHO and C6H5COCH3 → Cross
Aldol condensation
(b) C6H5COOH and C6H5COCH3 → Cross
Aldol condensation
(c) C6H5CHO → Self Aldol condensation
(d) C6H5COCH3 → Self Aldol
condensation
¥ 2023 27th May
Cross aldol condensation: When aldol

condensation is carried out between two
different aldehydes and / or ketones, it is
called Cross Aldol Condensation
Question 4
O
O3
® −−−−→ 2
Zn−H2O
(a)
(b)
(c)
CH2
(d)
¥ 2023 27th May
Correct option is (c)

Ozonolysis
As we know, ozonolysis of alkenes
followed by reaction with zinc dust and
water gives aldehydes, ketones or a
mixture of both depending on the
substitution pattern of the alkene
Ozonolysis of alkenes involves the

addition of ozone molecule to alkene to
form ozonide, and then cleavage of the
ozonide by Zn – H2O to smaller
molecules. This reaction is highly useful
in detecting the position of the double
bond in alkenes or other unsaturated
compounds.
Question 5
Arrange the following steps of Aldol
condensation in the correct order of their
occurrence.
A. Abstraction of proton
B. Protonation
C. Formation of Enolate
D. Nucleophilic Addition
E. Elimination
options given below:
(a) ACDBE
(b) ABCDE
(c) EACDB
(d) ACBDE
¥ 2023 27th May

Question 6
Which series represents compounds in
increasing order of acidity?
(a) NO2CH2COOH > CF3COOH >
CICH2COOH > CH3COOH
(b) NO2CH2COOH > CICH2COOH >
CF3COOH > CH3COOH
(c) CH3COOH > CF3COOH >
NO2CH2COOH > CICH2COOH
(d) CF3COOH > NO2CH2COOH >
CICH2COOH > CH3COOH
¥ 2023 27th May
Correct option is (d)
The effect of following groups in

increasing acidity orders is
Ph < I < Br < Cl < F < CN < NO2 < CF3
Question 7
The hybridisation of the C in the carbonyl
group is:
(a) sp
2
(b) sp
3
(c) sp
3
(d) sp d
¥ 2023 27th May
Correct option is (b)

Question 8
List I
A. C6H5CHO C. HCN
B. CH3C ≡ CH −
D. I
List II
(i) Precipitation with 2, 4 DNP
(ii) Precipitation with AgNO3
(ammoniacal)
(iii) Nucleophile
(iv) Cyanohydrin formation
(b) A-IV, B-III, C-II, D-I
¥ 2023 25th May
A Carbonyl compounds like C6H5CHO

give 2, 4-DNP test.
A Terminal alkynes like CH3C ≡ CH give
precipitate with ammoniacal AgNO3.
A HCN forms cyanohydrin with
carbonyl compounds.
−
A I is a good nucleophile.
Question 9
Identify the product ‘ X ’ in the following
reaction
NaOH+CaO
C2H5COONa −−−−−−−−→ X + Na2CO3
Heat
(a) C2H4 (b) C2H6

(c) C3H8 (d) C3H6
¥ 2023 25th May
(b) C2H6
Decarboxylation
A Carboxylic acids lose carbon dioxide to
form hydrocarbons when their sodium
salts are heated with sodalime (NaOH
and CaO in the ratio of [3 : 1]). The
reaction is known as decarboxylation.
A Alkali metal salts of carboxylic acids
also undergo decarboxylation on
electrolysis of their aqueous solutions
and form hydrocarbons having twice
the number of carbon atoms present
in the alkyl group of the acid. The
reaction is known as Kolbe electrolysis
Question 10
Which of the following compound is most
reactive towards nucleophilic addition
reaction ?
O
(a) CH3 C H
(b) CH3 C CH3

O
C H
(c)
O
C CH3
(d)
O
¥ 2023 25th May

§ Aldehydes are more reactive than
ketones towards nucleophilic addition
reaction
§ Aliphatic aldehydes are more reactive
than the aromatic aldehydes towards
nucleophilic addition reaction
§ Hence order of reactivity
1>3>2>4
Question 11
Match the test used for distinguishing the
following organic compounds :
List I → Compounds
(A) (CH3)3N, CH3CH2CH2NH2
(B) HCOOH, CH3COOH
(C) CH3 C CH2 CH2 CH3,
O
CH3 CH2 C CH2 CH3
O
(D) CH3−CH2−CH2−CH2−OH,
CH3
CH3 C OH
CH3
List II → Tests
I. Tollen’s test III. Carbylamine test

II. Lucas test IV. Iodoform test
¥ 2023 25th May
§ Carbylamine Test is performed by

primary amine
§ Tollen’s Test → Formic acid gives
positive Tollen’s test while acetic acid
does not
§ Iodoform Test → α-methylketones give
positive Iodoform test while other
ketones does not
§ Lucas Test → Reaction with
ZnCl2/conc. HCl (Lucas reagent) with
tertiary alcohol forms immediate
turbidity while primary alcohol does
not get turbidity even on heating
Question 12
Out of the following compounds, which
will give iodoform test.
A. Isopropyl alcohol
B. Isobutyl alcohol
C. Secondary butyl alcohol
D. Ethyl alcohol
E. Acetic Acid
(a) A, B, D
(b) A, C, D
(c) A, D
(d) A, D, E
¥ 2023 25th May
(b) A, C, D
Theory Recap
Iodoform reaction with sodium
hypoiodite is used for detection of CH3CO
group or CH3CH(OH) group which
produces CH3CO group on oxidation.
OH O
CH3 CH and CH3 C
groups gives iodoform test
Will give iodoform test

OH
CH3 CH CH3 → Isopropyl alcohol
OH
CH3 CH CH2 CH3 → Secondary butyl
alcohol
CH3CH2OH → Ethyl alcohol
Will not give iodoform test
CH3
CH3 CH CH2OH → Isobutyl alcohol
O
CH3 C OH → Acetic Acid
Reaction & Conditions

A Aldehydes and ketones having at least
one methyl group linked to the
carbonyl carbon atom (methyl
ketones)
A Oxidised by sodium hypohalite (NaOX)
A Compound formed → sodium salts of
corresponding carboxylic acids having
one carbon atom less than that of
carbonyl compound.
A The methyl group is converted to
haloform.
A This oxidation does not affect a
carbon-carbon double bond, if present
in the molecule.
A – CH3 breaks and becomes CHX3
OH O
A R CH CH3 and R C CH3
becomes
OH O
R CH ONa and R C ONa
Question 13
Oxidation of acetaldehyde with SeO2
forms :
(a) Ethanoic acid (c) Glyoxal

(b) Methanolic acid (d) Oxalic acid
¥ 2023 25th May
(c) Glyoxal
CH3CHO + SeO2 → OHC − CHO + Se + H2O
glyoxal
Aldehydes or ketones on oxidation with

SeO2 gives dicarbonyl compounds.
Question 14
Samples of benzaldehyde and acetaldehyde can be
distinguished by using
(1) 2,4 Dinitrophenylhydrazine (2) Tollen’s reagent
(3) Mixture of Fehling solution A + B (4) Zn-Hg/HCl
¥ 2023 23rd May
(3) Mixture of Fehling solution A + B
Acetaldehyde gives positive Fehling’s test while

benzaldehyde does not respond to the Fehling’s reagent.
2+ − −
CH3CHO + 2Cu + 5OH → CH3COO + Cu2O + 3H2O
(Red brown
precipitate )
Question 15
Correct IUPAC name of
O
CH3 CH2 CH CH C H
(a) pent-2-enal
(b) pent-2-enol
(c) pent-3-enal
(d) pent-3-enol
§ 2023 23rd May
(a) pent-2-enal
Question 16
Samples of benzaldehyde and
acetaldehyde can be distinguished by
using
(a) 2,4 Dinitrophenylhydrazine
(b) Tollen’s reagent
(d) Zn-Hg/HCl
§ 2023 23rd May
Acetaldehyde gives positive Fehling’s test

while benzaldehyde does not respond to
the Fehling’s reagent.
Question 17
List-I
A. Stephen reduction C. Wolff Kishner reduction

B. Clemmensen reduction D. Rosenmund reduction
List-II
H2
I. PhCOCl −−−−−→ PhCHO + HCl
pd/BaSO4
Zn
II. C = O + HCl −→ CH2 + H2O
Hg
+
HCl H3O
III. RCN −−→ RCH = NH −−→ RCHO
SnCl2
NH2NH2 KOH
IV. C = O −−−−→ C = N-NH2 −−−→ CH2 + N2
glycol
Choose the correct answer from the options given below :

(c) A-II, B-III, C-I, D-IV
(d) A-II, B-III, C-IV, D-I
¥ 2023 23rd May

Question 18
Pentan−2−one and pentan−3−one can
be distinguished by
(a) Iodoform test
(b) Neutral FeCl3 test
(c) Blue litmus test
(d) Lucas reagent test
¥ 2023 23rd May
(a) Iodoform test

Question 19
Which aldehyde is used to preserve
biological specimens ?
(a) Acetaldehyde (c) Butanal

(b) Benzaldehyde (d) Formaldehyde
¥ 2023 23rd May
(d) Formaldehyde
Formaldehyde is will known as formalin

(40%) solution used to preserve
biological specimens.
Question 20
Arrange the following carboxylic acids in
increasing order of their acid strength
A. CH3COOH
B. CH3CH2COOH
C. C6H5CH2COOH
D. C6H5COOH
(a) A > B > D > C
(b) A > B > C > D
(c) D > C > A > B
(d) C > D > B > A
¥ 2023 23rd May
(c) D > C > A > B
A Smaller the pKa value, the stronger the

acid.
A Electron withdrawing groups increase
the acidity of carboxylic acids by
stabilising the conjugate base through
delocalisation of negative charge by
inductive / resonance effect.
Question 21
Write the correct IUPAC name of the
compound given below
CH3 C CH2 CH2 C OH
O O
(a) 2-Oxopentanoic acid
(b) 4-Formylpentanoic acid
(d) 4-Onepentanoic acid

Question 22
Which one of the following product is
NOT formed when mixture of ethanal
and propanal heated with dil NaOH ?
(a) But-2-enal
(b) Pent-3-enal
(c) 2-Methylpent-2-enal
(d) 2-Methylbut-2-enal
(b) Pent-3-enal
When aldol condensation is carried out

between two different
aldehydes/ketones, it is called cross aldol
condensation. If both of them contain
α-hydrogen atoms, it gives a mixture of
four products.
Question 23
LIST-I
A. Hoffman Bromamide degradation
B. Hell-Volhard-Zelinsky reaction
C. Rosenmund reduction
D. Stephen reaction
LIST-II
I. X2/Red phosphorus
II. Br2 + NaOH
III. SnCl2 + HCl
IV. H2, Pd-BaSO4

options given below
(a) (A)-(II), (B)-(IV), (C)-(I), (D)-(III)

(b) (A)-(II), (B)-(I), (C)-(IV), (D)-(III)
(c) (A)-(III), (B)-(I), (C)-(IV), (D)-(II)
(d) (A)-(III), (B)-(IV), (C)-(I), (D)-(II)
(b) (A)-(II), (B)-(I), (C)-(IV), (D)-(III)

Question 24
Identify the product (A) formed in the
following sequence of reaction
O
+
(i) [Ag(NH3)2] followed by H3O +
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−→ A
(ii) NABH4/H2O (iii) (H3CCO)2O/H3O+
CHO
O OH
(a) (b)
COOH COOH
COOH OCH3
(c) (d)
OCOCH3 COOH

O O
+
[Ag(NH3)2]
−−−−−−−−−→
followed by H3O+
CHO COOH
O OH
NABH4/H2O
−−−−−−→
COOH COOH
OH OCOCH3
(H3CCO)2O/H3O+
−−−−−−−−−→
COOH COOH
Question 25
C O + R −→ P
List I
Reagent (R)
A. NH2NHCONH2
B. NH2–OH C. NH2NH2
NH2 NH
NO2
D.
NO2
List II
Name of the product formed on
addition to carbonyl compounds (P)
I. Oxime
II. Hydroazone
III. 2, 4-Dinitrophenylhydrazone
IV. Semicarbazone
(a) A-I, B-III, C-IV, D-II
(c) A-II, B-III, C-IV, D-I

Question 26
Pd,BaSO4
RCOCl + H2 −−−−−→ X + HCl
X can be
A. CH3COCH3
O
C CH3
B.
CHO
C.
D. CH3CH2COCH3
E. CHO

(a) A, B and C only
(b) B, C and D only
(c) C and E only
(d) B and D only
(c) C and E only

O
Pd,BaSO4
R C Cl + H2 −−−−−→ X + HCl
O
CHO
Cl H2
−−−−−→
Pd,BaSO4
CHO
So, X is
O O
Pd,BaSO4
−−−−−→
Cl + H2 H + HCl
Question 27
pKa value of
COOH COOH
is less than of
NO2 OCH3
because
(a) NO2 is an electron donating group

which increases electron-density on
ring.
(b) NO2 is an electron-withdrawing group

which decreases electron- density on
ring.
COOH COOH
(c) is less acidic than
NO2 OCH3
COOH
(d) Hyperconjugation is more in
NO2

COOH COOH
is more acidic than
NO2 OCH3
due to electron withdrawing nature of
–NO2 which decreases electron density
on benzene ring.
Question 28
The structure representing
semicarbazone of cyclopentanone
correctly is
O
N NH C NH2
(a)
N NH
(b)
NO2
N NH NO2
(c)
N OH
(d)
O
O O N NH C NH2
+ H2N NH C NH2 −→
Question 29
The IUPAC name of the given compound
C6H5 O CH2 CH2 C CH3

CH3
(a) 2-Methylbutoxybenzene
(c) 3-Methylphenoxybenzene
(d) 2-methyl-4-phenoxybutane
Question 30
C6H5COOC2H5 on acid catalysed
hydrolysis produces
(b) Ethanoic acid + Phenol
(c) Benzoic acid + Ethanoic acid
(d) Ethanoic acid + Benzene

O + O
H /H2O
C6H5 C O C2H5 −
)−−−−*
−−−−− C6H5 C OH + C2H5OH
Question 31
CH2CH2CH3
KMnO4−KOH H3O+
−−−−−−−→ X −−→
Heat
The product Y formed in the above

reaction is
CH2CH2COOH
(a)
CH2CH2CH2OH
(b)
COOH
(c)
CH2CH2CH3
(d)
HOOC
CH2CH2CH3 COOK COOH
KMnO4−KOH H3O+
−−−−−−−→ −−→
Heat
Question 32
The reagent which converts
alkylbenzenes to carboxylic acids is
(a) CrO2Cl2
(b) CrO3
(c) Anhydrous AlCl3/CuCl

CH3
Let alkyl benzene is
CH3 COOK COOH
KMnO4−KOH HCl
−−−−−−−→ −→
∆
Question 33
Which one of the following will be
named as a carbaldehyde ?
O
C CH2CH3
(a)
(b) CHO
(c)
CH3
O
(d) H3C CH CH2 C H
Br
Option (d) is correct
Theory Recap
When the aldehyde group is attached to a
ring, the suffix carbaldehyde is added
after the full name of the cycloalkane.
Option (a), (b) and (c) is already in a
ring structure.
The numbering of the ring carbon atoms
start from the carbon atom attached to
the aldehyde group. The name of the
simplest aromatic aldehyde carrying the
aldehyde group on a benzene ring is
benzenecarbaldehyde. However, the
common name benzaldehyde is also
accepted by IUPAC. Other aromatic
aldehydes are hence named as
substituted benzaldehydes.
Question 34
List-I −→ Given pair of organic

compounds can be distinguished by
(1) Ethanal/Propanal
(2) Ethanol/Ethanoic acid
(3) Butanal/Butan-2-one
(4) Benzaldehyde/Ethanal
List-II −→ Tests
(I) Sodium Hydrogen carbonate test
(II) Fehling’s Test
(III) Tollen’s Test
(IV) Iodoform Test

(a) 1 – IV, 2 – I, 3 – II, 4 – III
(b) 1 – III, 2 – II, 3 – IV, 4 – I
(c) 1 – IV, 2 – I, 3 – III, 4 – II
(d) 1 – I, 2 – II, 3 – III, 4 – IV
(c) 1 – IV, 2 – I, 3 – III, 4 – II

Question 35
Jones Reagent is :
(a) KMnO4 | H2SO4
(b) K2Cr2O7 | H2SO4
(c) CrO3 | H2SO4
(d) KMnO4 | KOH
(c) CrO3 | H2SO4
§ Theory Recap
Chromium trioxide (CrO3) in acidic
media is called Jones reagent.
Question 36
List I (Nomenclature)
(1) Acetophenone (3) Benzoic acid

(2) Benzaldehyde (4) Benzophenone
List II (Structure)
CHO
(I)
O
C
CH3
(II)
O
(III)
COOH
(IV)

(A) 1–III, 2–I, 3–II, 4–IV
(B) 1–II, 2–I, 3–IV, 4–III
(C) 1–I, 2–II, 3–III, 4–IV
(D) 1–IV, 2–III, 3–II, 4–I
(B) 1–II, 2–I, 3–IV, 4–III

Question 37
Which simple chemical test is used to
distinguish between ethanal and
propanal ?
(A) Iodoform test (C) Fehling’s test

(B) Tollen’s test (D) Lucas test
(A) Iodoform test

I2
CH3CHO −−−→ CHI3 + HCOONa
NaOH
I2
CH3CH2CHO −−−→ No change
NaOH
Ethanal gives positive iodoform test.
Question 38
Which of the following compound would
undergo Aldol condensation ?
(a) Methanal
(b) Benzaldehyde
(c) 2, 2-Dimethylbutanal
Aldehydes which contain at least 2α

hydrogen atoms, undergo Aldol
condensation reaction
Phenylacetaldehyde contains 2α
hydrogen atoms and undergoes aldol
condensation reaction in presence of
dilute alkali.
Question 39
The compound formed on reaction of
propanone with methylmagnesium
bromide followed by hydrolysis is
OH
(A) H3C CH CH3

CH3
(B) CH3 C OH
CH3
(C) CH3CH2CH2OH
(D) CH3CH2CH2CH2OH

Question 40
The major product in the above reaction
is
dil NaOH
C6H5CHO + C6H5COCH3 −−−−−→ ?
∆
(A) C6H5CH – CHC6H5
(C) C6H5CH2OH + C6H5CH(OH)C6H5
(D) C6H5CH2OH + C6H5COONa
It is an aldol condensation reaction

Question 41
Benzaldehyde reacts with semicarbazide
to give
(A) N +
NCl −
H O
(B) C N NH C NH2
H O
(C) C N C NHNH2
O
(D) C NH2

Question 42
A compound ‘A’ on reaction with
NaCN/HCl gives compound B which on
hydrolysis in acidic medium gives α –
Hydroxyphenyl acetic acid. Identify
compound A
(A) CH3
(B) CHO
(C) CH2OH
(D) COOH

Question 43
Identify name of reaction which is used
to convert Propanone to
4-Methylpent-3-en-2-one
(A) Aldol reaction
(B) Cannizaro reaction
(D) Cross aldol condensation

Question 44
Out of following given compounds,
identify which carbonyl compound gives
aldol reaction ?
H C O
O
(A) H C H (B)
O
(C) CH3 C H
Cl O
(D) CH3 C C H
Cl
Correct option is (C)
Aldehydes having α-hydrogens give aldol

reaction e.g. CH3CHO
What is α-carbon ?
The carbon that is one carbon away from
an aldehyde or ketone group or other
functional group is the alpha carbon. For
example :
An alpha carbon can also be a beta

carbon, depending upon the reference
point. For Ex-
At least one α hydrogen is must
Question 45
Ethanal undergoes nucleophilic addition
reaction at faster speed than acetone, this
is because of
(A) Acetone has 6 α-hydrogen atoms
(B) Electrophilicity of carbon of carbonyl
group is high in ethanal
(C) Electrophilicity of carbon of carbonyl
group is less in ethanal
(D) Nucleophilicity of carbon of carbonyl
group in ethanal is high
As the electrophilicity of carbon of

carbonyl group is high in ethanal, it
undergoes nucleophilic addition reaction
at faster speed than acetone.
Question 46
Aldehydes react with one equivalent of
monohydric alcohols in the presence of
dry hydrogen chloride to give
(A) An acetal (C) An oxime

(B) A hemiacetal (D) A ketal

Question 47
Identify the reagent which is used to
check the presence of an aldehyde or a
keto group in an organic compound
H
N NH2
NO2
.. ..
(A) H2NNHOH (B)
NO2
H O
..
(C) H2N N C NH2 (D)
NH NH2

2, 4-Dinitrophenyl hydrazine reacts with
aldehydes or ketones to form yellow,
orange, or reddish-orange precipitates.
Some N-Substituted Derivatives of

Aldehydes and Ketones (>C=N-Z)
Cyanohydrins
A Aldehydes and ketones react with

hydrogen cyanide (HCN) to yield
cyanohydrins. This reaction occurs
very slowly with pure HCN.
A Therefore, it is catalysed by a base
–
and the generated cyanide ion (CN )
being a stronger nucleophile readily
adds to carbonyl compounds to yield
corresponding cyanohydrin.
A Cyanohydrins are useful synthetic
intermediates
Practice Questions
Question 1
is reduced to ® group on treatment
with zinc amalgam and ® is
(a) C − OH, Hydrazine

(c) −OH, Hydrazine
(d) −CH3, conc. HCl
§ Theory Recap
is reduced to −CH2 group on treatment
with zinc amalgam and conc. HCl is
Question 2
The product formed in aldol
condensation is
(a) an α, β-unsaturated ester.
(b) a beta-hydroxy acid.
(c) a beta-hydroxy aldehyde or
a beta-hydroxy ketone.
(d) an alpha-hydroxy aldehyde or ketone.
§ Theory Recap
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Carboxylic Acids
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2022 13th Sept Shift 2
1. Select the incorrect statement
COCH3 COONa
NaOCl
(1) −−−→
COCH3 COONa
NaOF
(2) −−−→
COCH3 COONa
NaOBr
(3) −−−→
COCH3 COONa
NaOI
(4) −−→
Option 2 is correct
This is NCERT based direct question
Topic : Oxidation of methyl ketones by
haloform reaction:
In Haloform reaction, Aldehydes and ketones
having at least one methyl group linked to
the carbonyl carbon atom (methyl ketones)
are oxidised by sodium hypohalite to sodium
salts of corresponding carboxylic acids
having one carbon atom less than that of
carbonyl compound. The methyl group is
converted to haloform. But fluoride does not
show this reaction
2. Select the correct option for the reactant to

get ‘A’ via ozonolysis.
CH3 CH3
OHC CH C −→ A
CH2 CH2 O
H3 C
(a) (b) CH3

H3 C
CH3
H3 C CH3
(c)
H3 C
(d) CH3
H3 C
(d) CH3
1. The structure of semicarbazone of
ethylmethyl ketone is:
N NH C NH2
1.
O
N C NH2
2.
O
N NH C N
3.
O
N NH C NH2
4.
O
Solution
N NH C NH2
4.
O
2. The formula of yellow colored compound
formed in the reaction of 2-propanone with
sodium hypoiodite is:
1. I2
O
2. H3C C CI3
3. CH2l2
4. CHI3
Solution
CHI3
1. Heating benzaldehyde with concentrated
potassium hydroxide leads to the formation
of:
1. Benzyl alcohol and benzoic acid
2. Benzyl alcohol and sodium benzoate
3. Benzalacetophenone and benzoic acid
4. Benzalacetophenone only
Solution
Benzyl alcohol and sodium benzoate
2. The compound which is most reactive

towards nucleophilic addition reaction is:
1. CHO
2. COCH3
3. O
4. H3C C H
O
Solution
H3 C C H
O
1. Formalin is particularly used to preserve
biological specimens in laboratory. It is a:
1. 50% aqueous solution of formaldehyde
2. 50% ethanolic solution of formaldehyde
3. 60% aqueous solution of acetaldehyde
4. 40% aqueous solution of methanal
Solution
40% aqueous solution of methanal
1. The structure of A in the following reaction
is :
KMnO4–KOH
CH2CH2CH3 −−−−−−−−−→ A
∆
+
H3O LiAlH4/Ether
A −−−−−−−−−−−−−→ CH2OH
H3O+
1) COOH
2) CH2COOH
3) CHO
4) –
COO K+
Solution
–
COO K+
2. For the given reaction :
A
2CH3CH3+O2 −−→ 2CH3COOH + 2H2O
Heat
What is ‘A’?
1. Mn CH3COO 2
2. HCl
3. H2O
4. O3
Solution

Mn CH3COO 2
1. Match List I with List II
List I
A. Benzenesulphonyl chloride
B. Anhydrous ZnCl2+ Conc. HCl
C. Ammonical silver nitrate
D. Aqueous CuSO4 solution
List II
I. Tollen’s reagent
II. Fehling A solution
III. Hinsberg’s reagent
IV. Lucas reagent
Choose the correct answer from the options
given below:
1. A-IV, B-III, C-I, D-II
2. A-III, B-IV, C-I, D-II
3. A-III, B-IV, C-II, D-I
4. A-I, B-II, C-IV, D-III
Solution
2. A-III, B-IV, C-I, D-II
2. Benzoic acid and phenol can be

distinguished in laboratory on the basis of:
A. Sodium bicarbonate test
B. Bromine water test
C. Tollen’s test
D. Lucas test
Choose the correct option from the options
given below:
1. A only
2. A and B only
3. A and C only
4. B and C only
Solution
A and B only
NH3 ∆
3. H3C COOH −−→A−
→B
The number of sp2 hybridized carbons in ‘B’

is:
1. 6 3. 8
2. 7 4. 5
Solution
7
1. In the given reaction, the hybridization of
carbon bonded to oxygen changes from:
1. sp2
to sp3 3. sp 2to sp
2. sp to sp2 3
4. sp to sp 2
Solution
2
sp to sp 3
2. An alkene ‘A’ on ozonolysis gives a mixture

of 1 mole of glyoxal and 2 moles of
cyclohexanone ‘A’ is:
CH CH
1)
CH CHO
2)
3) CH2 CHO
4) CH2 CHO
Solution
CH CH
3. Given below are two statements

Assertion A : Acetic acid is more acidic than
phenol.
Reason R : Acetate ion is more stable than
phenoxide ion.
Choose the appropriate options given
below:
(a) Both A and R are correct and R is the
correct explanation of A
(b) Both A and R are correct but R is NOT the
(c) A is correct but R is not correct
(d) A is not correct but R is correct
Solution
Both A and R are correct and R is the
2020 22nd Sept Shift 1
1. Which one of the following is used as a
catalyst in the given reaction?
Catalyst in water
H2C – CH2 + O2 −−−−−−−−−−→ CH3CHO
1. Pb (II) 3. Pb (I)
2. Cu (I) 4. Cu (II)
Solution
4. Cu (II)
2. The major product (Z) for the following

reaction is
CHO
HNO3/H2SO4
−−−−−−−→ Z
273–283 K
CHO CHO
NO2
(1) (2)
NO2
CHO CHO
NO2 O2 N NO2
(3) (4)
NO2 NO2
Solution
CHO
NO2
3. The major product ‘A’ for the given organic

reaction will be
KMnO4–H2SO4
−−−−−−−−→ A
Heat
Solution
4. The number of sigma (σ) and pi (π) bonds

present in the given compound will be
1. 26σ, 3π
2. 24σ, 4π
3. 24σ, 3π
4. 26σ, 4π
Solution
26σ, 4π
1. Which is the most acidic hydrogen in the
given compound A?
1. (a)
2. (b)
3. (c)
4. (d)
Solution
(a)
1. For the given organic reaction:
NC
C6H5MgBr in ether
−−−−−−−−−−−
+
→ A
H3O
What is ‘A’ ?
Solution
2. In the organic reaction

What is ‘A’?
1. NaOH
2. NaOCl
3. NaCl
4. Cl2
Solution
NaOCl
3. What will be the product of ‘A’ in the given
organic reaction?
Solution
1. In the following reaction
Tollen’s Reagent
Z −−−−−−−−−→ RCH2CH2 COO ⊖
Identify ‘Z’?
(1) R-CH2CH2CHO
O
(2) R CH2 C CH3
(3) R CH2 C CH2OH
O
(4) R CH CH2CH2COOH
OH
Solution
1. R-CH2CH2CHO
2. Which one of the following carboxylic acids

is most acidic in nature?
1) Butanoic acid
2) 2-Chlorobutanoic acid
Solution
2-Chlorobutanoic acid
1. Which of the following does not give
positive Tollen’s test?
1. Benzaldehyde
2. Acetophenone
3. Propanal
4. Salicyaldehyde
Solution
2. Acetophenone
2. In the given reaction :
Heat
−−−−−−−−→ A
KMnO4–H2SO4
‘A’ (major product) is :
1. OH 2. COOH
HO
COOH
3. COOH 4. O
COOH
OH
Solution
COOH
COOH
1. The major product formed in the given
organic reaction :
O
NR
ethanolic KOH
O −−−−−−−−→ A
A is :
O
NK
1. O
2. COOK
COOK
3. CONH2
4. CONH2
CONH2
Solution
COOK
COOK
2. Which one of the following does NOT give
positive Fehling’s test?
1) Ethanal
2) Butanal
3) Benzaldehyde
4) Cyclo pentane carbaldehyde
Solution
Benzaldehyde
3. For the given organic reaction :

OH
Na2Cr2O7
−−−−−→ A
H2SO4
‘A’(final major product) is :
1. O 2. O
O OH
SO3H
OH
3. 4. OH
SO3H
Solution
O
O
2019 1st July Shift 1
4. Compounds A, B, C, D, E and F are
CH2 = CH – CHO ;
CH3 2 C = C CH3 2 ;
CH3CH = CH – CH3 ;
CH3C ≡ C – CH2 – CH3 ;
CH3 – CH = CH2 and
CH3 – C ≡ C – CH3 , respectively.
Which of the above compounds upon
ozonolysis can give aldehydes ?
1. A, B, D, and F 3. B, D and E
2. A, C and E 4. A only
option (2) is correct

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Chapter 10
Biomolecules

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Question 1
Identify the following compound.
(a) Uracil (b) Thymine

(c) Cytosine (d) Guanine
¥ 2023 27th May
(a) Uracil
Question 2
Which of the following is not caused due
to deficiency of hormones ?
(a) Diabetes (c) Cancer

(b) Goitre (d) Hypoglycemia
¥ 2023 27th May
(c) Cancer
Diabetes, Goitre and Hypoglycemia are

caused by the deficiency of hormones.
Cancer is not caused due to deficiency of
hormones.
§ Theory Recap
Hormones
✓ Hormones are molecules that act as
intercellular messengers. These are
produced by endocrine glands in the
body and are poured directly in the
blood stream which transports them
to the site of action.
✓ In terms of chemical nature, some of
these are steroids, e.g., estrogens and
androgens; some are poly peptides for
example insulin and endorphins and
some others are amino acid
derivatives such as epinephrine and
norepinephrine.
Hormones have several functions in the
body. They help to maintain the balance
of biological activities in the body.
A The role of insulin in keeping the
blood glucose level within the narrow
limit. Insulin is released in response
to the rapid rise in blood glucose
level.
A On the other hand hormone glucagon
tends to increase the glucose level in
the blood. The two hormones
together regulate the glucose level in
the blood.
A Epinephrine and norepinephrine
mediate responses to external stimuli.
A Growth hormones and sex hormones
play role in growth and development.
A Thyroxine produced in the thyroid
gland is an iodinated derivative of
amino acid tyrosine. Abnormally low
level of thyroxine leads to
hypothyroidism which is
characterised by lethargyness and
obesity. Increased level of thyroxine
causes hyperthyroidism. Low level of
iodine in the diet may lead to
hypothyroidism and enlargement of
the thyroid gland. This condition is
largely being controlled by adding
sodium iodide to commercial table
salt (“Iodised” salt).
A Steroid hormones are produced by
adrenal cortex and gonads (testes in
males and ovaries in females).
A Hormones released by the adrenal
cortex play very important role in the
functions of the body. For example,
glucocorticoids control the
carbohydrate metabolism, modulate
inflammatory reactions, and are
involved in reactions to stress.
A The mineralocorticoids control the
level of excretion of water and salt by
the kidney. If adrenal cortex does not
function properly then one of the
results may be Addison’s disease
characterised by hypoglycemia,
weakness and increased susceptibility
to stress. The disease is fatal unless it
is treated by glucocorticoids and
mineralocorticoids.
A Hormones released by gonads are
responsible for development of
secondary sex characters.
A Testosterone is the major sex hormone
produced in males. It is responsible
for development of secondary male
characteristics (deep voice, facial hair,
general physical constitution).
A Estradiol is the main female sex
hormone and responsible for
development of secondary female
characteristics and participates in the
control of menstrual cycle.
A Progesterone is responsible for
preparing the uterus for implantation
of fertilised egg.
Question 3
Match List I with List II.
List I
A. Ascorbic acid C. Riboflavin

B. Vitamin D D. Vitamin A
List II
I. Xerophthalmia
II. Osteomalacia
III. Bleeding of Gums
IV. Cheilosis
Choose the correct options given below :
(a) A-II, B-III, C-IV, D-I
(b) A-I, B-II, C-III, D-IV
¥ 2023 27th May

Question 4
Which of the following hormone is
responsible for the development of
secondary female characteristic and
participate in control of menstrual cycle ?
(a) Adrenal cortex (c) Androgens

(b) Estradiol (d) Progesterone
¥ 2023 25th May
(b) Estradiol
Estradiol is the hormone responsible for

the development of secondary female
characteristic and participate in control
of menstrual cycle.
Question 5
During denaturation of proteins
(a) Biological activity remains unaltered
◦
(b) 3 Structure remains unaltered
◦
(c) 2 Structure remains unaltered
◦
(d) 1 Structure remain unaltered
¥ 2023 25th May
◦
A During denaturation secondary and

tertiary structures are destroyed but
primary structure remains intact.
A It loses its biological, activity during
denaturation.
Question 6
Deficiency of which of following vitamins
can cause scurvy (loosening and bleeding
of gum) ?
(a) Vitamin A
(b) Vitamin C
(c) Vitamin D
(d) Vitamin K
¥ 2023 25th May
(b) Vitamin C
A Deficiency of vitamin C (Ascorbic

acid) causes Scurvy.
Question 7
Which of the following is an essential
amino acids?
(a) Leucine
(b) Glycine
(c) Alanine
(d) Aspartic acid
¥ 2023 25th May
(a) Leucine
A Leucine is an essential amino acid

which cannot be synthesised in the
body and must be obtained through
diet.
Question 8
Which of the following vitamin cannot be
stored in our body ?
(a) Vitamin D (c) Vitamin K

(b) Vitamin B12 (d) Vitamin B2
¥ 2023 25th May
(d) Vitamin B2
A Vitamin A, D, E and K are fat soluble.

They are stored in liver and adipose
tissues.Whereas, B group vitamins and
vitamin C are soluble in water and
cannot be stored in our body. (Except
vitamin B12)
Question 9
RNA and DNA differ due to
presence/absence of oxygen at which
carbon of sugar moiety ?
th rd nd st
(a) 4 (b) 3 (c) 2 (d) 1
¥ 2023 25th May
nd
(c) 2
In DNA molecules, the sugar moiety is

β−D−2−deoxyribose whereas in RNA
molecule, it is β−D−ribose, which differ
in the structure at C−2 position.
DNA ≡ RNA
DNA molecules −→ β-D-2-deoxyribose
C−2 position has H – C – H branch
RNA molecule −→ β-D-ribose
C−2 position H – C – OH branch
Biological Functions
A DNA is the chemical basis of heredity
and may be regarded as the reserve of
genetic information.
A DNA is exclusively responsible for
maintaining the identity of different
species of organisms over millions of
years.
A A DNA molecule is capable of self
duplication during cell division and
identical DNA strands are transferred
to daughter cells.
A Another important function of nucleic
acids is the protein synthesis in the
cell.
A Actually, the proteins are synthesised
by various RNA molecules in the cell
but the message for the synthesis of a
particular protein is present in DNA.
Question 10
Which of the following reactions show
the glucose contains five ‘OH’ groups ?
Hl
(a) Glucose −
→ n-Hexane
∆
Acetic
(b) Glucose −−−−−→ Glu-pentaacetate
anhydride
Br2
(c) Glucose −−−→ Gluconic acid
Water
HNO3
(d) Glucose −−−→ Saccharic acid
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Acetic
anhydride
Acetylation of glucose with acetic

anhydride gives glucose pentaacetate
which confirms the presence of five –OH
groups.
Question 11
Complete hydrolysis of DNA does not
yield.
(a) Phosphoric acid
(b) Pentose sugar
(c) Nitrogen containing compound
(d) Secondary alcohol
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Complete hydrolysis of DNA yields a

pentose sugar, phosphoric acid and
nitrogen containing compounds (called
bases).
β-D-2deoxyribose.
Question 12
Which of the following hormones is
produced under the condition of stress
which simulates glycogenolysis in the
liver of human beings ?
(a) Thyroxin (c) Adrenaline

(b) Estradiol (d) Insulin
¥ 2023 23rd May
(c) Adrenaline
Hormones released by adrenal cortex

play very important role in the functions
of the body and are involved in reaction
to stress.
Question 13
Complete hydrolysis of RNA yields,
(a) β-D-2-deoxyribose, phosphoric acid
and nitrogen containing heterocyclic
bases
(b) β-D-ribose, phosphoric acid &
nitrogen containing homocyclic bases
(c) β-D-ribose, phosphoric acid &
nitrogen containing heterocyclic bases
(d) β-D-deoxyribose, phosphorus acid &
Complete hydrolysis of RNA yields

β-D-ribose (apentose sugar), phosphoric
acid and nitrogen containing heterocyclic
bases.
Question 14
Glucose on reaction with bromine water
gives.
COOH
(a) (CHOH)4
CH2OH
COOH
(b) (CHOH)4
COOH
CHO
(c) (CHOH)4
COOH
CHO
(d) (CHOH)4
CHO
Gluconic acid
Question 15
Which of the following is an
oligosaccaharide ?
(a) Starch
(b) Glucose
(c) Ribose
(d) Maltose
(d) Maltose
Oligosaccharides produces two to ten

monosaccharide units. So, maltose is an
oligosaccharides which on hydrolysis
gives two molecules of glucose.
Question 16
(a) Secondary and tertiary structures
remain intact
(b) Secondary and tertiary structures are
destroyed
(c) Primary structures is destroyed
(d) Only tertiary structures remain intact
Option (b) is correct

secondary and tertiary structures are
destroyed but primary structure remains
intact.
Question 17
Water soluble vitamins are
(A) Vitamin A
(B) Vitamin D
(C) Vitamin B
(D) Vitamin C
(E) Vitamin E
Choose the most appropriate answer
from the options given below
(a) (A) and (B) only
(b) (B) and (C) only
(c) (C) and (D) only
(d) (D) and (E) only

Question 18
The letter D in carbohydrates signifies
(a) Dextrorotatory
(b) Configuration
(c) Diamagnetic character
(d) Optical activity
(b) Configuration
The letter ‘D’ in carbohydrates signifies

the substitution orientation at a centre of
chirality i.e., configuration.
Question 19
amino acid?
(A) Glycine (C) Glutamine

(B) Alanine (D) Valine
(D) Valine
Valine is an essential amino acid as it

cannot be synthesised in body.
Question 20
In nucleic acids, the Nucleotides are
joined together by
(a) Glycosidic linkage
(b) Phosphodiester linkage
(c) Hydrogen bonds
(d) Weak intermolecular forces
(B) Phosphodiester linkage
Nucleotides are joined together by

phosphodiester linkage between 5’ and 3’
carbon atom of pentose sugar.
Question 21
Amino acid in Zwitter ionic form show
(A) Acid Behaviour
(B) Basic Behaviour
(C) Amphoteric Behaviour
(D) Neutral Behaviour
In Zwitter ionic form, amino acids show

amphoteric behaviour as they react both
with acids and bases.
Question 22
Among the following, which one is a
disaccharide
(A) Glucose (C) Maltose

(B) Glycogen (D) Starch
(C) Maltose
Disaccharides are formed by the

glycosidic linkage of two monosaccharide
units. Maltose is a disaccharide which is
composed of two α-D-glucose units.
Question 23
Lactose is a disaccharide formed from
β-D-galactose and β-D-glucose. Identify
anomeric carbon atoms in
monosaccharide units
(A) ‘a’ carbon of galactose and ‘d’ carbon

of glucose
(B) ‘d’ carbon of galactose and ‘a’ carbon
of glucose
(C) ‘a’ carbon of galactose and ‘a’ carbon
of glucose
(D) ‘e’ carbon of galactose and ‘e’ carbon
of glucose
‘a’ carbon of galactose and ‘a’ carbon of

glucose
Lactose is formed of C1 of galactose and

C4 of glucose. So, ‘a’ carbon of galactose
and ‘a’ carbon of glucose are anomeric
carbon atoms.
Question 24
Identify the incorrect statements from the
following
(A) Pentose sugar in DNA is
β-D-2-deoxyribose
(B) DNA has four bases Adenine,
Cytosine, Guanine, Uracil
(C) Two strands of DNA are
complementary to each other
(D) DNA finger printing is used to identify
racial groups to rewrite biological
evolution
DNA contain four bases viz. adenine,

guanine,cytosine and thymine. Uracil is
present in RNA.
Question 25
Lactose is composed of :
(A) β-D galactose and β-D glucose
(B) α-D glucose and β-D galactose
(C) α-D glucose and β-D fructose
(D) β-D glucose and α-D galactose

Question 26
The presence of carbonyl group in
glucose is confirmed by treating it with
(A) HI
(B) Mild Oxidising agent Br2 water
(C) NH2OH
(D) HNO3
Bromine water oxidises glucose to

gluconic acid thus the reddish brown
colour of bromine water is decolourised.
Question 27
Which of the following bases is not
present in DNA?
(A) Adenine (C) Cytosine

(B) Thymine (D) Uracil
(D) Uracil
A The bases present in DNA are :

adenine,guanine, cytosine and
thymine
A Uracil is absent in DNA.
Practice Questions
Question 28
The configuration of Lysine ?
(a) only D configuration
(b) only L configuration
(c) both D and L configuration
(d) It’s not an optically active compound.
§ Theory Recap
Except glycine, all other naturally
occurring α-amino acids are optically
active, since the α-carbon atom is
asymmetric. These exist both in D and L
forms. Most naturally occurring amino
acids have L-configuration.
L-Aminoacids are represented by writing
the –NH2 group on left hand side.
Question 29
Thymine is also called
(a) 5-methyluracil
(b) 4-methyluracil
(c) 3-methyluracil
(d) 1-methyluracil
(a) 5-methyluracil
§ Theory Recap
Thymine, which is often abbreviated as T

or Thy, can also be referred to as
5-methyluracil. Thymine is one of the
pyrimidine bases found in the nucleic
acid of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA),
along with adenine, guanine, and
cytosine (A, G, and C, respectively).
Question 30
Which one of the following sets of
monosaccharides forms sucrose?
(a) 2 units of α-D-(+)-glucopyranose
(b) β-D-(-)-glucopyranose and
α-D-(+)-fructofuranose
(c) α-D-(+)-glucopyranose and
β-D-(-)-fructofuranose
(d) α-D-(+)-galactopyranose and

§ Theory Recap
Sucrose is composed of α-D-(+)-glucose

or glucopyranose and β-D-(-)-fructose
or fructofuranose.
2 units of α-D-(+)-glucopyranose or
α-D-(+)-glucose is the monosaccharides
of Maltose, not Sucrose.
Below, the anomers of glucose and
fructose is given.
Two anomers of sucrose
Two anomers of fructose
A Questions can also be asked that what

are the anomers of glucose or fructose.
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Chapter 10
Biomolecules

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Question 1
Identify the following compound.
(a) Uracil (b) Thymine

(c) Cytosine (d) Guanine
¥ 2023 27th May
(a) Uracil
Question 2
Which of the following is not caused due
to deficiency of hormones ?
(a) Diabetes (c) Cancer

(b) Goitre (d) Hypoglycemia
¥ 2023 27th May
(c) Cancer
Diabetes, Goitre and Hypoglycemia are

caused by the deficiency of hormones.
Cancer is not caused due to deficiency of
hormones.
§ Theory Recap
Hormones
✓ Hormones are molecules that act as
intercellular messengers. These are
produced by endocrine glands in the
body and are poured directly in the
blood stream which transports them
to the site of action.
✓ In terms of chemical nature, some of
these are steroids, e.g., estrogens and
androgens; some are poly peptides for
example insulin and endorphins and
some others are amino acid
derivatives such as epinephrine and
norepinephrine.
Hormones have several functions in the
body. They help to maintain the balance
of biological activities in the body.
A The role of insulin in keeping the
blood glucose level within the narrow
limit. Insulin is released in response
to the rapid rise in blood glucose
level.
A On the other hand hormone glucagon
tends to increase the glucose level in
the blood. The two hormones
together regulate the glucose level in
the blood.
A Epinephrine and norepinephrine
mediate responses to external stimuli.
A Growth hormones and sex hormones
play role in growth and development.
A Thyroxine produced in the thyroid
gland is an iodinated derivative of
amino acid tyrosine. Abnormally low
level of thyroxine leads to
hypothyroidism which is
characterised by lethargyness and
obesity. Increased level of thyroxine
causes hyperthyroidism. Low level of
iodine in the diet may lead to
hypothyroidism and enlargement of
the thyroid gland. This condition is
largely being controlled by adding
sodium iodide to commercial table
salt (“Iodised” salt).
A Steroid hormones are produced by
adrenal cortex and gonads (testes in
males and ovaries in females).
A Hormones released by the adrenal
cortex play very important role in the
functions of the body. For example,
glucocorticoids control the
carbohydrate metabolism, modulate
inflammatory reactions, and are
involved in reactions to stress.
A The mineralocorticoids control the
level of excretion of water and salt by
the kidney. If adrenal cortex does not
function properly then one of the
results may be Addison’s disease
characterised by hypoglycemia,
weakness and increased susceptibility
to stress. The disease is fatal unless it
is treated by glucocorticoids and
mineralocorticoids.
A Hormones released by gonads are
responsible for development of
secondary sex characters.
A Testosterone is the major sex hormone
produced in males. It is responsible
for development of secondary male
characteristics (deep voice, facial hair,
general physical constitution).
A Estradiol is the main female sex
hormone and responsible for
development of secondary female
characteristics and participates in the
control of menstrual cycle.
A Progesterone is responsible for
preparing the uterus for implantation
of fertilised egg.
Question 3
Match List I with List II.
List I
A. Ascorbic acid C. Riboflavin

B. Vitamin D D. Vitamin A
List II
I. Xerophthalmia
II. Osteomalacia
III. Bleeding of Gums
IV. Cheilosis
Choose the correct options given below :
(a) A-II, B-III, C-IV, D-I
(b) A-I, B-II, C-III, D-IV
¥ 2023 27th May

Question 4
Which of the following hormone is
responsible for the development of
secondary female characteristic and
participate in control of menstrual cycle ?
(a) Adrenal cortex (c) Androgens

(b) Estradiol (d) Progesterone
¥ 2023 25th May
(b) Estradiol
Estradiol is the hormone responsible for

the development of secondary female
characteristic and participate in control
of menstrual cycle.
Question 5
(a) Biological activity remains unaltered
◦
(b) 3 Structure remains unaltered
◦
(c) 2 Structure remains unaltered
◦
¥ 2023 25th May
◦
A During denaturation secondary and

tertiary structures are destroyed but
primary structure remains intact.
A It loses its biological, activity during
denaturation.
Question 6
Deficiency of which of following vitamins
can cause scurvy (loosening and bleeding
of gum) ?
(a) Vitamin A
(b) Vitamin C
(c) Vitamin D
(d) Vitamin K
¥ 2023 25th May
(b) Vitamin C
A Deficiency of vitamin C (Ascorbic

acid) causes Scurvy.
Question 7
amino acids?
(a) Leucine
(b) Glycine
(c) Alanine
(d) Aspartic acid
¥ 2023 25th May
(a) Leucine
A Leucine is an essential amino acid

which cannot be synthesised in the
body and must be obtained through
diet.
Question 8
Which of the following vitamin cannot be
stored in our body ?
(a) Vitamin D (c) Vitamin K

(b) Vitamin B12 (d) Vitamin B2
¥ 2023 25th May
(d) Vitamin B2
A Vitamin A, D, E and K are fat soluble.

They are stored in liver and adipose
tissues.Whereas, B group vitamins and
vitamin C are soluble in water and
cannot be stored in our body. (Except
vitamin B12)
Question 9
RNA and DNA differ due to
presence/absence of oxygen at which
carbon of sugar moiety ?
th rd nd st
(a) 4 (b) 3 (c) 2 (d) 1
¥ 2023 25th May
nd
(c) 2

β−D−2−deoxyribose whereas in RNA
molecule, it is β−D−ribose, which differ
in the structure at C−2 position.
DNA ≡ RNA
DNA molecules −→ β-D-2-deoxyribose
C−2 position has H – C – H branch
RNA molecule −→ β-D-ribose
C−2 position H – C – OH branch
Biological Functions
A DNA is the chemical basis of heredity
and may be regarded as the reserve of
genetic information.
A DNA is exclusively responsible for
maintaining the identity of different
species of organisms over millions of
years.
A A DNA molecule is capable of self
duplication during cell division and
identical DNA strands are transferred
to daughter cells.
A Another important function of nucleic
acids is the protein synthesis in the
cell.
A Actually, the proteins are synthesised
by various RNA molecules in the cell
but the message for the synthesis of a
particular protein is present in DNA.
Question 10
Which of the following reactions show
the glucose contains five ‘OH’ groups ?
Hl
(a) Glucose −
→ n-Hexane
∆
Acetic
anhydride
Br2
(c) Glucose −−−→ Gluconic acid
Water
HNO3
(d) Glucose −−−→ Saccharic acid
¥ 2023 23rd May
Acetic
anhydride
Acetylation of glucose with acetic

anhydride gives glucose pentaacetate
which confirms the presence of five –OH
groups.
Question 11
Complete hydrolysis of DNA does not
yield.
(a) Phosphoric acid
(b) Pentose sugar
(c) Nitrogen containing compound
¥ 2023 23rd May
Complete hydrolysis of DNA yields a

pentose sugar, phosphoric acid and
nitrogen containing compounds (called
bases).
β-D-2deoxyribose.
Question 12
Which of the following hormones is
produced under the condition of stress
which simulates glycogenolysis in the
liver of human beings ?
(a) Thyroxin (c) Adrenaline

(b) Estradiol (d) Insulin
¥ 2023 23rd May
(c) Adrenaline
Hormones released by adrenal cortex

play very important role in the functions
of the body and are involved in reaction
to stress.
Question 13
Complete hydrolysis of RNA yields,
(a) β-D-2-deoxyribose, phosphoric acid
and nitrogen containing heterocyclic
bases
(b) β-D-ribose, phosphoric acid &
(c) β-D-ribose, phosphoric acid &
nitrogen containing heterocyclic bases
(d) β-D-deoxyribose, phosphorus acid &
Complete hydrolysis of RNA yields

β-D-ribose (apentose sugar), phosphoric
acid and nitrogen containing heterocyclic
bases.
Question 14
Glucose on reaction with bromine water
gives.
COOH
(a) (CHOH)4
CH2OH
COOH
(b) (CHOH)4
COOH
CHO
(c) (CHOH)4
COOH
CHO
(d) (CHOH)4
CHO
Gluconic acid
Question 15
Which of the following is an
oligosaccaharide ?
(a) Starch
(b) Glucose
(c) Ribose
(d) Maltose
(d) Maltose
Oligosaccharides produces two to ten

monosaccharide units. So, maltose is an
oligosaccharides which on hydrolysis
gives two molecules of glucose.
Question 16
(a) Secondary and tertiary structures
remain intact
(b) Secondary and tertiary structures are
destroyed
(c) Primary structures is destroyed
(d) Only tertiary structures remain intact
Option (b) is correct

secondary and tertiary structures are
destroyed but primary structure remains
intact.
Question 17
Water soluble vitamins are
(A) Vitamin A
(B) Vitamin D
(C) Vitamin B
(D) Vitamin C
(E) Vitamin E
Choose the most appropriate answer
from the options given below
(a) (A) and (B) only
(b) (B) and (C) only
(d) (D) and (E) only

Question 18
The letter D in carbohydrates signifies
(a) Dextrorotatory
(b) Configuration
(c) Diamagnetic character
(d) Optical activity
(b) Configuration
The letter ‘D’ in carbohydrates signifies

the substitution orientation at a centre of
chirality i.e., configuration.
Question 19
amino acid?
(A) Glycine (C) Glutamine

(B) Alanine (D) Valine
(D) Valine
Valine is an essential amino acid as it

cannot be synthesised in body.
Question 20
In nucleic acids, the Nucleotides are
joined together by
(a) Glycosidic linkage
(b) Phosphodiester linkage
(c) Hydrogen bonds
(d) Weak intermolecular forces
(B) Phosphodiester linkage
Nucleotides are joined together by

phosphodiester linkage between 5’ and 3’
carbon atom of pentose sugar.
Question 21
Amino acid in Zwitter ionic form show
(A) Acid Behaviour
(B) Basic Behaviour
(D) Neutral Behaviour
In Zwitter ionic form, amino acids show

amphoteric behaviour as they react both
with acids and bases.
Question 22
Among the following, which one is a
disaccharide
(A) Glucose (C) Maltose

(B) Glycogen (D) Starch
(C) Maltose
Disaccharides are formed by the

glycosidic linkage of two monosaccharide
units. Maltose is a disaccharide which is
composed of two α-D-glucose units.
Question 23
Lactose is a disaccharide formed from
β-D-galactose and β-D-glucose. Identify
anomeric carbon atoms in
monosaccharide units
(A) ‘a’ carbon of galactose and ‘d’ carbon

of glucose
(B) ‘d’ carbon of galactose and ‘a’ carbon
of glucose
(C) ‘a’ carbon of galactose and ‘a’ carbon
of glucose
(D) ‘e’ carbon of galactose and ‘e’ carbon
of glucose
‘a’ carbon of galactose and ‘a’ carbon of

glucose
Lactose is formed of C1 of galactose and

C4 of glucose. So, ‘a’ carbon of galactose
and ‘a’ carbon of glucose are anomeric
carbon atoms.
Question 24
Identify the incorrect statements from the
following
(A) Pentose sugar in DNA is
β-D-2-deoxyribose
(B) DNA has four bases Adenine,
Cytosine, Guanine, Uracil
(C) Two strands of DNA are
complementary to each other
(D) DNA finger printing is used to identify
racial groups to rewrite biological
evolution
DNA contain four bases viz. adenine,

guanine,cytosine and thymine. Uracil is
present in RNA.
Question 25
Lactose is composed of :
(B) α-D glucose and β-D galactose
(C) α-D glucose and β-D fructose
(D) β-D glucose and α-D galactose

Question 26
The presence of carbonyl group in
glucose is confirmed by treating it with
(A) HI
(C) NH2OH
(D) HNO3
Bromine water oxidises glucose to

gluconic acid thus the reddish brown
colour of bromine water is decolourised.
Question 27
Which of the following bases is not
present in DNA?
(A) Adenine (C) Cytosine

(B) Thymine (D) Uracil
(D) Uracil
A The bases present in DNA are :

adenine,guanine, cytosine and
thymine
A Uracil is absent in DNA.
Practice Questions
Question 28
The configuration of Lysine ?
(a) only D configuration
(b) only L configuration
(d) It’s not an optically active compound.
§ Theory Recap
Except glycine, all other naturally
occurring α-amino acids are optically
active, since the α-carbon atom is
asymmetric. These exist both in D and L
forms. Most naturally occurring amino
acids have L-configuration.
L-Aminoacids are represented by writing
the –NH2 group on left hand side.
Question 29
Thymine is also called
(a) 5-methyluracil
(b) 4-methyluracil
(c) 3-methyluracil
(d) 1-methyluracil
(a) 5-methyluracil
§ Theory Recap
Thymine, which is often abbreviated as T

or Thy, can also be referred to as
5-methyluracil. Thymine is one of the
pyrimidine bases found in the nucleic
acid of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA),
along with adenine, guanine, and
cytosine (A, G, and C, respectively).
Question 30
Which one of the following sets of
monosaccharides forms sucrose?
(a) 2 units of α-D-(+)-glucopyranose
(b) β-D-(-)-glucopyranose and
α-D-(+)-fructofuranose
(c) α-D-(+)-glucopyranose and
(d) α-D-(+)-galactopyranose and

§ Theory Recap
Sucrose is composed of α-D-(+)-glucose

or glucopyranose and β-D-(-)-fructose
or fructofuranose.
2 units of α-D-(+)-glucopyranose or
α-D-(+)-glucose is the monosaccharides
of Maltose, not Sucrose.
Below, the anomers of glucose and
fructose is given.
Two anomers of sucrose
Two anomers of fructose
A Questions can also be asked that what

are the anomers of glucose or fructose.
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d Chapter 10
î Biomolecules
Publisher : Libgen
Books
www.cuet.pw
1. Choose the correct statement.
(A) Monosaccharides are held together by
peptide linkages to form disaccharides or
polysacehrides.
(B) Disaccharides are held together by peptide
linkages to form Monosaccharide or
polysaccharides.
(C) Monosaceharides are held together by
phosphodiester linkages to form
disaceharides or polysaccharides
(D) Monosaccharides are held together by
glycosidic linkages to form disaccharides or
polysaccharides
Monosaccharides are held together by
polysaccharides
2. Which of the following amino-acid in not an

essential amino-acid?
(a) Cysteine (b) Lysine
(c) Methionine (d) Histidine
Cysteine
1. The common bases in DNA and RNA are:
1. Adenine, Guanine, Uracil
2. Cytosine, Thymine, Guanine
3. Cytosine, Thymine, Uracil
4. Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine
Solution
1. The statement which is TRUE for RNA is:
1. α-D-Ribose is the sugar unit present in
RNA
2. Thymine is present as one of the base in
RNA
3. RNA are of two types, mRNA and tRNA
only
4. RNA can form double helix structures by
folding
Solution
RNA can form double helix structures by
folding
2. Amylopectin is a branched chain polymer of

α-D-glucose having:
1. C1 − C4 and C1 − C2 gylcosidic linkage only
2. C1-C6 gylcosidic linkage only
4. C1 − C2 and C1 − C6 glycosidic linkage only
Solution
C1 − C4 and C1 − C6 gylcosidic linkage only
1. The biopolymer stored in animal body is:
1. Amylose
2. Cellulose
3. Sucrose
4. Glycogen
Solution
4. Glycogen
2. The correct structure of dipeptide

glycylvaline is :
H2 H H
1) H2N C C N C COOH
O CH
H3 C CH3
CH3 H3 C
CH H H2
2) H2N CH C N C COOH
O
H2 H
3) H2N C C N CH COOH
O CH2
H2 H CH3
O
Solution
H2 H H
H2 N C C N C COOH
O CH
H3 C CH3
1. α-Helical structures of protein is mainly
stabilized due to:
1) London force of dispersion
2) Disulphide bonds
3) Hydrogen bonding
4) Electrostatic force of attraction
Solution
3. Hydrogen bonding
2. Which of the following sugars cannot

reduce Tollen’s and Fehling’s reagent?
1. Sucrose
2. Fructose
3. Maltose
4. Lactose
Solution
1. Sucrose
1. Given below are two statements,
Assertion A: α-D-Glucose is a dextrorotatory
compound.
Reason R: The notation ‘D’ in α-D-Glucose
represents its dextrorotatory nature.
In light of the above statements, choose the
most appropriate answer from the options
given below:
1. Both A and R are correct and R is the
2. Both A and R are correct but R is NOT the
3. A is correct but R is not correct
4. A is not correct but R is correct
Solution
A is correct but R is not correct
2. Identify the anomeric carbon in the given
structure of α-D-glucopyranose.
1. C1
2. C2 and C3
3. C4 and C5
4. C6
Solution
1. C1
] Solution
The anomeric carbon can be determined by
the carbon (C) attached to two oxygen (O)
atoms joined by single bonds.
1. Consider the structure of the nucleoside
given below:
The attachment of phosphoric acid to which

of the labeled position would lead to the
formation of a nucleotide?
(a) a and b only
(b) c only
(c) d only
(d) e only
Solution
(b) c only
2. Select the FALSE statement for ‘Valine’.

(a) It has an isopropyl group as a side chain.
(b) It exists as dipolar ion in water.
(c) It is a non-essential amino acid.
(d) It is an optically active compound.
Solution
3. The total number of chiral carbons/centers

in β-D-ribose are:
1. Three 3. Five
2. Four 4. Two
Solution
2. Four
1. Select the correct option for the one letter
code for asparagine, an amino acid.
1. N 3. A
2. T 4. S
Solution
1. N
2. Match the structure of bases with their
names given:
I. Uracil
II. Adenine
III. Cytosine
IV. Thymine
given below:
1. A-IV; B-II; C-III; D-I
2. A-I; B-II; C-III; D-IV
3. A-II; B-III; C-IV; D-I
4. A-IV; B-I; C-II; D-III
Solution
1. Which of the following symptoms is not
shown by a person suffering from vitamin
B2 deficiency?
1. Retarded growth
2. Digestive disorders
3. Burning sensation of skin
4. Fissuring at the corners of mouth
Solution
1. Retarded growth
2. Which of the following reactions is not

given by glucose?
1. Oxidation with bromine water
2. Schiff’s test
3. Oxime as product on reaction with NH2OH
4. Hydrocarbon as product on reaction with
hydrogen iodide
Solution
2. Schiff’s test
1. Which of the following is the correct
structure of β-D-(-)-fructofuranose?
Solution

code for tryptophan
1. T
2. P
3. H
4. W
Solution
(5) W
1. Which of the following is a disaccaharide?
1. Fructose
2. Maltose
3. Cellulose
4. Amylopectin
Solution
2. Maltose
2. Which of the following disease is caused by
the deficiency of Vitamin B2?
1. Beri-Beri
2. Cheilosis
3. Pernicious anaemia
4. Convulsions
Solution
2. Cheilosis
1. The correct structure of pyran:
O
N N
1. H 2. H
3. O 4. O
Solution
4. O
1. One letter code for Tyrosine, an amino-acid
is
1. F
2. T
3. Y
4. P
Solution
3. Y
1. Which one of the following is NOT present
in RNA ?
1. Adenine 3. Cytosine
2. Guanine 4. Thymine
option (4) is correct
RNA contains all the bases of DNA except

thymine.
Instead of thymine, Uracil is present in RNA.
So, bases present in RNA are adenine,
guanine cytosine and uracil.
6
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[
d Chapter 10
î Biomolecules
Publisher : Libgen
Books
www.cuet.pw
1. Choose the correct statement.
(A) Monosaccharides are held together by
peptide linkages to form disaccharides or
polysacehrides.
(B) Disaccharides are held together by peptide
linkages to form Monosaccharide or
polysaccharides.
(C) Monosaceharides are held together by
phosphodiester linkages to form
disaceharides or polysaccharides
(D) Monosaccharides are held together by
polysaccharides
Solution
Monosaccharides are held together by
polysaccharides
2. Which of the following amino-acid in not an

essential amino-acid?
(a) Cysteine (b) Lysine
(c) Methionine (d) Histidine
Solution
Cysteine
1. The common bases in DNA and RNA are:
1. Adenine, Guanine, Uracil
2. Cytosine, Thymine, Guanine
3. Cytosine, Thymine, Uracil
Solution
1. The statement which is TRUE for RNA is:
1. α-D-Ribose is the sugar unit present in
RNA
2. Thymine is present as one of the base in
RNA
3. RNA are of two types, mRNA and tRNA
only
4. RNA can form double helix structures by
folding
Solution
RNA can form double helix structures by
folding
2. Amylopectin is a branched chain polymer of

α-D-glucose having:
2. C1-C6 gylcosidic linkage only
4. C1 − C2 and C1 − C6 glycosidic linkage only
Solution
C1 − C4 and C1 − C6 gylcosidic linkage only
1. The biopolymer stored in animal body is:
1. Amylose
2. Cellulose
3. Sucrose
4. Glycogen
Solution
4. Glycogen
2. The correct structure of dipeptide

glycylvaline is :
H2 H H
1) H2N C C N C COOH
O CH
H3 C CH3
CH3 H3 C
CH H H2
2) H2N CH C N C COOH
O
H2 H
O CH2
H2 H CH3
O
Solution
H2 H H
H2 N C C N C COOH
O CH
H3 C CH3
1. α-Helical structures of protein is mainly
stabilized due to:
1) London force of dispersion
2) Disulphide bonds
3) Hydrogen bonding
4) Electrostatic force of attraction
Solution
3. Hydrogen bonding
2. Which of the following sugars cannot

reduce Tollen’s and Fehling’s reagent?
1. Sucrose
2. Fructose
3. Maltose
4. Lactose
Solution
1. Sucrose
1. Given below are two statements,
Assertion A: α-D-Glucose is a dextrorotatory
compound.
Reason R: The notation ‘D’ in α-D-Glucose
represents its dextrorotatory nature.
In light of the above statements, choose the
most appropriate answer from the options
given below:
1. Both A and R are correct and R is the
2. Both A and R are correct but R is NOT the
3. A is correct but R is not correct
4. A is not correct but R is correct
Solution
A is correct but R is not correct
2. Identify the anomeric carbon in the given
structure of α-D-glucopyranose.
1. C1
2. C2 and C3
3. C4 and C5
4. C6
Solution
1. C1
] Solution
The anomeric carbon can be determined by
the carbon (C) attached to two oxygen (O)
atoms joined by single bonds.
1. Consider the structure of the nucleoside
given below:
The attachment of phosphoric acid to which

of the labeled position would lead to the
formation of a nucleotide?
(a) a and b only
(b) c only
(c) d only
(d) e only
Solution
(b) c only
2. Select the FALSE statement for ‘Valine’.

(a) It has an isopropyl group as a side chain.
(b) It exists as dipolar ion in water.
(d) It is an optically active compound.
Solution
3. The total number of chiral carbons/centers

in β-D-ribose are:
1. Three 3. Five
2. Four 4. Two
Solution
2. Four
code for asparagine, an amino acid.
1. N 3. A
2. T 4. S
Solution
1. N
2. Match the structure of bases with their
names given:
I. Uracil
II. Adenine
III. Cytosine
IV. Thymine
given below:
1. A-IV; B-II; C-III; D-I
2. A-I; B-II; C-III; D-IV
4. A-IV; B-I; C-II; D-III
Solution
1. Which of the following symptoms is not
shown by a person suffering from vitamin
B2 deficiency?
1. Retarded growth
2. Digestive disorders
3. Burning sensation of skin
4. Fissuring at the corners of mouth
Solution
1. Retarded growth
2. Which of the following reactions is not

given by glucose?
1. Oxidation with bromine water
2. Schiff’s test
3. Oxime as product on reaction with NH2OH
4. Hydrocarbon as product on reaction with
hydrogen iodide
Solution
2. Schiff’s test
1. Which of the following is the correct
structure of β-D-(-)-fructofuranose?
Solution

code for tryptophan
1. T
2. P
3. H
4. W
Solution
(5) W
1. Which of the following is a disaccaharide?
1. Fructose
2. Maltose
3. Cellulose
4. Amylopectin
Solution
2. Maltose
2. Which of the following disease is caused by
the deficiency of Vitamin B2?
1. Beri-Beri
2. Cheilosis
3. Pernicious anaemia
4. Convulsions
Solution
2. Cheilosis
1. The correct structure of pyran:
O
N N
1. H 2. H
3. O 4. O
Solution
4. O
1. One letter code for Tyrosine, an amino-acid
is
1. F
2. T
3. Y
4. P
Solution
3. Y
1. Which one of the following is NOT present
in RNA ?
1. Adenine 3. Cytosine
2. Guanine 4.
Solution
Thymine
A RNA contains all the bases of DNA except

thymine.
A Instead of thymine, Uracil is present in RNA.
A So, bases present in RNA are adenine,
guanine cytosine and uracil.
Additional
Practice
Questions
Question 1
Industrially, ethyl alcohol is prepared
from ethylene by
(a) permanganate oxidation
(b) fermentation
(c) catalytic reduction
(d) absorbing in H2SO4 followed by
hydrolysis
Question 2
+
NaOH H /H2O Ac2O
Phenol −−−−−−→ A −−−−→ B −−→ C
CO2/140◦C
In this reaction, the end product C is

(a) salicylaldehyde
(b) salicylic acid
(c) phenyl acetate
(d) aspirin
Question 3
Which of the following compounds is
aromatic alcohol ?
OH CH2OH
(I) (II)
CH2OH OH
(III) (IV)
CH3 CH3
(a) I, II, III and IV

(b) I and IV
(c) II and III
(d) Only I
Question 4
Mark the correct order of decreasing
acidic strength of the following
compounds.
OH OH
(I) (II)
NO2
OH OH
(III) (IV)
OCH3 NO2
OH
(V)
OCH3
(a) V > IV > II > I > III
(b) II > IV > I > III > V
(c) IV > V > III > II > I
(d) V > IV > III > II > I
Question 5
p-cresol reacts with chloroform in
alkaline medium to give a compound A,
which adds hydrogen cyanide to form
another compound B.This latter on acidic
hydrolysis gives chiral carboxylic acid.
The structure of the carboxylic acid is
CH3
(a)
CH2COOH
OH
CH3
CH2COOH
(b)
OH
CH3
(c)
CH(OH)COOH
OH
CH3
CH(OH)COOH
(d)
OH
Question 6
What will be the products of reaction of
methoxy benzene with HI ?
(a) Methyl alcohol (methanol) +
iodobenzene
(b) Methyl iodide (iodomethane) +
benzene
(c) Methyle iodide + phenol
(d) Methyl iodide + iodobenzene
Question 7
Which of the following relation is correct
regarding case of dehydration in
alcohols?
(a) Primary > secondary
(b) Secondary > tertiary
(c) Tertiary > primary
(d) None of the above
Question 8
When a mixture of ethanol and methanol
is heated in the presence of conc. H2SO4,
the resulting organic product or products
is / are
(a) CH3OC2H5
(b) CH3OCH3 and C2H5OC2H5
(c) CH3OC2H5 and CH3OCH3
(d) CH3OC2H5, CH3OCH3 and C2H5OC2H5
Question 9
Which of the following compounds on
boiling with KMnO4 (alk.) and
subsequent acidification will not give
benzoic acid ?
(a) Benzyl alcohol
(b) Acetophenone
(c) Anisole
(d) Toluene
Question 10
An alcohol of molecular formula
C5H11OH on dehydration gives an alkene,
which on oxidation yields a mixture of
ketone and an acid. The alcohol is
(a) CH3CH2CH(OH)CH2CH3
(b) CH3 CH CH2CH2CH3

OH
(c) (CH3)2 CHCH(OH)CH3
(d) (CH3)3 CCH2OH

Question 11
Which one/ones of the following
reactions give 2-propanol ?
H+
(i) CH2 = CH − CH3 + H2O −→
CH3Mgl
(ii) CH3CHO −−−−→
H2O
C2H5Mgl
(iii) CH2O −→
H2O
Neutral KMnO4
(iv) CH2 = CH − CH3 −−−−−−−−→
(a) (i) and (ii)

(b) (ii) and (iii)
(c) (iii) and (i)
(d) (ii) and (iv)
Question 12
Which of the following statements is
correct ?
(a) During dehydration of alcohols to
alkenes by heating with conc, H2SO4
the initial step is the formation of
carbocation
(b) Phenol is acidic and react with
NaHCO3 solution
(c) Alcohols are soluble in water due to
intermolecular hydrogen bonding
between alcohols and water molecules
(d) The −OH group in phenol is meta
directing
Question 13
The major product formed when 3,
3-dimethyl butan-2-ol is heated with
conc. sulphuric acid is
(a) 3, 3−dimethyl−1−butene
(b) 2, 3−dimethyl−2−butene
(c) 2, 3−dimethyl−1−butene
(d) cis and trans isomers of 2,
3−dimethyl−1−butene
Question 14
Which of the following order of acid
strength is correct ?
(a) RCOOH > ROH > HOH > HC ≡ CH
(b) RCOOH > HOH > ROH > HC ≡ CH
(c) RCOOH > HOH > HC ≡ CH > ROH
(d) RCOOH > HC ≡ CH > HOH > ROH
Question 15
An organic compound (X ) with
molecular formula C7H8O is insoluble in
aqueous NaHCO3 but dissolves in NaOH.
When treated with bromine water (X )
rapidly gives (Y ) C7H5OBr3. The
compounds (X ) and (Y ) respectively are
(a) m−cresol and 2, 4,
6−tribromo−3−methyl phenol
(b) benzyl alcohol and 2, 4,
6−tribromo−3−methyl benzene
(c) 0−cresol and 3, 4, 5
tribromo−2−methyl phenol
(d) methoxy benzene and 2, 4,
6−tribromo−3−methory benzene
Question 16
A compound having formula C4H10O
reacts with Na and undergoes oxidation
to give a carbonyl compound which does
not reduce Tollen’s reagent, the original
compounds is
(a) diethyl ether
(b) n - butyl alcohol
(c) sec - butyl alcohol
(d) isobutyl alcohol
Question 17
An organic compound A when treated
with ethyl magnesium iodide in dry ether
forms an addition product, which on
hydrolysis form compound B. The
compound B on oxidation form
3-pentanone. The compounds A and B
are
(a) propanal, 3−pentanol
(b) pentanol, 3−pentanol
(c) ethanal, pentanal
(d) acetone, 3−pentanol
Question 18
When compound X is oxidised by
acidified potassium dichromate,
compound Y is formed. Compound Y on
reduction with LiAlH4 gives X . X and Y
respectively are
(a) C2H5OH, CH3COOH
(b) CH3COCH3, CH3COOH
(c) C2H5OH, CH3COCH3
(d) CH3CHO, CH3COCH3
Question 19
Increasing order of acidic strength among
p-methoxy phenol (I), p-methyl phenol
(II), p-nitrophenol (III) is
(a) III, I, II
(b) II, I, III
(c) III, II, I
(d) I, II, III
Question 20
A compound X undergoes reduction with
LiAlH4 to yield Y . When vapours of Y are
passed over freshly reduced copper at
◦
300 C, X is formed. What is Y ?
(a) CH3COCH3
(b) CH3CHO
(c) CH3CH2OH
(d) CH3OCH3
Answer of Q1
(d) absorbing in H2SO4 followed by
hydrolysis
Answer of Q2
(d) aspirin
§ Theory Recap
OH ONa
NaOH
−−−→ (A)
ONa OH
COONa
CO2
−−−→
◦
(B)
140 C
OH OCOCH3
COONa COOH
H+/H2O
−−−−→ (C)
Ac2O
Answer of Q3
(c) II and III
§ Theory Recap
II and III are aromatic alcohols due to the
presence of benzene ring and —OH
group is attached with aliphatic carbon.
I and IV are phenols.
Answer of Q4
(b) II > IV > I > III > V
§ Theory Recap
Phenols are acidic in nature due to
resonance stabilisation of phenoxide ion.
Presence of electron withdrawing groups
+
(such as —NO2, —X, —NR3 , —CHO,
—COX , —COOR, —CN) in the ring
stabilise phenoxide ion and increase the
acidic nature of phenols. On the other
hand, presence of electron releasing
groups (such as —CH3, —OR) in the ring
destabilises the phenoxide ion and
decreases the acidic nature of phenols.
Answer of Q5
CH3
(c)
CH(OH)COOH
OH
§ Theory Recap
CH3 CH3
CHCl3
−−−−−→
Aq. NaOH
CHO
OH OH
CH3 CH3
H2O
−−→
+
CHO H CH CN
OH OH OH
CH3 CH3
HCN
−−→
CH CN CH COOH
OH OH OH OH
Answer of Q6
(c) Methyle iodide + phenol
§ Theory Recap
On reaction of HI with methoxy benzene,
we get phenol and methyl iodide product.
OCH3 OH
373 K
+ HI −−−→ + CH3−I
Answer of Q7
(c) Tertiary > primary
§ Theory Recap
The dehydration of alcohols depends on
the degree of carbocation formed during
the dehydration. More be the degree
easier is the dehydration.Hence, (c)
option is correct.
Answer of Q8
CH3OC2H5, CH3OCH3 and C2H5OC2H5
§ Theory Recap
On heating the mixture of methanol and
ethanol we can get mixture of
CH3OCH3/C2H5OCH3/C2H5OC2H5
H2SO4
CH3OH + HOC2H5 −−−→ CH3OCH3
+ CH3OC2H5 + C2H5OC2H5
Answer of Q9
(c) Anisole
§ Theory Recap
Anisole will not give benzoic acid on
boiling with KMnO4 due to presence of
OCH3 (bonded directly with the benzene
ring).
Answer of Q10
(c) (CH3)2CHCH(OH)CH3
§ Theory Recap
C5H11OH has zero degree of
unsaturation. Which on dehydration give
alkene further alkene on oxidation gives
dehydration mixture of carboxylic acid
and ketone.
Dehydration
CH3 CH CH CH3 −−−−−−→
CH3 OH
CH3 C CH CH3 ,
CH3
CH3 C O + CH3COOH
CH3
Answer of Q11
(a) (i) and (ii)
§ Theory Recap
H+
(i) CH2 = CH − CH3 + H2O −→
CH3 CH CH3
OH
(ii) CH3CHO + CH3Mgl −→
H2O
CH3 CH OMgl −−→ CH3 CH CH3
CH3 OH
Answer of Q12
option (c) is correct
§ Theory Recap
(a) The initial step is the protonation of
+
alcohols using H −ions.
(b) Phenol does not react with NaHCO3
because NaHCO3 is a weak base
(c) Alcohols are soluble in water due to
intermolecular molecules
(d) –OH group is electron releasing group
thus is ortho, para directive.
Answer of Q13
(b) 2, 3-dimethyl-2-butene
§ Theory Recap
2,3-dimethyl but-2-ene is the major
product because conc.H2SO4 takes out
the water molecule. After the formation
of carbocation, tertiary carbocation will
form due to higher stability and leads to
product 2,3-dimethyl but-2-ene.
CH3 CH3 CH3
Conc. H2SO4
CH3 CH CH CH3 −−−−−−−−→ CH3 CH C CH3
−HO2
CH3 OH
Answer of Q14
(b) RCOOH > HOH > ROH > HC ≡ CH
§ Theory Recap
(i)Among the given structure, those
conjugate, gives resonance are more
acidic than the structure does not
show any resonance.
(ii)R-OH and HOH both will not shown
resonance but due to presence of alkyl
group (R)ROH is more acidic than
H2O (HOH)
(iii)Alkynes are slightly acidic duen to sp
hybridisation of both the triple bonded
carbon atoms the triple bonded carbon
atom (more be the s-character more is
the acidic nature of the alkyne).
Answer of Q15
option (a) is correct
§ Theory Recap
The given compound X having formula
C7H8O, thus has degree of unsaturation is
4 hence, it contain a ring and therefore
the product is phenol.
(i) Phenol will not dissolve in NaHCO3

due to its weak nature.
(ii) Since, X when treated with Br2 forms.
C7H5OBr3 (ppt.) and considering the
molecular formula of X , it is most
likely to be cresol.
CH3
C6H4
OH
(iii) Since X on bromination forms
tribromo derivative so, it is m-cresol,
i.e.
CH3
OH
The reactions are
CH3
NaHCO3
−−−−−−→ Cresol is a weak acid,
OH Week base
so no reaction
CH3
CH3
NaOH
−−−−−−−→ C6H4 (Soluble in NaOH)
OH Strong base
ONa
CH3 CH3
Br Br
Bromination
−−−−−−−−→
OH OH
Br
Answer of Q16
(c) sec-butyl alcohol
§ Theory Recap
The degree of unsaturation for the
formula C4H10O is zero, means the given
compound has no pair (π) bond or ring
in its structure. As, it gives sodium salt
with Na and a carbonyl compound.
Which does not give positive test with
Tollen’s reagent.
Therefore, the product formed on
oxidation is a ketone, the whole reaction
(s) are as follows :
CH3 CH2 CH CH3+NA

OH
CH3 CH2 C CH3 CH3 CH2 CH CH3
O ONa
↓
No reaction
Answer of Q17
(a) propanal, 3-pentanol
§ Theory Recap
Dry ether
CH3CH2CHO + C2H5MgI −−−−−−→ CH3CH2—CH—C2H5
(A)
Hydrolysis
CH3CH2—CH—C2H5 −−−−−−→ CH3CH2 C CH2CH3
[O]
CH3CH2 C CH2CH3 ←−− CH3CH2 CH CH2CH3 (B)
OH
O
Answer of Q18
(a)C2H5OH, CH3COOH
§ Theory Recap
When ethyl alcohol is oxidised by
acidified potassium dichromate.
CH3COOH(Y) is obtained as
3 C2H5OH + 2 K2Cr2O7 + 8 H2SO4 −→
3 CH3COOH+2 Cr2(SO4)3+2 K2SO4+11 H2O
Carboxylic acid undergoes reduction with
LiAIH4 to give primary alcohol as
O
LiAIH4
CH3 C OH −−−→ CH3CH2OH
(Ether)
Answer of Q19
(d) I, II, III
§ Theory Recap
OH OH OH
< <
OCH3 CH3 NO2

Electron releasing group decreases while
electron with drawing group increases
acidic strength by destabilising and
stabilising the phenoxide ion formed
respectively.
Answer of Q20
(c) CH3CH2OH
§ Theory Recap
Compound (X) on reduction with LiAIH4
give (Y), which on passing over the
copper at 300°C gives (X), therefore (X)
is an aldehyde which on reduction with
LiAIH4 gives primary alcohol
(CH3CH2OH) CH3CH2OH gives aldehyde
with copper on heating at 300°C.
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✓ This question contains organic

Similarly, esters are also reduced to

(a) A, C, D only (c) A, B, C only

¥ 2023 27th May

Correct option is (a)

Cross aldol condensation: When aldol

Correct option is (c)

Ozonolysis of alkenes involves the

Correct option is (a)

Correct option is (d)

The effect of following groups in

Correct option is (b)

(c) A-I, B-II, C-IV, D-III

A Carbonyl compounds like C6H5CHO

(a) C2H4 (b) C2H6

(b) CH3 C CH3

Option (a) is correct

I. Tollen’s test III. Carbylamine test

(c) A-III, B-I, C-IV, D-II

§ Carbylamine Test is performed by

Will give iodoform test

Reaction & Conditions

(a) Ethanoic acid (c) Glyoxal

Aldehydes or ketones on oxidation with

(3) Mixture of Fehling solution A + B

Acetaldehyde gives positive Fehling’s test while

(c) Mixture of Fehling solution A + B

Acetaldehyde gives positive Fehling’s test

A. Stephen reduction C. Wolff Kishner reduction

Choose the correct answer from the options given below :

(a) A-III, B-II, C-IV, D-I

(a) Iodoform test

(a) Acetaldehyde (c) Butanal

Formaldehyde is will known as formalin

(c) D > C > A > B

A Smaller the pKa value, the stronger the

(c) 4-Oxopentanoic acid

When aldol condensation is carried out

Choose the correct answer from the

(a) (A)-(II), (B)-(IV), (C)-(I), (D)-(III)

(b) (A)-(II), (B)-(I), (C)-(IV), (D)-(III)

Option (c) is correct

(b) A-IV, B-I, C-II, D-III

Choose the correct answer from the

(c) C and E only

(a) NO2 is an electron donating group

(b) NO2 is an electron-withdrawing group

(c) is less acidic than

(d) Hyperconjugation is more in

Option (a) is correct

is more acidic than

C6H5 O CH2 CH2 C CH3

(a) Benzoic acid + Ethanol

The product Y formed in the above

(d) KMnO4 – KOH/∆, HCl

Let alkyl benzene is

CH3 COOK COOH

List-I −→ Given pair of organic

Choose the correct answer from the

(c) 1 – IV, 2 – I, 3 – III, 4 – II

(c) CrO3 | H2SO4