Potentially useful Formulae

∑ 𝐴𝑦 𝑏𝑑3 𝑏3𝑑
𝑦̅ = ,𝐼 = ∑ 𝐼𝑥𝑥 + ∑ 𝐴ℎ2 𝐼𝑥𝑥 = , 𝐼𝑦𝑦 =
∑ 𝐴 𝑁𝐴𝑥 12 12
𝑀 𝜎 𝐸 4
𝜋𝑟
= = 𝐼𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑐 =
𝐼𝑁𝐴 𝑦 𝑅 4
1 1 1
= ∫ 𝑑𝐴 𝑀𝑦 𝑀(𝑟 − 𝑅)
𝑅 𝐴 𝑟 𝜎= =
𝐴𝑒(𝑅 − 𝑦) 𝐴𝑒𝑟
𝑒 = 𝑟̅ − 𝑅
𝑇 𝜏 𝐺𝜃 𝜋𝑟 4
= = ,𝑃 = 𝑇 ∙ 𝜔 𝐽𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑐 =
𝐽 𝑅 𝐿 2
𝐹𝑖 𝐿𝑖 𝐹𝑑𝑥
𝛿=∑ 𝛿=∫
𝐸𝑖 𝐴𝑖 𝐸𝐴
𝑖
𝐹 𝑀𝑦
𝜎𝑥 = (𝜎𝑥 )𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑐 + (𝜎𝑥 )𝑏𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔 = −
𝐴 𝐼
𝑑𝑦 1 1
= ∫ 𝑀(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 + 𝐶1 𝑦= ∫ 𝑑𝑥 ∫ 𝑀(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 + 𝐶1 𝑥 + 𝐶2
𝑑𝑥 𝐸𝐼 𝐸𝐼

𝑃 𝐾𝐿 𝜋 𝑃
𝑣𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 𝑒 [sec (√ ) − 1] = 𝑒 [sec ( √ ) − 1]
𝐸𝐼 2 2 𝑃𝑐𝑟
𝜋 2 𝐸𝐼
𝑃𝑐𝑟 =
(𝐾𝐿)2
𝑃 𝑃𝑒𝑐 𝑃 𝐾𝐿 𝑃 𝑒𝑐 𝜋 𝑃
𝜎𝑚𝑎𝑥 = + sec (√ ) = [1 + 2 sec ( √ )]
𝐴 𝐼 𝐸𝐼 2 𝐴 𝑟 2 𝑃𝑐𝑟

𝑉𝑄∆𝑥 𝑉𝑄 𝑉𝑄
𝑄 = 𝐴𝑦̅𝑐 = ∑ 𝐴𝑦 𝐻= 𝜏= 𝑞=
𝐼 𝐼𝑡 𝐼
2𝜏𝑥𝑦
𝑡𝑎𝑛2𝜃𝑝 =
𝜎𝑥 − 𝜎𝑦 𝜎𝑥 + 𝜎𝑦 𝜎𝑥 − 𝜎𝑦
𝜎𝑥′ = + cos2𝜃 + 𝜏𝑥𝑦 sin2𝜃
2 2
𝜎𝑥 + 𝜎𝑦 𝜎𝑥 − 𝜎𝑦 2 𝜎𝑥 + 𝜎𝑦 𝜎𝑥 − 𝜎𝑦
𝜎𝑚𝑎𝑥,𝑚𝑖𝑛 = ± √( 2
) + 𝜏𝑥𝑦 𝜎𝑦′ = − cos2𝜃 − 𝜏𝑥𝑦 sin2𝜃
2 2 2 2
𝜎𝑥 − 𝜎𝑦
𝜎𝑥 − 𝜎𝑦 2 𝜏𝑥′𝑦′ = − sin2𝜃 + 𝜏𝑥𝑦 cos2𝜃
𝜏𝑚𝑎𝑥 = √( 2
) + 𝜏𝑥𝑦 2
2

|𝜎1 | < 𝜎𝑌 , |𝜎2 | < 𝜎𝑌 or |𝜎1 − 𝜎2 | < 𝜎𝑌 𝜎𝑉𝑀 = √𝜎12 + 𝜎22 − 𝜎1 ∙ 𝜎2 < 𝜎𝑌

𝜎𝑎 𝜈 𝜎𝑏 𝜎𝑏 𝜈 𝜎𝑎 −𝜈 −𝜈 𝜏𝑎𝑏 𝐸
𝜀𝑎 = − , 𝜀𝑏 = − , 𝜀𝑐 = (𝜎𝑎 + 𝜎𝑏 ) = (𝜀𝑎 + 𝜀𝑏 ), 𝛾𝑎𝑏 = ,𝐺 =
𝐸 𝐸 𝐸 𝐸 𝐸 1−𝜈 𝐺 2(1 + 𝜈)
𝛾𝑥𝑦 2 2
𝜀𝑥′ = 𝜀𝑥 cos 𝜃 + 𝜀𝑦 sin 𝜃 + 𝛾𝑥𝑦 cos𝜃sin𝜃
𝑡𝑎𝑛2𝜃𝑝 =
𝜀𝑥 − 𝜀𝑦 𝜀𝑥 + 𝜀𝑦 𝜀𝑥 − 𝜀𝑦 𝛾𝑥𝑦
𝜀𝑥 + 𝜀𝑦 𝜀 𝑥′ = + cos2𝜃 + sin2𝜃
2 2 2
𝜀𝑚𝑎𝑥,𝑚𝑖𝑛 =
2 𝜀𝑥 + 𝜀𝑦 𝜀𝑥 − 𝜀𝑦 𝛾𝑥𝑦
𝜀𝑦′ = − cos2𝜃 − sin2𝜃
𝜀𝑥 − 𝜀𝑦 2 𝛾𝑥𝑦 2 2 2 2
± √( ) +( ) 𝛾𝑥′𝑦′ 𝜀𝑥 − 𝜀𝑦 𝛾𝑥𝑦
2 2 =− sin2𝜃 + cos2𝜃
2 2 2

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