436

Words Every
Zambian Interior Designer
A

Needs to Know

Mcgin McQater
 Copyright © 2023 by Mcgin McQater

All rights reserved. No portion of this book may be reproduced in any form without

written

permission from the publisher or author, except as permitted by Zambian

copyright law.

mcginmcqater@gmail.com

2
Preface to the First Edition

The language and terminology used by Interior Design professionals has

changed significantly in recent years as a result of the field's rapid evolution.

As a result, a thorough reference manual that compiles the most recent words

and meanings employed in the sector is required, particularly in Zambia. This

term guide of interior design is intended to serve as such resource. It was put

together with the intention of offering clear explanations of frequently used

phrases and concepts in interior design. This dictionary will be a great tool

whether you are a student of interior design, an experienced designer, or just

someone who wants to comprehend the terminology used in the field. Its brief

and unambiguous definitions, this book will assist you in developing a solid

knowledge base and ensuring that you are able to interact successfully with

people in the field.

This collection will continually be updated to incorporate local words, cliches

and terms.

Mcgin McQater, 2023

Kitwe.

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436 Words Every Zambian Interior Designer
Needs to Know

4
Accent wall: a wall in a room that is painted or decorated differently
from the other walls in order to draw attention to it.
Accent lighting: lighting used to highlight specific areas or features in
a room.
Acoustic panel: a panel used to reduce sound reflection and im-
prove sound quality in a room.
Adhesive: a substance used to bond two surfaces together.
Aesthetics: the study of the nature of beauty and taste, and the cre-
ation of beauty in design.
Air conditioning: the process of controlling the temperature, humidi-
ty, and air quality in a room or building.
Alcove: a recessed area in a wall, often used for storage or as a dis-
play area.
Allen wrench: a tool used to tighten or loosen bolts and screws.
Alternate: a term used to describe a design element that is used in
place of another element.
Ambient lighting: general or background lighting used to create a
sense of overall brightness in a room.
American style: a style of interior design characterized by a mix of
traditional and contemporary elements.
Amplitude: the degree of intensity of a color or pattern.
Angle: the measure of the acute or obtuse deviation of one line
from another.
Angle bracket: a bracket used to provide support at a 90-degree
angle.
Anodized: a process that uses an electric current to coat a metal
surface with a protective layer.
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Antique: a term used to describe an item that is more than 100 years
old.
Apartment: a self-contained housing unit that occupies only part of
a building.
Appliance: a device or machine that performs a specific task, such
as cooking or cleaning.
Apron: a strip of fabric or other material that is applied to the front of
a cabinet or countertop.
Arch: a curved structure that spans an opening and supports weight
above it.
Area rug: a rug that is used to define a specific area within a room.
Area lighting: lighting used to illuminate a specific area or feature in
a room.
Armoire: a tall cabinet used for storage, typically with doors and
shelves.
Art deco: a style of design characterized by bold geometric shapes,
bright colors, and stylized forms, popular in the 1920s and 1930s.
Art nouveau: a style of design characterized by flowing lines and
natural forms, popular in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.
Artwork: any item used for decorative or artistic purposes, such as
paintings, sculptures, or prints.
Asymmetrical: a term used to describe a design that is not balanced
or symmetrical.
Attic: the space above the ceiling of the top floor of a building, of-
ten used for storage.
Awning: a cover or shelter that is attached to the exterior of a build-
ing and can be extended or retracted.
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436 Words Every Zambian Interior Designer
Needs to Know

7
Backplate: a plate or frame that is used to cover the back of a cabi-
net or drawer.
Backrest: the part of a chair or sofa that supports the back.
Back splash: a material, such as tile, that is applied to the wall be-
hind a sink or stove in order to protect it from water damage.
Balcony: a platform that projects from the wall of a building and is
enclosed by a railing, often used for outdoor living or viewing.
Baseboard: a trim piece that is installed along the bottom of a wall
to cover the joint between the wall and the floor.
Base cabinet: a cabinet that is installed on the floor and provides
storage and support for a countertop.
Base molding: decorative trim that is installed at the base of a wall
to cover the joint between the wall and the floor.
Base plate: a plate or bracket that is used to provide support for a
structure or piece of furniture.
Base shoe: a trim piece that is installed along the bottom of a base-
board to cover the joint between the baseboard and the floor.
Basket weave: a pattern created by weaving strips of material over
and under each other.
Beam: a structural member that is used to support weight above it,
such as a ceiling or a floor.
Bedspread: a decorative cover that is placed over a bed and can
be used to add color or pattern to a room.
Bevel: a term used to describe a surface that is angled or slanted.
Beveled glass: glass that has been cut and polished at an angle to
create a specific design or effect.

8
Bifold door: a door that is hinged in the middle and can be folded in
half to save space.
Binder: a substance used to bind or hold together other materials.
Block: a solid piece of material, such as wood or concrete, that is
used for building or construction.
Bookcase: a piece of furniture that is used to store and display
books.
Border: a decorative band or edge that is used to separate or de-
fine an area.
Bracket: a support that is used to hold up a shelf or other structure.
Breakfast nook: a small area in a kitchen that is used for informal din-
ing.
Brick: a block of hardened clay or other material that is used for
building or construction.
Bridge: a structure that spans a gap or opening and provides sup-
port or passage.
Broom: a tool used to sweep floors and surfaces.
Buffet: a piece of furniture that is used for storage and display, often
placed in a dining room or living room.
Bullnose: a term used to describe a rounded edge on a tile or other
surface.

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436 Words Every Zambian Interior Designer
Needs to Know

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Cabinet: a piece of furniture that is used for storage and has doors
and shelves.
Caddy: a container or holder used to organize and store items.
Canopy: a covering or shelter that is suspended above a bed or oth-
er piece of furniture.
Carpet: a decorative floor covering that is made from woven or tuft-
ed fibers.
Carpet pad: a layer of material placed under a carpet to provide
cushioning and support.
Carriage bolt: a type of bolt that has a smooth, rounded head and
a square shoulder that prevents it from turning.
Casement window: a type of window that has a hinge on one side
and opens outward.
Cast iron: a type of metal that is made by pouring molten iron into a
mold.
Caulk: a sealant used to fill gaps and cracks in a surface.
Ceiling: the upper surface of a room or building that covers the top
of the walls.
Ceiling medallion: a decorative element that is placed on the ceil-
ing to add visual interest.
Ceiling fan: an appliance that uses a motor and blades to circulate
air in a room and help control the temperature.
Chain: a series of links that are connected together and used to sup-
port or lift a heavy object.
Chandelier: a decorative light fixture that is suspended from the ceil-
ing and often has multiple lights and intricate designs.

11
Channel: a groove or recess that is cut into a surface for a specific
purpose, such as to guide a cable or pipe.
Chest: a piece of furniture that is used for storage and has drawers
and/or a lid.
Chimney: a structure that carries smoke and gases from a fireplace
or furnace out of a building.
Cladding: a material that is applied to the exterior of a building to
provide a finished surface or insulation.
Clamps: a tool used to hold two or more things together tightly.
Cleat: a strip of wood or other material that is used to support or fas-
ten something in place.
Closet: a small room or cabinet used for storage, typically for cloth-
ing and personal items.
Coil spring: a type of spring that is made from a wound wire.
Column: a vertical structural member that supports weight above it,
such as a ceiling or a roof.
Combination square: a tool used to measure angles and make pre-
cise cuts.
Concealed hinge: a type of hinge that is hidden from view when the
door or cabinet is closed.
Concrete: a building material made of cement, aggregate, and wa-
ter.
Console table: a small table that is placed against a wall and often
has drawers or shelves for storage.
Construction adhesive: a type of adhesive that is used to bond build-
ing materials together.

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Cornice: a decorative element that is installed along the top of a
wall, above the window or door.
Countertop: a surface that is installed on top of cabinets and is used
for food preparation and other tasks.
Cove lighting: a type of lighting that is hidden behind a curved sur-
face or molding to provide indirect illumination.
Crown molding: decorative trim that is applied to the top of walls
where they meet the ceiling.
Cup pull: a type of cabinet pull that is shaped like a cup.
Curtain: a decorative piece of fabric or other material that is used to
cover or decorate a window.
Custom: a term used to describe something that is made to order or
to a specific design.
Cutout: a hole or opening that is cut into a surface for a specific pur-
pose, such as to provide access to a switch or outlet.
Cut-to-size: a term used to describe a piece of material that has
been cut to a specific size.

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436 Words Every Zambian Interior Designer
Needs to Know

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Damper: a device that regulates the flow of air or gas in a duct or
chimney.
Decorative molding: a type of molding that is used for decorative
purposes, such as to add visual interest or to define a specific area.
Demolition: the process of tearing down or dismantling a structure.
Dentil molding: a type of molding that has a repeating pattern of
small blocks or teeth.
Design: the process of creating a plan or layout for a space or pro-
ject.
Designer: a person who creates or plans the design of an interior
space or project.
Dimmer switch: a switch that controls the brightness of a light.
Display case: a type of cabinet or showcase that is used to display
and protect items such as collectibles, artwork, or other valuables.
Distressed: a term used to describe a surface that has been inten-
tionally worn or aged to create a vintage or rustic look.
Divider: a partition or screen used to separate one area from anoth-
er.
Dormer: a structure that projects from a sloping roof, typically with a
window or skylight.
Double hung window: a type of window that has two sashes that
can be opened and closed vertically.
Dowel: a small cylindrical rod used to join two pieces of wood or oth-
er material together.
Drawer: a compartment that is built into a piece of furniture and can
be pulled out for storage.
Drapes: heavy window treatments made of fabric.
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Dresser: a piece of furniture that is used for storage and has drawers,
often placed in a bedroom.
Driveway: a paved or gravel area leading to a house or building
that is used for vehicle access and parking.
Drywall: a type of wall construction that uses sheets of gypsum
board that are nailed or screwed to the framing.
Duplex: a building that contains two separate living units.
Dutch door: a door that is divided horizontally in two, the top and
bottom half can be opened independently.

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436 Words Every Zambian Interior Designer
Needs to Know

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Eave: the edge of a roof that projects beyond the wall of a building.
Edge banding: a strip of material, such as wood or plastic, that is ap-
plied to the edge of a piece of material to cover or protect it.
Edge profile: the shape or design of the edge of a piece of material,
such as a countertop or flooring.
Electrician: a professional who installs and maintains electrical sys-
tems in buildings.
Embellishment: a decorative element or ornament that is added to
a surface or object.
End table: a small table that is placed at the end of a sofa or bed.
Engineered wood: a type of wood product that is made by bonding
layers of wood together with glue and heat.
Entertainment center: a piece of furniture that is used to hold a tele-
vision and other electronic devices, and provide storage and display
space.
Entryway: the area of a home or building where people enter and
exit.
Epoxy: a type of adhesive that is used to bond materials together
and provide a strong, durable seal.
Escutcheon: a decorative plate or ring that is used to cover a key-
hole or other opening in a door or cabinet.
Etagere: a piece of furniture that has open shelves and is used for
storage and display.
Exposed ductwork: ducts that are left visible, rather than hidden be-
hind walls or ceilings.
Exterior: the outer surface or surfaces of a building or structure.

18
Exterior paint: paint that is designed for use on the exterior of a build-
ing or structure.

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436 Words Every Zambian Interior Designer
Needs to Know

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Fabric: any material that is made from woven or interlaced fibers,
such as cotton, silk, or wool.
Facade: the front or main surface of a building that is visible from the
street or other public area.
Faucet: a device that controls the flow of water from a pipe or
spout.
Feature wall: a wall in a room that is painted or decorated differently
from the other walls in order to draw attention to it and create a fo-
cal point.
Filler: a substance used to fill gaps or cracks in a surface.
Fireplace: an opening in a wall or floor that is used to contain a fire
and provide heat.
Fireplace mantel: a decorative shelf or surround that is installed
above a fireplace.
Fireplace surround: the decorative material that surrounds a fire-
place.
Fireproof: a term used to describe materials or constructions that are
resistant to fire.
Fixative: a substance used to hold a material in place or make it
more durable.
Flange: a projecting flat surface or rim that is used to strengthen or
support a structure.
Fluted: a term used to describe a surface that has vertical grooves or
channels.
Floor: the lower surface of a room or building that covers the ground.
Flooring: the material that is used to cover the floor of a room or
building.
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Floral: a term used to describe a design or pattern that features flow-
ers or other plants.
Flush: a term used to describe a surface that is level or even with an
adjacent surface.
Flush mount: a type of lighting fixture that is mounted directly to the
ceiling and sits flush with the surface.
Folding door: a door that is hinged in the middle and can be folded
in half to save space.
Folding screen: a decorative partition that can be folded for storage
or to change the layout of a room.
Footing: a foundation or base that supports a structure.
Formal: a term used to describe a style or design that is elegant and
sophisticated.
Frame: a structure that surrounds an opening or supports a piece of
furniture.
Framing: the process of constructing the basic structure of a building
or a piece of furniture.
French door: a door that is made up of a series of glass panels and
can be opened in the middle.
Fresco: a method of painting on wet plaster using water-based pig-
ments.
Frosted glass: glass that has been treated to create a translucent
surface that diffuses light.
Furniture: items that are used to furnish or decorate a room or build-
ing.
Furring strip: a thin strip of wood or other material that is used to level
or smooth a surface.
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436 Words Every Zambian Interior Designer
Needs to Know

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Gable: the triangular portion of a wall that is formed by the sloping
ends of a pitched roof.
Gable roof: a type of roof that has two sloping sides that form a
peaked shape.
Gallery wall: a collection of art, photographs, or other items that are
hung on a wall in a grouping.
Garden window: a type of window that projects out from the wall
and has shelves for plants.
Gasket: a ring or strip of material that is used to seal a joint or con-
nection.
Gilding: a decorative technique that involves applying a thin layer
of gold or other metal to a surface.
Glaze: a coating or finish that is applied to a surface to give it a
glossy or smooth appearance.
Glazing: the process of applying glass to a window or door frame.
Glider: a type of chair or sofa that moves back and forth smoothly
on a track or bearings.
Glass block: a block of glass that is used for construction or decora-
tion.
Glass door: a door that is made entirely or partially of glass.
Glass etcher: a professional who uses acid or abrasive materials to
create designs on glass surfaces.
Glaze: a coating that is applied to a surface to give it a glossy or
smooth appearance.
Glazing: the process of applying glass to a window or door frame.
Glider: a type of chair or sofa that moves back and forth smoothly
on a track or bearings.
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Glue: a substance that is used to bond materials together.
Grain: the pattern or direction of fibers in wood or other natural ma-
terials.
Grille: a decorative element that is used to cover an opening, such
as a radiator or air duct.
Grout: a paste-like substance that is used to fill the gaps between
tiles or other materials.
Gusset: a triangular or diamond-shaped piece of material that is
used to strengthen a joint or connection.
Gypsum board: a type of panel made of gypsum and used for walls
and ceilings.

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436 Words Every Zambian Interior Designer
Needs to Know

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Hanger: a device that is used to hold or support an object.
Hardware: the metal or other materials that are used to make the
mechanical parts of a piece of furniture or building.
Hardware pull: a handle or knob that is used to open a cabinet or
drawer.
Header: a structural member that spans an opening, such as a door
or window, and supports the weight above it.
Headboard: a decorative panel or frame that is mounted on the
wall behind a bed.
Heating: the process of providing warmth to a space, such as by us-
ing a furnace or radiators.
Hexagon: a six-sided shape.
High-gloss: a term used to describe a surface that has a shiny, reflec-
tive finish.
Hinged: a term used to describe a piece of furniture or object that is
attached to a hinge and can be opened and closed.
Hire: a term used to describe the process of hiring a professional or
contractor for a specific job or project.
Holesaw: a type of saw that is used to cut circular holes in a surface.
Honeycomb: a pattern that resembles the hexagonal cells of a hon-
eycomb.
Hook: a device that is used to hang or support an object.
Hopper window: a type of window that opens inward at the top and
is often used in basements.
Housewrap: a type of material that is applied to the exterior of a
building to provide a barrier against air and moisture.

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HVAC: an acronym for heating, ventilation, and air conditioning.
Hydronic heating: a type of heating that uses water or another liquid
to transfer heat through a building.

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436 Words Every Zambian Interior Designer
Needs to Know

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I-beam: a type of beam that is shaped like the letter "I" and is used to
support weight.
Inlay: a decorative technique that involves inserting a piece of ma-
terial into a surface to create a pattern or design.
Insulation: a material that is used to prevent the loss of heat or cool
air from a building.
Interior: the inside of a building or space.
Interior paint: paint that is designed for use on the interior of a build-
ing or structure.
Interlocking tile: a type of tile that has a pattern or design that fits to-
gether like a puzzle.
Inverted pleat: a type of pleat that is folded inwards.

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436 Words Every Zambian Interior Designer
Needs to Know

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Jamb: the vertical portion of a door or window frame that is on the
side of the opening.
Joint: the point where two or more pieces of material are joined to-
gether.

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436 Words Every Zambian Interior Designer
Needs to Know

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Keystone: a central stone or block that is used to support an arch.
Kitchen island: a freestanding piece of furniture that is often used for
food preparation and storage in a kitchen.

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436 Words Every Zambian Interior Designer
Needs to Know

35
Laminate: a type of material that is made by bonding layers of pa-
per or fabric together with resin.
Laminating: the process of applying a layer of laminate to a surface.
Landscape: the design and layout of outdoor spaces, including gar-
dens, lawns, and other features.
Latch: a device that is used to keep a door or window closed.
Lattice: a decorative element that is made of thin strips of wood or
other material that are woven together.
Lead: a soft, malleable metal that is often used for decorative ele-
ments in buildings.
Leaded glass: glass that has been reinforced with lead in order to
create a decorative design.
Ledger: a horizontal support that is used to hold up a structure or
piece of furniture.
Lintel: a horizontal structural member that supports the weight above
an opening, such as a door or window.
Lining: a covering that is applied to the inside of a surface or object.
Lip: a projecting edge or rim on a surface or object.
Listello: a decorative strip of tile or other material that is used to cre-
ate a border or accent.
Load-bearing: a term used to describe a structural element that sup-
ports weight or stress.
Loft: an open space that is typically located on the top floor of a
building.
Louver: a type of window or vent that has slats that can be adjusted
to control the flow of air.

36
Lumber: wood that is used for construction or other purposes.

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436 Words Every Zambian Interior Designer
Needs to Know

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Mantle: a decorative shelf or surround that is installed above a fire-
place.
Marble: a type of natural stone that is often used for flooring, coun-
tertops, and other decorative elements.
Marquetry: a decorative technique that involves inlaying different
colored woods or other materials to create a pattern or design.
Medallion: a decorative element that is often used as a focal point
in a room or on a piece of furniture.
Miter: a joint that is made by cutting two pieces of material at a 45-
degree angle and joining them at the corner.
Molding: a decorative element that is applied to the surface of a
wall, ceiling, or piece of furniture.
Mosaic: a decorative technique that involves using small pieces of
tile or other materials to create a pattern or design.
Muntin: a narrow strip of wood or other material that separates
panes of glass in a window.

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436 Words Every Zambian Interior Designer
Needs to Know

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Nail: a small, thin piece of metal that is used to fasten materials to-
gether.
Nail gun: a tool that uses compressed air or electricity to drive nails
into a surface.
Nail plate: a metal plate that is used to reinforce a joint or connec-
tion.
Nail set: a tool that is used to drive nails below the surface of a mate-
rial.
Newel: the central post of a stairway that supports the handrail.
Niche: a recessed area in a wall that is often used for display or stor-
age.
Non-load bearing: a term used to describe a structural element that
does not support weight or stress.
Nook: a small, recessed area in a room that is often used for reading
or other activities.
Nosing: the projecting edge of a stair tread.

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436 Words Every Zambian Interior Designer
Needs to Know

42
Ogee: a decorative curve that has a concave and convex shape.
Onlay: a decorative element that is applied on top of a surface.
Open-plan: a term used to describe a layout that does not have
walls or partitions separating different areas.
Ottoman: a type of footstool or seat that does not have a back or
arms.
Outlet: a device that is used to connect electrical devices to a pow-
er source.
Overhang: a portion of a roof or other structure that extends beyond
the edge of the building.
Overmantel: a decorative element that is installed above a mantel
or fireplace.

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436 Words Every Zambian Interior Designer
Needs to Know

44
Painted: a term used to describe a surface that has been coated
with paint.
Panel: a flat piece of material that is used to cover a wall or other
surface.
Panel molding: a decorative element that is used to frame a panel
or other surface.
Parge: a type of finish that is applied to a masonry surface.
Parging: the process of applying a parge finish to a surface.
Parquet: a type of flooring that is made of small, geometric pieces of
wood or other materials.
Partition: a wall or other structure that is used to separate one area
from another.
Paver: a flat, rectangular piece of material that is used to create a
patio or walkway.
Pediment: a triangular element that is used to decorate the top of a
doorway, window, or other architectural feature.
Pelmet: a decorative element that is used to hide the mechanism of
a window treatment, such as a curtain or blind.
Pendant: a type of light fixture that hangs from the ceiling and is sus-
pended by a cord or chain.
Pencil round: a type of edge profile that is rounded and has a slight
angle.
Pergola: an outdoor structure that has a roof and is often used for
climbing plants or shade.
Picket: a thin, pointed piece of wood or other material that is used
as a decorative element or for fencing.

45
Pier: a vertical support that is used to hold up a structure or founda-
tion.
Pilaster: a decorative element that is used to mimic the look of a col-
umn, but is not load-bearing.
Pin: a small, thin piece of metal that is used to hold materials togeth-
er.
Pitched roof: a type of roof that has a sloping surface.
Plaster: a type of material that is used to cover walls and other sur-
faces.
Plasterboard: a type of panel that is made of gypsum and is used for
walls and ceilings.
Plinth: a base or platform that is used to support a structure or orna-
ment.
Plumbing: the system of pipes, fixtures, and other devices that are
used to supply and remove water and waste.
Pointing: the process of filling in the gaps between bricks or other
masonry materials.
Porch: an area that is attached to a building and is used for entry or
relaxation.
Porcelain: a type of ceramic material that is known for its strength
and durability.
Portico: a porch or entrance that is supported by columns.
Post: a vertical support that is used to hold up a structure or founda-
tion.
Pouf: a small, round cushion that is often used as a footstool or seat.
Poured concrete: a type of concrete that is poured into forms and
allowed to harden.
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Prefabricated: a term used to describe an object or structure that is
made in a factory and then assembled on-site.
Prefinished: a term used to describe a surface or material that has al-
ready been finished or sealed before it is installed.
Pressure-treated: a term used to describe wood or other materials
that have been treated with chemicals to resist decay or insect
damage.
Privacy: a term used to describe a feature or design that allows for
personal space or seclusion.
Profile: the shape or contour of an edge or surface.
Project: a term used to describe a specific job or task that is being
undertaken by a designer or contractor.
Projection: the distance that a surface or object extends out from a
wall or other surface.

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436 Words Every Zambian Interior Designer
Needs to Know

48
Quarry tile: a type of tile that is made from natural clay and is often
used for floors.
Quoins: decorative stones or bricks that are used to accent the cor-
ners of a building.

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436 Words Every Zambian Interior Designer
Needs to Know

50
Railing: a barrier that is used to provide support or prevent falls, such
as on a stairway or balcony.
Rail: a horizontal support that is used to hold up a structure or piece
of furniture.
Recessed lighting: a type of lighting that is installed into a ceiling or
wall and sits flush with the surface.
Recycled: a term used to describe materials that have been sal-
vaged or repurposed for use in a new project.
Refinish: a term used to describe the process of restoring or renewing
the finish of a surface or object.
Remodel: a term used to describe the process of making changes or
improvements to an existing structure or space.
Renewable: a term used to describe materials or energy sources that
can be replenished or replaced.
Renew: a term used to describe the process of restoring or rejuvenat-
ing an object or space.
Reclaimed: a term used to describe materials that have been sal-
vaged or repurposed from an older structure.
Reflective: a term used to describe a surface or material that reflects
light.
Rejuvenate: a term used to describe the process of restoring or revi-
talizing an object or space.
Rekey: a term used to describe the process of changing the tum-
blers in a lock so that it can be opened with a new key.
Remodel: a term used to describe the process of making changes or
improvements to an existing structure or space.
Render: a finish that is applied to a surface, such as plaster or stucco.
51
Renovate: a term used to describe the process of making significant
changes or improvements to an existing structure or space.
Repair: a term used to describe the process of fixing or restoring an
object or structure.
Replicate: a term used to describe the process of creating an exact
copy of an object or design.
Reproduction: a term used to describe an object that has been cre-
ated to resemble an original piece, but is not an authentic original.
Resilient: a term used to describe a material or surface that can resist
wear and tear or recover its shape after being compressed or dis-
torted.
Restored: a term used to describe an object or structure that has
been returned to its original condition or appearance.
Retaining wall: a wall that is used to hold back soil or other materials.
Return: the portion of a molding or trim that turns back in the oppo-
site direction.
Reclaimed wood: wood that has been salvaged from old buildings
or structures and repurposed for use in new projects.
Riser: the vertical portion of a stair that is between each tread.
Roll-out: a term used to describe a type of cabinet or shelf that can
be pulled out for easy access.
Roof: the top covering of a building or structure that protects it from
the elements.
Roof deck: the surface of a roof that can be used for recreation or
other purposes.
Roofing: the materials and techniques that are used to cover and
protect a roof.
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Rough-in: a term used to describe the initial installation of electrical,
plumbing, or other systems before the final finishing work is done.
Rough-sawn: a term used to describe wood that has been cut with a
saw but not smoothed or finished.
Run: the horizontal distance that a stair tread extends.
Runner: a long, narrow rug that is often placed in a hallway or on a
stairway.
Rustic: a term used to describe a design or style that is characterized
by natural materials and a simple, earthy aesthetic.

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436 Words Every Zambian Interior Designer
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Sash: the movable part of a window that holds the glass.
Sconce: a type of light fixture that is mounted on a wall and projects
light upwards or downwards.
Screed: a term used to describe a flat surface that has been leveled
or smoothed.
Screen: a decorative or functional element that is used to block or
filter light or sound.
Screed board: a long, straight board that is used to level and smooth
concrete or other surfaces.
Scroll: a decorative element that is characterized by a spiral or
curved shape.
Scupper: an opening in a wall or parapet that allows water to drain
off a roof.
Sealant: a material that is used to fill gaps or joints and protect a sur-
face from moisture or other damage.
Secondary glazing: an additional layer of glass or other material that
is applied to an existing window to improve insulation or soundproof-
ing.
Sectional: a type of sofa or other seating that is made up of multiple
sections that can be arranged in different configurations.
Self-leveling: a term used to describe a material or surface that can
level itself without the need for manual adjustments.
Settle: a term used to describe the process of a structure or object
settling or becoming stable.
Shingle: a type of roofing material that is made of overlapping piec-
es of wood, asphalt, or other materials.

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Shoe molding: a type of molding that is used to cover the gap be-
tween a baseboard and a floor.
Sidelight: a narrow window that is located beside a door or other
opening.
Sill: the horizontal piece of wood or other material that is located at
the bottom of a window or door frame.
Sink: a basin that is used for washing or cleaning,
and is often installed in a bathroom or kitchen.
Skirt board: a type of molding that is used to cover the gap between
a stair tread and a wall.
Skylight: a type of window that is installed in a roof or ceiling to allow
natural light to enter a space.
Soffit: the underside of an eave, overhang or archway.
Softscape: a term used to describe the living, natural elements of a
landscape design such as plants, trees, and lawns.
Soil stack: a vertical pipe that carries waste water and sewage out
of a building.
Solarium: a room that is designed to capture and utilize natural light.
Soundproofing: the materials and techniques that are used to re-
duce or block the transmission of sound.
Space planning: the process of determining the most efficient and
effective use of space in a room or building.
Spandrel: the space between the top of a door or window and the
lintel or arch above it.
Spindle: a small, decorative element that is often used on balusters
or other architectural features.

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Spiral staircase: a type of staircase that is characterized by a central
pole and steps that wind around it.
Splashback: a panel or surface that is installed behind a sink or stove
to protect the wall from water or food splashes.
Split level: a type of home that has several levels that are not con-
nected by a traditional staircase.
Spray foam insulation: a type of insulation that is applied as a foam
and expands to fill gaps and cracks.
Square footage: a unit of measurement that is used to describe the
size of a room or building, typically measured in square feet.
Squaring: the process of making sure that a surface or object is per-
fectly square or aligned.
Stair: a series of steps that are used to move between different levels
of a building or structure.
Staircase: the entire structure that is used to move between different
levels of a building or structure, including the steps and railings.
Stair tread: the horizontal surface that is stepped on when using a
stair.
Stairway: an alternate term for staircase.
Standard: a term used to describe a measurement or specification
that is widely accepted and used in the industry.
Stool: a type of seating that is typically shorter than a chair and does
not have a back or arms.
Storage: the use of space or furnishings for the purpose of keeping
items organized and accessible.
Stone: a natural material that is often used for building, flooring, and
decorative elements.
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Stool: a type of seating that is typically shorter than a chair and does
not have a back or arms.
Stop: a small strip of wood or other material that is used to prevent a
door or window from moving too far.
Storm window: a window that is installed on the exterior of an existing
window to provide additional insulation and weather protection.
Straight edge: a flat edge that has no curves or angles.
Strap hinge: a type of hinge that is characterized by a long, flat strip
of metal that attaches to a door or other surface.
Stucco: a type of exterior finish that is made of cement, sand, and
water and is often used on masonry surfaces.
Stud: a vertical framing member that is used to support the weight of
a wall or other structure.
Subfloor: the layer of material that is installed on top of the floor joists
and acts as a base for the finished flooring.
Substrate: the surface or material that a finish or coating is applied
to.
Sunroom: a room that is designed to allow for maximum natural light
and views of the outdoors.
Support: a term used to describe the structural elements or systems
that hold up a building or structure.
Suspended ceiling: a type of ceiling that is hung from the main ceil-
ing and is often used to hide ductwork or other mechanical systems.
Sustainable: a term used to describe materials, designs, or practices
that are environmentally friendly and conserve resources.
Symmetry: a term used to describe a design or layout that is charac-
terized by balance and proportion.
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436 Words Every Zambian Interior Designer
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T&G: a term used to describe a type of flooring or paneling that has
a tongue and groove edge, allowing the pieces to fit together tight-
ly.
Tack strip: a thin strip of wood or other material that is used to secure
carpet or other flooring to the subfloor.
Terracotta: a type of clay material that is often used for flooring or
decorative elements.
Texture: the surface quality or feel of a material or finish.
Thermal mass: a term used to describe the ability of a material or sur-
face to absorb and store heat.
Thermal insulation: the materials and techniques that are used to re-
duce heat loss or gain in a building or structure.
Threshold: the strip of material that is located at the bottom of a
door or window, and creates a barrier between the interior and ex-
terior.
Tie-in: a term used to describe the process of connecting new con-
struction to existing structures or systems.
Timber: a term used to describe wood that is used for construction or
other purposes.
Time capsule: a container that is used to store items for future gener-
ations to discover.
Tint: a term used to describe a light or pale color.
Tipping: a term used to describe a method of cleaning carpets by
scrubbing with a brush and soap, then rinsing with water.
Toilet: a bathroom fixture that is used for waste disposal.
Topcoat: the final coat of paint or other finish that is applied to a sur-
face.
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Topsider: a type of tool box that is designed to be used in a pickup
truck bed.
Tread: the horizontal surface that is stepped on when using a stair.
Trim: decorative or functional elements that are used to finish or en-
hance a surface or object.
Truss: a structural element that is made up of a series of intercon-
nected triangles and is used to support a roof or other structure.
Tumble: a term used to describe the process of giving a surface a
worn or aged appearance.

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436 Words Every Zambian Interior Designer
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Underfloor heating: a type of heating system that is installed beneath
the flooring and radiates heat upward.
Underlayment: a layer of material that is installed between the sub-
floor and the finished flooring to provide insulation and a smooth sur-
face.
Upholstery: the materials and techniques that are used to cover and
finish furniture.
Utility room: a room that is used for laundry, storage, and other prac-
tical purposes.

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436 Words Every Zambian Interior Designer
Needs to Know

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Ventilation: the system of ducts, vents, and other devices that are
used to circulate fresh air and remove stale air from a building or
structure.
Versatile: a term used to describe a design, material or object that
can be used for multiple purposes or in different ways.
View: the visual aspect of a room or space, including the exterior
landscape or other features.
Vintage: a term used to describe an object or style that is from a pre-
vious era or time period.
Virtual design: the process of creating and visualizing a design using
computer software.

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436 Words Every Zambian Interior Designer
Needs to Know

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Wall: a vertical surface that is used to divide or enclose a space.
Wallcovering: a decorative material that is applied to a wall, such as
wallpaper or paint.
Wall-mounted: a term used to describe an object or feature that is
attached to a wall rather than being freestanding.
Wall niche: a recessed area that is built into a wall to display decora-
tive objects or artwork.
Wallpapering: the process of applying wallpaper to a wall.
Water feature: a decorative element that incorporates water, such
as a fountain or pond.
Waterproofing: the process of applying a coating or sealant to a sur-
face to prevent water from penetrating or damaging it.
Weatherstripping: a material that is used to seal gaps around doors
and windows to prevent drafts and improve energy efficiency.
Weathered: a term used to describe a surface or finish that has been
exposed to the elements and has a worn or aged appearance.
Wind load: the amount of pressure that a structure is designed to
withstand from wind.
Window: an opening in a wall or roof that allows light and air to enter
a space and can be opened or closed.
Window seat: a type of seating that is built into a window and allows
for a view while sitting.
Window treatment: the materials and techniques that are used to
cover or dress a window, such as curtains or blinds.
Wainscoting: a type of paneling that covers the lower portion of a
wall.

67
Walk-in closet: a closet that is large enough to walk into and typical-
ly has shelves and hanging space.
Water table: a horizontal element that separates the lower portion of
a wall from the upper portion.
Wattle and daub: a building technique that involves weaving flexible
branches or twigs between upright posts and then covering them
with a mixture of mud and clay.
Weatherboard: a type of cladding that is used on exterior walls and
is made of overlapping boards.
Whirlpool tub: a type of bathtub that has built-in jets that create a
circulating water massage.
Wainscot: a type of paneling that covers the lower portion of a wall.
Work triangle: a concept in kitchen design that refers to the relation-
ship between the sink, stove, and refrigerator, which should be posi-
tioned in a way that makes food preparation and cooking more effi-
cient.
Wood: a natural material that is often used for building, flooring, and
decorative elements.
Wood paneling: a type of interior finish that is made of wood and is
often used to cover walls.
Wood flooring: a type of flooring that is made of wood and is availa-
ble in many different styles and finishes.
Wrought iron: a type of iron that has been shaped or formed by
hammering or other means while it is in a solid state.

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436 Words Every Zambian Interior Designer
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X-brace: a type of structural element that is used to strengthen a
wall or other surface and is characterized by two diagonal braces
that form an "X" shape.

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436 Words Every Zambian Interior Designer
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Yellow brick: a term used to describe a type of brick that is made of
yellow clay and has a warm, yellowish color.
Yoke: a term used to describe the horizontal beam that is used to
connect two vertical posts.

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Zoning: the process of dividing a space or building into different are-
as or zones based on their intended use or purpose.
Z-bracing: a type of structural element that is used to strengthen a
wall or other surface and is characterized by two diagonal braces
that form a "Z" shape.
Zen: a term used to describe a design or aesthetic that is character-
ized by simplicity, minimalism, and a balance of natural elements.
Zigzag: a pattern or design that is characterized by alternating lines
that form a zigzag shape.
Zigzag stair: a type of stair that is characterized by steps that
change direction at angles, creating a zigzag pattern.
Zonal: a term used to describe a design or layout that is divided into
different zones or areas.
Zoned heating: a type of heating system that is divided into different
zones or areas, allowing for individual control of temperature in each
zone.
Zoned lighting: a type of lighting system that is divided into different
zones or areas, allowing for individual control of lighting in each
zone.
Zoned air conditioning: a type of air conditioning system that is divid-
ed into different zones or areas, allowing for individual control of
temperature in each zone.

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