411¢0 EF ail oll 58% x @ Negotiation: Definitio... < QO : investopedia.com = @investopedia TABLE OF CONTENTS Ww Investopedia / Ellen Lindner What Is Negotiation? The term negotiation refers to a strategic discussion intended to resolve an issue ina way that both parties find acceptable. Negotiations involve give and take, which means one or both parties will usually need to make some concessions. Advertisement Ads by Google a412¢0 BLAS al all S8%— = @investopedia TABLE OF CONTENTS v ed How Negotiations Work Negotiations involve two or more parties who come together to reach some end goal that is agreeable to all those involved. One party will put its position forward, while the other will either accept the conditions presented or counter with its own position. The process continues until both parties agree to a resolution or negotiations break off without one. Experienced negotiators will often try to learn as much as possible about the other party's position before a negotiation begins, including what the strengths and weaknesses of that position are, how to prepare to defend their positions, and any counter-arguments the other party will likely make. Advertisement412¢0 BAF al all 8% — @ Investopedia TABLE OF CONTENTS v Negotiation can take place between buyers and sellers, employers and prospective employees, two or more governments, and other parties. Here is how negotiation works and advice for negotiating successfully. KEY TAKEAWAYS * Negotiation is a strategic discussion between two parties to resolve an issue in a way that both find acceptable. * Negotiations can take place between buyers and sellers, employers and prospective employees, or the governments of two or more countries, among others. * Successful negotiation usually involves compromises on the part of412¢0 BLAS ll 57% me @ Investopedia TABLE OF CONTENTS Vv The length of time it takes for negotiations to conclude depends on the circumstances. Negotiation can take as little as a few minutes, or, in more complex cases, much longer. For example, a buyer and seller may negotiate for minutes or hours for the sale of a car. But the governments of two or more countries may take months or years to negotiate the terms of a major trade deal. § Important: Some negotiations require the use of a skilled negotiator such as a professional advocate, a real estate agent or broker, or an attorney. Examples of Negotiations Negotiating can take place between individuals, businesses, governments, and in any other situation where two parties have competing interests. Here are two everyday exampl Ad Leave your Phe. saa Ul O <412¢0 BLAS ll 57% me = @investopedia TABLE OF CONTENTS v Say you plan to buy a new SUV but don't want to pay the full manufacturer's suggested retail price (MSRP). In that case, you might offer what you consider a fair price. The dealer can accept your offer or counter with another price figure. If you have good negotiating skills, you may be able to drive the price down to a level where you're happy and the dealer is still able to walk away with a profit, albeit a slimmer one. Or, suppose you've been offered a new job but don't consider the salary sufficient. An employer's first compensation offer is often not its best possible offer, so it may have some room to negotiate. In fact, a 2016 survey by the CareerBuilder website found that 73% of employers were open to negotiating a starting salary with job seekers. !1! And if higher pay isn't a possibility, the employer may be willing to offer something additional, such as more vacation time or better benefits. aera reiki412¢0 BLAS lll 57% x @ Negotiation: Definitio... Pa a investopedia.com = @investopedia TABLE OF CONTENTS Vv In both of these examples—as in most successful negotiations—both parties have made compromises, while also achieving their principal goals. FAST FACT A 2022 study by Fidelity Investments found that while 58% of workers had accepted their employer's initial offer, 85% of those who attempted to negotiate got at least some of what they asked for.!2! The Stages of the Negotiation Process Regardless of what you're negotiating over or with whom, negotiation usually involves412¢0 BLAS lll 57% = @investopedia TABLE OF CONTENTS v The Stages of the Negotiation Process Regardless of what you're negotiating over or with whom, negotiation usually involves several distinct steps. Advertisement Ad closed by Google Preparation Before negotiations begin, there are a few questions it helps to ask yourself. Those include: © What do you hope to gain, ideally? Ad413 é0 BLAS ll 57% me = @investopedia TABLE OF CONTENTS v Preparation Before negotiations begin, there are a few questions it helps to ask yourself. Those include: © What do you hope to gain, ideally? * What are your realistic expectations? * What compromises are you willing to make? © What happens if you don't reach your end goal? Preparation can also include finding out as much as you can about the other party and their likely point of view. In the case of the SUV negotiation above, you could probably find out how much room the dealer has to bargain by looking up actual sales prices for that vehicle online. Also, marshal any facts that will help you make a persuasive case. If you're negotiating for a new job or a raise at work, for instance, come ad413 ¢0 EE al ll 57% = @investopedia TABLE OF CONTENTS Vv Tips for Successful Negotiating Some people may be born negotiators, but many of us are not. Here are a few tips that can help. We help people TT Rete e solve problems and get inspired ale) i ry * Justify Your Position. Don't just walk into negotiations without being able to back up your position. Bring information to show that you've done your research and you're committed to reaching a deal. * Put Yourself in Their Shoes. Remember — aq Peet) m ith PO ee atte)414¢0 G2 9 al all 57% = @lnvestopedia TABLE OF CONTENTS Vv e Put Yourself in Their Shoes. Remember that the other side has things it wants out of the deal, too. What can you offer that will help them reach their goal (or most of it) without giving away more than you want to or can afford to? Keep Your Emotions in Check. It's easy to get caught up in the moment and be swayed by your personal feelings, especially ones like anger and frustration. But don't let your emotions cause you to lose sight of your goal. Know When to Walk Away. Before you begin the negotiating process, it's a good idea to know what you'll accept as a bare minimum and when you'd rather walk away from the table than continue to bargain. There is no use trying to reacha deal if both sides are hopelessly dug in. Even if you don't want to end negotiations entirely, pausing them can give everyone involved a chance to regroup and possibly return to the table with a fresh perspective. Ad417@0 BL al all 56% Departmentation: it’s Meaning and Definition - Explained! Article shared by : Smriti Chand ADVERTISEMENTS: Thanks for your feedback. Ad choices [> Departmentalization (or simply departmentation) refers to the grouping of operating tasks into jobs, the combining of jobs into effective work groups and the combining of groups into divisions often termed as ‘Departments’. ADVERTISEMENTS: Thanks for your feedback re Ad choices [> Ml O <418é0 NA al all 56% v Grouping of activities into departments is necessary part of the process of setting up organisation, whenever enterprise expands beyond the size that cannot be effectively managed by one person. Departments and levels emerge from the grouping of activities. According to Koontz and O'Donnell, “A department is a distinct area, division or branch of an enterprise over which a manager has authority for the performance of specified activities.” In the words of Louis Allen, “Divisionalisation is a means of dividing the large and monolithic functional organisation into smaller flexible administrative units.” In simple words, departmentation is the process of classifying and grouping all the activities of an enterprise into different units and sub-units. The aim is to facilitate Jy the carrying out of the activities ee efficiently for achieving overall = Il O <418é0 BBS all all 56% v The management of the enterprise is made more effective by departmentation. It would have been a very difficult and complicated task to manage a large undertaking without divisionalisation. The creation of a series of smaller departments enables the executives to get them specialised within a narrower range of activity. This helps the organisation to assign the work only to those who are best suited. With this type of assignment, the executives can focus their experience and interest only on that work assigned to them departmentally rather than concentrating on overall company interests and policies. Departmentalisation further helps the executive to direct and control the work to be done under his department. The executive under this system will also get a chance to exhibit his skill and experience regarding various problems to be handled in his department— bg thereby the basis for top Privacy Terms ieininnntntn nnd tin hinsin nfbaatinia cn. Ill O <418é0 NA al all 56% v veparumentalisauon ruriner neips the executive to direct and control the work to be done under his department. The executive under this system will also get a chance to exhibit his skill and experience regarding various problems to be handled in his department— thereby the basis for top management to have effective co- ordination and control over the various departments. Lastly, assignment of work to manageable units can be effectively made under divisionalised structure of organisation. But there are certain danger points in this process of departmentation, viz., ADVERTISEMENTS: Thanks for your feedback. [ Ad choices [> Il O <418é0 BLAS al all 56% (i) the work of co-ordination becomes .difficult; the greater the number of departments and particularly levels, the more complicated becomes the task of co -ordination. The managerial efficiency and the overall output would be lesser because of poorer coordination (ii) the work of communication, control, supervision and planning appears more difficult and enhances the cost of managing an enterprise (iii) there is remote possibility of direct contract between top management and operative personnel because of the layering of executives This causes a loss of morale on the part of subordinates. In short, levels are expensive in terms of money and effort and undermine operating efficiency of the business. om Related Articles: _...... Il O <413 ¢ 0 ER al ull 57% = @lnvestopedia TABLE OF CONTENTS Vv “negotiation above, you could probably find out how much room the dealer has to bargain by looking up actual sales prices for that vehicle online Also, marshal any facts that will help you make a persuasive case. If you're negotiating for a new job or a raise at work, for instance, come armed with concrete examples of your accomplishments, including hard numbers if possible. Consider bringing testimonials from satisfied clients and/or coworkers if that will buttress your case. We help people BT Rua ed solve problems and get inspired LEARN MORE D Schengen countries <10:05 @@ 0 BOL ul ll 43% Spot Cues of Nervousness Being socially perceptive means recognizing when someone is uncomfortable and helping to put them at ease. What it looks like: ©® Fidgeting: Constantly adjusting seating or attire often shows unease. @ Averted Eye Contact: Frequent looking away can suggest a lack of confidence or nervousness. © Shaking Legs or Tapping Feet: This is a standard indicator of nervous energy. © Stuttering or Fumbling Words: When people are nervous, they may have a more challenging time articulating their thoughts and could start stuttering or mispronouncing words. © Playing with Hair or Touching Face: When people are nervous, they often engage in self-soothing behaviors like playing with their hair or touching their face. Il O <1:50 8 EB al all 74% they could benefit, ar gain something that is to their own interest. This is where strong bonds make deviance more costly. Deviant acts appear attractive to individuals but social bonds stop most people from committing the acts. Deviance is a result of extensive exposure to certain social situations where individuals develop behaviors that attract them to avoid conforming to social norms. Social bonds are used in control theory to help individuals from pursuing these attractive deviations. According to Travis Hirschi, humans are selfish beings, who make decisions based on which choice will give the greatest benefit. A good example of control theory would be that people go to work. Most people do not want to go to work, but they do, because they get paid, to obtain food, water, shelter, and clothing. Hirschi (1969) identifies four elements of social bonds: attachment, commitment, involvement, and belief.(2! v See also v Notes v References MW Oo <1:58 8 2B 9 ll all 72% cE = Despite the solitary bookworm stereotypes, studies have proven a link between reading literary fiction and an increased ability to understand the emotions and thoughts of others, better social skills and relating to others whose lives are different from ours. The brain doesn’t distinguish reading about an experience and living it - the same regions are activated. Reading literary fiction produces a simulation of reality, which allows us to experience the emotions and thoughts of characters. In this regard, literary fiction acts as a bridge to better understand other people and points of view that are vastly different from ours. Although participants in the study were tested on their reactions after reading non- fiction, genre (popular) fiction and literary fiction, the results specifically identifies literary fiction as having an effect on empathy. This is thought to be because literary fiction explores the psychology and relationships of the characters in more depth than genre fiction and non-fiction books. iT O <10:04 @ 60 BOLE al ll 49%H © Leaning: When we want to engage with something — hear it, see it, touch it, taste it, we rely closer. We do this when we like someone or something or hear something we agree with. © Purposeful Gestures: Our hands often show true intention and competence. When someone has gestures that align or explain their words, they genuinely believe in and know what they are talking about. © Smiling: A genuine smile activates the eyes—look for “crow’s feet” wrinkles at the eye corners. A fake smile usually involves just the mouth. Our Science of People founder, Vanessa Van Edwards, has cataloged 97 cues. The ten above are just the start! Be sure to get her book on Amazon or Audible. Master the Secret Language of Charismatic Communication SMALL SIONALS SA weaeDBLE pact1010860 BOS lll 4248 Persuasion in Business: An Overview Persuasion is a method of communication by which speakers or writers try to convince other people to agree to a certain viewpoint or to act in a certain way. The result of persuasion is motivation, the reason why listeners or readers think or do things differently. Sometimes the use of persuasion may be easy to spot, but at other times it may be less perceptible. Furthermore, sometimes persuasion may be used for very honorable and well-intended reasons, but at other times it may be used to further a corrupt, even sinister, agenda, In a business environment, persuasion is used to motivate employees to buy into and work toward organizational goals, to take on specific tasks or projects, or comply with any number of thoughts or directives that leaders believe will lead to business success. Co-workers may also persuade their peers to adopt certain opinions or be responsible for certain duties of their shared workloads. Persuasion is a common practice used among customers and other stakeholders as well. Businesses use persuasion to earn favor from their target markets and the general public, in the hope of influencing customers to purchase their goods or services. For example, Max is the owner and president of a virtual reality business specializing in police training. His business comprises finance staff, tech developers, and sales staff. In the face of societal concern around police brutality, Max persuades his employees to see themselves as important contributors to solving the problem. He tells stories of how the company's training programs have prevented harrowing police/public encounters from escalating into life-threatening conflict. These stories serve as motivation for Max's amnlaunan ta ha mara aammittad ta the aarmnant: Il O <10:02 @@ 0 BOLE al ll 44% — x f@ What is Social Perce... < Q : scienceofpeople. com SCIENCE = PEOPLE What is Social Perceptiveness? Social perceptiveness is the ability to accurately perceive and understand the thoughts, feelings, and behaviors of others in social settings. You can think of it like your built-in radar for human interactions. Social perceptiveness is essential for understanding moods, motives, and even those slight twitches of the eyebrow that say more than a mouthful. Watch our video below to learn how to master social perceptiveness:35 _ ae Fal _ CAE — READING HELPS WITH SLEEP Reading before bed helps with sleep, especially if your transform your reading into a night-time ritual. There are a few reasons why reading before bed is good for your sleeping habits. The main reason is the decrease in stress, anxiety and muscular tension associated with reading. Helping you relax and unwind before sleep can make a difference in being able to push aside anxious thoughts and allow your consciousness to drift off. Another reason is that the habitual ritual oO <1:58 BF all all 72% on™ — CAE = Another reason is that the habitual ritual allows your mind to associate bed and treading with sleep. To do this, it is important not to mix up your habits. Make sure you switch your smartphone or tablet with a paperback book or eReader as backlit screen devices can disrupt the production of melatonin, and browsing the internet or scrolling through email and social media on your phone can keep your mind alert and in an active state. READING IMPROVES RELATIONSHIPS Reading has an indirect effect of improving our relationships through increased empathy, a vital trait for successful and rewarding relationships. Despite the solitary bookworm stereotypes, studies have proven a link between reading literary fiction and an increased ability to understand the emotions and thoughts of others, better social skills and relating to others whose HI Oo <1:50 @ BLAS lull 74% mi Decentralized control or market control is typically maintained through factors such as price, competition, or market share. Centralized control such as bureaucratic control is typically maintained through administrative or hierarchical techniques such as creating standards or policies. An example of mixed control is clan control which has characteristics of both centralized and decentralized control. Mixed control or clan control is typically maintained by keeping a set of values and beliefs or norms and traditions. Containment theory, as developed by Walter Reckless in 1973, states that behavior is caused not by outside stimuli, but by what a person wants most at any given time. According to the control theory, weaker containing social systems result in more deviant behavior. Control theory stresses how weak bonds between the individuals and society free people to deviate or go against the norms, or the people who have weak ties would engage in crimes so they could benefit, or gain something that is to their own interest. This is where strong bonds make deviance more costly. Deviant acts appear attractive to individuals but social bonds stop most people from committing the acts. Deviance is a result of extensive exposure to certain social Ul O <10:03 @@ O BOLE il ll 49%8 @ Nose Crinkles: When someone wrinkles their nose, it is a subtle disgust expression. We do this when we smell something terrible, but we also do this when we hear or see something we do not like that makes us uncomfortable. © Horizontal Nodding: In cultures except for India, Bulgaria, and Pakistan, the vertical nod means agreement and interest, while a horizontal nod means disagreement and disinterest. Watch out for subtle head nods showing true feelings. Positive Cues show engagement, curiosity, and agreement. They are cues you should mimic and encourage. Here are the top 5 positive cues to watch out for: ® Head tilting: This is the universal sign of engagement. © Postural Expansion: When someone takes up space, they feel confidence or pride. @ Leaning: When we want to engage with something — hear it, see it, touch it, taste it, we rely closer. We do this when Ad closed by Google Il O <1:59 9 BIA lal 72% o_ — CAE = For most, the act of reading is a solitary act but this doesn't have to be the case. Reading can be turned into a social event by finding a like-minded group of friends or members of your community and joining a book group. The benefits of book groups is transforming an isolated practice into a social ritual and being able to discover a group of individuals that share the same passions. Reading and discussing books have the effect of getting a deeper understanding of the story through listening and debating different points of view. There are different options for book groups, from online and social media book clubs to face-to-face book groups. If you are trying to decide which style of book groups suits you, check out our Traditional vs Online Book Clubs article.1:59 8 BIAS lull 72% 8 on™ —_ CAE = READING INSPIRES SUCCESS Have you heard of the saying ‘not all readers are leaders, but all leaders are readers’? Well, there’s a lot of truth in that. Many historical leaders were known to be avid readers, and some of the most successful business leaders such as Bill Gates, Oprah Winfrey and Elon Musk have associated reading with their career success. Studies in the US show that active readers are likely to earn up to five times than those who spend little or no time reading. A study of the world’s wealthiest people found that the only trait in common was the fact that they read. This was echoed in a study in the UK, Ul O <10:04 @@0 BOLE al ll 43% B Anger Sad Fear = & @ ~ @ @ © Source Why It Matters: If you spot these facial cues, you might be better at telling if someone shows genuine emotions. These skills are invaluable, whether de-escalating a heated debate or recognizing real happiness. For a deeper dive, check out our article: The Definitive Guide to Reading Facial Microexpressions. Il Oo <12:26 @ AS ll 31%B solving formula that provides you with step-by-step instructions used to achieve a desired outcome (Kahneman, 2011). You can think of an algorithm as a recipe with highly de- tailed instructions that produce the same result every time they are per- formed. Algorithms are used fre- quently in our everyday lives, espe- cially in computer science. When you run a search on the Internet, search engines like Google use algorithms to decide which entries will appear first in your list of results. Facebook also uses algorithms to decide which posts to display on your newsfeed. Can you identify other situations in which al- gorithms are used?A heuristic is an- other type of problem solving strategy. While an algorithm must be followed exactly to produc rrect result, re east ec Next: What are Intelligence and Creativity? Wl O < =1:46 8 BMBF al ll 75% w en.wikipedia.org : x ‘Accounting ive. Management Accounting Extensive Measurement Management Control ommunication, Coordination, Motivation fF) I Social Psychology ic, GSP Economics Organizational Behavior upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedi. _Visit > Images may be subject to copyright. Learn More Save << Share mmr Muncy cgnied Baise = ao Sees a ites tes Pee Business Management Id. Management Control: D... Ee Tego Pa © Harvard Business Review What Kind of Manaaeme.. * Q al Discover Search Saved Ml oO <10:03 @@ O BOLE al ll 49%8 © Lip Purse: When someone presses their lips into a hardline or presses their lips together, it usually means they are withholding something or suppressing an emotion. @ Rapid Blink Rate: If someone suddenly starts to blink rapidly, it usually makes them anxious. Liars often also blink quickly as they try to process the lie in their heads and deliver it with false confidence. Watch out for sudden eye blinks! @ Shame Cue: When someone touches the sides of their forehead, it is a subtle form of shame. We do this to block out something embarrassing or that we do not want to talk about. Il O <1:47 8 BIAS lal 75% mi R® -ResearchGate : x Activity Nature of end product Strategy formulation Goals, strategies, and policies Management control Implementation of strategies Efficient and effective performance of individual tasks Anthony's original definition of Visit > management control as the... Images may be subject to copyright. Learn More Save < Share © Business Management Id. Management Control: D @ YouTube Introduction To Manage... # Q Discover Search Ul O <1:58 O BAS lull 72% on™ — CAE = READING PROMOTES WELLNESS While an apple an day can keep the doctor away, a book a week can keep the grim reaper at bay. Reading has an unexpected bonus of increasing your lifespan. A 2016 study published in Social Science & Medicine journal found that reading for at least 30 minutes a day extended the lifespan of participants by an average two years, with book readers who read more than three hours every week at an advantage over their peers who read magazines and newspapers. Booktrust, the UK’s largest reading charity, conducted a survey of 1500 adult in the UK and found that people who read books regularly are on average more satisfied with life, happier, and more likely to feel that the things they do in life are worthwhile. In the case of mild to severe depression, reading self-help books or being read to HI Oo <1011860 BOS lll 418 How is persuasion used in business? Persuasion is used in countless business situations. Persuaders are often in action during sales calls, meetings, presentations, and casual interactions to change the mindsets or behaviors of their co-workers. What is an example of persuasion? Persuasion is a communication process with the aim to change other people's mindsets or behaviors. For example, a salesperson for a large paper company persuades a longtime client to purchase more reams of Paper per month to experience deeper shipping and handling discounts. Since the salesperson is known for his trustworthiness and being knowledgeable, the client agrees to the deal What are persuasive techniques in business? People in business use persuasion to motivate employees, increase sales, gain investors, and negotiate purchasing deals. Persuaders are known for being knowledgeable, trustworthy, succinct, eloquent, and having other positive qualities. Unlock all of Study.com back lama [Choose one ~ | Looking to Start today. Try itnow Start today. Try it now General Business and Finance Lessons 8 chapters | 285 lessons Ch1 General Business and Finance Ill O <12:25 O 888 al all 31% B J. A famous example of a problem of transformation involves the well- known Tower of Hanoi problem. Click on the following link to at- tempt to solve this problem using just 3 discs. If you increase the num- ber of discs to 4 or 5 you will notice that the problem becomes signific- antly more challenging (and re- quires significantly more moves to solve). Tower of Hanoi: https://www.mathsisfun.com/ games/towerofhanoi.html Note: Once you have attempted all 10 sample problems, scroll to the bottom of this page to check the solutions. Problem-solving Strategies When you are presented with a problem —whether it is a complex mathematical problem or a broke@gm@inter, how do ou salvo it? Rofo ins i Next: What are Intelligence and Creativity? —} Ml oO <1:57 0 GB all all 72% o™ — CAE = Stress is a common hazard of our modern lives. A study by the University of Sussex demonstrated that six minutes of silent treading can reduce stress levels by 68 per cent. In fact, reading works better and faster than other methods such as listening to music, going for a walk or sitting down for a relaxing cuppa. There are many reasons for the profound stress relieving effect of reading. First, reading allows the mind to focus and concentrate on the words, which pulls the reader away from anxious thoughts. Reading also has the effect of suspending reality. When we read, we escape into another world or another person and enter into an altered state of consciousness, which alleviates tension in the muscles and heart. The relaxing effect produced by books is not determined by the type or genre of book you are reading, as long as you can lose yourself in the narrative. RFannie AAAATES HI O <12:25 O BIAS ll 31%B Problem-solving Strategies When you are presented with a problem —whether it is a complex mathematical problem or a broken printer, how do you solve it? Before finding a solution to the problem, the problem must first be clearly identified. After that, one of many problem solving strategies can be applied, hopefully resulting in a solution. A problem-solving strategy is a plan of action used to find a solution. Different strategies have different action plans as- sociated with them (see Table 1). For ex- ample, a well-known strategy is trial and error. The old adage, “If at first you don’t succeed, try, try again” describes trial and error. In terms of your broken printer, you could try checking the ink levels, and if that doesn’t work, you could check to make sure the paper tray isn’t jammed. Or maybe the printer isn’t actually connected ur laptop. When using trial and am * A would con- Pre tea ist oc Next: What are Intelligence and Creativity? Wl O < =1:58 O BIAS lull 72% 6 om CAE In the case of mild to severe depression, reading self-help books or being read to can assist in recovery. While books cannot replace the role of psychologists and therapists, in the case of mild depression, bibliotherapy can be as effective as standard medical care. In fact, UK organisation Reading Well has a selection of book titles and evidence-backed booklists endorsed by medical experts to promote health and wellbeing. READING HELPS COMBAT ALZHEIMER'S AND DEMENTIA Reading is a workout for the brain, and keeping your mind active can help preserve brain health later in life. Research shows that elderly patients who read books or play mentally challenging games are two and a half times less likely to develop Alzheimer's. Reading is also associated with lower risk of developing Ul O <12:15 8 BBS il ll 33%B swoop down on particular facts Facts may be buried within long text passages that have relatively little else to do with your topic or claim. Skim this material first to decide if it is likely to contain the facts you need. Don't forget to scan tables of contents, summaries, indexes, headings, and typographical cues. To make sense of lists and tables, skim them first to understand how they are organized: alphabetical, chronological, or most-to-least, for example. If after skimming you decide the material will be useful, go ahead and scan: 1. Know what you're looking for. Decide on a few key words or phrases—search terms, if you will. You will be a flesh-and-blood search engine 2. Look for only one keyword at a time. If you use multiple keywords, do multiple scans 3. Let your eyes float rapidly down the page until you find the word or phrase you want 4. When your eye catches one of your keywords, read the surrounding material carefully. Scanning to answer questions If you are scanning for facts to answer a specific question, one step is already done for you: the question itself supplies the keywords. Follow these steps: 1. Read each question completely before starting to scan. Choose your keywords from the question itself. 2. Look for answers to only one question ata time. Scan separately for each question. 3. When you locate a keyword, read the surrounding text carefully to see if it is relevant. 4, Reread the question to determine if the answer you found answers this question. Scanning is a technique that requires concentration and can be surprisingly tiring. You may have to practice at not allowing your attention to wander. Choose a time and place that you know works for you and dive in. tere) Directory! Apply Now) Search for Classes) Register| Online Classes| MyBC Portal 16 Bute Carpus Drv, Orole CA 95965 | ener! nerraton (90) 8952501, wenana Ml oO <10:03 @@ 0 BO LAE al ll 439% H Decode Positive vs Negative Cues Socially perceptive people are adept at spotting cues and sorting them into categories. The easiest way to do this is to always look for positive and negative cues. Negative Cues show disengagement, disagreement, hesitation, nervousness, or deception. They are cues you where you should take mental notes and research further. Here are the top 5 negative cues to watch out for: © Lip Purse: When someone presses their lips into a hardline or presses their lips together, it usually means they are withholding something or suppressing an emotion.12:26 O BLAS al ll BIBS Method Description Example Continue Restarting phone, trying turning off WiFi, 7 different turning off Trial and solutions bluetooth in order until to determine why problemis your phone is solved malfunctioning Step-by-step Instruction bookle Algorithm problem- for assembling solving your new desk formula from Ikea General Working serie problem- backwards; Heurlstte solving breaking a task framework into steps Another type of strategy is an al- gorithm. An algorithm is a problem- solving formula that provides you with step-by-step instructions used to achieve a desired outcome (Kahneman, 2011). You can think of an algorithm as a recipe with highly de- tailed instructions that produce the same result every gB¥ they are per- Net die Mal cl aoe Taek ids aes Ml oO <12:27 8 888 al all 31% B « Means-ends analysis: choosing an action at each step to move closer to the goal. Proof: try to prove that the problem cannot be solved. The point where the proof fails will be the starting point for solving it. « Reduction: transforming the problem into another problem for which solutions exist. * Root-cause analysis: identify- ing the cause of a problem. Pitfalls to Problem Solving Not all problems are successfully solved, however, What challenges stop us from successfully solving a problem? Albert Einstein once said, “Insanity is doing the same thing over and over again and ex- pecting a different result.” Imagine a person in aroom as four door- ways. One doorwa has always ce east oc Next: What are Intelligence and Creativity? —} Ml oO <10:04 @@6 0 BOLE il ll 49%8 a Employ a Tone Radar According to Harvard Business Review!, our voices significantly impact our impressions and can awaken the senses and lead others to act, close deals, or land us successful job interviews. Listening intently to voice changes can reveal what words might not. What it sounds like: © Increased volume usually indicates increased emotions. These can be positive or negative. When people are excited or passionate, they increase their volume. When someone is angry, they yell. Pay attention to sudden volume changes to clue you into an intense emotion. @ Wobbly voices typically indicate nervousness or anxiety. If you hear someone use it, try to put them at ease10:05 @@ 0 BOLE il ll 49%8 x What is Social Perce... < a : scienceofpeople. com What it sounds like: © Increased volume usually indicates increased emotions. These can be positive or negative. When people are excited or passionate, they increase their volume. When someone is angry, they yell. Pay attention to sudden volume changes to clue you into an intense emotion. ® Wobbly voices typically indicate nervousness or anxiety. If you hear someone use it, try to put them at ease or note what makes them uncomfortable. @ When someone's tone rises at the end of a statement, causing the statement to sound like a question, it could indicate uncertainty or even dishonesty. This is called the inflection question, and socially perceptive people are excellent at answering it. Watch our video below to get more insights: Can You Make Your Voice Sound...1:58 8 BLAS lull 72% READING HELPS COMBAT ALZHEIMER'S AND DEMENTIA Reading is a workout for the brain, and keeping your mind active can help preserve brain health later in life. Research shows that elderly patients who read books or play mentally challenging games are two and a half times less likely to develop Alzheimer's. Reading is also associated with lower risk of developing dementia. The study found that it didn’t matter if people began reading or other mentally engaging activities early or late in life, there was a slower rate of decline either way, so it's never too late to pick up a book. READING HELPS WITH SLEEP iT} O <12:15 @ EBS all ll 33%H To skim, prepare yourself to move rapidly through the pages. You will not read every word; you will pay special attention to typographical cues-headings, boldface and italic type, indenting, bulleted and numbered lists. You will be alert for key words and phrases, the names of people and places, dates, nouns, and unfamiliar words. In general follow these steps: 1. Read the table of contents or chapter overview to learn the main divisions of ideas Glance through the main headings in each chapter just to see a word or two. Read the headings of charts and tables. Read the entire introductory paragraph and then the first and last sentence only of each following paragraph. For each paragraph, read only the first few words of each sentence or to locate the main idea. Stop and quickly read the sentences containing keywords indicated in boldface or italics. . When you think you have found something significant, stop to read the entire sentence to make sure. Then go on the same way. Resist the temptation to stop to read details you don't need. Read chapter summaries when provided. wo cS a a If you cannot complete all the steps above, compromise: read only the chapter overviews and summaries, for example, or the summaries and all the boldfaced keywords. When you skim, you take @ calculated risk that you may miss something. For instance, the main ideas of paragraphs are not always found in the first or last sentences (although in many textbooks they are). Ideas you miss you may pick up in a chapter overview or summary. Good skimmers do not skim everything at the same rate or give equal attention to everything. While skimming is always faster than your normal reading speed, you should slow down in the following situations: * When you skim introductory and concluding paragraphs « When vit ekim tani centanras Ml oO <12:25 O BBS al ll SIGH Other types of well-defined problems in- clude problems of inducing structure, problems of arrangement, and problems of transformation, With a problem of inducing structure the solution lies with recognizing the relationship between the parts of the problem: E. Begin is to End as Born is to:... birth ...die...enough ...complete F. In the following sequence, what is X? 9, 12, 18, X, 43 With a problem of arrangement the task is to rearrange the components of the problem: G. Which one of the five choices makes the best comparison? ANIMAL is to LAMINA as 46251 is to: 25641 - 26451 - 12654 - 51462 - Pre eat ot Next: What are Intelligence and Creativity? Ml oO < =1:59 8 BIAS lull 72% m 2 This was echoed in a study in the UK, which uncovered that on average, the higher the socio-economic group an individual belongs in, the more often they read. The link between reading and success is thought to be driven by the desire for knowledge. Reading makes us better thinkers by improving our critical thinking and problem-solving skills, boosting our general and specific knowledge and developing our social and communication skills. Tech billionaire Elon Musk learned how to build rockets by reading books and would spend more than 10 hours a day reading science fiction novels. READING DECREASES LONELINESS AND SOCIAL ISOLATION For most, the act of reading is a solitary act but this doesn't have to be the case. Reading can be turned into a social event Ul O <1011660 BOWS lll 418 Persuasion Examples in Business There are some situations in the workplace in which persuasion is a likely component. The following are common occurrences where persuaders play a key role. Sales Calls Perhaps the most obvious example is sales calls. Salespeople use their talents in persuasion to tout the features of their product lines or the benefits of their services to their prospects. It is through persuasion that they win loyal customers and the profits that come with them To unlock this lesson you must be a Study.com Member. Create your account Lesson Summary The process of persuasion involves convincing other people to change their minds or behaviors in order to adopt another specific mindset or behavior. Persuasion provides the motivation or the reason why they should change. In business, leaders persuade employees to accomplish company goals, work on specific tasks, and buy into other directives. Persuasion in business is important in increasing employee productivity, getting customers and investors, and negotiating contracts. Successful persuaders are: To unlock this lesson you must be a Study.com Member. Create your account Frequently Asked Questions How is persuasion used in business? Il O <