Gas Flow and Control using Mobile Telemetry System

(Session 2019-2021)

Supervised By

Dr. MUHAMMAD NASIR

Submitted By

WAQAS AHMAD (2019-MSEE-203)

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

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UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY LAHORE
(FAISALABAD CAMPUS)

DEDICATED TO OUR PARENTS WHO ARE

NOT ONLY THE REASON FOR ARE
EXISTENCE BUT ALSO THE REASON FOR
OUR SUCCESS

AND A LIFE WE LIVE...

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS
Abstract 5

Acknowledgement 6

Chapter # 01

BACKGROUND 7

1.1 Flow meter 7

1.2 Flow meter choices 7

1.3 Endress Hauser Promass 60F 9

1.4 GSM Modem 12

1.5 List of AT Commands 13

1.6 PIC 18F452 13

1.7 Soft ware’s used in project 14

1.8 Microcontroller Compilers 14

1.9 Why PIC 15

CHAPTER # 2

PROPOSED ARCHITECTURE 16
2.1 Flow Diagram 16

2.2 OBJECTIVES OF PROJECT 16

2.3 Scope of project 16

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 Chapter # 03

Experimental Results and Future consideration 17

3.1 Experimental Results: 17

3.2 Flow Start 18

3.3 Flow Stop 19

3.4 Program Flow Diagram 20

3.5 Program Flow for SMS 21

APPENDIX 22

REFERENCES 25

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Abstract

In Pakistan, this is the Common problem that either the Natural Gas is being stolen
by some CNG stations owner or also it’s very difficult to detect the gas leakage in
the field area.

I design a mobile telemetry device for SNGPL that is helpful to stop the Gas
larceny, abnormality in gas flow and outpouring detection. In this project
flowmeter will be measuring flow of the gas and in case of critical situation the
control valve will close the line. I use Microcontroller, Flow meter (In this for
flow meter values I use variable resistor to get different voltage values) so we can
use this simulation as an understanding and can implement this project on control
of any other quantity too like water or any chemical etc.

Microcontroller gets the inputs from the flow sensor and then interface between
microcontroller and GSM modem. Then GSM modem will send the SMS to server.

This will surely improve the measurement of gas in the main pipeline, in fact this
is all for the convenience of SNGPL to prevent theft of Gas and detect the leakage
detection.

In this project I worked on simulations results and coding of microcontroller and

its interface with LCD, KEYPAD and GSM modem. But I put all data in report
that how we can make hardware for this project and we can implement it on any
sensor to measure the value of flow of any fluid, gas or any Chemical.

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 Acknowledgement
I, the partner laborer of the venture report under examination take a
commencement with the lofty name of Almighty ALLAH, who gave us type,
impetus and solidarity to finish it with most dimensioning route inside the
endorsed time limit.

And the deepest appreciation undoubtedly goes to our most honorable and
respected Project Advisor Dr. Muhammad Nasir, who was never insolent to me,
instead, he remained magnanimous throughout the initial and final stages of my
project. His helping hand and guidance led this project in finding the real goal.

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 Chapter#1
Background:
1.1 Flow meter:
A flow meter may be a device for measuring the speed of fluid flow or gas. The factors on which
flow meter is chosen relies on the medium of measurement and accuracy required.

All Mass Flow meters care for heat transfer, rotation caused by the turbine movement or
differential pressure. But Coriolis Mass Flow transmitters directly measures the mass and it is the
only flow transmitter which does so. Coriolis flow meters measures the quantity of flow by
directly converting the acceleration caused by the mass into amount of flow. Thanks to direct
measurement of mass the measurement isn't full of the fluid pressure, density or the other
parameter changes. Which is that the one in all the best advantage of this mass flow meter.

Coriolis mass flow meters include vibrating tubes inside it. When fluid flow through these tubes
swing is generated. Mass flow is proportional to the number of twist created by the fluid flow
through tubes. Coriolis mass flow transmitters are accustomed measure the twist generated and
make a linear electrical flow signal.

1.2 Flow Meter choices:

E+ H DELTA BAR PMD 235

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 FCI ST 75

E+ H PROMAG W 400

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 Endress Hauser Promass 60 F

1.3 Endress Hauser Promass 60 F:

Benefits:
The Promass 60 F is barely used to measure the mass flow of any liquid or Gas. At the identical
time, it will also measure fluid density and therefore allow us to calculate the volume flow.
The benefits of Coriolis mass-flow estimation are undeniable. It does not shock anyone, hence,
to search out that this standard is utilized in an extremely gigantic scope of industry areas,
including drugs, synthetic substances and petrochemicals, oil and gas, food, and furthermore in
guardianship move applications for the most part.
Essentially all liquids will be estimated: cleaning specialists and solvents, energizes, vegetable
oils, creature fats, latex, silicon oils, liquor, natural product arrangements, toothpaste, vinegar,
ketchup, mayonnaise, gases, condensed gases, and so on
One for all - multivariable metering. The adaptability to live a few cycle factors all at the
indistinguishable time marches totally new application fields. Mass flow, thickness and
temperature (the essential estimated factors) might be wont to infer different factors like volume
flow, strong substance, focuses, and modern thickness capacities.

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 Endress Hauser Promass 60 F

Specifications:

Device Type MASS Flow Meter

Supply Voltage 220 V AC

Minimum Flow Rate 0.00 kg/h

Maximum Flow Rate 2’200’000 kg/h

Pipe Diameter Range 2 inch

Maximum Pressure 40 bar ()

Min Operate Temp -50° Celsius

Max Operate Temp +350° Celsius

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Application of Endress Hauser Promass 60 F:
Endress Hauser Promass 60 F used to measure volume flow of Chocolates, Milk, syrups, Oils,
fats, Acids, alkalis, Varnishes, paints, Suspensions, Pharmaceuticals, catalytic converters,
inhibitors, Gases, and many more.
The flow transmitter use to measure the flows having critical importance like, Mixing and
matching of assorted raw materials, Controlling of processes, Measurement of fluids with
quickly changing densities and Control and monitoring of product quality
The benefits of this measuring process are shown by its effective use in food preparing, the drug
business, the substance and petrochemical ventures, garbage removal, energy creation, and so on

Input Data for Flow Sensor:

The dry gas is as an input for the flow sensor, which is represented within the style of analog
signal. The magnitude of analog signal depends upon the flow of gas. If flow of gas is over the
magnitude are going to be high and contrariwise. The range of gas flow for our project is
0...2'200'000 kg/h. Flow sensor produced the same analog voltage across the given gas flow. The
range of voltages is form 1V to 5V.

How Gas is converted into the Equivalent Voltages:

To measure the Coriolis force the equation we use is:

CF = 2. (△m). (ω.ν)

Where:

CF is Coriolis Force.

△m is Moving Body Mass.

ω is Angular Velocity.

ν is Radial Velocity in rotating system.

So Amplitude of this force depends upon Moving Mass, Velocity so we can say it depends upon
Mass flow.

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The Sensor utilize a wavering as opposed to a determined precise speed ω and two equal
estimating tubes (Promass M and F), with liquid flowing through them, are made to oscillate in
antiphase so they act kind of a carry out. The Coriolis Forces created at the estimating tubes
cause a stage move inside the tube oscillation (see Fig):

When there's zero flow, for example with the liquid stopping, the two tubes oscillate in stage (1).
When there's mass flow, the tube oscillation is decelerated at the bay (2) and sped up at the
power source (3).

As the mass flow expands, the Phase difference (A-B) will increase. The motions of the
estimating tubes are resolved utilizing electrodynamic sensors at the inlet and outlet. The
working standard is autonomous of temperature, pressure, thickness, conductivity or flow
profile.

1.4 G.S.M Modem:

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GSM Modem is a modem in which we use SIM card and it will work same as Sim works in
mobile phones, In my project I use GSM Modem to send the SMS to user when flow value
increase from a given limit.
We have SIM Com Wireless Solution that is a quick growing M2M company which supports
GSM/EDGE/GPRS and WCDMA.
Applications of GSM Modem:
The Services we get from GSM Modem are Automotive, Telemeters, Security, Tracking &
Tracing, Auto Meter Reading, Industrial Automation, Payment, and Healthcare.

1.5 List of AT commands:

The list of AT commands I used for sending SMS to the user are given in Table (1) of Appendix.

1.6 PIC 18F452:

I use PIC- MICROCONTROLLER (PIC-18F452) in my project it offers many features like
extended instruction set, power management modes, USART, ADC, and CCP.

PIN Configurations:

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1.7 Soft ware’s used in project:
 MICRO C

 PROTEUS

1.8 Micro-controller Compilers:

Following Compilers are used in Micro-controller Programming

1. MPLAB

2. PIC C COMPILER

3. MICRO-C

4. WIN AVR STUDIO

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1.9 Why We Use PIC Micro Controllers:
Following are the reasons of using PIC-MICROCONTROLLER in projects.
1. Code Efficiency:
The Pic Microcontroller provide us the Code Efficiency like we have here programmable
and data memory. Also in this we have separate internal buses for both Data and
Memory.
2. Safety:
The instruction well fit in 12 or 14 bit programming memory. So there is no chance for
software jumping and trying to execute DATA as instruction.
3. Instruction Set:
We have 33 instructions for PIC Microcontroller so as we have lesser number of
instructions so it is easy to write program in programming language.
4. Speed:
PIC MICROCONTROLLER is extremely fast, the speed of PIC-18F452 which I use in
my project have speed of 40 MHz which provide a fast way of program execution.
5. Static Operation:
The PIC MICROCONTROLLER is a static Microcontroller which means that if we stop
the clock of microcontroller the data we have in registers will be saved. But usually we
did not stop the clock but we make the microcontroller in sleep mode in which it only use
1 micro amperes of current. So data will remain intact while controller in sleep mode, it
shows the static operation of microcontroller.
6. Drive Capabilities:
The PIC-18F452 which I use have high output driving capability and can directly drive
BJT’s, FET’s, LED’s and many more. The pins can draw 25mA to 100mA for device.
7. Options:
In PIC microcontrollers we have many options of Input/output Pins, Timers, and Analog
to Digital Convertors and memory for data storage and for programming. So PIC
microcontroller fulfil the requirements of users doing projects on it.

PIC MICROCONTROLLER is programmed using c language. One can use any compiler
available in market or online to programme and compile the code. It is easier to program in
embedded C instead to program in other programming languages. To write program one can use
DEMO version too but in this we can only code up to 2KB of programming memory.

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 CHAPTER # 2
Proposed architecture
2.1 Flow Diagram:

2.2 OBJECTIVES OF PROJECT:

 Interface of Flow Sensor and the Microcontroller

 Interface between the Microcontroller and the GSM Modem

 Mobile Telemetry of gas flow using SMS

2.3 Scope of project:

 Abnormality in Gas Flow

 Leakage Detection of Gas

 To prevent Gas Theft

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 Chapter # 3
Experimental Results & Future Consideration
3.1 Experimental Results:
Experimental results are drawn by simulation. We use

proteus for simulation.

When we simulate the program in proteus the LCD shows MENU.

Crystal Oscillator is made up of a natural material called quad. When we give voltages to the
crystal oscillator, quad particles of crystal oscillator will vibrate and will generate a specific
frequency which will depend on the size of the crystal. Capacitors are normally used for filtering
and decoupling purposes. Frequency is the basic component upon which our microcontroller
works. We may say that frequency is the heart beat of the microcontroller.

In the microcontroller the transistors works at the rising edge or falling edge of the clock cycle.
We may change this by our requirement. Our microcontroller is working at the falling edge.

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3.2 Flow Start:

We measure the gas flow at starts if flow is normal then we have the menu like shown above.
Now we can change or show the data as shown in the menu.

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3.3 Flow Stop:

In this case we can see from the simulations that valve will be closed because we have an over
flow. After closing the valve we will Send SMS.

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3.4 Program Flow Diagram

Steps:

1) First the program check the flow from ADC. If flow is normal we have the menu like
given above.

 Now we can enter the Data like change the flow limit or change the cell phone
number.

 Or we can read the DATA like flow value or flow limit (maximum flow value) and
cell number of user.

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 2) Now if the value of flow of GAS is greater than the entered limit of flow, the MICRO
CONTROLLER will send a signal to close the valve and will also send SMS.

3.5 Program Flow for SMS

SMS SENDING:

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Appendix:
Table (1) AT Commands List
Testing:

Command Description

AT Checking communication between the module

and computer.
A/ Repeats the previous command.

Call control:

Command Description

ATA Answer command

ATD Dial command

ATH Hang up call

ATM Monitor speaker mode

ATO Go on-line

ATP Set pulse dial as default

ATT Set tone dial as default

Computer data interface:

Command Description

ATE Command Echo

ATQ Result code suppression

ATV Define response format

ATX Response range selection

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AT&C Define DCD usage

AT&D Define DTR usage

AT&K Select flow control

AT&Q Define communications mode option

AT&S Define DSR option

AT+ICF DTE-DCE character framing

AT+IFC DTE-DCE Local flow control

AT+IPR Fixed DTE rate

SMS Text mode:

Command Description

AT+CSMS Select message service

AT+CPMS Preferred message storage

AT+CMGF Message format

AT+CSCA Service centre address

AT+CSMP Set text mode parameters

AT+CSDH Show text mode parameters

AT+CSCB Select cell broadcast message types

AT+CSAS Save settings

AT+CRES Restore settings

AT+CNMI New message indications to TE

AT+CMGL List messages

AT+CMGR Read message

AT+CMGS Send message

AT+CMSS Send message from storage

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AT+CMGW Write message to memory

AT+CMGD Delete message

SMS PDU mode:

Command Description

AT+CMGL List Messages

AT+CMGR Read message

AT+CMGS Send message

AT+CMGW Write message to memory

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 References
 Engr. M. Amir

SNGPL 09929310079

 Dr. Muhammad Nasir

UET Faisalabad Campus

1. http://int.rsdelivers.com/product/honeywell/awm3300v/3300v-airgas-mass-flow-sensor-1slm/
0407596.aspx#

2. http://www.poputek.com/GSM-GPRS-Module-35.html

3. http://www.simcom.us/product_detail.php?cid=1&pid=37

4. http://www.poputek.com/ks-gsm-module-SIM900-DATASHEET/

5. http://www.tutorialspoint.com/php/php_get_post.htm

6. http://www.flowmeters.com

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