WWW.MIETI /\ TOAN HOC rs) Morrone NHA XUAT BAN GIAO DUC VIET NAM - BO GIAO DUC VA DAO TAO XUAT BAN TU 1964 TAP CHi RA HANG THANG - NAM THU 49, 2012 DANH CHO TRUNG HOC PHO THONG VA TRUNG HOC CO sd Tru sé: 11 Noi x BT Bien BT - Fax Phat hanhy Ti sie (04 06 S6 425 Bimal Nato er aes haa a eater eT myhtips:/Avww.facebook.comletrungkienmath hitps.//sites.google.com/site/letrungkienmath WWW.VIETMATHS.COM NHA XUAT BAN GIAO DUC VI ET NAM CONG TY CO PHAN DICH VU XUAT BAN GIAO pyc HANOI Dia chi: 187B Giang V6, Q. Dong Da, Ha Noi HEPS Tel: (04) 39947746; 0903683487 - Fax: (04) 35123278 ; Gidi thiéu b6é scch ; TAI LIEU CHUYEN TOAN THCS Bo séch “Tai ligu chuyén Toan Trung hoc ed sd” g6m 8 cudn, cho cac ldp 6, 7, 8, 9, mdi ldp gém 2 tap: tap mot la Dai sé (4 dp 6, tap mét la S6 hoc), tap hai la Hinh hoc. Ndi dung trong mi cudn déu bam sat chung trinh Toan & céc lép THCS. MOI cu6n déu cé hai phdn: phin Céc chuyén dé co lxin (viét theo tig chung ctia SGK) va phan Mot s6 chuyén dé nang cao. Phan dau ctia méi chuyén dé la tom tat cdc kin thie Ii thuyét cla chuyén dé ma HS can nam vitng, tigp theo gidi thigu mét sé vi dy minh hoa va sau dé la cdc bai tap dé nghi dé HS luyén tap. ‘Nhiing chuyén dé nang cao nham gitip HS hiéu sau va réng hon nhiing ndi dung cé lién quan dén chuiong trinh. Nhitng vi dy va cdc bai tap trinh bay trong sich dutte céc téc aid chon loc kha Ki luting, trong d6 6 nhiéu vi dy, bai tap la nhttng bai thi hoc sinh gidi Ton Quééc gia, thi Olympic Toan, ... Bing vige doc, gidi nhig vi dy va bai tap nay, HS sé due mé rong, dai nhting kién thtte da hoc, qua 46 duce ren uy kha nding turduy toan hoc. Cudi sach s@ la phan Huéng dan gidi cho cdc bai tap duoc dua ra 6 cu6i moi chuyén dé. Nhém tac gid cia b6 sach la nhiing thay c6 giao. da hogc dang gidng day 6 cdc Iép chuyén Toan cia céc truting Dai hoc va cdc truéng Trung hoc phé thong 6 uy tin, la nhimg chuyén gia Toan 6 Tap chi Toan hoc & Tuéi tré va Nha xuat ban Giéo duc Viet Nam, ching han nhu: NGND. Vii Hiatu Binh (chi bien), NGUT Nguyén Tam Son, nha giéo Dam Hiéu Chién, PGS.TS. Van Nhu Cuong, PGS.TS Dam Van Nhi, TS. Pham Thi Bach Ngoc, PGS.TS. Lé Quée Hén, Hi vong rang b@ sach sé la mét tai li¢u thiét thue va bé ich gitip cdc em hoc sinh hiéu sau sac nhiing kién thite Toan da hoc, va gop phan vio vigc nang cao chat Iutg dao tao va bai dutng hoe sinh gidi Ton & ep Trung hoc co sé.htt WWW.VIETMATHS.COM ogle.com/site/letrungkienmath os.// sites. ‘6 nhiéu cach dé tinh tong mét day sé tw nhién, tiry theo dic diém xac dinh day sé dé. Bai viét nay gidi thigu phuong php di tim mé6t da thire thich hop dé tir do tinh téng cia mét sé day sé ty nhién. I. PHUONG PHAP Dé tinh ting S=g(1) + g(2)+... +2), KEN’, g(x) La mOt da thife, ta kim aber sauz # Tim da thite f(x) c6 bac lén hon bac ciia da thite g(x) la 1 don vi, sao cho 8@) = fx) — fr -1). ¢ Thay « lan hrgt cde gid trj tir | dén 4, taco, S= fC) ~A0) +2) — 1) +. tAA) —fV) = fk) — N00). Viée xdc dinh cdc hé s6 cua da thie Ax) dua vao dinh nghia hai da thire mot bién bang nhau, Tl. MOT SO THi DU MINH HOA Thi dy 1. Tinh tong +2 +...+ (ke N’). Loi gidi, Ta can tim da thite bac ba flx) sao cho fix)—fix-1)=3? a) Gia sit fx) = ax’ + bx? + ex +d (a 0). Thay vao (1) ta cd ax? + bx? + ex + d= (ae— 1) + bee - 1 +e@—It+a=xr & ax? + bx + ex + d- (ae —3ax’ + 3ax—a) (bx? — 2bx + b) — (exe) -d=x° © 3a +(-3a+2b)e+a—b+c=x, Hai da thie bang nhau néu cic hé s6 cua cic ly thira cing bic cua.x phai bling nhau, tir d6 3a=1 —3a+2b=0 a= a-b+e=0 Axy= ie peeled eR) Q) Cho x= 1; 2; ...5 & lin lugt thay vao (1), ri cOng vé theo vé va ap dung (2) ta duge P+2+... +P =f) —f0) = Spgs, 72° 6 _ A(2K+3k+1) s 6 A(k-+1)(2k +1) — Vay 1? +2? +...4+8= ANE Ges) Thi dy 2. Tinh tong P+24..+h ke Léi gidi. Ta can tim da thite bac bén f(z) sao cho fix)—flx-1)=x? GB) Gia sir lx) = ax + bx + cx? + de + e (a +0). Thay vio (3) ta due at + bt + ox? + det e= (a(x -1)' +b -1)° +(x 1P + dlx— N+ e=x° @ act + bo + ot + dv +e ~ (at — 4a? + 6ax? — dax + a + bx’ — 3bx? + 3bx — b tox? —2ex+e+dr—dte) 4 ax + (— 6a + 34)? + (da — 3b + Dede -atb-c+d=x TOAN HOC Sé 425 (11-2012) Tusitre 1https:/svww facebook.com/letrungkienmath hetps://sites. jogle. com/site/letrungkienmath WWW.VIETMATHS.COM. 4a=l _ KCK +3k+2) _ k(R+I)(E+2) ~6a+3b=0 3 a ‘ 4a-3b+2c=0 Vay 1.24+2.3+ wot A(k+1) -atb-c+d=0 +I (k+2 + HEED gery Bg ar Do dé fix) = a= a-b+ce=-1 Do dé Ax) = Seva teed (deR) (8) Cho x= 1; 2; ...5 # Kin lugt thay vao (7), roi cong vé theo vé va ap dung (8) ta duge 13435 +... + (2k—1)Qk+1)= A) AO) _ k (4k? +6k-1) ee Nek+1) (keN‘).0 Sies2e—te 3 Vay 134+3.5+. _ k(4K? +6k-1) 3 Thi dy 5. Tinh tong 1.274237 4... +h(k+ 1? (k EN’). Loi gigi. Ta cin tim da thire bac bon f(x) théa digu kign fix) — flx— 1) =x + 1 (9) Gia sir fx) = art + bx tex? + de +e (a = 0). +Gk= (Xem tiép trang 11)-/Avww facebook. com/letrungkienmath Atips://sites. google. com/site/letruns lenmath WWW.VIETMIATHS.COM Hicing MON dén gidé DE THI CHON HOC SINH GIO! TOAN Lop 9 Wine Mune Wen NAM HOC 2011 - 2012 (Dé thi da dang trén TH&TT s6 424, thang 10 nam 2012) Cau I. 1) Tacé a=(3-\>(a-V54—V15) a5 P45) = )204—Vi5 4 +15) = V2. Khi ds /(a)=((03)'+V2V2-7)"" = 2) Tacd A, E(P) nén 4,(Xo3 Xo") => Bi(%30) (a) #0). PT cdc duong thing OA, : y = xox; on, Vay OB,.OB, =|x,|, | =. CAu HL. 1) DK dé PT cé hai nghigm phan bigt la A= 9m 44> 0.69 m-<—S tobe m>0 Ta 06 3) +x) =3m, xf =3imay +m, x = 3, +m nén x3? +3mx +3m =9m? +4m>0. ‘Turong ty x2 +32 +3m =9m? +4m > 0. Ap dung bat ding thre Cauchy cho hai sé dong m>_, 9m?+4m A= z 9m? + 4m me Vay gid tri nhé nhSt cia A 1a2 tai m= + 2) Bién doi PT thanh (P—2y-NP +P +) =0 ep x? =2y? +5 (*) Gia sit PT c6 nghigm nguyén, tir (*) suy ra x Ie, nénx=2k+1, (ke Z). Dan dén 2242k=y? +2 suy ray chin, nén y= 2m, me Z. Do dé 2k? +2k=4m2 +2. <> k(k-+1) =2me +1 (diéu nay v6 Ii vi vé trai chin, vé phai le). Vay PT khéng cé nghiém nguyén. Cau ML. 1) Dieu kign x +y> 0. Bién ddi PT thir nhat thanh: (xty-D@tty?+xty)=0 exty-1=0. pt Say aa(tt a (4. % XB % Tir dé ta co hé PT x+y-1=0 Bay pe Slee 0 fees oft on {5 2: (x-I(x+2)=0 7 ly =0 y=3. DDK xs hove x2 Dat ¢=J2x?-1 (¢2 0), PT tre thanh 4 -23x+1t+2x? +3x-2=0, coi la PT bac hai voi an & Giai tim duge 2 hoac 2x. = = . Dap sd. Tap nghiém ciia PT la +v6.2+V60 2 7 a) Tit gidc CEMF néi tiép 6 ECF =90° nén EMF =90° . Do dé F 1a trytc tim cia tam gide BEK, suy ra EP 1 BK. Vay tit gidc BMFP noi tiép, hay cdc diém B, M, F, P cing nim trén m6t dudéng tron. b) Ta cé CEB=CEM=CDM ma CEB+CBE CDM +MDB=90 nén suy ra CBE = MDB (1) Tit gidc BMFP ndi tiép nén S6 425 (11-2012) Teen HOC 3hittps:/Avww facebook. com/etrungkienmath hutps://sites. le.com/site/letrungkienmath WWW.VIETMIATHS.COM Dé thi tuyén sinh vao lép 10 TRUONG THPT CHUYEN LAM SON, THANH HOA NAM HOC 2012 - 2013 (Thoi gian lam bai: 150 phiit) CAu 1. (2 diém) Chin eee bey = | vai cde x , 36 thyc x,y théa man ay #0. Chimg minh ring A=a?+6?+c?—abe khng phy thuge vao x,y. CAu 2. (2 diém) Cho phuong trinh (x=1)(x=2)(x—3)(r-6) = me? (tham sé m). Gia sit m nhan cde gid tri sao cho phuong trinh ¢6 4 nghiém x, x2, 2%, x deu khic 0. Chimg minh ring biéu thite 111 hong phy thuge m. nh CAu 3. (2 diém) n(Qi 26 Tim sé nguyén duong 7 sao cho 14 sé chinh phyong. Cau 4. (3 diém) 1) Cho tam giée ABC vudng tai 4, dung cao AH, Goi (J, (K) lin huot la cae duing tron ndi tiép cdc tam gidée ABH, ACH. Duong thing K/ cit canh AB tai M va canh AC tai N, Chimg minh ring TH _ BH, KH b) AM = 2) Cho tam canh AB (D# A, D+ B), tung tuyén AM cit néu DBM + DEM = 180° thi BC < ACV2. Cau 5. (1 diém) Cho x,y 1a cée sé the thay déi lon hon 1 théa man digu kign x+y<4, Tim gid tri nhé nat ctia biéu thite A 4 y 42 G-D) @-)t PHAM NGQC QUANG (Ha Noi) Suu tam va gidi thigu P= FPM = FBM = CBE @ Tir (1) va @) suy ra FPM = MDB ) Néu D, M, P thang hang két hgp vai (3) ta co EFHAB , suy ra CD 1 EF tai O, nén CD la phan gide cila gée ACB, tam gide ABC vudng cfin suy ra BAC= ABC=45>. 2) Dat AB - =x(e>0) hiae=3S, Trong tam gide vudng BCD 06 wevormo 2 5)-(8) 2» z 98 erst, 13 . CABC _ x23 _9a2V3 Vay. Sadie = 2 = vat). ay Suse a 8 104 (dvat), TOAN HOC 4 * Chuditre _Sé 426 (11-2012) Cau V. Cho 6 dutmg je tron 06 tim 1 0,00, —o, 0,,0s,0, nhw hinh Ss | M vé 06 cing ban kinh R va cé chung diém cK Néi MvGi 6 diém O1, O2, O4,04,0s,0¢, S@ ta0 thanh 6 géc chung dinh Mf Khong c6 mién trong chung va 6 tong bing 360°, Khi d6 gée nho nhat c6 46 én khong vugt qua 60°, Gia sir d6 ki géc O, MO, Xét tam gic O:MO) céin tai M va O.MD, <6 nén MOO, 2 60°. Suy ra OOS MO\=R. Vay tam OQ; nam trong (O}) (dpem). PHAM TRUNG KIEN (GV THCS Hé Ting Mau, An Thi, Hung Yén) Suu tam va gidi thiguhut facebook. com/letruns denmath hittps://sites. google. com/site/letrungkienmath WWW.VIETMIATHS.COM t6t nghiép THPT va thi vao SU TUGNG GIAO Gta &6 TY cya SS WGILTRUCIHOANH) NGUYEN TRUONG SON (GV THPT Yén M6 A, Ninh Binh) ai todn vé sw tong giao cha dé thi ham 86 véi truc hoanh la mét bai toan co ban. thuéng hay xudt hién trong céc ki thi Dai hoe, Cao ding. Chinh vi vay, bai viet nay hi vong sé 1a mét tai liéu gitip ich mét phan cho cdc ban khi én luyén chun bj cho ki thi Dai hoc, Cao dang sap toi 1. Sy tong giao cia dé thj ham sé phan thire voi trye hoanh Vige tim giao diém cita dé thi ham phan thire, cu thé trong chuong trinh la ham hiru ti bac nhét trén bac hat, véi truc hoanh I tong ddi don gidn. Chinh vi thé, bai todn vé su tong giao cita dé thi ham sé nay voi trye hoanh thudng két hop véi mét sé cau héi phy Khéc. Sau diy li mt s6 thi dy. QGm+lx—m +m x+m ¥.. (m#0). Vai gid tri ndo eta m thi tiép tuyén tai giao diém ctia dé thi ham sé voi ruc hoinh song song voi ding thang A:y=x+12. Viét phocong trinh cde tiép tuyén dy *& Thi dy 1. Cho ham sé Léi gidi. Tip xée dinh cia him 6 1& D=R\{-m} Tacd y >0,¥x4-m. Hoanh 46 giao diém cia dé thi ham sé véi truc hoanh la nghigm cia phuong trinh (m+Dx—m2 +m xtm ia +m=0 = atm : i. Dé ding suy ra m4 —1va x= : ae ee al He sé géc cua tiép tuyén tai diém 6 hoanh _ Gm+1? 4m? Do tiép tuyén song song véi duéng thiing A nén ‘ m=-1 ot =155m? +6m41=0 (thoa min. me0,men). Vay mef théa man yéu cau bai toan. 0 m (m4) co x+1 6 thi (C). Gie sit k lit he s6 gée cua tiép tuyén tai giao diém ctia truc hotnh voi dé thi (C) kyla hé sé hodnh d6x = \. Tim tdt cd céic gid tri ctta tham s6 m sao cho |k +k,| dat gid iri nho nbau * Thi du 2. Cho ham sé y gée cia tiép tuyén tai diém ob Léi gidi. Tap xc dinh D=B\{-1} 1 G+?” Hoanh d6 giao diém ctia dé thi ham sé véi true hoanh li x =—m Hé 86 géc cia tiép tuyén tai diém c6 hoanh 46 x =—mla k= l-m Hé s6 géc ctia btn tuyén tai diém c6 hoanh d6x=1 k= Taco y'= -Tacd S86 425 (11-2012)htips:/vww facebook com/letrungkienmath Ding thite xay ra khi va chi khi I-m 4 Vay |k-+h| dat gia tr) nho aht bang 1 khi me {-1;3}.0 2. Sy twong giao cia 46 thi ham da thire v6i tryc hoanh Thi dy 3. Cho ham so yout — mx? + (m+ 2)x+ 2m =12 6 dé thi (C). Tim tat ca cée gid irj chia m biét dé thi (C) céit ruc hodnh tai ba diém phén bigt: a) cd hodmh 46 x,%2.%5 théa man xptxd +a} =26, b) cé hodinh a cheone. ¢) 6 hoanh do nko hon 3. d) c6 hoanh dé lap thanh mét cap 86 cong. Loi gidi, Ham sé xc dinh trén R. Phuong trinh hoanh d6 giao diém gitta dé thj (C) va truc hoanh 1a (x-2)(? +2—mx—m46)=0 (1) x=2 | 2 4(2-m)x—m+6=0 2) DS thi (C)cét tryc hoanh tai ba diém phan bigt Kkhi va chi khi PT (1) e6 ba nghiém phan bigt<> PT (2) c6 hai nghiém phan biét x,,x2 khac 2 fees bed 442(2—m)—m+6 40 |m#— ° me (25-205) VANS OC 540) (*) Gia sit A(2;0), BO30), C(x30) 1a cdc diém ma dé thj (C) edt truc hoanh. ‘Theo djnh li Viéte ta c6 { aX a) Ta c6 xf +x} +43 =26.<> 6 (ee ie S6 425 (11-2012) wl esefattes google, com/site/lerrungkienmath apap =18 > (4) +P 3 +p) =18 © (m- 2) -3(m=2)(6—m) = 18 <> (m—5)(m? +2m—=2)=0 Két hgp véi diéu kién (*) ta cO m= 5 thoa man yéu cdu dé bai. b) Hoanh 46 cée diém nay duong khi va chi wnt 247270 4, [R220 9 om cb 4 >0 6-m>0 Két hop voi diéu kign (*) suy ra emeesucio, ¢) Hoanh 6 cae diém nay nh hon 3 khi va chi khi m—3+y—3<0 _. [m-2-6<0 (1-3). —3)> 0” |6-m—3(m=2)+9>0 2 am<—. 4 Kér hop véi didu kign (*) suy ra 14 21 eome(5-205)-(n5-4)( 4.21) d) Diéu kién can Gia sit (C) eit trye hoanh tai ba diém phan Digt c6 hodinh d9 lan hot la a,b,c. Khi 46 28 3.0 Céch 2, D6 thi (C,,) cit truc hoanh tai mot diém duy nhat trong mdi trong hop sau day. ¢ Ham sé f(x)=x3+mx?+4 khéng cé cue tri, trong trudng hop nay ham sé déng bién trén R, tire ld Ve RO m=0, S'()=32 + 2x20. ¢ Ham s6 G2) c6 hai eye tri cing dau. htips://sites.google.com/site/letrungkienmath wl SERCO . Ta cé f(x) =0 <> 3x? +2mx=0 x=0 o Dé cho fix) cé hai cye tri cing dau thi 2m 8m? _ amt mee s{28)-f Stat) n0 <> m>-3 vim #0. Ké hop i trudng hgp suy ra a>—3 théa man yéu cau bai toin, O Luu §. Bim sé y= f(x) =ax +x? +ex4d (a4 0) cé dé thi (C). Ding tinh chat cia ham sé lién tye thi (C) luén cat true hodnh. © Dé thi (C) cat true hoanh tai ba diém phin bigt khi va chi khi ham s6 06 hai eye tri trai iu nhau, # Dé thi (©) cat tryc hoanh tai ding hai diém khi va chi khi d6 thj ham s6 6 hai cyte tri va mét trong hai diém eye tri d6 nim trén true hoanh. © Dé thi (C) cat truc hoanh tai ding mét diém khi i khi ham s6 khong 06 eye tr] hoge him sé cé hai eve tri cing dau nhau. Bay gid chung ta xét him sé y= SQ) =axt + bx? +0 (a 40) 6 dé thj (C). S6 giao diém eta dé thi (C) vii true hoanh chinh 14 s6 nghiém cia phurong trinh ax + bx? +0 =0 3) DHt f= 27> 0), phuong trinh (3) c6 dyng af +btt+c=0 a Bang cach xét tinh chat cae nghigm cia PT (4) 1a co thé tim durge cde yéu cau vé tinh chat cde nghiém cia (3). Thi dy 5. Cho ham sé y=xt—2(m+ lx? + 2m41 €6 dO thi (Cy). Tim m dé 46 thi(C,,) eat truc Ox theo thir tr tai bon diém A, B, C, D-sao cho a) AB = BC =CD. b) Tam gide ACK eb dién tich bing 4, biét rang K(3;-2) S6é 426 (11-2012) Be age 7hittps:/Avww. facebook. com/letrungkienmath ii Uisites. zoogle.com/site/letrungkienmath WWW.VIETMIATHS.COM Léi gidi, Phuong trinh hoanh 46 giao diém clia (Cy) va Ox la x4 -2Am+1x? +2m+1=0 Pat f= x2(¢> 0), phuong trinh tre thanh 2-2 m+ I+ 2m+1=0 () Db thi (C,,) theo thir ty eat true Ox tai bin diém phan bigt 4, B, C, D khi va chi khi PT (5) c6 hai nghiém duong phan biét. Khi dé A>0 m>0 me#0 S>0e4Am+h> 0S 1 P>o0 |2m+i>o0 ("7-2 Goi 4, o(4, <4) la hai nghiém cua PT (5). Khi do A(-Je30), BEV530), C450), D(le0). a) Ta c6 AB=BC=CD <> Jn ~ Yu = Wh (oa) =n. Theo din li Viete ta c6 [uth Pe Deere at = 2m+1 942 = 2m-+1. m=4 Suy ra 9(m +1)? = 25(2m +1) ols 9 Két hop voi diéu kign (*) ta cd meg la cae gia tri cin tim. ) Khoang ciich tir K t6i dudng thing AC la d(K;AC) =|px|=2 va AC=Vn +h Do dé Sucx = PACK: AO) 22 4= Vi +h nth +2 hh =16=>V2m+1=7-m <7 =|" eom=4.0 mm? -16m+48=0 Cac ban ahé dat ‘TOAN HOC TOANHOC _. 3 6 Tuditre S6 4265 (11-2012) mua TAP CHi TOAN HOG VA TUOI TRE ; DAC SAN GUA TAP CHI VATUOL TRE nam 2013 va CAC AN PHAM CUA TOA SOAN tai cac Co sé Bum dién trén cd nudc BAL TAP 1. Cho ham sé y =(x-I)(@Q? +mx+m) (1) Tim m dé dd thi him s6 (1) cat trac hoanh tai ba diém phan biét. 2. Cho ham sé y = x3-2x?-+(l-m)x-+m . Tim m dé dé th) ham s6 cit truc hoanh 1 phan biét c6 hoanh dO x... thoa man digu kign x? +x} +39 <4. 3. Cho ham sé y=x—3ya? +4 c6 46 thi (Cy) Tim m dé dé thi (C,,) cit truc hoanh tai ba diém phan biét va céc nghigm déu nhé hon 4. 4. Cho ham = y=x?-2x? +(—m)x+m 86 pax? +3me? —3x—3m+2 06 46 thi (C,). Tim m dé dé thi (C,,) cit tryc hodnh tai ba diém phan bigt cé hoanh dé x,,x2,x3 sao cho $ =x? +13 +23 dat gid tri nhé nhat. 5. Tim m dé dé thi him 6 344m? Am ye c&t truc hoanh theo thir ty tai bén diém phan biét A, B, C, D sao cho AD = 2BC. 6. Tim m 48 dd thj cdc ham 6 sau edt true hoanh tai bon diém phan bigt e6 hodnh do lap thanh cap s6 oOng: a) y =x +3mx? + 2mm —4)x-+ 9m? ~ m5 b)y=x4-2(m-+l)x? +2m+1, 7. Chimg minh rang néu phuong trinh xo-3x7+1=0 c6 ba nghigm phan bigt x1,295 Voi x<¥ 27-https:/Avww.facebook.com/letrungkienmath 5 /isites.google.com/site/letrungkienmath WWW. VIETMATHS.COMT DE 86 2 (That gian lam bai: 180 phiit) PHAN CHUNG Cfiu 1 (2 diém) Cho ham sé (m#-l) “ i trén dé thj ham s6 (*), ca Men cde duémg tigm cén cia dé thj ham sé (*) va 71a giao diém cia hai tiém cin. Tim m dé Syging =1 Cau TI (2 diém) 1) Giai phusong trinh cos 2x- V2 sin I=sinx 2) Giai h¢ phuong trinh tee x\x? + y?) nes (eR). CAéu TIL (1 diém) fan Be i( ve } Tinh tich phan 1 = {| xe" + Jade 5 xt Cfu TV (1 diém) Cho khéi ling ty dimg ABC.A’B'C’ eb diy ABC Ii tam gide vung tai B, AB = 1, BC= 2, AA’=2. Mat phang (P) di qua A va yudng goc voi 4’C. Tinh géc gitta hai mat phing (P) va (ABC). Tinh dign tich thiét dign cua lang try ct bai mat phing (P), Cau V (1 diém) Tim gid tri Jén nhit cia biéu thie 2 2 4z w+] yal Vz (24)V2 41" trong d6 x, y, = 1A ba sé duong thoa man wyetetz=y. PHAN RIENG (Thi sinh chi duge chon mpt trong hai phan A hoje B) A. Theo chuong trinh Chuin Cau Via (2 diém) 1) Cho hai duémg tron (C,):x2 +(y +1) = (G):(x-1) + y? =2. Viét phuong tinh ding thing A, biét A tiép xe voi (C)) va A cat (C2) tai hai diém phan bigt 4, B sao cho 4B = 2. 2) Trong khong gian véi hé toa dé Oxyz x yt2 z+4 A. 2 cho hai duéng thing tan? x—2V3 tan? x+3tanx=0. Dap sb. x= krsx =F rkntk eZ). 2xty>0 2 2DE aa Dat w=x+ytl,va2x+y (w#0,¥>0). Hé PT a cho tré thanh fs 2° (uevetb v vou 1 i teyer |Ley=2 lu tw” (u- woviet =o eo} w s4y=2 uw Dap s6. (xy) =(1:-1). Cau ¥ = ante vee Ca) Meh AB de ae ae pelt 8) Cau IV. Chon géc toa 460 =B, truc Ov chita BC, true Oz chita BS, Khi dé ta c6 7 TOAN HOC _. 10 © STusitye_Sé 425 at-201) C4u V. Trén mit phang toa dd Oxy ta chon odd fed refill faz feeee. Dang thie xy ra khi va Cafu Via. 1) Tim duge A(1; 6); AC: x+2y-13=0; BC: x-2y+3=0. Tit C ké dudng thing vudng ge voi AD cit AD tai 1, AB tai J. Khi dé tam gide ACJ 1a tam gidc cin tgi A Vi CILAD nén phuong trinh Cl cé dang x-3y+7=0. Tirdd 1(2;3), J(-1;2). PY duéng thang 4B: 2x-y+4=0 2) PT mat c (S))ix2 + y? +22 2x4 4y—42=0. Cau Vila 2-4(i-2m) 2 4(n? —2m—Ini) 2+ nPi—2ni =0 (1) © (z+i)(z?-2mz+m? -2m)=0 ze-i Fl an tim 18 =2mz+m? —2m=0 @ PT (1) c6 ding mot nghigm phite khi va chi khi PT (2) c6 nghigm thyc <> A’>0 amo.‘WWW.VIETMATHS.COM Cu Vib. 1) Budng tron (C) c6 tim 1(2:1) va ban kinh R = 3. Do ttt gide MAB ti hinh vudng nén MI =3y2. Goi (C’) 1A dudng tron tam 1231), ban kinh R =3V2.. PT cita (C’) 1a (x-2)' +(y-1f =18 Vi M Ia giao diém cud dudng thing d va duong tron (C") nén toa jiém M la nghiém iia hé phuong trinh a x-y+1=0. Dép sé. Cé hai diém thoa man dé bai la M,(1-2V2;2-2V2); Ma (1+2V2:2+2V2). 2) Mat cdu (S) 06 tam 7(1;2;-4), ban kinh R=N5. Ta c6 tig = (13-152). Gid str fp =(azb;c), vi lig ip =0 => a-b+2c=0. Diém A(0;3,-l) ed nén A €(P). PT ciia (P) c6 dang ax+b(y-3)+e(z+1)=0. Két hop véi d(/;(P)) = V5 suy ra & +P =4e2 Dap sé. PT mat phing (P) can tim li 2y+z—-5=0, hogc (P): 2x-z-1=0. Cau VIIb. DK x2 logs 4. Ta thay x=logs4 khéng 1a nghigm PT. Chia ca hai ciia PT cho 25" 16 ta duge sa [5ea4 34 +4 =23. on ( va Dat r= PT ire think 37-2V3+1=0 4ax’ + (—6at 3b)? + (4a — 3b + 2e)e -atb-ctd=xt+2Wtx da=1 ~6a+3b=2 4a-3b+2e=1 -at+b-e+d=0 Do dé fix) = pte te datetee R)(10) Chox= 152) 0.5% lan luot thay vao (9), rdi cng vé theo vé va ap dung (10) ta durgc 1242.37 +... +k +1)? =k) 0) Katia lege 4 6 4 6 K(3KSH14K2-+21K+10) _k(A+1)(K+2)(3K+5) 12 = 12 . Vay 1.242.374... + k+ 1? K(k+1)(k+2)(3k+5) 12 Dé két thc bai viét, moi cdc ban hay luyén tp théng qua cac bai t§p twong ty sau day. BAL TAP (keN’).0 Tinh cdc ting sau, visi ke N” ho1+2+..4h% 2. 424344 4d 3. 1.2.3423.44...+Mk+DK+ 25 4, 13.54+35.7+... + (2k—I)2k+ I2k+3); 5. 123442345 +... +M E+ IMR + 2(E+3); 6. 7. 8. 1.274237 +...4Mk+1); 7224234 ...4+Rk+ 1; 1.2.37 +2.3.47 +... +R + IK + 2). ; TOAN HOC S6 425 (11-2012) z Tusitre 11WWW.VIETMATHS.COM “ TOI Rp ee Ghee Tae Québe té (IMO) ‘nam 2012 tai Argentina co bai toan sau day. © Bai ton 1. Cho tam gic ABC voi BCA=90° va D la chan ducing cao ha tie C. Cho X la mot diém thugc doan thang CD (X khée C va D). Cho K la diém trén doan thing AX sao cho BK=BC. Tuong tu, L la diém nam trén doan thing BX sao cho AL=AC. Cho M la giao diém ctta AL va BK. Ching minh rang =ML. Day 1a bai toan 5 cita dé thi IMO nim 2012. Loi gidi. D&t AB=c, AC = AL=b,BC= BK =a, DAX = a,DBX = B (h.1). € A B Hinh 1 Tir dinh Ii cOsin cho tam giée ALB ta c6 2 = BE +c? -2c.BLeos => BP -2c.BL.cos B+ a? =0 (vi c2 =a? +b). Dat BL=x(0 cos ABC = 2 => ccos B > a> A’>0. e Suy ra PT (1) c6 hai nghiém phan biét x, =ccosB— Je cos? B-a?, xy = 0008 B +c? cos* B= a TOAN Hi 12 oes Sé 425 (11-2012) SU DUNG BINH LI SIN, COSIN pti nf cL MO 86 BA TOAN HN HOC TRAN XUAN DANG (GV THPT chuyén Lé Héng Phong - Nam Binh) Ta co x1x2 & a va =—*-ccos B+ fet cos? B= ecosp (coos B- {Sant hoot ct cos? B=" ) (ceosa@ + yc? cos? a— Joos a cosal a FF cosca Coos! cP +05 /Ni eos? aH? +ccnsc1c05 8 => M=—~ esa (Cos pa tonBlcataP +cancmsys Tuong tu M bos Bic os a-b cosca/ oor Par +05 R/Caxs* ab +consc1ens 3 Ta chi can ching minh acosex(ecos Ba? =beus p\Bcosta—P P (2)WWW.VIETMATHS.COM That vay (2) © a? cos? a(c? cos? B—a?) =b? cos? f(c? cos? a—B) << a?e? cos? excos? Bat cos? a — Be? cos? excas? f+. bt cos? B=0 © a cos? cos? J —b* cos? acos? f at costa + bt cos? B=0 <> -a' cos asin? B+b* cos? Bsin? a = 0 = 2 cota © @ cosasin f = 6? cos fina = = cot Ba’ cota DA B corp DBT a eM Trong ki thi IMO 2009 tai Dire e6 Bai toain 2. Cho tam gidc ABC cé AB=AC. Cée duimg phn gide cia cde goc CAB, ABC céit cic canh BC,CA lan hegt tai D va E. Goi K la tam dieing tron noi tiép tam gide ADC. Biét ring BEI gid tri cia goc CAB. Loi gidi. Goi 11a giao diém cia AD va BE (h. 2) A Ro ring = 45° tim tdt ca cde B D c Hinh 2 Dat AB =6, BAC = 2a (0° < a < 90°). Tacé IDK = 45°, ABE =45°-S, BEA=a9°—™ Bie =or aD = 45°48 Ap dung dinh Ii sin vao tam gic ABE, ta cé AE AB osin(45°-2) 2 oos( 45° 3) 2 suy ra dl Ap dung dinh li sin vao tam gif JEK, tacé TE. 25% IE , __1Esin4s° sin45° sin(135°-a) ~ c0s(45°— a)" Ap dyng dinh Ii sin vao tam gidc AIE, ta c6 AB yg ABsinn bare sin| aes ) sn( 45°) 2 x3 a). bsinersin| 45°—© Jsinas° SIK= @ ox 5 © sn( a © oss?) 2 2 Tacd b= Adin[ 4-2) -bsnata[4°-2) Ap dung dinh Ii sin yao tam gic IDK, ta c6 IK ID ID Col sin( 90° 2) cos 2 asinarian(4s°—)sinase = IK= a cos” 2 Tir (3) va (4) suy ra bsinasin( 5°—% Jind oos{ 45° - 22 sin 45° SJeos(ase— a) bsinetan( 45° - © )sinase cos: e 2 © oox( 45°22 Jeosase- a)= cost (ss) on a--2) ° oos( sor) = cost © a =45°hotc @=30? > CAB=90? hoe CAB = 60° Tin lai ta thay CAB théa man diéu kign d@ bai. 0 Sé 425 (11-2012) TORN HOS 13‘WWW.VIETMATHS.COM Trong ki thi IMO nm 2007 tai Viét Nam c6 Bai toan 3. Xét ndim diém A,B,C.D,E_ sao cho ABCD la mot hinh binh hanh va BCED Ia mét tie gide ngi tiép. Cho I la mét ducmg thing di qua A, Gid sit | cat mién trong cia doan thang DC tai F va cit dteong thing BC tai G. Ciing gid sit ring EF = EG = EC. Ching mink ring la phn gide cia gée DAB. Loi gidi, Dit DAF = B,BAF =a.,BDA= y, EG=R (b3). B eo Og iD Hinh 3 Tac E li tim dung tron ngoai tiép tam gide =f vén CF =2Rsing Tr pe RE sin{ y= 80° 28) sin(y + B—90°) - RR ep = Reine cosy + f) cos(7 + B) -Rsiny Vay DF =CD-—CF = —2Rsin £. z costy + B) p Ap dung dinh Ii sin vao tam gic ADF ta cé siny cosy + B) asiny aia me Ap dung dinh li sin vao tam gide BCE ta c6 BC -R sin(a+fB+y) cos(y +P) _ Rsin(a+B+y) cos(y +f)” —2Rsin, ‘| = BC TOAN HOC 14 * STusitre SG 425 (11-2012) Mat khde, vi BC = AD nén sina+f+y) __ sineesiny costy+) — sin Beosty +) esinla+ B4-7)sin f=sinasiny +2sinasin feos(y+ B) & sin Bsin(a — 8-7) +sinasiny =0 +2sina = F (cose —2B-y)-cos(a-y)) (costa) cosa +7) = © cos(a-28-y) = cosa +7). Tir day dé thay @ = A, suy ra didu can chimg minh. 0 BAI TAP. 1. Cho tam giéc ABC. Vé phia ngoai ciia tam giée ABC ta dung cic tam gife BCP, CAQ, ABR sao cho PRC=C1Q=4, BCP =OCA=3?, ABR = BAR=1° Chimg minh ring ORP =90° va OR = RP. (Mo 1975) 2, Cho tam giée ABC va diém P nam trong am giéc. Chimg minh ring c6 it nhat mot trong cde g6c PAB, PBC, PCA nho hon hoae bing 30° (IMO 1991) 3, Trong tam gide ABC cé diém P sao cho APB -ACB = APC - ABC. Goi D, E lin Iugt la tam cde duang tron ndi tiép cdc tam giée APB, APC. Ching mink ring eée deme thing AP, BD. CE déng quy. (MO 1996) 4. Cho tam gide ABC ob ba goc nhon, Goi O Ia tim dung trin ngoai tiép tam giée ABC. Ggi P Ia chin dudng vudng zoe ke ti A dén BC. Biét ring BCA ABC + 30°. Chimg minh ring CAB + COP < 90°. (IMO 2001) 5, Cho tam gide ABC. Dug phin gide cia goc BAC cit canh BC tai P. Dudng phin pide cita goo ABC cat canh AC tai O. Biét ring BAC =60° va AB + BP = AQ + QB. Tinh sé do cdc géc cua tam gic ABC. (MO 2001)‘WWW.VIETMATHS.COM Me SCA es a Gis tri todn hoc Bai 1. Dei 5 : THEO VONG TRON M6t lép hgc gdm 60 hye sinh dimg thanh mot yong tron, quay m§t vao gitta, dé choi tro dém s6 theo chiéu kim dng ho. Lop truong bat déu dém s6 1, ban dimg lin bén wai Lop trudng dém sé 2, ban tigp theo dém s6 1, rdi ban tigp nita dém sé 2 va tiép tue dém cac sé 1, 2 nhur thé. Ban mio dém s6 2 xong thi phai 16i ngay khéi ving tron. Sau khi dém hét moi vong tron thi cdc ban con lai van tiép tuc thye hign dém va ri Khoi vong trén theo quy tac trén, Ban cin chon vj tri ndo trong vong tron ban diu (tinh tir lop trudng) dé 1a ngudi 6 lai cudi cling va duge nhan ting phdm ? BAN QUYNH Ean GiAr par: XAY KIM TU THAP We dang trén TH&TT sé 422, thang 8 nam 2012) Goi s6 gach & tang thir n (n a, Tit gid thiét 06 ay =2, a» =4, as =6 +a, a =8 + a= 12,.. Tong quét bing phép quy nap tacd a,=In+a,) Voin=1,2,... © Khir la $6 chin, 2 = 2m cb a3», =2m(m+1) voim=1,2,.. @ Khir 18 56 Le, 0 = 2m — 1.6 ata 4 =2m? voim=1,2,.. Tong s6 vién gach da xay 20 ting thap 18 Sao = (a, tay 4..¥tys)+ (a2 +444 0) to 1o = 25. m?+2> nm) fel ccs ek ww = 4¥ ne +23. m=1540+110=1650. | Nh@n xét, Céc ban sau c6 lai giai ding: 1) Nguyén Quang Trong, 12A1, THPT Tay Tién Hai, Thai Binh. 2) Tran Neuyén Try, 11C3A, THPT chuyén Hing Vuong, TP. Pleiku, Gia Lai, PHI PHI Bai 2. Bai toan vé Nigay Nha Sido Viet Nam Nhén ngéy hai muoi Théng mudi mot aén Hai ban thin mén Thi nhau tranh tai Tém méi hoi Hai S6 nao lén, bé (20112012!)? hay 2011201271'70!? 9 Moi cde ban tré Chung I6i gidi hay. LE CONG THUAN (GV THCS Quang Léc, Can Léc, Ha Tinh) TOAN HOC Séazs aren * chusitrd 45_ WWW_VETMATHS COM CAC LGP THCS Bai T1/425. (Lép 6). Tim cac sé ty nhién N sao cho khi ta x6a di vai chit sé cudi cing cla no thi s6.N gidm di 1997 lan. VU HONG LUONG (G¥ THCS Yen Duong, Tam Bao, Vinh Phnic) Bai 12/425, (Lop 7) Cho tam giéc ABC yuong tai A c6 ACB =15°, Trén canh AC lay diém D sao cho dudng thing qua D vudng g6c v6i BD cat canh BC tai £ thoa min DE = 2DA. Tinh sé do géc ADB. NGUYEN XUAN HUNG (GV THPT chuyén Ha N6i - Amsterdam) Bai T3/425. Tim sé nguyén durong » dé [4]=4951 voi 4 la téng cia n sé hang sau db ooB} eB) trong dé ki higu [x] 14 sé nguyén Jén nhat Khong vugt qué x. NGUYEN VIET HUNG (GV THPT chuyén KHTN, DHOG Ha Not) Bai 14/425. Tim gid tri nhé nhét cia biéu 14¥x4+yy +z xy yz tax la ba sé thyc duong thoa man diéu kién ey tsa 38 thie P= » trong 46 x, yz ‘TRINH XUAN TINH. (GV THPT Phi Xuyén B, Ha Noi) Bai 15/425. Giai phuong trinh 2 2x4 74 ox +3 =2V1+8x + V14VI48r. NGUYEN VAN XA (GV THPT Yén Phong Sé 2, Bac Ninh) TOAN HOC 16 * Squsiiee S6 425 (11-2012) CAC LOP THPT Bai 16/425. Cho tam gic ABC khéng can. Ké cae dudng trung tuyén AA’, BB’, CC’, cde dung cao Ai, BF va CK. Biét ring CK = BB’, NGUYEN DE (Hai Phang) Bai 77/425. Cho ay, a2, ny iy (12 3) La cde 86 thye dutong théa man diéu kign 1 2 2 (ap +4} +...+45). cae (a, +a tot ay) > a Chimg minh ring khi dé a,,a,.a 1a 49 dai ba canh cia mét tam gide, trong dé i, j, k la cdc nhién thoa man diéu kign 0, NGUYEN VAN HUYEN (SV DH Giao thong Vein tai, TP.H6 Chi Minh) Bai 18/425, Cho hinh chép S.ABCD, day ABCD 1a binh binh hanh cé thé tich li V. Mat phing (P) cit cae canh SA, SB, SC, SD \an lugt tai 4, BC’, D! thoa min dang thite at SE ge BO: Dat thé tich cba SA’ SB’ SC’ SD’ hinh chop S.4’B'C' la Fj va thé tich cia hinh chép S.A'C'D' i Va. Ching minh ring +L < #2 WoW W PHAM DUC HANH (GY THPT Hiodng Mai, Quynh Liew, Nghé An) TIEN TOL OLYMPIC TOAN 2013 Bai 79/425. Viét 2012” thanh tng cua 2013 s6 nguyén duong 4), >, dy. 201s Dat T= ap +a tay +..¢ai3- Chimg minh rang T + 20127" khéng 1a sd chinh phuong. NGUYEN KHANH TOAN (GY THCS Bac Hai, Tién Hai, Thai Binh) 5. Cho tam gide ABC. During tron ip tam gide tiép xtic cde canh BC, CA, AB theo thit ty tai D, E, F. Goi Ma giao diém cita BC voi duong phan gide tong gc BIC, N li giao diém cia EF voi duéng phanWWW.VIETMATHS.COM trong gée EDF. Chimg minh ring ba diém A, M, N thing hang. TA HONG SON (SV lép Ngan hang AK50, Khoa Ngan Hang - ‘Tai chinh, DHKTQD Ha N6i ) Bai T11/425. Véi hai da thite c6 hé s6 nguyén PY) va g(3), ta viet p(x)=q(x) (mod 2) néu P(x) q(x) la mét da thite 6 tat ca cde hé 36 déu chia hét cho 2. Cho day da thite p@) théa min p()=p(@)=1 VA Dav2(X) = Pru (X)+¥.p,(X), Vn EN. Ching minh rang p,,(x)=1(mod2),¥n ¢N. TRAN VINH HOP. (GV THPT chuyén Lé Quy Bon, Quang Tri) Bai 112/425. Gia sit ABC la mt tam gide nhon, Chimg minh ring cosBcosC , cosCcos A 4 £08 AcosB 3 C-A . A-B cos cos 2 2. 2 CAO MINH QUANG (GP THPT cluyén Nguyen Binh Khim, Vi Long) CAC DE VAT LI Bai L1/425. Mot khung day din dign gdm cae canh ctia mét hinh lp phuong, méi canh 6 dign tre 1a R= 120. Goi cae diém J, M, K, L, N lan uot 1a trang diém yy 6 ciia cdc canh AF, AB, GB, HD, BD (hinh v®). J 7D Hay tinh dign tr cla N khung day khi cho dong i dign vio va ra @ hai © = diém sau a) Ava; b) A va; e)Jvak: fy MvaNn. c)AvaB; d) J val; NGUYEN QUANG (Ha Noi) Bai 2/425. Trén mot soi diy din hoi CB c6 song dimg, diu B e6 dinh. Xét dao dong ctia mt phan tir tai diém M/ trén day cach du 6 dinh B mot khoang MB = d. Gia sir tai thi diém s, song toi truyén den 8 c6 phuong tinh uy = Acos2nfi. Viét phuong trinh dao ding cia phin ar tai M Khi co séng ti va song phan xa lién tue di qua dé, Tir phurong trinh nay néu lén a) Cong thite xc dinh vi tri cla bung séng va nit s6ng theo khoaing cach d. b) Nhdn xét vé pha dao dong ca ede phin tr trén day. AU NGUYEN MINH TUAN (GV THPT Yen Thanh 2, Yen Thanh, Nghé An) PROBLEMS IN THIS ISSUE FOR LOWER SECONDARY SCHOOLS 11/425. (For 6" grade). Find all natural numbers NV such that NV decreases by a factor of 1997 afier truncating the last several digits, 72/425. (For 7" grade). Let ABC be a right triangle with right angle at A and ACB=15", Point D on edge AC such that the line passing through D and perpendicular to BD cuts BC at E and DE = 2D. Find the measure of angle ADB. 73/425. Find all positive integers m such that [4]=4951, where A is the sum of terms A (1-4) (243 )-(5+3 sere) ae 2. HJ Here [x] denotes the largest integer not exceeding x. 14/425, Find the minimum value of the Ua yy+ My ye ber are positive numbers satisfying x+y 5/425. Solve the equation x? 2474 Se43 = 214 8x + V1 4 V1+ Br. (Xem tiép trang 27) TOAN HOC S6 425 (11-2012) “Chusitye 17 expression ? where x, y, zse +a++ + le se Hay so sinh $ voi > Loi gidi. Voi moi s6 nguyén duong n, ta cb n_ Atl 4n45 Bi = 1 5 16.5"! 16.5" ) Thay n lan lugt bing 1, 2, .... 2012 vao (1) 59 9 13 taduge S$ =(2--——]+/—-— — (i es} is i} a 8049 8053 i o 16.5% 16,52 ie 3 > Nhan xét. 1) Da sé cdc ban giai bang cach sau qe 1__ 2012 M92 55-S= 145+ pt oT Same 1d 1 Dit P= + gm tinh auge 4P=5P—P ar tb 06 45-5 hay Se 5 ok 163 Cling ¢6 thé tinh 35 = 55 — ase 1 2) Cae ban sau 06 Io giai tt: Vinh Phie: Ta Minh Thu, 6A1, Dé Thi Thu Phicong, 6A3, Phing Ngoc Hoa, Phimg Thi Anh, 6A5, THCS Yén Lac; Ha Noi: Ta Lé Ngoc Séng, 6B, THPT chuyén Ha Noi - Amsterdam; Thanh Ha: Nguyen Twin Anh, 6D, THCS Nhit Ba SP, Holing Hoa; Ngh@ Am: Hoang SOMEONE Ree eee een en ee ee eae ee aah ‘Minh Ths, Hoang Théo’ Vy, Nguyen Thi 6A, THCS Xuin Dieu, Can Loc; Quang Ngli: VO Ngwén Hai, 68, THCS Nghia My, Tu Nghita, Pham Thién Trang. Nguyén Thi Mj Chi 6A, THCS Hanh Phude, Neuen Dat Ducong, 6B, THCS Kim Vang, Digp Dieu Thanh, SB, Lé Thi Nhidt Phuong, SC, TH $8 1 Hanh Phude, Neen Thi Lan Chi, SC, Phan Thi MS Hing, Pham Viin Tén, Dodn Hujnh Tayét Anh, SB, TH S62 Hanh Phuse, Nghia Hin, vigt HAL * Bai 12/421. Cho tam gicie ABC 6 AB'=4, ACB = 30°. Bén ngoai tam gitic db dung tam gide ADC cb ACD =CAD = 50, Chieng mink rang tam gidie BAD can. Ké AE 1 BC, DH 1 AC (E € BC, H € AQ). Trong tam giac yuéng AEC cé ACE = 30° nén AE= pac Ww Tam gide ADC cfin tai D, DH la during cao nén AH=HC= AC Q) Tw (1) va (2) suy ra AE = AH. Lai 06 BAE = DAT = 50° nén AABE = AADH, do dé AB = AD. Vay tam gide BAD cfn tai A. > Nh4n xét. 1) Bai ton nay c6 nhieu céch giai. Chang han, céch giai cia céc ban truomg THCS Xuan Digu, Can Lc, Ha Tinh: Trén canh BC lay diém M sao cho EDM =20°, sau d6 chimg minh tam gide ADM deu va tam gic ABM clin tgi A, suy ra AB= AD.WWW.VIETMATHS.COM 2) Cc ban sau day c6 Idi giai ngin gon: 9: Lé Khanh Ly, 7B, THCS Van Lang, TP. Viet Die Thudn, 7A3, THCS, Lam Thao; Hit ‘in Phi, TX. Phot Ly; Thanh Hoa: Truong Van Tho, Newen Tuan Anh, 7D, THCS Nhi_Bé S¥, Hoing Hé Thj Hhiém Neuyén Thi Vin Anh, 7C, Phan Thj Quinh Trang, 7A, TEHCS Xuan Digu, Can Loc, Va Dit , THCS Bac Hong, TX. Hong Linh, Nguyen Lé g, Tran Tht Thanh Hoa, Lé Thi Thu Uyen, Vo Thy ig Liu, Trén Thi Tecéng Vy, Phan Thj Thu Trang, 7B, THCS Hoing Xuan Hin, Dite Tho;, Quang Ng D8 Thi Thanh Truyén, 6D, Phan Kieu Chinh, A, Pham Thi MP Hang, Dang Liew Vigt Quy, V6 Quang Phit Thoi, Pham Thién Trang, Cao Thj Thety Diem, Nguvén Thaiy Phucomg. Nguyen Thi Mp Chi, Vii Thi Thi, JA, THCS Hanh Phudée, Neuen Dai Dong, 7B, THCS Nguyén Kim Vang, Neuyén Tan Trung, 7H, THCS Huynh Thue Khang, Nehia Hanh, Pham Thi Vp Vy, VB Neuven Hai, Todn Thi My Nink, 7A, THCS Nghia M9, Tu Nghia NGUYEN XUAN BINH Bai 13/421. Tim cae sé ue nhién a, b, ¢ voi ¢<20 théa man a? + ab+0? = 706 (ay Loi gid. Tit (1) suy ra a? +ab +2310. Tit 46 (a—b)(a? +ab+b2) =a! —B410, suy ra_ a’ va b} c6 cing chit sé tan cing, din dén @ va 6 cing chit sé tan cimg => a—5:10. Mat khac a? +ab-+b? =(a—b)? +3ab 110 nén ab! 10, tire li ab 6 chit s6 tin cig la 0. Suy ra a va b 06 chit s6 t€n eiing 1a 0. Data = 10x, b = 10y (x, y € N). Ta od (10x)? +10x.10y + (109)? = 70e = 100? tu ty’) = Te = Te? Vi ceN, ¢<20nén ce {0,10}. # VGi e=0 thi a= =0, théa man (1). # Vi c= 10,tacé x? tay +y? =7 Suyra x? <7 =x {0,1,2}. Ta tim duge 2 ep thoa man 2) Ii x= 1, y=2 va (2) > Nhan xét. 1) Diém mau chét cua loi chimg t6 ring c310, ttr dé tim duge ¢ >, ethéa min (1). 2) Cée ban sau o6 loi gid tbe: Phii Tho: Neuyén Drie Thudn, 7A3, Quan Thi Thu Huyén, 8A1, Nguyen Tién Ding, 9A, THCS Lam Thao, 36 ny nhién a, Lim Thao; Vinh Phie: THCS Lap Thach; Bie Nink: Duong Th Th 9A, THCS Yén Phong; TP. Hé Chi Minh: 6 Nguy. Vink Huy, 83, THPT chuyén Tran Dai Nghia, Quan |. TRAN HOU NAM Bal T4/421. Tim gic tri lon nhdt ctta biéu thitc pez z+x x+y trong do x, y, 2 la d6 dai ba can ctta mét tam gid, Loi gidii, © Trude hét ta chimg minh Vatvb+ve<[Xarbre) (v6i a,b, e>0) (1) By WME Mgr yes 0): yre Z4+x x+y Perasez? 0.2) That vay Mes (va+vb+Ve) 0; 1-0; 1-2-5 0, ye zx x+y Ap dung BBT (1) va (2) ta cé ; ey Ps pI Stes in | yrs ztx x+y) S6 425 (11-2012) TORN HOS 19WWW.VIETMATHS.COM ify eho Heaps ons | mereres a5) 3 _3v2 3v2 1) < a2. khix=y= 5 WBYB-5 =A Pa khix=) 32 Vay gi tri kon nhdt cia PIA > bhiscy= 20 > Nhgn xét. 1) Bai nay c6 rat nhieu ban tham gia. Tuy hin, da s6 cac ben da sit dung BBT Bunyakovsky cho hai 'b6 ba s6, BDT Cauchy cho ba so duong va BOT (2) mi hing chimg minh digu nay vagt qua kién thite ela cip ‘THES, Mot x8 ban vin dung BOT st (a > 0 ab a b> 0) va atb>2Vab cing cho loi gidi dig, 2) Tuyén duong cic ban sau co Io) Pha Tho: Neuyen Thiy Quynh, 8A2, THCS Gidy Phong Chiu, Phi Ninh, Newyen Dink Mau, 83, Nguyen Tién Ding, 943, THCS Lam Thao; Ngh@ An: Dau Thi Phuong Nhi, Nguyen Hitu Cueang, 9A, THCS Nehia Hong, Nghia Dan; Thanh Hoa; Nguyen Hin Hoang, 7B, THCS Tran Phé, Nong Céng; Ha Tinh: Trén Doan Trang, 8C, THCS Xuan, Digu, Can Loc; Vinh Phie: Nguyen Thi Nga, Nguyen Thi Hodi Tha, 8A, THCS Yen Lac, Nguyen Dice Thién, 8A, THCS Ban Gian, Lép Thgch; Hai Duong: Mac Phuong Anh, 9A, THCS Chu Van An, Chi Linh, PHAM THI BACH NGQC Bai 75/421. Cho dieing tron (O), dav cung BC cé dinh. A la diém di d6ng trén dudng thang BC, A néim ngoai deeing tron (O). Tit A ké hai tiép tuyén AM, AN véi dudng tron (0), (M,N © (O)). Qua B ké dwéng thing song song voi AM cat MN tai E. Chimg minh duimg tron ngoai tiép tam giée BEN Iuén di qua hai diém cé dinh khi A di d6ng trén dung thang BC. Loi gidi. (Theo ban Nguyén Thuiy Phuong, 9A, THCS Hanh Phuéc, Nghia Hanh, Quang Ngai) TOAN HOC _. 20 * Tuditre_Sé 425 01-2012) Ta xét trrgng hop diém C nim gitta hai diém A vi B. Truong hop diém B nim gitta hai diém A va C, cach chimg minh la tong ty. Goi H 1a trung diém cla BC thi H c6 dinh. 6 =90°, suy ra nim diém O, M, A, N, H cing nim trén duéng tron dug kinh 40. Mat khée BE//AM nén NMA = NEB. Tit d6 cé NHA=NEB, suy ta tit gidc BHNE noi tigp, hay dudng tron ngoai tip tam gidc BEN di qua hai diém cé dinh li B va AY (dpem). 0 PNh§n_xét. Ngodi ban Piwong, cic ban sau cling o6 10 gia tt: Phi Tho: Bit Ba; Thanh Hi dn Nam, 98, THCS Lucmg 18, Thanh Tran Trung Bic, 9H, THCS ‘Tran Hu Hoang, 7B, THCS Trin Phi, Khanh Linh, 9B, THCS Hi Xuan Ha ‘Quing Ngai: Pham Thi MP Hang, 8A, Nguyén Ki Dae Thy; Cao Kp, 8B, THCS Hanh Phude, Nehia Hinh; Tran Thi My Ninh, Nguyén Thi Mi Chi, 9A, THCS Nghia Mp, Tw Nehia, TP. 11 Chi Minh: Thin Bao Trin, 8T1, Dé Neuyen Vink Huy, 9A1, THPT chuyén Tran Dai Nghia, Quan 1 NGUYEN THI THANH 1 Bai 76/421. Cho L2, aaa) @-aye 4 Dang thie xay ra khi va chi khi a= 2, 6 = 1, I hay x=—, y=1. Vay minP =WWW.VIETMATHS.COM “ 1, ta duoc phuong trinh e-21 41=0P —2t-4=0 > (1-2)( +21+2)=0 Vi 2 4+2¢4+2=(¢41) +120 nén PT cé nghiém duy mht +=2. Do 46 Ja =2aa=4. Thay vao (3), ta co a; =9. Nhu vay ba sé hang dau cia day di cho 1A 1, 4, 9. Gia sir a=, a = (K-41) voi k21. Thr gid thiét 4fa, = ap. ay 1, suy ra (k +2) Theo nguyén li quy nap, ta duge a, = (+1) 4(k +1) = ans — Paya voi n=0,1, 2... Ap dung céng thite > _a(n+1)(2n+1) P+2+.4n= stacd T=P +2? +...4 2013? 2013.2014.4027 _ 5751931819. Vay T =2721031819.0 > Nhdn xét. 1) C6 thé giai bai todn bing cach: Jan = fancy a +1 cde didu kign a déi, tim sVa, st Ont (Jay +1) = vi ag =1 nen ay = (1 41)? v6 n= O12, 2) Cie ban sau day €6 loi iguyn: Ta Van Tuan, 11A1,THPT Luong Phi, Phi Binh; Thi Bink: Trinh Thi This) Duong, 11. Toan 1. THPT chuyén Thai Binh; Ha Tinh: Neuyén Xudin Hiéw, \0T2, THPT chuyén Ha Tinh; Dong Thép: Nguyén Thinhi Thi, Bid Trem Hai Dang, WIT, THPT cchuyén Neuyén Quang Digu, TP. Cao Link; Bik Lk: Nguyén Thanh Hai, Hé Thuan, Dang Tht Mink Haron, 12CT, Nguyen Tran Sang, 11CT, THPT Neuyén Dy, TP. Buén Ma’ Thudt; ‘Can Th Thanh Thing, WAl, THPT chuyén Ly Tw. Trong; Long An: Nguyén Hing Phat, Chu Thi Thu Hién, \0T, THPT chuyén Long An; Quang Ngai: Ngo Think Dat, 11 Toan 1, Hujnk Hong An, 112, THPT chuyén Le Khiét; Bén Tre: Lé Thi Mink Théo, 11 Toin, THPT ehuyén Bén Tre; Ca Mau; Luu Giang Nam, 10T, THPT chuyén Phan Ngoe Hién, NGUYEN ANH DUNG Bai 18/421. Cho hinh Icing tru ABCA'B'C, day la tam gidc déu canh a, cde canh bén cia lang tru bang a. Goi I la trung diém cia AB va BY L (ABC). Tinh khodng ccch tic diém B’ dén mat phin Gia sit H 1a trung diém cua 4’B", K’ la trang cia A'C, K 1A trung diém cia 4’R’. . TOAN HOC S6 425 (11-2012) * Susitye 21