Periodic Table

Chapter 3
Classification of Elements and

Periodicity in Properties
Solutions
SECTION - A
Objective Type Questions (One option is correct)
[Periodic Table and Classification]

1. In Lother Meyer’s curve, the element on the peak of curve will be
(1) F (2) Na (3) Mg (4) Ne
Sol. Answer (2)
Due to large atomic volume.
2. According to Mendeleev’s periodic law, physical and chemical properties are function of
(1) Atomic number (2) Atomic weight (3) Atomic volume (4) Number of neutrons
Sol. Answer (2)
Classification is based on Mendeleev’s periodic law.
3. Uub is the symbol for the element with atomic number

(1) 102 (2) 108 (3) 110 (4) 112
Sol. Answer (4)
Uub
U = un = 1
u = un = 1
b = bium = 2
Hence element has atomic number 112.
4. With which block 30Zn belongs?

(1) s (2) p (3) d (4) f
Sol. Answer (3)
Last electron enters in ‘d’ sub-shell.
Zn belongs with 12th group.
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68 Classification of Elements and Periodicity in Properties Solutions of Assignment
5. The alkali metal which is radioactive is

(1) Fr (2) Al (3) Li (4) Mg
Sol. Answer (1)
Fr which is also liquid at room temperature.
6. The element which belongs with chalcogen family is

(1) N (2) P (3) S (4) Cl
Sol. Answer (3)
16th group is chalcogen.
7. If the atomic number of an element is 33, it will be placed in the periodic table in the
(1) 1st group (2) 3rd group (3) 15th group (4) 17th group
Sol. Answer (3)
33 = 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p3 = 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p3
Above is a p-block element
group number = 10 + number of valence electrons
= 10 + 5 = 15
8. An element has electronic configuration [Xe] 4f7, 5d1, 6s2. It belongs to ______ block of the periodic table.
(1) s (2) p (3) d (4) f
Sol. Answer (4)
[Xe] 4f7 5d1 6s2
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 5d1 4f7
Last electron enters the f sub shell, hence, it belongs to f block.
9. The statement that is not correct for the periodic classification of element is
(1) The properties of elements are the periodic function of their atomic numbers
(2) Non-metallic elements are less in number than metallic elements
(3) The first ionisation energy of elements along a period do not vary in a regular manner with increase in
atomic number
(4) For transition elements the d-subshells are filled with electrons with increase in atomic numbers
Sol. Answer (3)
Generally IE increases along period with few exceptions.
10. Which of the following elements do not belong to the family indicated?
(1) Cu – Coinage metal (2) Ba – Alkaline earth metal
(3) Zn – Alkaline earth metal (4) Xe – Noble gas
Sol. Answer (3)
Zn is not an alkaline earth metal, IIA group elements are called alkaline earth metals.
Solutions of Assignment Classification of Elements and Periodicity in Properties 69
11. Which of the following gradation in the properties is false, as we move from left to right in the periodic table?
(1) Metallic to non-metallic character
(2) Oxidising to reducing properties
(3) Metallic solids through network solids to molecular solids
(4) Base forming to acid forming character
Sol. Answer (2)
Factual
12. An element has 56 nucleons in nucleus and if it is isotonic with 60

30Y . Which group and period does it belong
to?
(1) 8th group, 4th period (2) 14th group, 3rd period
(3) 12th group, 3rd period (4) 12th group, 4th period
Sol. Answer (1)
n + p = 56
for y, n = 60 – 30 = 30
hence for given element
n = 30
p = 26
P(26) = 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d6
period = 4, group number = 2 + 6 = 8
[Screening Effect]
13. Which of the following element has highest shielding constant?

(1) Mg (2) Al (3) K (4) Ga
Sol. Answer (4)
Mg 12e–
Al 13e–
K 19e–
Ga 31e–
Ga has highest atomic number (i.e. number of electrons), hence, it will have highest shielding constant.
14. Which of the following has maximum number of unpaired electrons?

(1) Mg2+ (2) Ti3+ (3) V3+ (4) Fe2+
Sol. Answer (4)
Fe2+ has four unpaired electrons.
15. Which of the following orbitals has higher screening power?

(1) 4s (2) 4p (3) 4d (4) 4f
Sol. Answer (1)
s orbital have more screening power.
16. Which of the following has largest size?

(1) H – (2) He (3) Li + (4) Be+ 2
Sol. Answer (1)
H– these are isoelectronic species.
17. The screening effect of inner electrons on the nucleus causes

(1) A decrease in the ionisation energy
(2) An increase in the ionisation energy
(3) No effect on the ionisation potential
(4) An increase in the attraction of the nucleus on the outermost electrons
Sol. Answer (1)
Due to screening effect, repulsion on electron increases which implies that attraction of nucleus on electrons
decreases, hence ionization energy decreases.
18. Ionic radii are

(1) Greater than the respective atomic radii of elements in general
(2) Greater than the respective atomic radii of electropositive elements
(3) Greater than the respective atomic radii of electronegative elements
(4) Less than the respective atomic radii of electronegative elements
Sol. Answer (3)
During formation of Anions, electron is added to neutral atom, hence size of anion is bigger, compared to
neutral atom.
[Ionisation Energy]
19. The first ionisation potentials of Na, Mg, Al and Si are in the order
(1) Na < Mg > Al < Si (2) Na < Mg < Al > Si
(3) Na > Mg > Al > Si (4) Na > Mg > Al < Si
Sol. Answer (1)
Size; Mg < Na
Hence, ionization energy of Na < Mg
Size; Si < Al
Hence, ionization energy of Si > Al
Mg = 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2
Al = 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p1
Mg has stable configuration, hence its ionization energy will be higher than Al.
 Na < Mg > Al < Si
20. Which among the following elements has the highest value for third ionisation energy?
(1) Mg (2) Al (3) Na (4) Ar
Sol. Answer (1)
Since, Mg belongs to IIA group hence, after removal of 2e–, atom will become stable, and hence, removal of
3rd electron will require high energy.
21. The ionisation potential of isotopes of an element will be
(1) Same
(2) Different
(3) Dependent on atomic masses
(4) Dependent on the number of neutrons present in the nucleus
Sol. Answer (2)
22. The element which has highest IInd I.E.?

(1) Li (2) Be (3) K (4) B
Sol. Answer (1)
IA group elements have highest IInd ionization energy.
23. Which one of the following order is correct?

(1) I > I+ > I– (radii)
(2) I– > I > I+ (radii)
(3) I– >I> I+ (Ionisation energy)
(4) I+5 < I+ < I+7 (Ionisation energy)
Sol. Answer (2)
Anions are larger than the neutral atom, while cations are smaller than the neutral atom.
24. Enthalpy change in the following process is
A + e–  A– H = –X kJ/mole
Which of the following processes has enthalpy change = X kJ/mole?
(1) A–2  A– +1e– (2) A + e–  A–
(3) A–  A + e– (4) A+ + e–  A
Sol. Answer (3)
A + e–  A– ; H = –x
A–  A + e– ; H = +x
As direction of reaction is reversed, sign of heat exchanged is also reversed.
25. Which of the following processes will release energy equal to ionization energy?
  
e e e
 M(( g)) M(g)   M(( g))
e ()
(1) M( g)  (2) M(s)  M(s) (3)  M( g) (4) M( g) 
Sol. Answer (3)

The process is opposite of Ionization energy.
26. The ionization potential of lithium is 520 kJ/mole. The energy required to convert 70 mg of lithium atoms in
gaseous state into Li+ ions is
(1) 5.2 kJ (2) 52 kJ (3) 520 kJ (4) 52 J
Sol. Answer (1)

70  10 –3
Number of moles of Li =  10  10 –3 = 10–2 mole
7
∵ 1 mole Li requires 520 kJ energy
 10–2 mole Li will require = 10–2 × 520 kJ = 5.2 kJ energy
27. Which of the following configuration is associated with the biggest jump between first and second ionization
energy?
(1) 1s22s22p5 (2) 1s22s22p63s1 (3) 1s22s22p4 (4) 1s22s1
Sol. Answer (4)
IA group element (ns1) have biggest jump between Ist and IInd ionization energy.
28. A sudden large jump between the values of second and third ionisation energies of an element would be
associated with the electronic configuration
(1) 1s2, 2s2p6, 3s1 (2) 1s2, 2s2p6, 3s2p1 (3) 1s2, 2s2p6, 3s2p2 (4) 1s2, 2s2p6, 3s2
Sol. Answer (4)
For IIA group elements i.e., elements containing 2e– in outermost shell, there is a sudden jump between values
of 2nd and 3rd ionization energy (because in 3rd ionization we have to remove electron from a stable
configuration)
29. The element which has highest 2nd ionisation energy is

(1) Na (2) Mg (3) Ca (4) Ar
Sol. Answer (1)
Electron will be removed from completely filled second orbit.
[Electronegativity and Electron Affinity]
30. An atom with high electronegativity generally has

(1) Low electron affinity (2) Small atomic number
(3) Large atomic radius (4) High ionisation potential
Sol. Answer (4)
Higher electronegativity implies higher ionization potential.
31. Which of the following has highest electron affinity?

(1) Na (2) Li (3) K (4) Rb
Sol. Answer (2)
32. The first electron affinity values of ‘O’, S & Se are given correctly as
(1) O > S > Se (2) S > Se > O (3) Se > O > S (4) Se > S > O
Sol. Answer (2)
Element Electron gain enthalpy Electron affinity
O –144 144
S –200 200
Se –195 195
 S > Se > O
33. The element which has highest electron affinity?
(1) Oxygen (2) Sulphur (3) Nitrogen (4) Phosphorus
Sol. Answer (2)
Resultant of size factor and electronic configuration factor.
34. Electron gain enthalpy will be positive in

(1) O–2 is formed from O–1 (2) O–1 is formed from O
(3) S–1 is formed from S (4) Na– is formed from Na
Sol. Answer (1)
O –  e –  O –2
When e– will approach O–, O– will repel the approaching electron, hence, we have to give some energy
therefore, electron gain enthalpy will be +ve (endothermic).
35. Which one of the following oxides has highest acidic character?
(1) CO2 (2) Cl2O7 (3) SiO2 (4) SO2
Sol. Answer (2)
IV VI VII
CO2 Cl2O7
SiO2 SO2
As we move from left to right across a period, acidic character of oxides of elements increases.
As we move from top to bottom in a group, acidic character of oxides of element decreases.
36. Electronegativity of an element is 1.0 on the Pauling scale. Its value on Mulliken scale will be
(1) 2.8 (2) 1 (3) 2.0 (4) 1.5
Sol. Answer (1)
Emuliken = 2.8 Epauling
= 2.8 × 1 = 2.8
37. Zr and Hf have nearly same size because

(1) They belong to same group
(2) They belong to same period
(3) Of lanthanoid contraction
(4) Of poor screening of d orbitals
Sol. Answer (3)
Zr and Hf have nearly same size due to lanthanide contraction
38. Arrange the given species in the increasing order of group electronegativity
NO 2 , F , H , OH
I II III IV
(1) III < IV < II < I (2) I < II < IV < III (3) I < III < IV < II (4) III < I < IV < II
Sol. Answer (1)
39. The chemistry of Be is very similar to that of aluminium, because

(1) They belong to same group (2) They belong to same period
(3) Both have nearly the same ionic size (4) The ratio of their charge to size is nearly the same
Sol. Answer (4)
Be and Al show diagonal relationship hence we can say that, for these two elements charge to size ratio is
nearly same.
40. If an element A shows two cationic states +2 and +3 and form oxides in such a way that ratio of the element
showing +2 and +3 state is 1 : 3 in a compound. Formula of the compound will be
(1) A8O11 (2) A4O11 (3) A9O11 (4) A5O11
Sol. Answer (1)
Total +ve charge (A1A3)
= 1 × (+2) + 3 × (+3)
= 2 + 9 = 11
For compound to be neutral, O must contain total 11 unit negative charge
∵ –2 unit charge possessed by one oxygen atom
–11  1 11
 –11 unit charge possessed by = = oxygen atom
–2 2
Hence formula = A1A3O 11 = A4O 11 = A8O11

2 2
41. Which of the following statement(s) is incorrect?
(1) The electronic configuration of Cr is [Ar] 3d 54s1 (Atomic No. of Cr = 24)
(2) The magnetic quantum number may have a negative value
(3) In silver atom, 23 electrons have a spin of one type and 24 of the opposite type
(Atomic number of Ag = 47)
(4) van der Waal radius of chlorine molecule is less than its covalent radius
Sol. Answer (4)
Cr (24) = 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s1 3d5 (Half filled-full filled rule)
Magnetic quantum number varies from +l to –l through zero for a given value of l.
Ag(47) = 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s1 4d10 (Half filled-full filled rule)
In Ag except 5s1, all subshells are fully filled which contains total 46e– out of which 23e– have anticlockwise
spin, hence total number of e– having clockwise spin
= 23 + 1(5s1) = 24
Total number of e– having anticlockwise spin = 23
van der Waal’s radii of a molecule is more than its covalent radii.
42. The diagonal similarities are due to similar polarising powers for the elements
The polarising power is directly proportional to
ionic charge (ionic charge) 2

(1) (2)
ionic radius ionic radius
ionic charge ionic charge

(3) (4)
(ionic radius)2 (ionic radius)1/2
Sol. Answer (3)
ionic charge
Polarising power 
(ionic radius) 2
43. Out of following, which has the highest electronegativity?

(1) H (2) Li (3) Na (4) Be
Sol. Answer (1)
H-2.1
44. According to Mulliken method, electronegativity is a function of

(1) Ionization energy and Electron affinity
(2) Ionization energy and size
(3) Effective nuclear charge and size
(4) Effective nuclear charge and Electron affinity
Sol. Answer (1)
Fact
45. Hypothetically if one orbital bear three electrons then how many elements are present in 2nd period?
(1) Twelve (2) Eight (3) Six (4) Nine

Sol. Answer (1)
Three possible values of spin quantum number means an orbital can accommodate a maximum of three
electrons. Since in second period 2s and 2p subshells are involved so a maximum of 12 (3 + 9) electrons
can be accommodated.
46. The increasing order of atomic radii of the following Group 13 elements is
[JEE(Advanced)-2016]
(1) Al < Ga < In < Tl (2) Ga < Al < In < Tl
(3) Al < In < Ga < Tl (4) Al < Ga < Tl < In
Sol. Answer (2)
The increasing order of atomic radii is
Ga < Al < In < Tl

r
(pm) 135 145 167 170
SECTION - B
Objective Type Questions (More than one options are correct)
1. Which of the following sequence contains atomic number of only representative elements?
(1) 55, 12, 48, 53 (2) 13, 33, 54, 83 (3) 3, 33, 53, 87 (4) 22, 33, 55, 66
Sol. Answer (2, 3)
The p block elements comprise those belonging to group 13 to 18 and these together with s block elements
are called the representative or main group elements
⎡55 Cs s block ⎡13 Al p block

⎢12 Mg s block ⎢33
⎢ ⎢ As p block
Set 1 ⎢ 48 Cd d block Set 2 ⎢54 Xe noble gas  p block
⎢ ⎢
⎣53 I p block ⎣83 Bi p block
⎡3 B p block ⎡22 Ti d block

⎢33 As p block ⎢33
⎢ ⎢ As p block
Set 3 ⎢53 I p block Set 4 ⎢55 Cs s block
⎢ ⎢
⎣87 Fr s block ⎣66 Dy f block
All elements of Set 2, 3 only belongs to either s or p block, hence these sets belong to representative
elements.
2. The elements which belong to p-block is/are

(1) Fe (2) Ga (3) Na (4) I
Sol. Answer (2, 4)
Ga and iodine belong to p block.
3. Choose the correct statement/statements regarding Modern periodic table

(1) Actinoids are placed in main body of periodic table
(2) Chemical properties are periodic function of atomic number
(3) In periodic table, 18 groups are present
(4) 7th period is incomplete
Sol. Answer (2, 3, 4)
Actinoids are placed separately.
4. Which of the following pairs contain metalloids?

(1) Si, Ge (2) As, Te (3) I, Sb (4) In, Tl
Sol. Answer (1, 2)
Si, Ge, As, Sb, Te are metalloids
5. Which of the following elements belongs to 16th group?
(1) Se (2) Te (3) Ra (4) Cr
Sol. Answer (1, 2)
O, S, Se, Te and Po are the elements of 16th group.
6. The correct statement about d block element is/are

(1) They are all metals (2) They show variable valency
(3) All these elements have full (n – 1) d subshell (4) They have strong tendency to gain electron
Sol. Answer (1, 2)
For d-block element
 All are metals
 d block elements show variable valency.
7. Choose the correct statement(s)

(1) Cu, Ag, Au are known as coinage metals (2) Ce, Gd, U are Lanthanoids
(3) H is placed in 1st group (4) N has lower first ionization energy, than F
Cu, Ag, Au are coinage metals. U is not a lanthanoid. IP1 of N is greater than O but less than F.
8. Choose the correct statement(s).

(1) [Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p6 element is a noble gas (2) [Ar] 3d 5 4s1 element belongs to s block
(3) 1s2 element belongs to f block (4) [Xe] 4f 1 5d 1 6s2 element belongs to f block
Sol. Answer (1, 4)
[Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p6 is Kr (36) which is a noble gas element [Ar] 3d5 4s1 is Cr(24) which is a d block element.
[Xe] 4f1 5d1 6s2 has atomic number 58 which is Ce (58) a lanthanoid belonging to f block.
9. Which of the following is/are correct order in accordance of electropositive nature of metal?
(1) Fe < Mg < Cu (2) Na > Mg > Al (3) Mg < Ca < Sr (4) Fe > Cu > Zn
IA IIA IIIA
Na Mg Al
In a period electropositive (metallic) character decreases.
IIA
Mg
Ca
Sr
Going top to bottom in a group, size increases, hence electropositive (metallic) character also increases.
Fe forms more +ve ions like Fe+2 and Fe+3 while Cu can form only Cu+ and Cu+2 and Zn can form only Zn+2
10. Which of the following elements have same Zeffective?
(1) Na (2) Li (3) K (4) Rb
11. Which of the following is/are correct pair regarding size?

(1) Zn > Cu (2) N>O (3) Al > Ca (4) B>C
Zn has larger size than Cu.

Covalent radii of N = 0.74 Å while that of ‘O’ = 0.66 Å
Radii of Al < Ca
Radius of B > C
12. Which of the following is / are correct order regarding radius?

(1) Be+2 < B+3 < Li+ (2) B+3 < Be+2 < Li+
(3) F– < O–2 < N–3 (4) B+3 < Ga+3 < Al+3
B+3 = 0.02 Å
Be+2 = 0.31 Å
Li+ = 0.76 Å
B+3 < Be+2 < Li+
F–, O–2, N–3 are isoelectroelectronic, hence higher the charge on nucleus lesser will be radius
F– < O–2 < N–3
B+3 < Ga+3 < Al+3
Size increases due to poor shielding of d electrons.
13. Which of the following pairs have nearly same size?

(1) Fe, Co (2) Zr, Hf (3) Ru, Rh (4) Nb, Ta
Sol. Answer (1, 2, 3, 4)
Element Radius in Å
Fe 1.17
Co 1.16
Zr 1.45
Hf 1.44
Ru 1.24
Rh 1.25
Nb 1.34
Ta 1.34
1, 2, 3, 4 all have nearly same size
14. Choose the correct pair regarding ionisation energy (IE1)
(1) B > Be (2) Tl > Ga (3) N>O (4) Li > Na
Tl have has lower IE1 than Ga.
15. Choose the correct order
(1) Cl < S < P < Si
(2nd Ionisation energy)
(2) Si < P < Cl < S
(2nd Ionisation energy)
(3) Be+2 < Li+ < Na+ < K+
(Inverse of charge density)
(4) Na & Mg are electropositive elements

Si 3s2 3p2 Si+ 3s2 3p1
P 3s2 3p3 P+ 3s2 3p2
Cl 3s2 3p5 Cl+ 3s2 3p4
S 3s2 3p4 S+ 3s2 3p3
IV V VI VII
Si+ P+ S+ Cl+
S+ has stable configuration so second ionization energy of S will be more than Cl+
Si < P < Cl < S
Size Li+ < Na+ < K+
Size of Be+2 < Li+ < Na+ < K+
Lesser cation is more hydrated, hence has lower ionic mobility
So ionic mobility  size
So correct order of ionic mobility is Be+2 < Li+ < Na+ < K+
Na and Mg are electropositive elements.
16. Choose the pair in which IE1 of first element is greater than IE1 of second element but in case of IE2 order
is/are reversed
(1) N, O (2) P, S (3) Be, B (4) F, O
Sol. Answer (1, 2, 3, 4)
In I, II and III stable electronic configuration of the first element is the reason while for the 4th choice. IE of
1st member is greater due to Zeff.
17. Choose the correct option(s)

(1) Oxygen has highest first electron affinity among chalcogens
(2) Be+2 < Li+ < Na+ < K+ (radii)
(3) F is 2nd most electronegative element
(4) Cl has highest negative electron gain enthalpy
Sol. Answer (2, 4)

Element Electron gain enthalpy
O – 144
S – 200
Se – 195
T – 190
Po – 174
IA IIA
Li Be
Na
K
As we move from left to right across a period, size decreases.
As we move from top to bottom in a group, size increases.
 Be+2 < Li+ < Na+ < K+
F is most electronegative element known.
Cl has highest negative electron gain enthalpy.
18. Choose the process which is/are endothermic.
(1) O–1 + e–  O –2 (2) Ar  Ar+ + e –
(3) Ar + e–  Ar – (4) H + e–  H –

O– will repel electron, hence, addition of electron in O– is endothermic
Ar  Ar   e – , process is ionization, hence, endothermic
Ar  e – 
 Ar – , Ar has noble gas configuration, hence, addition of e– is not favored hence we have to give
some energy, therefore, process is endothermic
 H2 – , H– is getting noble gas configuration hence it will favors addition of e–. When H is
H  e– 
1s1 1s
converted to H–, it gains stability hence loses energy.
19. Choose the correct order

(1) Mo(II) > Mo(III) > Mo(IV)
(Electronegativity order)
(2) Fe(I) < Fe(II) < Fe(III)
(3) Fe(III) < Fe(II) < Fe(I)
(Ionic radius)
(4) Mo (IV) > Mo (III) > Mo(II)
As oxidation number (i.e., charge) of metal ion increases, electronegativity also increases
So Mo(II) < Mo(III) < Mo(IV) and Fe(I) < Fe(II) < Fe(III) are correct increasing order of electronegativity.
20. Which of the following pair of oxides are acidic?
(1) CO2 and NO2 (2) SO3 and SO2
(3) MgO and Na2O (4) Li2O and K2O

Sol. Answer (1, 2)
Oxides of non-metals are usually acidic.
CO2  H2O  H2CO3 , 2NO2  H2O  HNO2  HNO3 , SO3  H2O  H2SO4 , SO2  H2O  H2SO3
SECTION - C
Linked Comprehension Type Questions
Comprehension I
Ionisation energy is the amount of energy required to remove the outermost e– from a gaseous atom. It’s unit is
kJ/mole or kcal/mole.
Successive ionisation energy – It is the amount of energy required to remove electron successively from a gaseous
ion. These are termed as IE2, IE3, IE4 etc. The difference in the values of IE1, IE2 and IE3 helps to determine
electronic configuration of the element.
Element IE1 IE2 IE3 EA
A 150 350 1920 –50
B 52 729 1181 60
C 418 1091 1652 349
D 550 1025 1500 –495
All data is reported in Kcal/mol
1. Which element forms stable unipositive ion?

(1) A (2) B (3) C (4) D
Sol. Answer (2)
It is an alkali metal because it shows greatest jump between 1st and 2nd IE.
2. Which of the following is a non-metal?

(1) A (2) B (3) C (4) D
Sol. Answer (3, 4)
Both (3) & (4) are possible.
3. Which element is a noble gas?

(1) A (2) B (3) C (4) D
Sol. Answer (4)
Noble gas have very high ionization energy.
Comprehension II
Mulliken defined the electronegativity of an atom as the arithmetic mean of its ionisation energy and electron affinity.
1
A  (I.P.  E.A.)
2
One more relationship given by him, if the values are given in eV is
Ionisation potential  Electron affinity

A 
5.6
When there is pure covalent bond between A – B
(IP) A  (EA) A (IP)B  (EA)B


5.6 5.6
 A  B
1. According to Mulliken, electronegativity depends on
(1) Ionisation potential (2) Electron gain enthalpy
(3) Electron affinity (4) Both (1) & (3)
Sol. Answer (4)
According Mulliken
IE  EA
EN 
2
Hence EN depends on both ionization energy as well as electron affinity
 
2. When there is formation of A  B bond then condition will be
(IP ) A  (EA ) A (IP )B  (EA )B (IP )B  (EA )B (IP ) A  (EA )B

(1)  (2) 
5 .6 5 .6 5 .6 5 .6
(IP ) A  (EA )B (IP ) A  (EA )B (IP) A  (EA )B (IP) A  (EA ) A

(3)  (4) 
2.8 2 .8 5.6 5 .6
Sol. Answer (1)

– +
A B A x B
which implies that (EN)A > (EN)B
(IP)A  (EA)A (IP)B  (EA)B


5.6 5.6
3. Pauling’s Electronegativity scale is based on

(1) Thermochemical data (2) I.E. data
(3) E.A. data (4) Both (2) & (3)
Sol. Answer (1)
Pauling’s electronegativity is based on bond energy data i.e. thermo chemical data.
SECTION - D
Assertion-Reason Type Questions
1. STATEMENT-1 : Nitrogen and oxygen have nearly same size.

and
STATEMENT-2 : Electron-electron repulsions tend to increase the size.
Sol. Answer (2)
Due to electron-electron repulsion attraction of nucleus decreases.
2. STATEMENT-1 : Nitrogen can form maximum four bonds with hydrogen.

and
STATEMENT-2 : Valency is the combining capacity of element and it is always constant.
Sol. Answer (3)
Valency is available quantity.
3. STATEMENT-1 : Noble gases have high ionisation energy

and
STATEMENT-2 : Noble gases belong to 18th group.
Sol. Answer (2)
Due to inert configuration, I.E. is very high.
4. STATEMENT-1 : Actinoides belongs to f block.

and
STATEMENT-2 : Lanthanoid belongs to 3rd group.
Sol. Answer (2)
5. STATEMENT-1 : Fluorine has less electron affinity than chlorine.

and
STATEMENT-2 : Due to small size, more electron-electron repulsions are observed in F.
Sol. Answer (1)
It is due to very high shielding effect in F.
6. STATEMENT-1 : Long form of periodic table exactly explain the position of hydrogen.
and
STATEMENT-2 : Hydrogen is most abundent element of the universe.
Sol. Answer (4)
Properties of hydrogen match with Ist & 17th group both.
7. STATEMENT-1 : He and H– have same size

and
STATEMENT-2 : He and H– have same number of electrons in valence shell.
Sol. Answer (4)
In H– and He, effective nucleus charges are different.
8. STATEMENT-1 : B2O3 is more acidic than BeO.

and
STATEMENT-2 : Ionisation energy of B is more than Be.
Sol. Answer (3)
Ionisation energy of Be is greater than B.
9. STATEMENT-1 : Bond dissociation energy of F2 is more than that of Cl2.

and
STATEMENT-2 : Due to smaller size of fluorine there are greater electron repulsions between the F atoms than
Cl atoms.
Sol. Answer (4)
Bond dissociation energy of F2 is less than that of Cl2 due to smaller size of fluorine there is greater electronic
repulsion between F atoms than Cl atoms.
10. STATEMENT-1 : Ions Na+, Mg2+, Al3+ are isoelectronic.

and
STATEMENT-2 : In each ion, the total number of electrons are 10.

Sol. Answer (1)
Na+ = 11 – 1 = 10
Mg+2 = 12 – 2 = 10
Al+3 = 13 – 3 = 10
Na+, Mg+2, Al+3 all have 10e–, hence, isoelectronic
11. STATEMENT-1 : First Ionisation energy of beryllium is more than that of boron.
and
STATEMENT-2 : In boron, 2p orbital is fully filled, whereas, in beryllium, it is not fully filled.
Sol. Answer (3)
Be has stable outermost electronic configuration, hence has high ionisation energy
Be(4) = 1s2 2s2
B(5) = 1s2 2s2 2p1
In boron 2p orbital is not full-filled
In Be 2p orbital is empty
12. STATEMENT-1 : Fluorine is more electronegative than chlorine.

and
STATEMENT-2 : Fluorine is smaller in size than chlorine.

Sol. Answer (2)
F is highest electronegative element known
F is smaller in size than chlorine.
Both size and Zeff explains the equation.
13. STATEMENT-1 : Ionization energy of s-electrons are more than the p-electrons for the same shell.
and
STATEMENT-2 : s electrons are closer to the nucleus than p-electrons, hence, more tightly attached.
Sol. Answer (1)
s electrons are closer to nucleus than p electrons, hence ionisation energy of s electrons is higher than p
electrons.
14. STATEMENT-1 : Li and Mg show diagonal relationship.

and
STATEMENT-2 : Li and Mg have nearly same atomic radius.
Sol. Answer (3)
Li, Mg and Be, Al and B, Si show diagonal relationship
Li 1.23 Å
Mg 1.36 Å
Be 0.89 Å
Al 1.25 Å
B 0.80 Å
Si 1.17 Å
Li and Mg do not have same atomic size
15. STATEMENT-1 : He and Be both have the same outer electronic configuration like ns2 type.
and
STATEMENT-2 : Both are chemically inert.
Sol. Answer (3)
He 1s2
Be 1s2 2s2
He and Be both have similar electronic configuration like ns2.
Be forms compounds, hence it is not inert.
SECTION - E
Matrix-Match Type Questions
1. Match the following
Column I Column II
(Element) (Electronegativity on Pauling scale)
(A) Carbon (p) 0.8
(B) Nitrogen (q) 1.6
(C) Aluminium (r) 2.5
(D) Cesium (s) 3.0
Sol. Answer A(r), B(s), C(q), D(p)

Element Electronegativity
C 2.5
N 3.0
Al 1.6
Cs 0.8
Increasing order of EN
Cs < Al < C < N3
Cs is strongly electropositive hence least electronegative.

Column I Column II
(Element) (Size (r) in Å)
(A) K+ (p) 0.74
(B) Cu+ (q) 0.99
(C) Ca+ (r) 0.96
(D) Zn+2 (s) 1.33
Sol. Answer A(s), B(r), C(q), D(p)
Zn++ < Cu+ < Ca+ < K+
K+ 1.33 Å
Cu+ 0.96 Å
Ca+ 0.99 Å
Zn+2 0.74 Å

Column I Column II
(A) Zirconium (Atomic no. 40) (p) Group no. 15; Period no. 4
(B) Thallium (Atomic no. 81) (q) Group no. 4; Period no. 5
(C) Arsenic (Atomic no. 33) (r) Group no. 14; Period no. 5
(D) Tin (Atomic no. 50) (s) Group no. 13; Period no. 6
Sol. Answer A(q), B(s), C(p), D(r)

Column I Column II
(Element) (Effective nuclear charge for the outermost electron)
(A) Magnesium (p) 2.20
(B) Potassium (q) 2.60
(C) Aluminium (r) 2.85
(D) Boron (s) 3.50
Sol. Answer A(r), B(p), C(s), D(q)
SECTION - F
Integer Answer Type Questions
1. What is the group number of element Une?

Sol. Answer (9)
Atomic number is 109.
2. What is screening constant for outer electron of H?
Sol. Answer (0)
In H only one electron is present so, no other electron which can screen it.
3. Which group will show lowest second ionization energy? (Non radioactive element)
Sol. Answer (2)
Fact
4. The element which has highest electron affinity will belong with group number x. Then x – 10 will be.
Sol. Answer (7)
Cl(17th group) have maximum affinity.
17 – 10 = 7
5. To which group Ce belongs?
Sol. Answer (3)
All f-block elements belongs to IIIrd group.
6. The largest group in Modern periodic table is _______.
Sol. Answer (3)
All f-block elements & other five elements belongs to IIIrd group.
SECTION - G
Multiple True-False Type Questions
1. STATEMENT-1 : Electronegativity of an element depends on ionisation energy of that element.
STATEMENT-2 : Electronegativity regularly decreases along the group.
STATEMENT-3 : Fluorine is the most electronegative element.
(1) T F T (2) TTT (3) FTT (4) FFT
Sol. Answer (1)
2. STATEMENT-1 : In Mendeleev’s periodic table arrangement of elements depend on their atomic weight.
STATEMENT-2 : Some vacant sites were present in this periodic table.
STATEMENT-3 : Position of isotope was well explained by Mendeleev
(1) T T F (2) FFT (3) TFT (4) TFF
Sol. Answer (1)

3. STATEMENT-1 : In Tl Lanthanoide contraction is observed

STATEMENT-2 : In Ga actinoide contraction is observed
STATEMENT-3 : Ionisation energy of Pb is more than Sn.
(1) TTT (2) TFT (3) FFT (4) FFF
Sol. Answer (2)
SECTION - H
Aakash Challengers Questions
1. Which of the following has the largest size in aqueous medium?
(1) Li+ (2) Na+ (3) Cs+ (4) K+
Sol. Answer (1)
Li+ due to high hydration energy.
2. Which of the following has the largest ionisation energy?
(1) Zn (2) Sc (3) Cd (4) Hg
Sol. Answer (4)
Hg ; 1007 kJ/mole
3. s orbital is more penetrating because
(1) Probability of finding electron is maximum on the surface of nucleus
(2) s orbital is non-directional
(3) s orbital is spherical in shape
(4) All of these
Sol. Answer (1)
Fact
4. Cs metal imparts colour to the flame because
(1) Cs has low ionisation energy
(2) Cs is a soft metal
(3) Cs has low density
(4) Cs has large size
Sol. Answer (1)
Due to low ionization energy.
5. In which compound Mn has highest electronegativity?
(1) MnO (2) Mn3O4 (3) MnO2 (4) Mn2O5
Sol. Answer (4)
Higher will be oxidation state higher will be electronegative.
6. The correct pair regarding property given in bracket is
(1) F2 > Cl2 (Oxidising character)
(2) F > Cl (Electron affinity)
(3) F < Cl (Electronegativity)
(4) O > N (Ionisation energy)
Sol. Answer (1)
F2 is stronger oxidizing agent.
7. The oxide which has highest acidic character is
(1) MnO (2) MnO2
(3) Mn2O3 (4) Equal in all of these
Sol. Answer (2)
MnO2
8. Choose the correct statement.
(1) Isotopes have nearly same chemical properties
(2) Isoelectronic species may be neutral
(3) Na and K have nearly same Zeffective
(4) All of these
Sol. Answer (4)
Fact
9. Maximum number of electrons in nth shell is
(1) n2 (2) 2(l + 1) (3) 2n2 (4) (l + 1)2
Sol. Answer (3)
10. Choose the correct regarding E.N.
(1) B > Al > Ga > In (2) B > Al = Ga = In
(3) B > In > Ga = Al (4) B > In > Ga > Al
Sol. Answer (4)
B > Tl > In > Ga > Al
B = 2.0
Al = 1.5
Ga = 1.6
In = 1.7
Tl = 1.8
11. Covalent radius of an element having 82 electrons in extranuclear part and 82 protons in the nucleus is
146 Å. Calculate the electronegativity on Allred Rochow scale of that element.
Sol. On Allred Rochow scale,
0.359 Z eff
EN  0.744 
r2
r = radius in Å
82 = 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10 4f14 5s2 5p6 5d10 6s2 6p2
 = 3 × 0.35 + 18 ×0.85 + 60 × 1.0
= 1.05 + 15.3 + 60
 = 76.8
Z* = S –  = 82 – 76.8
Z* = 5.2
0.359  5.2
EN  0.744 
(146) 2
0.359  5.2
 0.744 
21316
= 0.744 + 8.75 × 10–5
= 0.74405
12. Calculate the energy required to convert all the atoms of M (atomic number : 12) to M2+ ions present in
12 mg of metal vapours. First and second ionization enthalpies of M are 737.77 and 1450.73 kJ mol–1
respectively.
12  10 3
Sol. Number of moles = = 0.0005 = 5 × 10–4
24
Total energy required for ionization of 1 mole Mg from
M to M+2 = 737.77 + 1450.73
= 2188.5
∵ 1 mole  2188.5 kJ
 5 × 10–4 mole  5 × 10–4 × 2188.5 kJ

 1.09425 kJ
13. Calculate the electronegativity value of an atom on Pauling scale.
IP = 13.0 eV and EA = 4.0 eV.
IP + EA
Sol. EN =
5.6
13  4
EN   3.03
5.6
14. There are three elements I, II, III and their ionisation energies are given below.
IE1 IE2
I 2372 5251
II 900 1760
III 520 7300
Now identify
(a) Which element is most reactive?
(b) Which element is noble gas?
(c) Which can form a stable dihalide?
Sol. Element III has least (IE)1 hence, most reactive
Element I has highest (IE)1 hence, it is a noble gas
Element II has least (IE)2 hence, it can form easily M+2 ion, hence, it can form stable dihalide.
15. Out of Ne and Na+, which has higher ionisation energy and why?
Sol. Na+ & Ne both have 10e– i.e. isoelectronic, hence, greater the nuclear charge, lesser will be radius and larger
will be IE
Na+ (Z = 11)
Ne (Z = 10)
Hence, Na+ have higher IE.
16. Alkali metals and coinage metals both have ns1 electron in outermost orbitals.
(a) Out of these two groups, which group elements have higher stability. Explain.
(b) Compare the polarising power of their cation.
Sol. (a) Group II (coinage metals) elements differ from group I elements in that, the penultimate shell
contains 10d electrons. The poor screening by the d electrons makes the atoms of Cu group much smaller
in size. This results in higher stability of coinage metals.
(b) Coinage metals having smaller size have high polarizing power.
17. Why lanthanides and actinoides have been placed separately in the periodic table?
Sol. The initial separation of lanthanides and actinides are based on slight differences in solubility.
18. Arrange the following in increasing order as directed.
(a) Na2O, Cl2O, NO2, N2O, P2O5
(Acidic strength)
(b) Li+, Be+, B+, C+ (Stability)
(c) B, Al, Ga, In, Tl (First Ionisation energy)
Sol. (a) Order of acidic strength is Na2O < P2O5 < Cl2O < N2O < NO2
(b) Li+ 1s2
Be+ 1s2 2s1
B+ 1s2 2s2
C+ 1s2 2s2 2p1
Hence, order of stability is Li+ > B+ > C+ > Be+
(c) B, Tl, Ga, Al, In (Ist ionization energy)
* On moving from B to Al (IE)1 decreases as expected and this decrease is due to an increase in atomic
size and shielding effect.
* On moving from Al to Ga, the (IE)1 , increases slightly, because on moving from Al to Ga, both nuclear
charge and shielding effect increase, but due to poor shielding d electron (3d10) in Ga, effective nuclear
charge on valence electron increases, resulting in d-block contraction, that is why ionization enthalpies
increase.
* On moving from Ga to In again there is slight decrease in ionization enthalpies due to increased shielding
effect of additional ten 4d electrons, which outweighs the effect of increased nuclear charge.
* On moving from In to Tl, ionization enthalpies show an increase again because 14, 4f electrons shield
valence electron poorly (order of shielding effect (s > p > d > f) and so effective nuclear charge increases,
consequently ionization enthalpies increase.
19. Why Al2O3 is amphoteric while B2O3 is acidic?
Sol. Acidic nature of boron oxide (or hydroxide) may be explained on the basis of small size of boron. Due to
small size, there is high positive charge density on atom. This pulls off electron pair from water so O–H bond
is weakened facilitating the release of H+ giving acidic solution. As Al+3 and Ga+3 ions are relatively larger
hence their tendency to rupture the O–H bond becomes somewhat less. The result of this is, that acidic
nature decreases and oxides become amphoteric.


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Chapter 3

Classification of Elements and

[Periodic Table and Classification]

Classification is based on Mendeleev’s periodic law.

3. Uub is the symbol for the element with atomic number

4. With which block 30Zn belongs?

Last electron enters in ‘d’ sub-shell.

Zn belongs with 12th group.

5. The alkali metal which is radioactive is

6. The element which belongs with chalcogen family is

12. An element has 56 nucleons in nucleus and if it is isotonic with 60

13. Which of the following element has highest shielding constant?

14. Which of the following has maximum number of unpaired electrons?

15. Which of the following orbitals has higher screening power?

16. Which of the following has largest size?

17. The screening effect of inner electrons on the nucleus causes

18. Ionic radii are

22. The element which has highest IInd I.E.?

23. Which one of the following order is correct?

24. Enthalpy change in the following process is

Which of the following processes has enthalpy change = X kJ/mole?

(1) A–2  A– +1e– (2) A + e–  A–

(3) A–  A + e– (4) A+ + e–  A

Sol. Answer (3)

As direction of reaction is reversed, sign of heat exchanged is also reversed.

Sol. Answer (3)

Sol. Answer (1)

29. The element which has highest 2nd ionisation energy is

[Electronegativity and Electron Affinity]

30. An atom with high electronegativity generally has

31. Which of the following has highest electron affinity?

34. Electron gain enthalpy will be positive in

37. Zr and Hf have nearly same size because

39. The chemistry of Be is very similar to that of aluminium, because

∵ –2 unit charge possessed by one oxygen atom

Hence formula = A1A3O 11 = A4O 11 = A8O11

41. Which of the following statement(s) is incorrect?

(1) The electronic configuration of Cr is [Ar] 3d 54s1 (Atomic No. of Cr = 24)

(2) The magnetic quantum number may have a negative value

(Atomic number of Ag = 47)

Sol. Answer (4)

spin, hence total number of e– having clockwise spin

Total number of e– having anticlockwise spin = 23

ionic charge (ionic charge) 2

ionic charge ionic charge

Sol. Answer (3)

43. Out of following, which has the highest electronegativity?

44. According to Mulliken method, electronegativity is a function of

(1) Twelve (2) Eight (3) Six (4) Nine

Ga < Al < In < Tl

Objective Type Questions (More than one options are correct)

⎡55 Cs s block ⎡13 Al p block

⎡3 B p block ⎡22 Ti d block

2. The elements which belong to p-block is/are

Sol. Answer (2, 4)

Ga and iodine belong to p block.

3. Choose the correct statement/statements regarding Modern periodic table

Sol. Answer (2, 3, 4)

Actinoids are placed separately.

4. Which of the following pairs contain metalloids?

5. Which of the following elements belongs to 16th group?

(1) Se (2) Te (3) Ra (4) Cr

6. The correct statement about d block element is/are

7. Choose the correct statement(s)