INDICES AND SURDS Jobscaptain Before we proceed to exponents (In- dices) and surds, it is proper to learn about Real numbers. Number System Natural Numbers : These are the numbers (1, 2, 3, ....ete) that are used for counting. In other words, all positive integers are natural numbers. The least natural number is 1 but there is no largest natural number. The set of natural number is denoted Whole Numbers : The set of numbers that includes all natural numbers and the number zero are called whole numbers. The set of whole numbers is denoted byW Thus, W = (0, 1, 2, 3, } Note : Whole numbers are also called as “Non-negative Integers”. Integers : All the natural numbers, zero, i) (i) (iii) (iv) Not and the the negatives of natural numbers are called integers. T= f..005-3, -2,-1, 0, 1, 2, 3, Set of negative integers = (-1, ~ 3, Set of non-negative integers = (0, 1, BiG Set of positive integers = (1, 2,3 a Set of non-positive integers = {0, 1, 2,3. ‘0’ is definately a non-negative integer as well as a non-positive integer. Rational numbers : The numbers which can be expressed in the form of 2, where pand qare integers and q » 6(as6 q#0 are called rational numbers and their set is denoted by Q. 12 3 eg ge’ 7 ete. are rational numbers. ‘The set of rational numbers encloses the set of integers and fractions. Representation of Rational Numbers as Decimals : The decimal form of a rational number is either terminating or non-terminating. 17 21 Eig: 7-425, S=42 > terminating (or finite) decimal. Non-terminating + (or Recurring) decimal. Note: If the denominator of a rational number has no prime factors other than 2 or 5, then and only then it is expressible as a terminating decimal. Irrational numbers : The numbers which when expressed in decimal form are neither terminating nor repeating decimals are called “ Irrational numbers’. ¥2,V3,V50,V7, x ete e. Advance Maths- Where Concept is Paramount { i ] Scanned by CamScannerNote: The exact value of # isnot [> as is rational while 7 is irrational. 2 is the approximate value of x. Similarly 3.14 is not an exact value of O Real numbers : All rational and irrational numbers together form the set of real numbers, denoted by R Thus, every natural number, every whole number, every integer, every rational number and every irrational number is a real number. Note : () The sum (or difference) of a rational and an irrational number is irrational. e.g. (44V3)2-V5) Na} ete. are all irrational. The product of a rational and an irrational number is irrational, 8.4/3, -2V5 ete. are all irrational. O Ewen and Odd numbers : Integers divisible by 2 are called even numbers, while those which are not divisible by 2 are known as odd integers. Thus, ......, -6, -4, -2, 0, 2, 4, 6, are even integers. And, .. -S, -3, -1, 1, 3,5, .ete are odd integers. O Prime numbers : A number greater than 1 is called a prime number, if it has exactly two factors, namely 1 and itself. (ii) ete. 2,3, 5, 7, 11, 19, 23, 29, 31, 37, 4) 43, 47, 53, 59, 61, ete. . _ 2 is the only even number which ig prime. 0 Composite numbers : Composite numbers are the numbers greater than 1 which are not prime. eg. 4, 6,9, 14, 15, ete. Note: 1 is neither prime nor composite, There are 25 prime numbers between numbers 1 & 100. ‘Test for Prime Numbers : Let xbe a given number and let k be an Bg: integer very near to yx s.t. k>Vx, If x is not divisible by any prime number less than k, then xis prime, otherwise, it is not prime. E.g.: Check whether 571 is prime or not ? clearly, 24 > J571 So, we divide 571 by each prime number less than 24 which are 2, 3, 5,7,9, 11, 17. 19, and 23. we find that 571 is not divisible by any of them. So, 571 is a prime number. O Co-Prime Numbers : Two numbers are co-prime, if their H.C.F (Highest common factor) is 1. (2, 3), (3, 13), (5, 7) etc are co-prime numbers. Q Perfect Numbers : If the sum of divisors of a number excluding N itself is equal to N, then N is called a perfect number. » 28, 496, 8128 etc. For 6, divisors are 1, 2 and 3. 6:14+2+3=6 28:14+24+44+7+14=28 Note: The sum of the reciprocals of the divisors of a perfect number including that of its own is always equal to 2. Eg e-}-—___—___ ‘Advance Maths. Where Concept is Paramount Scanned by CamScanner© Simplification : In simplification an expression, we must remove the brackets strictly in the order (), {}, [] and then we must apply the operations : - Of, Divison, Multiplication, Addition and $ for Subtraction. © Remember : - ‘BODMAS’ where B stands for bracket, O for of ; D for division; M for multiplication, A for addition and S$ for Substraction strictly in this order. Note : ‘Of means multiplication. 0 Division Algorithm : - Dividend = (Divisor x Quotient)’ + Remainder 2. Moduls'or Absolute value : The absolute value of a real number X is denoted by the symbol |x| and is defined as - if x>0 , if x<0 0, if x=0 E.gs: 15] =5, [-5] =-(5)=5 Note: In multiplication and division, when both the numbers carry similar sign, we get positive sign in the result, otherwise we get negative sign in the result i.e. (+)x (+) (x Ox (+) Ox (= (4) ) |x| z 75 = 1 + Important terms : 1, Identity element of Addition ; 0’ (zero) is called identity element of addition as Addition of ‘O’ in any number does not affect that number. e.g. x+ 0 = x(xEQ) 2. Identity element of Multiplication : V’ is called identity element of multiplication as multiplication of ‘1’ in any number does not affect that number. eg. xx1=x 3. Inverse Element of Addition/ Negative element of Addition/ Additive Inverse : The number is called “Additive inverse” of a certain number, when it is added to the certain number and result becomes ‘0’ (zero). Eg. (i) x+ (= 0 Here (-x) is Additive’ inverse of x. (ii) (9) + (-9) is Additive inverse of 9” 4. Inverse Element of Multiplica- tion/Reciprocal Element/ Multiplicative Inverse : ‘The number is called “Multiplicative inverse” of'a certain number, when the product of number and multiplicative inverse isl. xxbel x 1 Here, ¥ is multiplicative inverse of ox Indices and Surds : + Let n be a positive integer and a be a real number, then : a (nfactors) a® is called “n® power of a” or “a raised to the power n” Advance Maths- Where Concept is Paramount —_—————] Scanned by CamScanneri d nis where, a is called the base ant called index or exponent of the power a, E.g. 3? = square of 3, 3° = cube of 3 ete. O Laws of Indices 1. a®x a*=a™™where a0 and (m, njel men +P. 2. am™xa™ xa? . = a! if m>n if n>m if'm=n 4. (amps am = (aye times 4 (q™)" 5. a™ =a™™ 6. (ab)"=a"b a " a” ~ (5) b#0 Remark : These rules are also true when n is negative or fraction. 10, aP/a = al/ax = (all p is positive integer, qz#0 =alexalax Ifthe index of a power is unit ( i.e.1) then the value of the power is equal to its base, ie. al=a,0'=0 @ = a™=a" >m=n whenas0 ,1 a™=b" >a=b o @ = Surd : If a is rational and n is a positive integer and gin_yz is irrational, then Yq iscalled a“surg of order n” or “n"* root of a” For the surd Ym, 7 is called the surd-index or the order of the surg and ‘2’ is called the radicand. The synbol ‘,{"’is called the surd sign or radical. E.g. /5 is a surd of order 2 or square root of S ¥6 is a surd of order 3 or cube root of 6. V5 is not asurdas 64,/5 is not a rational number. Note: Every surd is an irrational number but every irrational number is not a surd. + Inthe surd a¥/b , a and bare called factors of the surd. () A surd which has unity as its rational factor (i.e. a = 1) is called “pure surd”. 45, V2, ¥3 etc. A surd which has a rational factor other than unity, the other irratio- nal, is called “mixed surd’. e.g. 35, 2y7, sU7 If ¥q@ is a surd it implies : (i) ais a rational number. (ii) Yq is an irrational number. > Quadratic surd : A surd of order 2 (ie. J) is called a quadratic surd. : V2 = 2"? is a quadratic surd but V4 = 4/7is not a quadratic surd because./q = 2 is a rational number. Therefore /q is not a surd. fb ——————— Advance Maths- Where Concept is Paramount Scanned by CamScanner—+ Cubic Surd : A surd of order 3ie. Yq ) is called a cubic surd. E.g: ¥ is a cubic surd but¥/37 is not a surd because 97.3 is a rational number. > Quartic or Biquadratic surd : A surd of order 4 (ic, Ya) is called a quartic surd. B.g.: (5 is a quartic surd but Yay is nota quartic surd. Note : Each surd can be represented on the number line. Important Formulae Based on Surds: @ =a Gi) Yab=¥a.¥b a faa Ka _k fa fi) Yonge le TT & (iv) @) (vi) (vii) Wa="Ya = Wa (fa) =(ayr"" -(a")"" = vaxJa=a Vaxvb=Vab and ka xl" =kiNab =k" (viii) {a2b = avb (ix) (Wa+vb)P=a+b+2Vab @) (Wa-VbP =a+b-2Vab (xi) (Ja+Vb)xVa-Vb) = .a- b,where a and b are positive rational numbers. > Asurd is in its simplest form if : (i) ‘There is no factor which has n® power of a rational number, under the radical sign whose index is n, (i) (ii) There is no fracrtion under the radical sign, and The index of the surd is the smallest possible. Bg. The surd 4/3x.5* is not in its simplest form since the number under the radical sign has factor 5* s.t. its index is equal to the order of the surd, Its simplest form : xs -45.415* =(93)(6)=5. 48) Similar or like Surds : Surds hav- ing same irrational factors are called “similar or like surd” . + 3V3, V3, 2M, 43 etc.are similar surds O Unlike Surds : Surds having no-common irrational factors are called “unlike surds”. 33, 5v2, 6V7, etc, are unlike surds, ~ Comparison of Surds : (i) Iftwo surds are of the same order, then the one whose radicand is larger, is the larger of the two. Yi9>¥5, V7>V5, V9>V7 ete. Iftwo surds are of distinct order, we change them into the surds of the same order. This order is the L.C.M. of the orders of the given surds. E.g.: Which is larger /2 or 93 ? Sol. Given surds are of order 2 & 3 respectively whose L.C.M. is 6. Convert each into a surd of order 6, as shown below : (i) 13 2 =2N2 =223 93/6 —, (2 We =(9)* Yeas" 216 -(6)!/5 95 ‘Adoance Maths- Where Concept is Paramount {5 _] Scanned by CamScannerClearly, Y9>48, so, ¥3>v2 > Rationalisation of Surds : If the product of two surds is rational, then each of them is called the (R.F.) rationalising factor of the other. SVT x7 = SV 7x7 =5x7=35. ..V7 isa rationalising factor of 57 > _ Rationalising factor (R.F.) of the surd Ya is gr. > RFiofthesurd /@+Jb is Ja zvb- Be (B18) (6-2) = (8) -(a)’ =3-2-1 o\V3-v2)is a RF. of V34+V2 Note: The R.F. of a given surd is not unique. Some Useful Results : @ if y=yxtyetvrt. and x=n(n +1) then y= (n+ 1) Bg y=Vi2+Vi24V12+...0..00 (i) we have x= 12 = 3x4 = n(nt1) oyn4 (ii) if y=Vx-Vx-Jx-. 0 and x= n(n) . then y =n (i) Eg: y=VvVi2-vi2-Vi2 we have, x= 12 = 3x4 =n(n+1) y=. > Square-root of an Irrational num. ber: As we know that, (a+bj?= (a2+b?)+2ab Wae3P= 5 +2¥6 (a?sb4) Gab) =}—______ (ii) Scanned by CamScanner oh (10-237, ase nG-s1ae a= V2&bay ka +h = 1 se6-Wa4N3) a=V5+2V6 =Vis5 Examples: @) (743 =17_daxh ty ab & a?+b?=2?+ 3? =7 =(2-¥3)? =(2-¥3) s-sv7 for making it 2ab “5 by = Note :- In these type of questions there is maximum possibility of having answer '2'. For eg Q5,9m & 10 (you can observeit) Useful Result 4vab If x= va+Jb x+2Va x-2Va * 2Vab va+ Jb xtVa | x+Vb x= Va xp? x+2Vb x- 2b ~ if=x ‘Advance Maths. Where Concept is Paramount“oer Exercise LEVEL -1 8. 20+ Vid is equal to: 1. 2¥5 +415 -3V5 is equal to: (a) Vaz ©) 25 +218 (@) 6s ©) 3y5 () sv2 @ 240 © ws @ We gion jeans 9. The value of +—+° is: 2. x= Vi1+¥84+289, then x is equal . “ to: f@ 4 () 8 . - ) 2 () 20 (@) 16 c) (a) 8 243, mel 56x 5 & Pl sequal to: 10. eae is equal to: 1 8 = f@) 5 ) 19 fa) ©) 46 (c) 25 (a) 95 (© 16 @ i 11. The value of x in BES? (OF is: 4. If Jx=12.3/123, the value of xis : i fa) 0.1 b) 1 @ 5 ®1 (c) 10 (@) 0.01 1 © 5 @ 2 5. The value of a 12. If x= 81, then 4x -4/y is equal to : (a) 3-V8 () 3+2v2 iy, O33 () 3+2N8 @ 3 . . (© 40 @ 33 6. The value of (32)°*x (32) is: * 13. The least prime number is : 1 (a) 0 1 fe) A. © 2 @ 3 { 14. Which of the following is a correct () 4 @; statement : (a) Sum of two irrational numbers r Si is always irrational. ey” (2) (22) (b) Sum of rational and an irratio- 7. The value of 31 9 216) ** nal number is always rational. eter coer (6) Square of an irrational number © Zs Se is always rational. (@) Sum of two rational numbers can 16087 never be an integer. () oes" ()_ None of these Adoance Maths- Where Concept is Paramount ——_________{7_] Scanned by CamScanner15. 16. 18. 20. Ifnis a natural number, then Jn is: {a) always a natural number (b) always a rational number (c) always an irrational number number. 3/8 (35) ema 8 a a) = Oy 4 9 © > @ sy . Which is largest amongst ¥4,¥3,and V2 ? @) V2 b) © @ can't be determined The value of fr-2 9 is : x11 (a) 2 oO 3 ©) 9 @u V7+5 7-5 (Fe aig oma: (a) 247-35 ©) 27 +3¥5 () 12 @2 217+148+1256 =? (@) 14 ) 16 () 144 @ 15> - ¥1.21-V01 is equal to : (a) 0.99 1 © Viz @ 82 22. (24. If J0.04% 0.4% a = 0.4% 0.046, then a... ais (a) 0.016 ©) 0.16 () 1 @ 16 [081 x.484 _, \o0eab.25~? (a) 9 ) 09 () 99 (d) 0.99 3 The value of 75-55 is: 1 3 @) io ©) io 1 @ 10 |. Which one is smallest ? ¥3,92,V2 and. @) 3 ) Ya ©) 2 @ V2 . If V15 =3.88, then 5/3 is: (a) 1.68 (b) 1.59 () 1.43 (@) 1.29 zap org = (21), then value of xis: (@) 8.83 (b) 1.54 (©) 9.32 (@) 1.89 v24 + 216 96 $s 5 f@) 16 © IF 5 @ 155 (4) None of these et ‘Advance Maths- Where Concept is Paramow™t Scanned by CamScanner29. If 3» = 81, thenn =? 37. (a) 2 ) 4 ©) 6 (@) 8 30. The value of ¥/9,900064 is : (a) 0.02 (b) 0.2 () 2.0 @ None of these a, Wert, ti S ey 38. fa) 3 b) 5 () 7 @ 9 92. (gah op (a) 3 () 3° 1 1 39. © 3 @ 5 33. If {2x-7 -3=0, the value of xis : (a) 8 () 250 (c) 120 (@) 125 on 34. The value of expression : py (bte-a) -_¢ y(c#a-b) gy (atb-0, y>0 (b) x> Oand y<0 (co) x0 (@) All of these . If 415695 = 125, find 156.25+-J1,5625-V0.015628* (a) 13.625 (0) 13.6 () 125 (@) 2.375 Advance Maths- Where Concept ts Paramount {3 ] Scanned by CamScanner44. Ifa,b are rationals and a2 +by3 = 58 + /108 — /48 —/72 then the values of a, b are respectively : (a) 2,3 () 1,2 () 143 @ 2,1 45. Find the value of 1 i s+ yl, V3 V3+3 V3-3 @) ey ©) avs () 6 @ 3 46. Find the value of 49, Jo/ai is: (a) 9 (b) 11 () 7 @ vii 72x V363xV175, 47. The value of W222 363x178 V¥32x 147x250 'S? 55 5 @ = oS 45 45 © @ 3 48. If /4" = 1024, then the value of nis: fa) 5 ) 8 () 10 @ 12 49, (xt) (net) (a ep fa) 0 (e) 1 © x xt sre 50. If 5/5 x5°+5 /25%?, thena=9 (a) 4 ) 5 () 6 @ 8 Scanned by CamScanner 51. 52. 53, 54, 5 to: (a) (c) u(2 -2 -1 1 For what value(s) ofa x+2Vx-+a g perfect square ? (a) {c) gts 18 1 5 ¥5+¥3 mad Hane y) equals : (@) 8 (c) Which of the following numbers is the ais wt @ > EB beats (%) 16 (@) 25 +3) least (0.5)", Y0.49, ¥0.008, 0.23 (a) {c) BB BAB (a) (¢) . By (0.5) 0.008 [eee- ¥3-V2 26 23 how () Jo.49 (@) 0.23 | simplifies to : 0) ave @) 3/2 much does (/i2 + Ji8) onceed (2/3 4249) 9 (a) () 2 v2 0) V3 @ 3 ‘Advance Maths: Where Coneept is Paramount87. 59. If 2x = Bes a. FS the vn of xis (a) 6 (b) 30 ©) Vis (@ 15 If J3 =1.732, the value of 3+V6 “ee 5V3 - 2v12 - (32 + J50 “** (a) 4.899 (b) 2.551 () 1.414 (@) 1.732 (iP? x@P7 The value of en? xy 8 (a) 3 (b) 6 () 9 @ 82 . The largest among the numbers (0.1), V0.0121 , 0.12 and J0.0004 is: (a) (0.17 ©) J0.0121 (c) 0.12 @) 0.0004 LEVEL - 2 If 3* - 3*-! = 18, then the value of 2 is: fa) 9 () 16 © 3 @ 8 Ifa*=b*=c*and b?=ac, theny is equal to: 2: 2 3 i Ifa*=b, bY=candc*=a, then xyz equals : 1 (a) abe (0) obo () 1 (@ None of these The square root of 34 J is: 31 301 Cary Oo E fa ff Oe = Bae ‘The square root of 7420 is: (a) 5 +42 () V3 +5 (©) Vo+V1 (@) 245 Advance Maths- Where Concept is Paramount —______{11 ] Scanned by CamScannerA 11, 12. 13. 14, 15. V20 +¥204+/204....... co =? (a) 2 () 3 (c) -4 @s5 Vo.Javdatse <2 (a) 3 () 4 () -3 @ -4 35 a Ie yl+ 5 1+, then the value of xis: (a) 1 () 3 () 5 (a) 7 . If x? = 4224, then : (a) 64b>c () a) () 2 @ =}—_—_————4aoance Maths. Where Concept is Paramount Scanned by CamScanner23. The simplified value of 30. fF ff=i.732, the value of he a ik 2+ Ve-3 V6+W2* Zale @) 26 (b) 0 1 @ @ % © 8 24. The value of j (28 +1048)" - (7-43) : (4 Os fa) -3 0) 23 @ 3 a0 31. x= Ra FP then the value oo 4-7 1 25, Simplified value of Eo pis sar gal a) 4.899 (b) 2.551 tf) W7+1) 1 1414 (@ 1.732 ) 2 @% 32, Given that Ye .s¥* and 4{s¥ =, then find the value of 2x y: 26. Find the value of [72 + (72+ /72-+..00 * (a) 2 ® 3 ioe () -3 @ 5 h2—fi2—Vi2 fa) 3 0) 2 33. If ef) Wr 1, then the © 9/4 @ 8/3 eS eee 27. Ifp=a',q= a", (p’q*}'= a’, then xyz=? value of xis : (a) 0 (b) pg? a) 5 (b)3 1 © tq @1 (0) 25 (4) 35 28. Which one of the following is the °* Evaluate largest ? Jn +Vi2 +479 -—4 _-81: (a) 32 () 25 ¥5-¥3 (©) 6v3 @ 37 (a) 2 o) 3 1.11 () 0 @) 2wW2 29, If = 37 = 6%, then [ty t 7 Jis equal to: 3s, 2, 1 aD simplifies to : fa) 1 ) 0 ' 518 b-B @ -+ @: (a) V5 +6 (b) 25 +16 2 © V5 -V6 (@) 25 -3v6 Advance.-Mathe: Where Conceptis Paramount ——_________[14 Scanned by CamScanner36. 37. 39. 40. fj Scanned by CamScanner 2} a Weng Bs ais Then we have : (a) a-9 (o) a<18butaz9 (c) a>18s The value of Ng teeny (ae Fes eet 1 a rarer] (a) J120 () 7V3 +12 =? fa) #3@+43) © e+) 9n32.3"-Q7 1 30" 3 “oT If 8 value of (m - n) is : (a) () V10 +2V6 +210 +2Vi5 is equal to: 1 B (@) (2+ -45) ) () @ (B+8 (On (Bias ~2) -8) 4) 41. 42. 43. 45. Pia ll. weg aT +, then the value of ais 11 _4 f@ 3 3 -N7 oF @3 a2 3,6 Jers Vo+v2 V3+s2| is simplified to : (a) 0 (b) 1 (©) 3 @ Ve vitx_, Vix = & nen Ifx- > then Ty ex 1-Jix is eual to: (@) 1 0) 2/8 (©) 2-v3 (@ 2 . If J2 = 1.414, the square root of v2-1. Yar1 is nearest to: (a) 0.172 () 0.414 () 0.586 @ 1.414 Th e value of Se daa is: (@) Vé-V2 ©) Ve+V2 © 6-2 @ 2-6 46. Arrange the following in descending order :¥4,/3,93,45 : @) Y4>9>/2>93 ©) W>4>93>V/2 ©) V2>93>¥4>45 @ V5 95> 40 Al duance Maths. Where Concept is Paramoutt47. The greatest number among 15, 94,92,98 is: Ff ) va 0 o @ 8 48. Jeaeff vie _6v? is equal to: 1 @ + Og . 1 1 i. 5 5 49, The largest among the numbers M7 B18 — 5,5 V7 ATH i: @) V7-J5 ) V5-V3 (©) V9-V7 @ Vi-v9 50. If ¥7¥7747...... = (343), then yis equal to : 2 @ 3 (o) 1 4 3 @ 3 @z 1 1 1 5. Te aes ae 1 Teo adiog 8 equal to: (a) 10-99 ) J2-10 () 7 @) 9 5-2 52. 16 x= 3B, then a # xi: (a) asurd (}) arational number but not an integer (c) an integer (@) an irrational number but not a surd 1 1 If + =3, the value of xo + Fis: 53. (a) 123 (b) 126 () 113 (@) 129 24V3 2-V3 = b=—— 54, a= Se and b= 57, then the value of (a? + b? + ab) is : (a) 185 () 195 (9 200 (@ 175 pa =F Bt hem ty 55. FO" ey va"” Va-va ene 2 value of +7 is: (a) 900 (&) 970 (c) 1030 (@) 630 56. If x=2+¥3, then the value of Jer is: x @) V3 ) V6 (©) 26 (a) 6 87. If xo then the value of vitx+Vi-x is: aby @) ©) 23 () V3 @ 2 58. 6+ J6+J61..... is equal to: (a) 2 h) 5 () 4 @ 3 ‘Advance Maths- Where Concept is Paramount —_________[18 ] Scanned by CamScannerLEVEL - 3 (-) @ FY 1. The value of 3391402 + 20-1442 2 is: 1 (a) 20 (b) 4 © 5-7) () 6 (d) 14 V5+1, 5-1 zW7- 48) 2 If a= = d = (c) eee a fa 2 LV +5 2.236, then the vatue of S "2225 @ a ) ia — 6) 06 7. If a=v3+/3+43 ©, then f) 133 (a) 1.66 which of the following is true ? ( a=3 (b) 33 (a) 2(")/ =3! -—+ + | a xt x ee . n ie leper lea erPastataa ans8 at xP x x x 30.(b) ¥V0.000064 = 370.008 = 0.2 31.(a). Given Exp. = yar (2)? = "at =3 fp (7) (ash cqeaeny 37.(a) The given Exp. = 32.(e) (-3) 9 = (-3) 1a a 323 nel = (3)"7 (-2)ous . 8) -(3) =(9)"") 38.(c) Given Exp. 2x42 +2Vx—2 = 3yx+2-3Vx-2 Advance Maths. Where Concept is Paramount —_________fi9] Scanned by CamScanner= sJe—2 = Jet? squaring both sides, 25 (x- 2) = (x+ 2) => 24x=52 52 3 6r= = =13 4 1 39-0) 3 2115-119 =1331 sa? -331a =a (a-331) =1331 (1331-331) = 1331x1000 = 1331000 x, fx_10 x+y _ 10 + fu = xy =3 >xy=9 4L(q) 27-97-97 = 2722 21- 1) = 27(1)=97 42.(a) For the expression to hold true, x and y should both be positive. 43.(a) 156.25 + v1.5625 - 0.015625 — [15625 , 15625" _ [15695 ~ ¥ 100 10000 ¥1000000 125 125 125 = 12.5 + 1.25 - 0.125 = 13.625 44.0) avB + V3 = J49%5 + SERS = a2 +3 =i + 68-45 65 = ad +5345 45.(d) 1 1 B-v3) 1 bag 3+ 5° 6.43) 6-3) 3-8 BR = avd =V2 > a=1 and b¥3=35 =>b=2 hencea=1, b=2 Given Exp. 23+ +Gb-W3)-G 6448) 46.(c) /40+VoV81 = 40+ Vox = Jaog5 =V40+9 = 49 =7 47.(a) Given Exp. VBx3x2x2%D x Vil x11x3 xV5x5x7 XBX3 x2 2x2 x VIL X11 x3 xV5 «5x7 V4x4x2 xVT xT RS xVOx2x3x3xT — N2x1W3 x5V7 _ 6 xI1x5_55 2x73 x6N7 4x7x6 28 48.(c)/4" =(1024) = (4n)¥/? =1024 [8] se ae. “n=10 49.(b) Given Exp, x@+00-9, y(evale-a x” +i b) “8 = xt? ye SP ety ty ==] bey Advance Maths. Where Concept is Paramount Scanned by CamScanner«. 0-49 > (0.5) > 0.23 > {0.008 50.(a) Given Exp: _ B+8 B-B ida 55.(0) Expression = "> a5 352"? 53/2 502 ee 59/2 53/2 gat? _(8+2) - (v3 - v2) aie se? (¥3+¥2) (vS-2) wentsS Sent 3+2+2V6-3-2+2V6 SrayS get aay 51.(c) (3) (3) -(3) (given) 35 73! . (5) (3) 56.(c) J12 + VI8 = V3x2x2+V2x3x3 3y° _(3y"" =2¥3 +3y2 “9-0 58 2-3=2x-132x=-25x=-1 eee ee 520) x45 VE +a" = (Vx) +20K2+ (ay 57.44) z= S28 3-N5 ‘ ; B-8 rh Clearly a=. _ (WS +3) -5 -3F . W543) 05 +3 ” 1 Then, expression -(& +3) ANB B «ae saa) x= 28418, +8 _ (5+ vay Ne =2ViS bxe15 WW V5-¥3 5-358.) Expression pale 8 “3 eS a2 V3 +50 Similarly, _ M523 1g ag "SB -42 58 aS _ 316 _ W543) axty=44+ 15 +4-V15 =8 Bak eae 54.(c) (0.5)? = 0.25, 9.49 =0.7 = V3 =1.732 ¥0.008 =0.2, 0.23 = 0.23 Advance Maths- Where Concept is Paramount —___ anensaoae aE Scanned by CamScannerLEVEL - 2 ! 27 ‘on = 8x0) cetei8 59.(c) EB n= 8 fa) 3 (0) Expression = Tag 1) eg 36,(q2)27 glt4ya4 in i 4 ="3 168. (1-5 =18=>3 z)=8 (3*) +2x3 3168x3 way ai, ginning Fic git 3227-38 [ie } oo xo3 2 x2=37=9 warner 2b) Leta’ = bY=ct=k SHAS 318 gaits og? o a. Sy =“year 7 give 79 =37=9 then, @=k*, b=kY ande=y! ‘Alternatively: Now, b? = ac (7) x9)” 972x927 999 = (elf = (et). (*) 999-89 29 60.(c) “@.1 7 =0.01 0.0121 = ¥0.11x0.11=0.11 0.0004 = 0.02 sya 2 3.0) a=c? =(F =b" =a Sxyz-1 4.(a) eG = IB 5)aa = 25 - [eRe | [et 2 2 ~i8 8. fr $0) rx a0 = \742x dan WEY = 818 22 }+—__________,, : Maths. Where Concept is Paramount Scanned by CamScanner1_ (a +va) 784 7 —_ % Sif) f+ eae Ze 1+ ) Yo-Ve V9-J8 (Vo+va) : 729 ~'* 97> V729 +18 2%, % oud kox-1 ae 9 8 27 OT 27 OT (oF -VaF Similarly, 10.(a) Clearly, 65?= 65x 65 = 4225 :. xlines between 64 and 65. a a8 17, 1 FE x= orlo+ Ver. &6 = n(n +1) V8 -V7 Fe vo 4 2.x=n+1=3 — (for tive sign) =V6+V5 and s 12.{c). 2" + 2"3 = 2560 - 5-8 % W5-Ja => 2.21 + 2.23 = 2560 V5 +V4 => 2*(2 +23) = 2560 = 2*(10) = 25 Given Expression = +8)-(iE V7) +07 +8) - (V6 + V5)+ (V5 + V4) =(V9+V4)-3+2-5 74d) Let x=920+4/20 +120 +... =x? =204+x=x?-x-20=0 => (x-5)(x+4=0)=> x=5 or -4 But the given expression is positive hence its value can not be negative. :, value of the expression = 5 Short-cut - x= 720+20+V20+.. but > 20=4x5=n(n+1) (for +ive sign) 8b) let x= 24124 V2 Feo but > 12=3x4=n(n+ 1) =n+1=4 (for= tive sign) xen+1=5 => 2*= 256 =(2)* > x=8. 13,6) 8=W8—W7)« we $e ten 1 1 Similarly, b=—=—= a1 — Tie Vers .a denominator of b > denominator of ec] 14.() o(4.032)? - (3.9687 = 9(4.032 + 3.968) (4.032 3.968) = ¥8x0.064 = 92° x (0.4 =2x0.4=08 15d) 19-17=2,13-11=2,7-5=2& 5-3-2 smallest surd = 19 — Ji7 greatest surd = 5 — J} Alternatively : - (vio + vi7) 5 AEF = (08 =) eh Advance Maths- Where Concept is Paramount ___________ faa]: Scanned by CamScannera “ts 5423 _ “FeaF wre) 2 5x28 =at+bv3 % Similarly, ¥I3 -Vil == _, 5+ 2N3 (7 48))_ as Tals (743 JAR 2 ae a _, 35-2008 +14V3~24 Booed andi — 82-2 (oP -ey 88 V5 + Ea . 11-613 sag ». largest surd = /§ — J because its 49248 7 de inator is the allest. jenominator is the smalles a5 ee 16a) Janis = exavis abeac6 18.(a) Let x=V6V6V6.......00 Scanned by Canasta squaring both sides,axt= 6 , at (68) as >x=68 Ve -J3 * (Vo +3) e+ 2 Shortcut :- ee Ste Bo (v6-v2) “67 “6F “68 tox Where n= no. of terms (6-2) = 18 - 12 + 12 + V6 - Vi8 + V6 20.(a) Let x= 29 J20-Ja0 and 20=n(n+1)=4x5 =2/6 .xens4 (for -ve sign) . a 21(e) Denominator «fo+fai+jas- 7 Given Exp. (28+25xv3))- v5 -V80 (7-2x2«y8)" = 10 +25 +2V10 - V5 - 45 7a Pel ns (5? + (Sf +2518) $10 +5. -(2 (af -2x2 8)” Given Exp. = + x aio Vi0 + ¥5) a2 aye 48 M8 [eF]" [eT = 3.162 +2.236 =(6+V3)--v3)" =5.398 22.(c) By rationalising each term, =54V5 a oven top, Est En, Pda 8, Bf rE" Bd fs a . =5+V3 -2+V8)=5-2=3 = 92-14 VB - V2 + V4 VB tose w+ 8 -V7 +19 - 18 25.) Ja—J7 = =V9-1=3-1=2 «(6 ea 23a) Given Exp. = 55 * (SB) _ |W7-f 7-1 2 v2 Advance Maths- Where Concept is Paramount SY] Scanned by CamScanner29,o) Let 2*= 37= 6F =k 3axv7 = 2=kis => 6=k™ i) i multiplying (i) and (ii) 3 =S+e ss 1 v2 v2 2 V2 6= x Pe from (iii) & (iv) +v7f _3+v7_ 3 (7-2-1 Given Exp, = 1—_/" = aap 3307 yg 3+i-4 v2 _v7-1 asfal 4 , Vra1 30d) Given Exp. 26.(a) Since 72 =9x8 3+ 2x3 [> FOE 5V3 -2V4x3 -J16x2 +2555 Scanned byheefseantvan. 172 +J72 +... -9 Pee& {5° - V3 | =i! ogi? sit (gay? = SMS a gil , from (i) and (i) 383 232 se boay3 33.b) Given Exp. (x- VOx4) (V25x3 + V25x2) =1 Visx3 - J25x2 (x= 208) 5(JF+ V2) 3-48)! (+v2)_, (4-2) V3 -V2_ VB -V2 it NO = (3-2) 2x1 35-26 sx=5 34.) Given Exp =V5%4 +V4x3 +999 - = (x-2v6) 5 ey =2¥5 +2V3 +9-2(V5 + V3)-9 =0 Advance Maths- Where Concept is Paramount Scanned by CamScanner *as-2 4 v5 -V3 : teva (5 35,6). Given Exp. = 7g * i-f (V5 +¥3) W5— 5 *(V5+¥3) = BBN +8 8-0-6 ] (3-4) 5-43) 5-8” =1[ 25-216] 2 =V5-V6 aot) 860) 2" 9-8 3-Ve 4—Jis =a=2+13+3+V8+4+V15 [by rationalising] 3 a=94+V3+V8+V15 Now, V3 =1.732, V8 = 2V2 =2x1.414 = 2.828, & V15 =3.87 2.4 =9+1.732 +2.828 +3.87 =17.43<18 37.(d) Given Exp. ve Pea ey + 1 4-98) | Vans) We (Miai+ Via0) * (rat -Vi20) +(Vi2i - /120) =V121-1 = 11-1=107-2 _V7-2 7-2 38. (a) (air anions = 45) 41.00) Jeno W742 V7~9 = Wa(7 +2x2xV3; _Wi-2f 744-47 7-4 3 2 = [B22 «(Gy +2«2%5) (8) u_ 47 “3°°3" = W3(2+V3) 3 V7-2 + zav7+b =W3e+43) ayy = (e+) we 39.(a) Given Exp: P2373 7 =aN7 +b S*9238 3. 1 say Clearly, 4 11 gng-3% 4 a=—Zand be sm x8 42.(a)_ Expression = = 320-1) _ 5-5 - 3/2 43 ar 38 Ves Vex? B+ = 33eim _ 3-3 =>3n-3m=-3 = 32 _ Ve -V3__ 48 sn:m=-1 Ve VE e+ =>m-n=1] Je -V5 7 BO 40. (d) x Ey see. Ve-V2 "V5 +2 3-2 Expression = Yi0+ av6 + 210 + 25 [Rationalising the respective ee =¥10+2x12 «V3 + 2x2 x15 42x13 xe arene . [feeenerm 32(Jo-V5) (6-8) 12 x V5 +2xV3 x45 6-3 622 WBE » (FP axioe, se 2x V2 xJ5 +2xV3x/5 ~V2\6 ~ J8)- (6 — 2). Jali5-8) “WAS BF Boag “VB V6 Ji « Jey fe _f-0 Way DT Poets Dt + Dab + 200 4 = Advance Maths. Where Concept is Paramount Scanned by CamScanner43.(0) x-8 (e-f = (2-17 wdiex = fia - [2448.2 ya - Wren fea Pees = fe ef aa =1Ja+2N3 =1.414-1=0.414 2 $= 36 - /24 +24 - vi6 Nea’ -LipeF 0 sea 2 ot ee = SV? + (8h +2x1xV8 leciat “\evdae Vendor -1 evap - Bt . -[ 2. | 2 _ 5-26 2 beh 2 “V5+2¥6 \5+2V6 5-2V6 - V3-1 Similary, v1- x =*—— - _-, (128)13 > (64)i9 > (9)i8 01,14 >¥5 > /2>93 Advance Maths- Where Concept is Paramount Scanned by CamScanner50.(c) Let rds = 47.(c) LCM of the orders of the surds : LCM of 2, 3, 5 and 7 = 210 - (= . # On squaring both Sides, = 7X . => xx-7)=0 >x=7 7 = (79p4= 7-3 S3y- 3=1> 3y=4 ait a SL 1 va-M Fy 3 =V2-1 ~The largest number = 52 = /5 Eat" “aed loop WI 48a) Expression :. Expression =V2-14V3-V2+V4 54. “Wereh - lio oF +105 98 4100 op =V100 -1=10-1=9 i v7 : ¥9+742x307 ~Vor7 ange ou 1a 82 (OI seas of 4 542° (V5—2)" “5x4 “CiF)-B-F) 3e07 a0 2 = 9-4 49.(b) : Fe 8a 8). 9445 fe (9) (48) =| V7 +15 FE Similarly, = 2 S-Sa— ie -. 2 ite vi1- Bre ets xt L -[e +4]- -2 Largest number = yg _ ig = (622) ~ 2 103682 (whole numbet) because its denominator is the smallest. $8) x4 4b 3K a (tet) x Boy 2 Advance Maths. Where Concept is Paramount Scanned by CamScannera? +b? 4ab =a? +b? + 2ab-ab 7_2=37-2=7 zeros = teh i = 196 - and x? ++—> =a? —3a=3? —3x3=18 =195 ¥3-y2 V3 BSW ea blfe 55.0 ane 7 SFo3 =18x7-3 =5-2N6 eae and b= 234%? 21 5.046 54,0) aati, Bedi 443th ¥3-v2 8 2-8 245 [ 5? Qv6F =1] =1443 1 es es, satbeats=10 a? b?_ 3,1 -1) a?+bA¢ab=a?+ Now, Sta "8 +aF ( = iy 1 nate ap elel-l -(a+4) -{a+4) =noy*- -(e+ a) = (10) ~3*10 a’ . =970 1? 56. (bt) x=2+3 -(ar4) =a a =(a+b)-1 =(7+4¥3 +7 -4V3) -1 =(14P -1 =196 -1=195 Alternatively :- ate =24+18+2-J3 +2 ab = (7+ 443) (7-43) a6 = 0F- (4/3) wet Advance Maths- Where Concept is Paramount —_________f31] Scanned by CamScanner1 2,(c) Clearly, b=— 57.(c) re W5 +1, (v8 +1) 3 Now, a = ‘re RE fitx= re Wenn (es) ae b St +3 [arava Similarly, a + Ba ox + VIRx Scanned by cAfisdapal1 _ L = ax+2\x+2/x+2Vax = Integer for this, first of all, 3x should be an integer only (b) and (d) satisfy this requirement. Ifx= 12, then 3x =6 Then the next point at which we need to remove the square root sign = /x42V3x = Ji2+2x6 = a4 = Irrational no. hence, x# 12, now check the expression for x = 3, then we get LHS = RHS. 2x2xV5xVB x _ V5 +3 ws V5+V3 3 Xe 23 ie Geis 25 ¥20 W5+V3 °° Vi2 ~ e+ V8 Applying compodendo & dividendo _x4¥20 _3V3+V5 __ 3V3 + V5 “x-V20 23 5.(c) X= ¥3-¥5 0 V5-V3 4 xtvia_ 3438 Similarly, 5 VE x+V20 | x+ Vi2 x—¥20 x-V12 -3¥3 —V5 + V3 +3V5 * 5 3 248-205 a ENA (5-8) BS 6(c) x=5-V21=5-V3N7 Mia Ba - [eB 10-2.V3.V7 2 Waef 8 v2 v2 V32-2x = ¥32-10+ 221 = ¥2242x1x Jal = ¥(1+ 21) =1+21 7-13 7(a) Given Exp: a=V3+a >a? =3+a>a?-a-3=0 au itvivi2 _1+ a ai = 3 <0 not possible) a _1+Vi3 143.6 _ 4.6 o oe 28 a) 2° 2 n2 @) The solutions of the equations Bemytl _2x+y42 _3x42yt] fer 3 5 6 (a) x=2,y=1 (b)x=1Ly=l ()x=-ly=-1 — (d)x=1,y=2 Advance Maths- Where Concept is Paramount ——_____a7] ‘Scanned by CamScanner10. Ifx+ 2y<3,x> O andy > 0, then one of the solutions is: (a) x=-1,y=2 =ly=l eure 25 paise and 10 A purse contains . paise coins. The total amount in the purse is 78.25. If the number of 25 paise coins is one- third of the number of 10 paise coins in the purse, then the total number of coins in the purse : (a) 30 (b) 40 {c) 45 (a) 60 ‘The value of k for which the system of equations x+ 2y=5, 3x+ ky + 15= O has no solution, is : ( x=2y=1 @ x=0,y=0 (a) 6 (b) -6 (c) 2 @4 ‘The equations 2x - 5y = 9 and 8x - 20y = 36 have : (a) no common solution (0) exactly one common solution (c) exactly two common solutions (@) more than two common solutions The difference between two numbers is 5 and the difference between their squares is 65. The larger number is : (a) 9 (o) 10 () 11 @ 12 The number of solutions of the equations xia and 2xy - 3y = -2 is: (a) 0 ©) 2 1 (@) None of these = }_—_——______ Exercise LEVEL - 3 1f2"+ 3° = 17 and 2"? - 3%! =5, then. fa) a-2,b-3 0) aoe () a=2,b=-3 @) a=3,b=2 The solution to the system of equations [x+ yl= land x- y= 0 is given by: i aye! Y= (b) x (a) x=. (c) xeystorx-y=- (@) x=1,y=0 “ Maths- Where Concept is Parma Scanned by CamScannerHints and Solution: LEVEL - 1 1a) 11x- 13 =-2x+78 => 1lx+2x=78+13 => 13x=91 91 =—=7 SxnG 2.(c) Putting y= x+ 3 in 2x+ 3y = 29, we get, 2x+ 3(x+ 3) = 29> 2x+ 3x+9=29 => S5x=29-9=20 >x= 5 3.(b) Putting x= -2 in 2x + 3y=5, we get; -4 + 3y=5=>3y=54+4=9 4.4) Given equations are : 3x4 4y=5 x+2y=2 (il) (i) - 2x (i): x= 5-4 <. from (ii) 2y=2-x=2-1=1>y xtyeteted 3 5.(d) 2x+ 3y = 12 3x-2y=5 ()x 2 + (ii)x3, we get ; x= 3 putting x= 3 in (i), we get 2x 3+3y = 12 => 3y=6 >y=2 2 x=3andy=2 6.{a) The equations are consistent if Alo & c ie. ad= be 7.0) 2x y= 5 xt 2Qy=4 On solving we get, x= 2, y= 1 Thus (b) is true LEVEL -2 1.(b) Let cost of 1 saree = zx & cost of 1 shirt 2x+ 4y = 16000 «0 and x+ 6y= 16000 2...) Multiplying (ii) by 2 and substracting (i) from it, we get, 8y= 16000=> y= 2000 :. cost of 12 shirts = (z 2000x 12) = ¢24000 2.(4) For a unique solution, we must have a ah a,b, Erg oke( 6d) oke3 6 -2 2 3.(a) = 2v= fg =29 Sathye = us aod x-yod (i) - Gi) 2y=0 => y=0 Bx-y+]_2x+y+2 4.0) —3— $ => 5(Bx-y+1)=3(2x+y+2) (i) 3x-ytl 3x+2y+1 6 = 2(3x-y+ 1) = (3x+2y+ 1) = 9x-8y=1. and Advance Maths- Where Concept ts Paramount ———————{39 ] Scanned by CamScanner=> 3x-4y= (i) - 2 Gi goxel “6x. 8y + 8y= 1-2) (@-6)x- By gx1-8y=1 putting x= 1 in (i) we Bet =sy-8>y=1 .xelyel . 5c) ae a will go through options. in option (a) x< 7 and in option (d) x= ence a and (d) can’t be the required answer because both does not satisfy the given condition i.e. x >0. Now option (b) x= 2, y= 1, then x+2y= 2+ 2(1) = 4 which is > 3 clearly, values of option (b) do not satisfy x+ 2y<3 option (c) x= 1, y= 1, then x+ 2y = 1+ 2= 3<3 So x=1, y = 1 is one of the solutions. 6.4) Let the number of 25 paise coins be x & that of 10 paise coins be y, then: 25 10 T00** 70047825 = 5x+ 2y= 165. @ 1 and x=5y=>y=3x (i) putting y= 3xin (i), we get : 5x+ 6x= 165 > 11x= 1655 x= 15 . from (ii), y= 3x= 3% 15 = 45 Total number of coins in the purse =x+y=15+45=60 74a) a,x+ b,y+c,=0 a,x + by +c, = 0 will have no soe HB 1 2 solution if —~=—+#—l>-.*_) a bye) 3 RRO 8.) ‘The given equations are 2x - 5y = 9 f}—__ Scanned by CamScanner and 8x- 20Y =36"=> 2x. sy. Thus, there is one equation ; variables. So, the given equa, have an infinite numpe solutions. or (a) Let the numbers be x an tl x-y=Sand 2-=65 oY. Then, FS esyoy y 5 solving x- y= 5 and x+ y=13, y, get; x=9andy=4 larger number = 9 I 1 xt++=2>—=2-x2y= 1044) #427 and 2xy- 3y=-2 = yl2x- 3) = ---(ii) putting y= 5—— in (i) 2x-3 2-x gives 1-0 This is impossible So, there is 10 solution. LEVEL - 3 1.(b) 2° + 3%= 17 and 262. Bde = 5 => 22.28 3,3°5 => 4.28-3.3%=5 let 2° = x & 3°=y then xt+y=17. Hy 4x- 3y=5 ii 3x (i) + Gi), we get x= 56 x= 822-8577 ja = 3. putting x = 8 in (i), we get Y=17-8=9=3°=9= 95 -2 => 2x - 3 = -4 + 2x this "Advance Maths. Where Concept 1 Param