Writing for differen

t
text types :
argumentative
Presented By G
roup 3
 our team

Nazirah Safiyah Iman Farah Hazif Iqbal

definition
An argumentative text is one of the most common types
of text and is characterised by trying to persuade the
reader of an idea by providing arguments. Writing such
a text is a common task in language-learning, and is
widely used as an assessment tool in official exams.
Normally, specific guidelines have to be followed,
although these may change according to the context.
The general features of an argumentative text are:
It champions a specific position.
It offers data and arguments to defend that
position.
It takes opposing arguments into account, and
discusses these.
It can deal with a wide variety of topics.
 Types of
argumentative
text
 Scientific texts
The essential characteristic of scientific texts is that are
based on facts and data, that is to say, their arguments
are developed through a solid empirical knowledge.
That is, they are supported by proven or demonstrable
facts, and also by statistical data.
Within this type of texts we find as examples scientific
articles, research reports, dissertations, etc.
 Newspaper texts
In argumentative journalistic texts the purpose is the same,
persuade the reader to share an idea or reject it.
Normally, a more biased point of view is adopted here than in the
scientific text, and the importance of creating an understandable
narrative outweighs the importance of exposing hard data.
Examples of this type of text are critical reviews like a review of
cinema, music, gastronomy and letters from readers like where
they state their opinion on an issue.
 Legal texts
Legal or judicial texts may be intended to prevent the
reader from taking legal action against the issuer, or to
change some type of statement, revoke an accusation, etc.
Legal texts usually expose a series of conditions or
restrictions in relation to some type of action.
Examples of this type of text : judgments, statements,
appeals, judicial notifications, etc.
 Oral discussions
Oral debates when they take place within a formal
context, have an argumentative text behind them
that supports them.
Oral discussions They can be carried out in
opinion forums, for example, on television as part
of a political campaign, etc.
 How is an
argumentative
text structured ?
 INTRODUCTION :

Give a simple explanation about the subject so readers

can understand the context
Introduction presents the thesis, which is the main idea
argued for in the text.
In the introduction, you should provoke a reaction from the
reader.
opening your text with a question and its answer (at the
start or end)
For example start with a specific fact and outlining the
reasons why it is important.
 BODY PHARAGRAPHS :
Usually contains 3-4 paragraphs.
Where the reasoning and data that
support your point of view are outlined.
Give the reasons for each idea and use
proven facts, statistical data, examples
and professional quotes to make your
argument seem credible.
 CONCLUSION :

A good concluding paragraph will

reinforce your arguments.
Avoid including new ideas, and
instead highlight the fundamental
points in favour of your argument
How to write an
argumentative
text in english
 Introduction
The introduction should be concise. This is not the time to
develop in-depth arguments or contrast different points of
view. The main purpose here is to establish a state of play
(a summary of the current situation)

“In the introduction, you should provoke a reaction from

the reader”

Good intro must have: HOOK, BACKGROUND

INFORMATION AND THESIS STATEMENT
 Example of Introduction
Does the average person really need to drink eight
glasses of water a day? This idea has been passed down,
but is it based on scientific facts, or is it a myth? Some
people say that drinking eight glasses of water a day is an
old wives’ tale, whereas others insist that one should
drink at least this amount of water every day. The main
point is that the body requires a certain amount of daily
fluid intake, and it is important to maintain proper
hydration levels for overall health. It is not necessary to
drink eight glasses of water each day, but one should
drink enough to urinate at least four times per day.
 First Paragraph of the body
Body paragraphs play an indispensable role in proving
the essay's thesis, which is presented in the
introduction. Each body paragraph must therefore
relate logically to the one immediately before and
after it.

“The key to this first paragraph is to present the

arguments in order of priority” (and bearing in mind
how they relate to one another) to later discuss them
in the same order.
 EXAMPLE OF BODY PARAGRAPH
How do people define crime? Some might define crime as an act of
offence towards the morality of humans. Others might regard crime as
an act that harms the universal human rights. In my perspectives, I
think that crime is an offence made towards the law. Therefore, why
do people still commit crimes? Some crimes were committed because
of hatred, hardships and even because of the people they loved. All in
all, I do agree that people commit crimes because of selfish reasons. I
am saying so based on several reasons.

My first reason to agree with the statement is that people commit

crimes because of greed. Greed is one’s desire to have more
than what one already has.
The second and subsequent paragraphs
The second paragraph is where arguments presented in the first are
refuted. If the paragraph is too long or you need new arguments or
ideas for your discussion, you can separate it into as many
paragraphs as you need.
Any paragraphs following this one should also include arguments in
favour, without the need to contrast them with others. Look for
new ideas to include in support of your stance, and continue the
discussion in the third and successive paragraphs.
Remember to always follow a logical order, maintaining the order of
ideas set out previously, connecting them to themes to one another
and opening new paragraphs for each change of idea.
 Conclusion and closing
Here, you will need to make another major impact like
the one in the introduction.
Although this time you can write a little more, try to
reach your reader emotionally and highlight the most
important points developed in the main body of your
text.
This is not the place to include new ideas. Instead, focus
on summarising and creating the desired effect on the
reader, so that your argument is better established and
the main points stand out above others.
 hello
everyone <3
let’s play a
game !
 HOW TO PLAY
1. Everyone will pick up colorful balls without looking
2. Then , form a group that gets the same ball color
3. Then each group will look for paper that is the
same color as the color of the ball you got
4. In each paper, there are many random sentences.
Then , you have to arrange the sentences into a
paragraph but to find the sentence you have to
exchange with another group
 HOW TO PLAY

CONDITIONS FOR EXCHANGING SENTENCES

example :
if group 1 want to take the points that they need
from group 2 , group 1 must do something that will
be given from our team members
 HOW TO PLAY

5. After finding all the sentences, stick the sentences

on colored paper to make a perfect paragraph

6. The fastest & most accurate group will be the

winner.The winner have to claim gifts from us after the
holidays
number of sentences in
each paragraph

intro - 5
first - 4
sec - 4
closing - 3
thank You