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T=EED BAck AMPLIFIERs
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U; Ol C-tYCOtt to ~c-h
the 00tf'ot st~lJOl\ u: cmd.. fe.d.bo..c..k to th~
Copot·"The.­ blcc-J<... ~~a..m -ke.dl:o.-c..K tur\ P Lr-f r c<9(

'Lf) -ft9 {l. :I:t C!:i'Muts o.f. Cl- bcxStc- .fi mplf+t'€>I­
d-- voL~e... 9ot!o. t Av' et.ncL a.. -feed bCtU<.

~cdf) o-t­ -the. 9a.'tt"l 0+­ -the... -fee.dttlQK

'(2)' word)

~6:t\Jf­
\It?
Ve
;r
7\,;+ I
7"trr:pl t Ie e..9l
4v = YO/Vi
"+ ~ f3Vo

ke.ctl:acx I
N)W iL
fO = V-fl\}o "

+ee..d.b0D.k{;­ A PO'ft;fDn of- AoJ"opld ootpot" ~f90et I r,.& (NOvrde..d


w o../') to put: t~ -feedbacK.

The- ne-tUXlYK l.Dhr LI-:> f,lt tJ~ed ·-k>Y -Peed ba..c-/C f,.-lS KrPu:m
~ -feedba.c- K ~tU:)(:)"IK .
~_o+ -te-e.eLba..e-K \­
lo PM t b[ Ve.. -te.-e..d bet-d<- >

2--- N~ ali ve.-~e.e.elbaLk.

,. PO~[t1ve -/ee.dba..c..k... ' ­


-- .,

I-f the.- .fee-d bocK A t9nC1..\ t~ f.. n

~oU9\-C-£- U9nOlI --the--n -L-he..--- -fe..eclbuCK

Po.H t\' Ve.... --Pe-e--dbac..K· h . .. \i t

t' e. ') V( =vs-tlJ-f \V<-­


2-, N~~ Ve... !e...e..dba..cl<...l­
:I--f 'the.. ..h?.e.dbClCK ~ t9()ct..\ tf, Dot 0+ pn~e..
;toU9l~ t. tty-.u
J -thw -the... ~ed- ba..e-K l,t t~()c;d)
'Y)Vjo:t;fVe.. -te..eeL bau.. {'e........ \} I: ~ VS - \J.f­
'Is II+­

-ltv +- =--- . Va ~

\f~

1he..-- . tlJPot \/0 tl::o--9e.. -to ~ o..JY)pLt+tbl..- w


tth
t-e..edbc:taA--<

f.-J . 9 tv eJ') OL'a


'JC =- V'<) --t V-f­

Vs =-. \it -+ v-£,­

9' \Ie. =- \I t -+ iO \10


dr \Is =- \H -+ \0 A II \h

=}> \iB =- \Ii l\ l' \'3 Av J


Vs ­
- =- \ -t- lOA-v
vt

have.

- AV' Vi
-
'J~

-'r AIi.f _ Av
I -t 10 A-\.I

Note-I_

\. t..I ~at..fv e..­ . ·h.Ld ba.cK. e~ Q,t.e...d.-f-oy a.mptt+feJl,.(


~ pose -\::f Ve... ..j..e.ed. ba-c.K f,( ote....d· -toy Me:t Ila..to'{~.

F- N6't:.ATIVt; I=--E'EDI?AC--t.
~~..rY'V"'-~~

tOlL)
o~ -.NEGtA'\\lE F-BI5DB,AC-K ovs~

,. Irx:.9tJUZt. s,to-..br Lr~!_


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The.. e.'L~<1AJ.fcsn -to:>l..

9 fVe.n eJJ..

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l-tjO ltv
tift ~A-v » )
=) Av.f. = Av =>'
JOAv
<>t , D e.A'e.O"tr 1::1 v t ~ O~ T v-cm sf-ex 9 0.1 t')

The. ...f;-o...c;ttcmo. \ C-han9€- o.f.- tI'o-f)S'K~X 9'OJO ,wttf


dl vlde.d b~ -+Ca.c:\:fmx:d ~e- ct -trons·feJ( qa..tn
wtthoot +e..e.clba.c..K.. t:~ Kr1)to"Y) 0.,1: sen,.;tBltfttj o,f..

5=

I dA-v
Av

AV{- =_A_v~
1

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(O'Y'it 1\
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~ CI-Tf-'A\J)C.I) - A\J (~}v \+~Av -,~Av


>-
=
l H¥'>Av) . l\+~A'JJ'
r dh\l.f.- \ _> d-A\I.+­
ciA,! c.x-\:- \=' ~II ) 1­

bt\J'I: dx(')~ L. bl-' S ~ R" \+'6 b~ Av+

~~ d.A-1-I-f-- ciA-v
=
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clAy
- dAv - I I
~)(H~F\j~
I'rv
lit ~Av)
I--t- ~ /Jrv
~ d A-\l.f­ ~ dAy \
~ Alit- Ali \-t \?Av
-)­ 8::0­ JAil+.
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d.A-v \+f>A-v
A-v
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=} b = J '""- l-t \3A.v
s
<'. i b =- H: [3 !'tv [
5'~~~~~!_

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'l-+ 13 A\J =-> Av+ =...l­
f
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c.:lt..u... to +y-~UJU)~ .{J ~


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bel!) clLOfdth toHDOOt {e...e.dbd..LK the_J'l,

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tl,'IN+ =-+h~-+~
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tttD BAck. TOPOLo~\ES!_


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