PROGRAMA ACADÉMICO DE MARINA MERCANTE

PROJECT
“MARITIME ENGLISH INTERVIEW”
NAME:
Diego Emilio Salazar Aquije
TEACHER:
JOSE MARTIN GIL LOPEZ
YEAR:
3RD YEAR ENGINEERING

2023
1. INTRODUCTION
In this project I will detail and compile all the information
regarding the boarding interviews that are coming up to win the
opportunity to travel and pursue my career on board a merchant
ship for my pre-professional internships.
The content of this project will be divided into two important parts
which are personal and professional questions. In each of these
questions I will collect concise and detailed information from all of
these.
Finally, as a synthesis of this project, I will draw conclusions from
all this and how important it is to be prepared for an interview, be
it work or other circumstances.
 PER
SO
ABOUT
YOURSELF NA
1. Tell me about yourself// Can you tell e
about your life in 5 minutes?

Good morning after all, my full name is Diego

L
QU
Emilio Salazar Aquije, I’m 22 years old.
Nowadays I’m living in Lince near the channel 7
studio I live with my parents and my younger
sister because my older sister is living in the
EEUU with his husband. In my free time I like
playing video games, playing the guitar, going

EST
out with my friends and also reading something
 ION
news important about my career. At the moment I’m studying the career of
engineering in ENAMM, I’m a 3rd year cadet so I have a year left to finish my
career and starts to embarking. My short term goal is to finish my career and
improve and gain experience embarking in this company and my long term
goal is to be a chief engineer and also create my own company and start to
make a family.

2. What strengths and weaknesses do you have?

My main strength is that I’m good working in a team because ENAMM taught
me to live with several classmates and when we are assigned tasks we
complete them together, also I’m responsible and discipline thanks to the
teachings and education of my parents who have always taught me that I have
to fulfill (complete) my obligations and be organized. In the case of my
weaknesses I’m little shy when I start something new or I’m in a new
environment but I adapt quickly and I will try to solve it. Another weakness is
that when I want to solve a problem I try to find different solutions but
sometimes I don’t take the best decision and some people think that it’s no
good. Finally, I consider that it is difficult for me to start a conversation but I
will solve it.

3. Why do you think you must be chosen for the position?

I consider that I must be chosen for this position because I consider myself
hardworking and I always give all my effort in my work, another aptitude that
difference me with other people is that not only I like to learn new knowledge
but I like to teach the think that I know to solve different problems that could
happen onboard. Another thing that sets me apart is that I have had a
militarized education so I got used to the guards and I can adapt to the routine
on board faster so I work under pressure.

4. Why did you choose to study this career?

Because since I was a child I was always interested in robots and machines. I
mean... how does it work or how they were built? For that reason, when I
finished secondary I started to prepare me to study any career of engineering
in UNI but I didn't like any career even though it was engineering and one day
I was walking in the Punta I found the merchant marine school and the
moment I entered the school I knew it was my career and I had made a good
decision

5. Have you ever been on board? (if yes, what did you learn/do?)

Yes, I have. I was embarked in a navy ship at the beginning of the year and I
learned different equipment that was on board for example the control room,
auxiliary machines like the evaporator (in the case of this navy ship it was
installed an inverse osmosis plant), there was three alternators, one in bow and
two in stern among other equipment. I learned about the daily routine in a ship
but I know that it’s not the same like some merchant vessels but it was a
grateful experience.

6. How do you motivate yourself?

My main motivation is my parents who have supported me from the beginning

and whenever things get difficult I think of them and give me strengths to
carry on. Also I motivate myself thinking that all this is necessary to learn and
everything has its moment.

7. What do you do for relaxing? On shore

I used to play the guitar because is relaxing for me listen the music that I make
and also I do exercises to clear my mind for problems and also I would like to
spent my free time watching movies when we will be onboard.
 8. What do you do when you have a problem? What is your aptitude? Face
it or run away?

When I have a problem first usually I would like to find many solutions to
solve a problem. My aptitude is calm when the situation turns badly because if
I get despair I couldn’t find a correct solution and could make the situation
worse. I consider that is very important to breathe deeply before to start to
solve a problem and I always try to face it.

9. What inspired you for being/ to become a merchant marine?

Well I’m not necessarily inspired by someone to be a merchant marine

however I could say that my inspiration is to see myself working on a
merchant vessel knowing different countries and people. Also, I don’t have
merchant siblings so in that case another inspiration from me is to going to be
the first merchant marine in my family.
ABOUT YOUR FAMILY/ABOUT
OTHERS

10. Tell me about your family/ what do they do?

My father’s name is Emilio and he has a general service company such as

fumigation, fire extinguishers and disinfection services, in addition, he is
working in a chain of hospital as inspector, then my mother’s name is Gisella
and she’s a housewife but before she was working in accounting. My older
sister is studying communications in EE. UU and she’s married with a foreign
and finally my young sister’s name is Mariangela and she just finished the
school and she, this year, has started studying systems engineering in UPC.

11. What does your family think of your career? // does your family agree
with your career?

My family since I choose this career has always supported me giving me tips
and hope the best for me. They are agree of my decisions, however, they also
know the risks and sacrifices that entails this career but at the moment they are
proud of me.

12. What is the opinion that others have about you?

Well, some people was surprised of my decision but at the beginning they
have never heard about merchant marine career. Fortunately, I’ve never had a
problem with them because they support my decision and they even found the
race interesting.
 13. How will you feel when you are away from your family?

Although I would miss them a lot, I consider that it is part of my job to travel
for several months without being able to see or communicate with them,
likewise, it gives me more encouragement and strength to give my best effort.
I understand that is temporally and I choice the career because is my dream in
the future.
ABOUT HYPOTHETICAL SITUATIONS
(SECOND CONDITIONAL)

14. What would you do for relaxing on board?

If I embarked I would play the guitar or videogames because I consider that

this is a way of relax me in my free time. Another think could be talk with the
crew if they are no busy.

15. What are you going to do have a family?

Well, it’s a good question. In my case first if I would have to accommodate

myself economically, maybe open a business or a company. I would need to
spent my time with my girlfriend or my wife but I know that my career is
outside my country and I would need to still working.

16.How do you wish your first day on board was?

If I have good luck, I would like to get an instruction before enter to the vessel
because is important to familiarize yourself with your work environment.
Then if I would be on board I liked know the crew of the vessel and they
could empashize with me.

17. How would you react if your boss treated badly?

Well if my boss will treat me badly me badly I prefer to react in a calm way
and try to solve this inconvenient and recognize that I may have acted
wrongly. For the other hand, I know that due his rank or position in the vessel
he could have some responsibilities and obligations to carry on and for that
reason he wants to call attention if I have done something wrong.
 18. What would you do if a person wants to fight with you?

If a person wants to fight with me I would react first in a calm way looking to
talk him to the beginning but if he wanted to attack me I would have to defend
myself.

19. What work you wouldn’t like to do on board?

From my point of view, I consider that clean the sewage system or to enter in
an enclose space is not the best experience but I know that is a part of my
work and an obligation that I have to fulfill.

20. What would you do if you weren’t chosen by us?

Well if I weren’t chosen by you I would like to get a feedback from you to
know where I was wrong to improve in another occasion when I introduce
myself again and try to get the embark because I like this company.
ABOUT THE COMPANY:

21.Why are you applying to this company?

Because I don’t have experience onboard and thanks that I investigate of this
company I know that you have a good deal with Peruvian merchants so I
would like to apply here and increase my knowledge of my career and stablish
a long relationship with Reederei Nord.

22.What do you know about the company?

The company was founded in 1964 by Klaus Oldendorff. The company started
trading with only one vessel called “BOCKHOLM” transporting bulk cargo.
Its headquarter is located in Hamburg and this company has different types of
vessels like container ships, tanker vessels and dry bulk cargo vessels. As far
as I know Reederei Nord has a good deal with his employees giving good
salaries and comforts to work and also it has modern machines that facilitates
operations onboard.

23. What expectations do you have about the company you will work?

I hope to increase my experience on board and get a good salary that

represents my effort working many years in your company. Also, I would like
to work in the vessels that this company has like tanker ships which I consider
that have more problems and maintenance that I could learn to my future. My
long term goal is to be a chief engineer, work in this company and open my
own company or invest in stock markets.

24. What do you think about earning $500 as salary monthly? Do you
agree with that?
I consider that the salary you get working represents how much effort you’ve
put in your job for that reason I’m not satisfied with earn $500 but I know that
is a good salary to start working and for that reason I agree with that.

25. Would you like to ask me any question about the company?

What are your expectations to contract Peruvian officers to work in your

company?
 SUBMISSION
N°3

Professional questions

1. What is a V-engine? What is the advantage of a V- engine compared to

the in-line engine?
A V-engine is a type of internal combustion engine where the cylinders are
arranged in a V-shaped configuration. The V-engine can have different angles
between the cylinder banks, such as 60, 90, or 120 degrees.
The advantage of a V-engine compared to an in-line engine is first in its
compactness. The V configuration allows for a shorter engine length, which
can save space and make it easier to fit the engine into a vehicle's engine
bay. This is particularly beneficial for vehicles with a low hood design but it’s
not the same like a ship.
Additionally, the V-engine tends to produce more torque at lower RPMs
compared to inline engines. This can provide better low-end power and
acceleration. The V-engine's shorter crankshaft also reduces the engine's
overall height, which can be advantageous in certain applications.
In conclussion, the advantages of a V-engine compared to an inline engine
include a shorter length, space-saving design, and potentially more torque at
lower RPMs. However, V-engines can be more expensive and taller than
inline engines. The choice between the two depends on the specific
requirements and constraints of the vehicle and its intended use.
2. What are the differences between HFO-MDO-IFO? And what are the
applications of these fuels?
HFO, MDO, and IFO are different types of fuels used in marine applications,
particularly in ships and vessels. Here's a breakdown of their differences and
applications:
HFO (Heavy Fuel Oil):
 HFO is a residual fuel oil that is typically a byproduct of crude oil
refining.
 It has a high viscosity and density , making it less volatile than other
fuels.
 HFO is commonly used in large marine engines due to its energy
density and cost-effectiveness.
 It requires heating before use and is typically stored in heated tanks
onboard ships.
 HFO is known for its high sulfur content, which contributes to air
pollution and environmental concerns and stricter regulations have
been implemented to reduce sulfur emissions from HFO, such as the
IMO 2020 regulations

MD0 (Marine Diesel Oil)

  MDO is a blend of distillates (marine gas oil) and heavy fuel oil.
 It has a lower viscosity and density compared to HFO , making it easier
to handle and burn.
 MDO is used in medium-speed marine engines and requires less
heating compared to HFO.
 It has a lower sulfur content compared to HFO, but still higher than the
limits set by emission control areas (ECAs).
 MDO is considered a cleaner alternative to HFO , but it is not as widely
used as HFO due to its higher cost.

IFO (Intermediate Fuel Oil):

IFO is a blend of marine gas oil and heavy fuel oil , with a higher proportion of
heavy fuel oil compared to MDO.
It has a higher viscosity and density compared to MDO , but lower than HFO.
IFO is commonly used in large marine engines and offers a balance between
cost-effectiveness and environmental impact.
It requires heating before use, similar to HFO.
IFO is also subject to regulations regarding sulfur emissions.
The choice of fuel depends on various factors, including cost, availability,
engine type, emission regulations, and environmental considerations. Stricter
regulations have led to a shift towards cleaner fuels with lower sulfur
content, such as MDO and low-sulfur HFO (LSHFO), as well as alternative
fuels like liquefied natural gas (LNG) and biofuels.
HFO (Heavy Fuel Oil), MDO (Marine Diesel Oil), and IFO (Intermediate Fuel
Oil) are different types of fuels used in marine applications, particularly in
ships. Here are the differences between these fuels and their applications:
 3. What is the procedure to prepare the main engine before getting
underway?
The procedure to prepare the main engine before getting underway on a
ship may vary depending on the specific vessel and its operating
procedures. However, here are some general steps that are typically
followed:
1. We need to ensure that the engine room is clean and free from any
hazards. Check the engine room for any leaks, loose connections, or
abnormal conditions. We must to inspect the main engine
components, including the fuel system, lubrication system, cooling
system, and electrical connections, for proper functioning and any
signs of damage or wear.
2. In the case of the fuel System we have to check the fuel levels in the fuel
tanks and ensure that the appropriate fuel type (HFO, MDO, or IFO) is
available. Then is important to verify that the fuel valves are properly
aligned and open as required.

3. According the lubrication system we have to check the lubricating oil

levels in the main engine and auxiliary engines. Ensure that the
lubricating oil filters are clean and in good condition. Start the
lubricating oil pumps and verify that the oil pressure is within the
specified range.
Then we have to go to the cooling System and check the cooling water
levels in the main engine and auxiliary engines. Ensure that the sea water
intake valves are open and the sea water filters are clean. Start the
cooling water pumps and monitor the temperature and pressure of the
cooling water.
Finally, we have to start and test the engine following the specific starting
procedure recommended by the engine manufacturer. This typically involves
preheating the engine, engaging the starting mechanism, and monitoring the
engine parameters during the starting process. Once the engine is running,
check for any abnormal vibrations, noises, or other indications of
malfunction.
 4. What types of coolant are there?
The choice of coolant depends on various factors such as efficiency, safety,
environmental impact, and compatibility with the system. Here are some
common types of coolants used in ship refrigeration systems:
- Ammonia (NH3): Ammonia is a widely used coolant in ship
refrigeration systems. It has excellent thermodynamic properties and
high heat transfer capabilities. Ammonia is efficient, cost-effective, and
has a low environmental impact. However, it is toxic and requires
careful handling and safety measures.
- HFCs (Hydrofluorocarbons): HFCs, such as R134a and R404A, have
been commonly used as coolants in ship refrigeration systems. They
have good cooling properties and are non-toxic. However, HFCs have a
high global warming potential (GWP) and contribute to climate change.
Due to environmental concerns, there is a shift towards using
alternative refrigerants with lower GWPs.
- CO2 (Carbon Dioxide): Carbon dioxide, also known as R744, is gaining
popularity as a coolant in ship refrigeration systems. It is a natural
refrigerant with zero ozone depletion potential (ODP) and a very low
GWP. CO2-based systems are energy-efficient and environmentally
friendly. However, they require higher operating pressures and
specialized equipment.

5. What refrigerant gases are ecological?

There are several refrigerant gases that are considered to be more
environmentally friendly compared to others. Some of these include:

Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs): HFCs are commonly used as refrigerants and

have replaced ozone-depleting substances like chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)
in many applications. While HFCs are not ozone-depleting, they are potent
greenhouse gases with high global warming potentials (GWPs). However ,
efforts are being made to transition away from HFCs to more climate
friendly alternatives.
Hydrofluoro-olefins (HFOs): HFOs are a newer generation of refrigerants
that have zero ozone depletion potential (ODP) and significantly lower
GWPs compared to HFCs. They are considered to be more
environmentally friendly and are being increasingly used as alternatives to
HFCs.
Ammonia (NH3): Ammonia is another environmentally friendly refrigerant
option. It has zero ODP and a very low GWP. Ammonia is commonly used
in industrial applications and large-scale refrigeration systems. However,
it is important to note that ammonia is toxic and requires careful
handling.
Hydrocarbons (HCs): Hydrocarbon refrigerants, such as propane (R290)
and isobutane (R600a), have very low GWPs and zero ODP. They are
natural refrigerants derived from petroleum or natural gas. Hydrocarbons
are commonly used in domestic refrigerators, freezers, and small-scale
commercial refrigeration systems.
It's important to consider that the choice of refrigerant depends on the
specific application, safety requirements, and regulations in place. The
transition to more environmentally friendly refrigerants is an ongoing
process, and the industry is continuously working towards developing and
adopting greener alternatives.

6. Difference between 2 stroke vs 4 stroke

Well, according that I learned, the principal difference between 2 and 4

stroke diesel engine is that 2 stroke has more power than 4 stroke diesel
engine but less RPM than 4 stroke. Also 2stroke diesel engine are bigger
than 4 strokes diesel engine and its relation of compression is higher than
the 4 stroke. Finally, in one turn of the crankshaft in two stroke it
completes its thermodynamic cycle and, in the other hand, in two turns of
the 4 strokes engine completes all its thermodynamic cycle.
7. What is the temperature of the air before entering into the cylinder?

As far as I know, the air temperature in a diesel engine are typically in

excess of 526°C (979°F). This high temperature is necessary to ensure that
the injected fuel reacts with the oxygen in the air and burns. However, it's
important to note that the temperature of the air within the cylinders is
influenced by factors such as the engine's compression ratio and its
current operating temperature.
We have to overfeed the engine with air before entering into the cylinder
because..
Additionally , the charge air cooler is an important device fitted in many
turbocharged diesel engines to reduce the temperature of the charged air
before it enters the cylinder . This cooling helps optimize the combustion
process and prevent excessive heat buildup in the engine.
In summary, the temperature of the air before entering the cylinder of a
two-stroke diesel engine can vary depending on factors such as engine
design, operating conditions, and the presence of cooling devices.
However, air temperatures in excess of 526°C (979°F) are typically
required for combustion to happened.
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0196890422003144
https://berg-group.com/engineered-solutions/the-science-behind-
refrigeration/
https://www.cruiserowaterandpower.com/refrigerant-used-marine-
refrigeration-system/
https://www.epa.gov/mvac/refrigerant-transition-environmental-impacts
https://www.health.ny.gov/environmental/emergency/chemical_terrorism/
ammonia_tech.htm
https://courses.washington.edu/engr100/Section_Wei/engine/
UofWindsorManual/Four%20Stroke%20Cycle%20Engines.htm
https://www.faa.gov/sites/faa.gov/files/09_phak_ch7.pdf
https://powerservice.com/learning/a-beginners-guide-to-understanding-
diesel-engines/