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& & «Panowe 6bi70 nyyuier, i unu «3onomoti Bex» u meopua ebipoxdenua | 2 gel = ee 5 Ta6nuyss npecmynnsn munos, re 7 cocmasneHHere ee Yesape Slonbp030. 3 — allpecmynwsii venosex», 1876 200 cp. 9 Buosepucmuxu u uckycemeeHHsiti uxmennexm Bope6a 3a enacme no-eusaHmuticku Jonomas eusanmuiicKas wonema, ya Komopoi u306paxeva unnepampuya puna € coinom unnepamopom Koncmanmusom VI Taccunun-Addxep 3HAHME — CMNIA 1/2024 Exemeca noi Haysno-nonynapHlit W HaysHo-xyRoKecTBeHHOIM MyPHAN ‘nen Poccniiexoro wcropuueckoro o6wecrea Ne 4 (1159) Magaerea ¢ 1926 roga Cangerenscrao o perucrpayni: ‘CMM TIM Ne 7—13958 or 18 Hon6pa 2002 r. Buigano Minwcrepcreom PO no genam nevari, ‘Tenepapnosewanies W cpeRcrs MaCCOBLX KONMYHMNKAUA Ana uwrarenei crapwe 6 net Vapenmtens T. A. Anexceesa Haysntit comer xyprana: Topxyos A. B. — akanennx PAH — npencearent Barypaa 1. M, — snes-xopp. PAH Senet. M. — axopenie PAH Hurwarynih P. M. — axanenis PAH Penta. Nl. — uneH-Kopp. PAH Taukoa B. A. — axagenik PAH Traves H.M.— axagenns PAH ybapeai A. 0. — ananemnn PAH lWyeros 6. M. — sneH-Kopp. PAH Tenepansnsiit anpexrop AHO «Pegakuun mypnana «3nanne — cunan, Wed-penaxrop ‘A Kapies nasssid penaxrop, 3am. Fen. aupexropa H.B. Anexceesa, xanamnar reorpacbmveckix Hay Penaxuws: 0.A. Banna TT. Benscxas A.B. Bonkos B. 6. Mywos A.B. Kpevevona Saneayouan pexanuveli H. H. Warmna Ogopunenne A. M. Mrxraisi Beperva U1. A. Paxirnna Koppextop H. 10. Myxosa ognucato k nevarw 11.12.2023, ‘Gopnar 70 x 100 1/16. Ogceriaa nevars, Tres. 1. 8,25. Yen. nes. n. 10.4. YW, M. 1L93. Yen, xp.-OTT. 31.95, wpa 3000 343, ‘Anpec penantynn: 119017, r. Mocksa, Knumenroscenitnep., 9/1 Ten. 8 499 2358935 e-mail: 281926@mailcu ‘Omevaravo # OO «MNogonscxas ‘a6puxa ofcernot nevarin 142100, Mockosckas ofr. r. Nogansck, PesoneyuoxHt npocnen, , 80/42 3anas Ne (© Bvanue — cuna», 2023 ¢. «3HAHME — CUSIA» ypnan, Koropsiit moGoaHarenbible moqM amTaior ye 99-i4 ron! 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B xone TopxectReH- Horo mpa3qHoBanna 200-1eTHero 10OH- aes OrevecrBeHHoii BoiiHb! B 2012 ro- AY OGULMe YepTb! HCTOpHYECKO!l NaMsTH He MpeTepmea CyuLeCTBEHHDIX H3MeHe- Hui B cpaBHeHHt c OweeM 1912 ro- Ja, CCIM He CHHTATb MOABHBLINXCA YTON- HeHHit OTHOCHTeNBHO KaKHX-TO opoO- Hocteit coObiTHii 200-meTHeii MaBHOCTH. Meno 8 TakoM Bue HcTOpHueckas TlaMaTb 06 OrevecTBeHHOit BOiHe BO- Ula B WIKONBHBIe YYeOHHKH, MOHOrpa- (pil 1 KyabTYpHyIO 2KUBHD pocentitcKo- To Hapoga. HaiMisHuM, BeposTHo, Oyler YIOMHHaKHe (baka 0 TOM, YTO HCTOpH- ueckas MaMsTb (ppanuy3cKoro Hapona 06 9TOM coObITHM He coBMamaeT ¢ Ha- IMM O6pa30M 9TOit BOitHBI. Vcropueckaa niamatb 06 Oreuecr- BeHHOH BoitHe 1812 roma 1a poccuii- KOTO Haposla sBIAETCH YACTBIO ero Ha- IMOHAIbHO-FocysapeTBeHHO! WeHTHY- HOCTH, Ykperasiouleli CBASH BHYTPH O6- llecTBa Yepe3 pagitesAeMoe BCeMH ero ‘WieHaMH OTHOUIeHHe K 1aBHO Mpowlen- HM COGBITHSIM. Tameana Huxonaeena Heanoea, dokmop uemopuneckux nayk, npocbeccop Kadbedps ucmopuu us Kyabmypet zapyBeoenowx cmpan @IBOY BO . Onvea Oneeosua Lnumpueea, kandudam uemopureckux nayk, Gouenm Kagpedper uemoput ue Kyabmypes zapyGeoenewx cmpan @LbOY BO «Yyeawexuit 2ocydapemeennit ynusepcumem umenu HH. Yasanoea>. | = PyccKo-AMNOHCKaA XOZIets MN Kea Am nba) 4207) tilled Pyccko-stiorickast Boiitia — cokKHast ctpanmua B vicropun Pocenn XX pe- Ka: BbIHYAICHHAs, 3aTpaTHast, Heysa4- Had KaMMaHia cTasla BHeLIHeNOsHTH- ‘YecKHM (POHOM JLIa MaculTaGHBIX BHYT- PeHHMX Mpoueccos. B neppoe secs TwIeTHe MocHe ee 3aBepUleHHs poc- cniickoe oGtlecTBO MCKaIO ~BApHaHTbI BCTPaMBaHHsA 9TOi BOMB B HCTOpH- YeCKYIO TAMSITh: BOSBOMMIMCH MaMstT- HMKH, CTPOWANCh XpaMbl, H31aBaHCh MHOTOTOMHBIe HoApoOHBIe TpyAbI, o6- IECTBO CTPEMILIOCh OCMBICITS TOHe- ceHible xeprabi. Fpenonarasiocs, ¥to KpynHeiiMM NaMsATHHKOM norHOuHM TeposM PYCCKO-SMOHCKOii BoiiHEI cra- Het xpam Xpueta Cnacutena B Cankt- Tlerep6ypre, ronyausuinit HauMenona- Hue «Crac Ha BojaX» 3a BbIpasHTelb- HYIO MO3QHKy 10 pHCyHKY XyLOXHH- xa Huxosat Bpynu «Cracutenb, urect- BYIOMIMM 10 Bose». B merepoyprcKom © «3—C» sHpape 2024 «3—C» Spapp 2024 2 ° Huxonai IE npuxunaem napad hnocne ocaaweua xpama Cnaca a sodax. 1911 208 xpame Xpucra Cracwens, Tak xe, Kak HB MOCKOBCKOM, BO3BEJICHHOM B 4eCTb OrevectBeHHoli Bolinbt 1812 roa, 6bLIM NOMCHICHbI HOCKH C MMcHAaMH MOrHOLIHXx Mopsiko. Tak B paMkax mpapocaBHoii TPALMUM OHH TOMyYHA MocseERHMit 3eMHoli npuior. [LraHuposaioch ‘TaK- Xe MOCTPOMTb XPaM B MaMSITh © BOHHAX CYXOnyTHOit apMuH, JI Yero yupenWH crenmanbubiit KoMHTeT, HO CTpoHTenb- TBO TaK H He GbuIO HayaTo. PyccKo-sriorickaa Boifria ropomuaa OrpomHbiii NOTOK nyGsMKaLit HeToOU- HHKOB JIMYHOTO MIPOHCXOXKICHHS, KOTO- bili GbUI OCTAHOBJEH TOKO HayaoM Tlepsoii mupopoit Boiinn. K 1916 roxy b Poccun rostBitocs oKot0 430 ny6- aukaunii (c nepen3iaHHaMH) Bocno- MHHaHHii HM JHeBHUKOB yyacTHUKOB poitubt. Ux asropamn Yaule Beero BHI- CTYNaH BOeHHBIe, npeHMyulecrBeH- Ho ocunepbl, BpayHt, cecTpbl MHsIOcep- aus, XypHamicrbl. Botnune or odbu- UMANbHBIX COOOMIeHHi, BOCTIOMHHa- HV Hi AHeBRUKH ormcbiBaTH dpoHTo- Bot ObiT T1a3aMH O4eBHALeR, a THTepa- TypHast oOpaGoTKa MpilaBatia Tpowspe- JeHHAM elle GobUyIO NpHBAeKaTestb- HOCTb, HECMOTpA Ha LeH3ypHBIe Orpa- HuveHHa. Muorve asropsi # u3narent TosMePKMBaIM CBOE CTPeMeHHe TIpe0- Chacumens, wecmayouuti no eode. MosquKa pana Cnaca wa 80dax no pucyaky xyoxHuKa Hukonaa bpyHu crap wiTatemo 1 noTOMKaM mpaBait- Bylo 1 GecnpucTpactHylo Kapruny coOBI- tui, Toxaayli, OMUM 13 caMBIX sIpKHX H JAKOHIMIHBIX BOTIOUIEHM: erat Tpa- riunbiit pase Vinbu Warpopa «Ha com- kax Mane-xypiit>, off BbIpasiit B MY3bI- Ke Gob 3a ToHeceHHbIe oTepu u Gec- CMBICICHHOCTb KPOBOMPOsIMTHA. Tocne 1917 roaa pyccko-anoncKas Bolitia OKAB~Iacb «Ha OGOUHHE> UCTO- pitueckoil naMsTH, Tora oHa mpestcTaB- suuiach Wuniocrpauueli «npectynenuit uapeKoro pexuMar. Mcropak Muxait Tlokposckitii 8 yyeGHUKax pyccKoit HCTOPHH MonbITasIcA COsIATS HOBOE TIpO- MLI0€ JIA MoNOMOTO rocyzapcrBa, OH MIPCMIOKM KOHLEMUMIO, COrAaCHO KO- Topoii npourpaHaa Bolla rpespati- ach BO Orar0, B TPAakTOBKe BOITHEI Bpa- TOM OKA3AIINICb He SINOHUBI, a caMonep- 2KABHe, TEM CAMBIM OBL JJeRATBBMPOBAH TOABHT PYCCKHX COsLLAT H MaTpocoB. Kyabrypxsiit nosopor 1930-x ro1os HUBEAMPOBAI JICHHHCKYIO peBOOUHOH- HylO PHTOpHKY H 3anycTHst Mpouece pe- CTABpALLMH TPaMLMOHHBIX, FePOHYECKHX, 3HAuUMBIX CHMBOsIOB, HaripspkeHHast 06- CTaHOBKa Ha JaIbHeBOCTOUHOM! rpaHuiue, BOHHBIe KOHCNKTBI ¢ ATOHMeli crIpo- BOUMpOBAIM MepecMoTp o6paza pyc- CKO-SIOHCKOH BOitHDI. Bee Hayasocb ¢ «Kparkoro Kypca», paGota Ha o6pa- 30M TIPONOIDKWIAC B YYCOHUKAX, HCTO- PHYeCKOH H XYLOXKeCTBeHHOM sIMTepa- type. Tepsonavatio Obuia peaowin- ‘TupoBaHa pycckast apMust, a BOliHa T0- cTereHHo mMpeppariiach B OGOpoHH- ‘TelbHyl0, Bonpoc nopaxeruectBa Gob ICBHKOB peulWIcA pH MOMOWI HO- Boil KOHLENUMH «BOiiHbI Ha {Ba )poH- Tay! pYCCKasl APMMA Cpakalach C BHEI- HUM BparoM — srloHUAMH, a peBoulouH- OHepbI-C BHYTpeHHHM — camonepxkaBH- em. Hite, pyre B 9ToM calyyae OKa- 3aIHCb Ha OHOH CTOpOHe HCTOpHYeCKHX Gappuka. 3arem Havalica mpouecc repo- w3aunM KaMnannu. Tak Kak BoiiHa ObI- Jla TIpourpaHa, TO wsleoslorH, MeTOpH- KH, MIHcaTenH CocpeqOTONHIN CBOE BHH- Male Ha BbUIENeHM HaHGosee sIpKHX TepOHYECKHX NH30I08 BOHiHbI: cpaxe- Hue B nopty Yemyabno, oGopora Hopr- Aprypa, Llycumckoe cpaxerne. Benukast Orevectsetiast Boiiia akTHBHaMpoBaIa 9TOT Mpouece. Tkia KanoHusaunn o6pasa PyccKo- AMOHCKOH BOIHbI Gombe 3Ha4e- Hue MMeta mobeqoHOcHaa CopeTcKo- smoucKasi Boiitia. Moc Craiiit B eB eit pean 2 centa6pa 1945 roa no cay- yalo KanMTyAAUMH ANOHHM MpeoxKW HoBylO HHTepnperauuio pyccKO-Arl0H- cKoro KoHdanKta: «CBoIo arpeccuio TIpoTHe Halleii cTpaHb! STOHHs Havasa eile B 1904 rozy BO BpeMs pyccKO-sTIOH- cKoii BoiiHpt. Kak u3bectHo, B cbeppa- sie 1904 roa, Kora neperosops Mex- ay SInoumeii n Poccneit eure nposoKa- JIMCb, AMOHHA, BOCTIOMb3OBABLUIMC Cila~ GocTHio UapcKoro NpaBHTemberBa, He- OXIIAHHO H BepoOMHO, 6e3 OGwABIE- HMA BOIHBI,— Hanaja Ha Hauly cTpany Wt aTakoBasla pycckyio 9cKalpy B paiione Tlopt-Aprypa, ¥ro6s1 BbinecTH 13 cTpos HeCKOJbKO PyCCKHX BOeHHEIX KopaGutelt HM CO3IATb, TEM CAMBIM, BbITOHOE T10s10- xeHHe Jia cpoero qiora... Kak w3pect- HO, B BoiiHe ¢ AnonHelt Poccus noTep- nena Tora nopaxenue... Ho nopaxe- Hite pyccKHx Bolick B 1904 roxy B ne- PHOM PYCCKO-SINOHCKO! BOUIHE! OCTABH- AO TAKEMbIE BOCHOMMHAHHA. OHO ser JO Ha Hallly CrpaHY “epHbIM MSITHOM. Haut napon Bepat H xa, ¥TO Hac TMT JeHb, Kora AnoHNA Gyser pasouTa WW MATHO OyzeT AMKBHLAMpoBaHO. CopoK JeT IAIN Mbl, JHOUH CTaporo MoKosIe- HHA, 9TOrO AHA. H Bor, 9TOT NeHD HacTy- MI», Tak NOABMaCb KOHUENLMS «10/1- Toit BOitHbD: pyccKO-anoHcKan Boii- Ha Hauaach B 1904 rogy H 3aKOHUMIAce mobexoii_Poccuu B 1945 roay. B stom cayyae TMopremyrckuit MUpHtit sJ0r0- Bop H €TO MocHeACTBHA MpesCTABAAINC. HMYTOXHBIMH, a Mocud CraiHH npHo6- peu opeo MoGeAHTeNs, KoTOppIii Hempa- BILT OWIMOKH LapcKOrO MIpaBHTeNbCTBA. Oanako oaHoi peubio, mycTb aaKe oTY peub mucan Hu npowsHocu Mocud CraiMH, HeBo3MOXHO H3MeHHT Teve- Hila B 6e36peKHOM Mope HCTOPHYecKoit naman. Mctopuueckas naMsirb xKMBeET Guaronaps KOMMeMOpaTHBHBIM pakTH- KaM — MIpa3HMkam, lOOWIeiHbIM Mepo- MIpHATHAM, TaMATHHKAM, XyOKECTBEH- Holi THTepatype, TearpabHbIM mocTa- HOBKaM i KIHOdHIbMaM, yueGHHKaM ueTopHn. Boubitioe sHavenue uMena xy1oxect- ewtHast sttepatypa — 9T0 Gbist adcbeK- THBHBIT MeXaHH3M MaHUMYsILMHt HCTO- pueckHMH oGpasamu. B 1930-e — Ha- uane 1950-x rozop B CCCP nospu- JOCh HECKOABKO MPOU3BEMeHHT, MOCBA- ILeHHBIX pyecKO-sMOHcKoil Boiixte. Ount MpouHO BOUIN B «short-list» copeT- ckoro wiratens. CaMbiMi TlonyssipHbi- ‘MH cpeaH HHX 6buIM pomanbi «LlycHMa» ‘Anexces Hosuxona-IIpu6os 1 «Iopr- Aptyp» Auekcanipa CrenaHosa, mpe- TepmleBulMe MHOXeCTBO nepen3iaHuii, 2 «3—C» sHpape 2024 2 «3—C» SHpape 2024 H. Autunun Pyceko-nnonckaa govina M MaHUnynAuMn naMaTBIo HX THPAKH LOCTHPIM MIUIHOHOB 9k3eM- TULAPOB, a aBTOpHI NPoNsBENeHHT BOUL B UHCHIO COBETCKUX KiAcCHKOB. Asexceii Hosikos-Ipu6oii 6tu1 yuacr- HUKOM Boi, B 1899 roxy ero npu- 3BaH Ha dsloT, OH OKasAICH B COCTaBe aKunaxa GporeHoca «Oper», mona Bo 2-10 THKOOKeaHCKyIO 3cKampy, BMe- cre ¢ KOTOpOil NPHHMAT yuacTHe B Apa\ia- THYHOM cpaxeHH y ocrpopos LlycuMa B SInoHcKoM Mope. B 1932 roy BHI uta ero KHura «Foxon» (MepBas YacTb pomana «llycuma»). Yvrarenn Bpico- KO OLEH POMAH Hi 2xQUTH ero MpO- OKeHUs, «BalluMH MpowspelenusiMu 3AMHTBIBAIOTCA MOUTH BCC KONXO3HHKH OT Malla 40 BeAMKa»,— nucan B 1933 ro- ay Bacnnii Edppemos, wet npanienna Kouxo3a «Mockba» OxraGpbcKoro paii- ona Tarapexoit pecrty6anxu. B 1934 ro- AY W3aHa BTopasl KHHTA, O3arAaBIeHHaA «Boi». C nyGnmKaumeii pomara pa6ora Hall HUM He 3aKoHuHacb. Jo camoii cmepru B 1944 roay mucateab nposor- Xai JONOMHATS «LlycHMy> 1 YeHAMBaTs Teponueckyio ANH, Tpricyxkxenne B 1941 rony Asekceio HosnKopy- TIpu6o1 Cramuckoit npemun II cre- NeHH 3a BrOpylo KHUTY «LlycHMbI> 110- kasaTenbHo. MMeHHo Bropaa KHHTa po- MaHa ColepxXUT OMlMcaHHe Goa M TIpH- Mepbi repou3Ma pyCCKHX MOpsKOB, Buorpadus aBropa xpyroro nony. JAPHOTO POMAHa 0 PYCCKO-ATIOHCKOI Boilie — «Iopr-Aptyp» tpedyer oco- Goro BHuManns. Anekcanap CrenaHoB YMes0 cosiat Md 0 ceGe H MIpHAyMaT ‘COOCTREHHYIO HCTOpIIO KU3HH, KOTOpAt oruacrH oGecrieumia yerlex ero 1laB- Horo mponspexenus. B copetcKoii aM- Tepatype, B MpelMCIOBHSX K COWMHE- HWAM MH HLUKAONeRUSX MHOrOKpaTHO BOCTIPONSBONWTAC GHorpadbus MucaTe- JIA: pOAMICA B CeMbe BOcHHOTO, Oby- uaica 8 Touo1kom KaileTcKoM Koprly- ce, BMecte c cembeii Bp Hopr-Aprype, ¢ OTHOM mepexHt ocaay KpenlocrH 5 1904 rony, yuacrHuk Tepsoii mupo- oli BoiiHbI. Crap H3BeCTHBIM mHcaTe- eM, OH HeOMHOKpaTHO pacckasbIBa © cBoeii xu3HH B [lopr-Aprype B robi BOiiHbI. OHAKO Terlepb H3BECTHO, 4TO KanuTaH Hukosaii Crenanos HHKora He cayxu B Topt-Aptype, HO cay Hosoreopriesckoit kpertoctu Ha pexe Bucae. Anexcanap Crenaros cam ume Gorarbiii Goesoit onbir, 3a Mepsyio MH- posylo Bolity OH TONyHHA rs OpIeHOB i Teopruesckoe opyxne. BosMoxxo, OUHHM H3 MOTHBOB «peqakTHpOBAHHst» Guorpadun GbuIo crpemsierMe riompa- xath Anexceto Hosukony-Ipu6o1. ‘Anexcanap Crenavon Hayat paGo- TaTb Hall CBOMM PpoMaHOM, Kora Bce saunTBIBATIch , BLINOIMB- ureii 8 Havane 1930-x roto B >xXypHasax Mt ommeabHbiM KHUraMn. B 1940 roxy 8 Kpactosape shies nepsbiii Tom «Flopt- Aptypa», B Kone 1941 roa onyO1HKo- Bal Bropoii ToM poMania. B 1943 roxy poman mpounran Mocud Crain, Ko- Topbili MlopekoMeHoBal_mepepaGorarb Hl COKpaTHITb TeKCT, OCOGEHHO s11060B- HylO IMHO, Mi Tlepen3iarh GombUIMM ‘THpaxom. Tuicaten# BbisBaTt B Mocksy 18 LIK BKM (6) npeaioxii emy B Te MEHME [BYX HEE MOLOTOBHTS POMaHt «Tlopr-Aptyp» U1 oHoro H MaccoBoro uaaanna, AneKcanap Crenatios crpaBit- CAC 3aJaHHeM, H BCKOpe NPOHsBeHeHHe GbuIO ONYGANKOBAHO, TIpH 9TOM ¢ O6- JIOKKH HCYEIIO COBO , HO T1Os- BILIOCb , MIpesvIOKEHHOE «TABHBIM peakTOPOM>. B nicropum ¢ pomariom «ITopr-Apryp»> MPOSBHUIACh NPAKTHYHOCTh CTaMHCKO- TO Moluuienna. | teKadpa 1943 rosa 3a- KoHUWIach TerepaticKat KoHdepeHLMs, Ha KOTOpoii O6cy2KIaTCA BOrIpoc O BCTY- mieHun CCCP 8 BoiiHy c AnoHHeii no- cole 3akmoueHHa Murpa B Enporte, B 3T0ii cuTyaUIMH poMan AneKcaHpa CrenaHosa OKA3AICH AKTYAIHBIM H WULCONIOTHYECKH Tone3HBIM. Poman «Mopt-Aptyp» mpHo6per He MeHbuy!0 rortyssipHoctb, ue «[LycH- Ma, Tpounrasiine pomatt HaspiBaiiH ero , . Jax Goce wmpoKoro pacnpocrparte- Hil, BHepEHU cchopMupOBAHHBIX OOpa- 308 TeMa PyecKO-ATIOHCKOii BOHN OIK- Ha Opula HaliTH OTpaxkeHHe Ha KHHO- okpane, B Havane 1947 rogy Ha 9Kpaitbt COBCTCKUX KUHOTeATPOB BHIWe: dbILIbM «Kpeiicep "Bapsr">. B mpouecce pa6o- Tb HAL (UIbMOM PeXHCCeP KAPTHHBI Buxtop DitcbiMonT BBicTyMMA Ha pa- amo ¢ paccka3om 0 cBoeil paGote. OH OTMETHLL, TO BUIGOP cloxeTa LIA (pILTb- Ma mpovape cam Hapod, KOTOpEIIi cO- uMIHHUI TIecHIO, NOcBsUeHHyIO «Bapsry>, a CLIeHApHCT It pexHecep AML BOILIO~ THM 970 Ha oKpane. «Hawa KHHOKap- tuna "TlecHb o “Bapsire” He Gyxer HcTo- pHccKHM ¢piLABMOM B cTporoM 3Haye- HUM 9TorO cHoBa. Yxxe camo Ha3Ba- une "Tec" B H3BectHoit Mepe onpe- geaser Xap , XOTH cueHapuit B Oc- Hope He YKAOHAeTCA OT CTOPHMeCKHX caktop, B Hem TaTes neceHHbii, GbI- annubtii, yrs sereriapuetit crpoit. Hapounas niawsirb peeriia u36upaer To, 470 Hato santomunts. Hapoa poGpas u3 ucropun Pyccko-sinoHcKoli Bolitbl "Bapsra’ iH cOKIJI 0 HeM MoGeaHyI0 neciio. Cuewapuii uaer 3a necHeli, 160 B Heit BeANKAsl Mpapzar,— OTMeTILI pe~ >xkutccep. B Kone 1946 rota coctossocb 06- cyxNeHHe QiuibMa Ha mpeacrasuTenb- HOM XYLOXCCTBEHHOM COBeTe MHHH- crepersa KuHeMarorpaduu, YuacTHuKi 3acelaHit COracHIMch, 4TO KaprHHa cBoeRpeMeHHa H BAKA CBOHM TaTpHO- THYECKUM M repoHeCKHM: HanosIHeHH- em. Kunopexnecep Mean Mnippes 10 coerona nepenestarb Goll: «Bee ectb, HO Her arlobeo3a, HeT 3TOro BaeTa, YTO- 611 "Bapsir” octaites B HCTOpHH, B TaMsi- TH Y K@KOTO 3pHTeA HY Haposta, YTO- 681 OH BOcKpeC, YTOOBI Bee BILIENH, YTO 970 Obit 3a "Bapar”». Xynconer nocta- BHI Co3MaTb KOMHCCHIO TOM TIpescena- TeNLCTBOM KHHOpexHccepa Beenosto.ta TynoskuHa, KoTopas nomKHa ObuIa 10- MOub pexHccepy opa6orarb AeHTY. Yepes mga Mecaua, 26 despana 1947 roa, ¢biutbM Tom HOBLIM Ha3BaHH- em «Kpelicep "Bapar’» pbillielt B ripoKar. 3a nepsbie JlecstT Hei ero OcMoTpeAH 490 tbicau spureneli. Ito GbLIN canbe HIBKMe MOKa3ATEM CPEs HOBHHOK TOTO BpeMeHHt, HanpuMep, ¢iabM «Jlesyuika Moeii MeuTbIs nocMorpeno 632. TbI- cat venonex, «Aamupal HaxumMos» — 721 Teica4 YemOBeK, «Bo HMA 2KUSHH> — 764 tbica4 YenoBeK. O KauecTBe (pith Ma roBOpHT Mt ToT (bakT, 4TO MosaHee «Kpeiicep "Bapsr”> He Mona B aKTHB- bili (bona, HecMotpa Ha 3aMedaHis KpHTHKOB, KMHOACHTA MOYYHA BBICOKYIO OLICH- ky piacrH. OuHoBpemeHHo ¢ npoKa- TOM (piLIbMa MPOXOAMAM 3aceLaHUs KO- MuTeTa 110 IIpHeyKeHMIO CraiHHcKHX npemuii, B arene 1947 roma Komn- ‘rer no CraiMHCKHM npeMHam pacema- ‘TpHBaT HOMHHAHTOR, lonayaty (HIM «Kpeiicep "Bapsir"» axe He ynoMuHal- cs. OstaKo B HTore KapTHHa noaysita Tipemitio Bropoii creneHH B HOMMHALMH «XygoxecrBeMHad —KUHeMaTorpadus. B 910M dbustbMe nepenaetes yripouteH- bit BapHaHT BoiiHBI. PyccKHe BOMB — 910 Marpocbi, ObHltepsl, KaTHTaHbI cy- sos. B ux o6pase Het npene6pexwrenb- HBIX OLCHOK MOCTPEBOIOUMOHHOTO Te puona. Bee oun — repon. OGpas pyc- CKOTO BOHHa JOMOMHseTCA STIH3OAMH MIPOABICHHA FepOH3Ma MaTpocoB HerlO- cpeucrBeHHo 8 Gow. TpumevaresbHo, 4TO PEXHCCeP HeOMHOKpATHO nomHep- kuBaet enuHcTBO KoMaHet «Bapsra>. Hanpumep, Korna KoMaHaup Kopa6nA Bcesonon PyaHes npoxoaut no cns- ulemy Kopa6l0, cpeilM MaTpocos, npo- apiset 3a60Ty 0 HX. JIpyroii oduuep MIpoBOAMT BeYep Nepesl Goem ¢ MaTpoca- Ml, MOMOTas HaNlMCaTb HM TIHCbMa Pol = W «3—C» sHpapp 2024

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