Pinaka multi-barrel rocket launcher

Pinaka (from Sanskrit: पिनाक, see Pinaka) is a multiple rocket launcher produced in India and
Pinaka
developed by the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) for the Indian Army.
The system has a maximum range of 40 km for Mark-I and 60 km[10] for Mark-I enhanced version,[7]
and can fire a salvo of 12 HE rockets in 44 seconds. The system is mounted on a Tatra truck for
mobility. Pinaka saw service during the Kargil War, where it was successful in neutralising Pakistani
positions on the mountain tops.[11] It has since been inducted into the Indian Army in large
numbers.[12][13]

As of 2014, about 5,000 missiles are being produced every year while an advanced variant is under
development with enhanced range and accuracy.[14] Pinaka multi-barrel rocket launcher
As of 2019, an upgraded guided missile version of the system has been test-fired, with a range of over Type Rocket artillery
90 km.[8] Place of origin India
Service history
Development Used by
Indian Army
The Indian Army operates the Russian BM-21 Grad Launchers. In 1981, in response to the Indian Armenian
Army's need for a long range artillery system, the Indian Ministry of Defence sanctioned two Ground
confidence building projects. In July 1983, the Army formulated their General Staff Qualitative
Forces
Requirement (GSQR) for the system, with planned induction of one Regiment per year from 1994
onwards. This system would eventually replace the Grads. Wars Kargil War
Production history
Mk 1 Development Designer Armament
Research and
Development began in December 1986, with a sanctioned budget of ₹ 26.47 crore. The development Development
was to be completed in December 1992. Armament Research and Development Establishment Establishment
(ARDE), a Pune-based DRDO laboratory, led the development of the system.[15] To decrease single
Designed 1986-present
source dependency from Ordnance Factory Board (OFB) and increase competition in product pricing
front, final developmental trials of Pinaka manufactured fully by Indian private sector Solar Industries Manufacturer Yantra India
under transfer-of-technology agreement from DRDO were successfully conducted by Indian Army at Limited[1]
Pokhran Range on 19 August 2020.[16] Tata Group
Larsen &
Toubro[2]
Mk 2 Development Solar Industries

Pinaka Mk II is being developed by Armament Research and Development Establishment (ARDE), Unit cost ₹430 crore
Pune; Research Centre Imarat (RCI), Hyderabad; and Defence Research and Development (equivalent to
Laboratory (DRDL), Hyderabad. Another variant of Mark II called Guided Pinaka is equipped with a ₹506 crore or
navigation, guidance, control kit and has considerably enhanced the range and accuracy of the US$63 million in
missile.[17] The range of the missile is estimated to be between 60 km-75 km at all ranges.[18] 2023)[3] per
regiment
It was successfully tested at the Chandipur Test Range in January 2013,[19] and on 20 December
Produced 1994-present[4]
2013.[20] From 20 to 23 May 2016, four rounds of the Pinaka Mk-II were successfully fired from the
test range of Proof and Experimental Establishment (PXE) at Chandipur-on-sea for testing a new Variants
Mk-I: 37.5 km
guidance system.[21][22] On 12 January 2017 and 24 January 2017, two successful tests was
conducted with range of 65 km and 75 km respectively from Launch Complex-III, Integrated Test (23.3 mi)[5]
Range, Chandipur.[17][23][18][24][25] On 30 May 2018, two rounds of tests were successfully Mk-I
conducted from Launch Complex-III, ITR, Chandipur.[26][27] Another round of tests was conducted Enhanced:
successfully on 11 March 2019.[28] An extended range version was tested for a range up to 90 km on 45 km
19 December 2019,[8] followed by another test on 20 December.[29] (28 mi)[6]
Mk-II: 60 km
Pinaka Mark 2 manufactured by Solar Industries completed User Assisted Technical Trial (USTT) on
(37 mi)[7][8]
8 December 2021 and will now go for user trial which will be completed by March 2022. While
Yantra India Limited (YIL) is developing prototype of Pinaka Mark 2 due to delay in transfer of Guided
technology by ARDE.[30] Pinaka:
75 km
Testing (47 mi)
ERR 122:
A series of 6 rockets were tested successfully for extended range version of Pinaka from Chandipur 40 km
on 4 November 2020 that is now going to replace the older Mark I variant in production. This time (25 mi)
DRDO has decreased the size of the rockets compared to the older generation Mark I.[31][32] (testing
phase)
On 24 June 2021, DRDO successfully fired 25 Pinaka Mk I Enhanced variant at a range of 45 km in Mk-II ER:
quick succession mode as part of saturation attack simulation.[33] On 25 June 2021 DRDO 90 km
successfully test fired 40 km range 122mm caliber rocket which are made to replace the older BM-21 (56 mi)
Grad rockets in the Indian Army.[34][35] (testing
phase)
On 11 December 2021, two different variants were simultaneously test fired from Pokhran Range.
First one was done by Solar Industries for Pinaka Mark 1 Enhanced with a range of 45 km. The Mk-III:
second one was called Pinaka Area Denial Munition (ADM) made by Yantra India Limited (YIL) in 120 km
which 96.6% of Dual-Purpose Improved Conventional Munition (DPICM) exploded, surpassing (75 mi)
benchmark set at 90%, thus reducing failure rate. Both tests were successful.[30] During these tests, (under-
ARDE evaluated locally developed Direct-Action Self Destruction (DASD) and Anti-Tank Munition development)
(ATM) fuzes.[36] Mk-III ER:
As part of developmental tests, Pinaka Mark 1 Enhanced and Pinaka ADM were fired from Army 200 km
Test Range at Pokhran for consistency and accuracy on 9 April 2022.[37] The user trials were (120 mi)
conducted on 24 August 2022.[38] (under-
development)

Details Specifications
Length 2.91–5.17 m (9 ft
Pinaka is a complete MBRL system, each Pinaka battery consists of: six launcher vehicles, each with 7 in – 17 ft 0 in)
12 rockets; six loader-replenishment vehicles; three replenishment vehicles; two Command Post
Diameter 122–214 mm
vehicle (one stand by) with a Fire Control computer, and the DIGICORA MET radar. A battery of six
(4.8–8.4 in)
launchers can neutralise an area of 1,000 m × 800 m.

The Army generally deploys a battery that has a total of 72 rockets. All of the 72 rockets can be fired Caliber
in 44 seconds, taking out an area of 1 km2 . Each launcher can fire in a different direction too. The 122 mm
system has the flexibility to fire all the rockets in one go or only a few.[39] This is made possible with (4.8 in) (ERR
a fire control computer. There is a command post linking together all the six launchers in a battery. 122)
Each launcher has an individual computer which enables it to function autonomously in case it gets 214 mm
separated from the other five vehicles in a war.[39] (8.4 in)
(Pinaka Mk-I,
K J Daniel, Project Director, Pinaka, calls it “a system” and explains how massive each system is. A
Mk-I
Pinaka battery has six launchers, six loader vehicles, six replenishment vehicles, two vehicles for
ferrying the command post and a vehicle for carrying the meteorological radar, which will provide Enhanced,
data on winds.[39] MK-II,
Guided
Pinaka)
Modes of operation
Barrels 12
The launcher can operate in the following modes: Elevation 55°
Traverse 90°
Autonomous mode. The launcher is fully controlled by a fire control computer (FCC). The
microprocessor on the launcher automatically executes the commands received from the FCC, giving Rate of fire 12 rockets per
the operator the status of the system on displays and indicators.[40] launcher or 72
rockets per
Stand-alone mode: In this mode, the launcher is not linked to the FCC operator, and the operator at battery under 44
the console enters all the commands for laying of the launcher system and selection of firing seconds
parameters.[40]
Effective firing range 37.5 km
Remote mode: In this mode, a remote control unit carried outside the cabin up to a distance of about (23.3 mi) to
200 m can be used to control the launcher system, the launcher site and to unload the fired rocket 75 km (47 mi)
pods from the launcher.[40] Maximum firing range 90 km
(56 mi)[7][9]
Manual mode: All launcher operations including laying of the system and firing are manually
controlled. This mode is envisaged in the situations where the microprocessor fails or where there is Warhead HMX (high
no power to activate the microprocessor-based operator's console.[40] explosive
fragmentation,
The Pinaka was tested in the Kargil conflict and proved its effectiveness. Since then it has been cluster munition–
inducted into the Indian Army and series production has been ordered. The Pinaka MBRL is stated to
incendiary, anti-
be cheaper than other systems. It costs ₹2.3 crore (US$290,000) per system compared to the M270
personnel, anti-
which costs ₹19.5 crore (US$2.4 million).
tank, mine-
Salient features[40] laying)
Warhead weight 100 kg (220 lb)
Use of state-of-the-art technologies for improved combat performance
to 250 kg
Total operational time optimised for shoot & scoot capability (550 lb)
Cabin pressurisation for crew protection in addition to blast shields
Detonation Contact,
Microprocessor-based fully automatic positioning and fire control console mechanism proximity and
Night vision devices for driver and crew
electronic time
Neutralisation/destruction of the exposed troop concentrations, B-Class military land fuze
vehicles and other such soft targets
 Neutralisation of enemy guns/rocket locations Engine T-930 multi-fuel
Laying of anti-personnel and anti-tank mines at a short notice. turbocharged V8
engine with
Orders intercooler
Payload capacity 22 tonne
The Pinaka project has been a significant success for the DRDO and its development partners in Suspension Leaf spring and
developing and delivering a state of the art, high value project to the Indian Army's demanding air suspension
specifications. While DRDO was responsible for the overall design and development, its partners
with telescopic
played a significant role in developing important subsystems and components. They include Tata
shock absorbers
Power SED, Larsen & Toubro, Solar Industries, Munitions India Limited and Yantra India Limited.
Propellant High-energy
The first Pinaka regiment was raised in February 2000. Each regiment consists of three batteries of six composite solid
Pinakas each, plus reserves.[41] On 29 March 2006, the Indian Army awarded Tata Power SED and fuel
Larsen & Toubro's Heavy Engineering Division a contract worth ₹200 crore (US$25 million), to
Operational ~800 km
produce 40 Pinaka MBRLs each. Tata Power SED declared that it would be delivering the first units range
within six months.[42]
Flight altitude 40 km (25 mi)
On 29 October 2015, the Defence Acquisition Council (DAC) chaired by the Defence Minister of Maximum speed Rocket: Mach 4
India, cleared purchase of two more Pinaka regiments at a cost of ₹3,300 crore (US$410 million). On Launcher:
March 18, 2016, the Cabinet Committee on Security (CCS) cleared the purchase of two additional 80 km/h
Pinaka regiments.[43] To supplement the earlier 4 regiments, an order for additional six regiments was (50 mph)
cleared by the DAC on 7 November 2016.[44] Ministry of Defence signed ₹2,580 crore contract with
Guidance Ring laser gyro
BEML Limited, Tata Power SED and Larsen & Toubro on 31 August 2020 to supply six Pinaka system
regiments with 70% indigenous content by 2024.[45] inertial
navigation with
On 13 December 2023, the Ministry of Defence cleared the acquisition of 6,400 Pinaka ADM Type 2 GPS/NavIC
and Type 3 rockets at a cost of over ₹2,600 crore.[46] satellite
guidance
Deployment Accuracy >7 m to <60 m
CEP (Trajectory
Each Pinaka regiment consists of three batteries of six Pinaka launchers; each of which is capable of Correction
launching 12 rockets with a range of 40 km in a space of 44 seconds. In addition to these, a regiment System: <30 m)
also has support vehicles, a radar and a command post.[47]
Transport BEML-Tatra
The Pinaka will be operated in conjunction with the Indian Army's Firefinder radars and Swathi T813 8WD
Weapon Locating Radar of which 36 are in service and 6 are on order. The Indian Army is BEML-Tatra
networking all its artillery units together with the DRDO's Artillery Command & Control System T815 8WD
(ACCS), which acts as a force multiplier. The ACCS is now
in series production. The Pinaka units will also be able to make use of
the Indian Army's SATA (Surveillance & Target Acquisition) Units
which have been improved substantially throughout the late 1990s,
with the induction of the Searcher-1, Searcher-2 and IAI Heron UAVs
into the Indian Army, as well as the purchase of a large number of
both Israeli made and Indian made Battle Field Surveillance radars.
These have also been coupled with purchases of the Israeli LORROS
Pinaka MBRL firing Long-Range Reconnaissance and Observation System which is a
combination of FLIR/CCD system for long range day/night Pinaka rockets being fired in salvo
surveillance.[48] mode on 20 December 2019.

Presently, 10 regiments of Pinaka have now been inducted by the

Army.[49] A total of 180 launcher units are active. Each regiment has 18 launcher units. In November 2016,
the MoD has cleared a RFP for 6 more regiments.[47] This led to the signing of a contract on 31 August 2020
for six additional regiments worth of launchers at Rs 2,580 crore from Tata Power Company Ltd. (TPCL) and
engineering major Larsen & Toubro (L&T). Defence public sector undertaking Bharat Earth Movers Ltd
(BEML) which will provide the vehicles will also be part of the project.[50][51]
An 'enhanced' Pinaka rocket tested
on November 4, 2020.
The Indian Army has plans to operate a total of 16 regiments by 2022 and increase this to 22 within the next 6
years as the older Grad MLRS regiments are retired.[47] On 9 April 2022, DRDO successfully tested the
extended Pinaka MBRL at the Pokhran ranges. The extended range Pinaka MBRL is set to start replacing the
shorter range Mk-1 variant of the Indian Army soon. The extended variant has a range from 65 to 90 km which doubles the range of the artillery that
uses the DRDO-made Pinaka and Russian Grad MBRLs. In addition, the extended range Pinaka rockets can be armed with the Pinaka Area Denial
Munitions which were also tested on 9 April.

Pinaka, Pralay, Nirbhay and BrahMos will become part of the Integrated Rocket Force (IRF), a separate entity from Strategic Forces Command
(SFC).[52][53]

Future Plans
 The Pinaka is in the process of further improvement. Israel Military Industries teamed up with DRDO to
implement its Trajectory Correction System (TCS) on the Pinaka, for further improvement of its CEP. This has
been trialled and has shown excellent results.[54] The rockets can also be guided by GPS to improve their
accuracy. A wraparound microstrip antenna has been developed by DRDO for this system.[55]

While the Pinaka will not be developed further into a larger system, its success and the experience gained
from the programme has led the ARDE and its partner organisations, to launch a project to develop a long
Pinaka-ER. range MRL similar to the Smerch MRLS. A 7.2-metre rocket for the Pinaka MBRL, which can reach a
distance of 120 km and carry a 250 kg payload will be developed.[56] These new rockets can be fired in 44
seconds, have a maximum speed of mach 4.7, rise to an altitude of 40 km before hitting its target at Mach 1.8.
Integrating UAVs with the Pinaka is also in the pipeline, as DRDO intends to install guidance systems on these rockets to increase their accuracy.
Sagem completed delivery of its Sigma 30 laser-gyro artillery navigation and pointing system to be equipped with the Pinaka multiple launch rocket
system in June 2010.[57] The Sigma 30 artillery navigation and pointing system is designed for high-precision firing at short notice.

Exports
Armenia signed a combined deal worth ₹2,000 crore (equivalent to ₹21 billion or US$265 million in 2023) for 4 Pinaka batteries and other defense
equipment. The order includes supplies of extended range and guided rocket for Pinaka system in the future.The order has been supplied in July
2023.[58][59] Indonesia and Nigeria have also shown interest in Pinaka multi-barrel rocket launcher.[60][61]

Specifications
Pinaka Pinaka Pinaka Pinaka Mk-I Guided Pinaka Mk-II Pinaka Mk-III
ERR 122 Pinaka Mk-III
Mk-I ADM Mk-II Enhanced Pinaka ER ER

60 km 45 km 75 km 40 km 90 km
Range 37.5 km (23.3 mi) 120 km (75 mi) 200 km (120 mi)
(37 mi) (28 mi) (47 mi) (25 mi) (56 mi)

5.17 m 4.72 m 5.17 m 2.91 m (9 ft

Length 4.88 m (16.0 ft)
(17.0 ft) (15.5 ft) (17.0 ft) 7 in)
Rocket 122 mm
214 mm (8.4 in)
Diameter (4.8 in)

100 kg
(220 lb) +
additional
15 kg (33 lb)
Warhead
100 kg (220 lb) for 21 kg (46 lb)
weight
guidance,
navigation
and control
kit

Rocket 325 kg 280 kg 325 kg 66.5 kg

277.4 kg (612 lb)
Weight (717 lb) (620 lb) (717 lb) (147 lb)
Propellant 131.5 kg 111 kg 131.5 kg 26.8 kg
100 kg (220 lb)
Weight (290 lb) (245 lb) (290 lb) (59 lb)

40 rockets in
Rate of fire Approximately 44 seconds.
20 seconds

≤ 60m and
<30m (CEP)
with
Accuracy ≤ 1.5% range ≤ 1.5% range
Trajectory
Correction
System
Salvo
4 minutes. Unknown
reload time

Warheads PF, RHE DPICM PF, RHE HEPF, RHE

Contact and
Detonation Unknown
Contact + Delay, Electronic time and Proximity fuze Proximity
mechanism
fuze
Inertial
navigation
Guidance Free flight system + Free flight
Satellite
navigation

6 flat
wrapped 4 curved
Flight 4 curved wrapped around
6 flat wrapped around fins around fins wrapped
stabilization fins
(without fin around fins
cant)

2
detachable
Launching Fixed cluster
2 detachable pods, each carrying 6 rockets pods, each
pod of 40 rockets
carrying 4
rockets

Based on a Kolos Tatra truck for high mobility. The truck is

rebadged in India by BEML.
The truck features a central type regulation system; the driver can
adjust the tyre pressure to suit the terrain for optimum mobility.
A total of six launchers per battery.
Launchers are NBC protected, have their own computerized fire Upgraded
control system, and automatic positioning system. BM-21 Grad
Launcher by Larsen &
Designed for shoot and scoot fire missions by using inertial
Toubro.[63][64]
navigation system.[62]
A battery of six launchers can neutralize an area of roughly 1,000
× 800 m at 40 km range.
The launcher assembly has electro-magnetic elevation and
traverse, with traverse being 90° left and right of the centreline and
elevation up to 55°
 DAC User DAC
Induction
Status (as of cleared Assisted User trials cleared Under Under Under
complete.
December Technical Under trials.
2023)
Under bulk procurement
Trial complete.[66] procurement testing.[68][69] development.[70][71] development.[72]
production. proposal.[65] complete. proposal.[67]

Operators
India

Indian Army - 10 regiments or 180 launchers of Pinaka Mk-I in service as of

2023.[73] Total 22 regiments of MK-I & MK-II are planned.[74]

Armenia

Armenian Ground Forces - 4 batteries or 24 launchers ordered in September 2022.

Delivered in July 2023.[59]
Map of Pinaka MBRL operators in blue

See also
India portal

Rocketry portal

ASTROS II
BM-21 Grad
BM-27
T-122 Sakarya
Fajr-5
TOROS
Falaq-2
M142 HIMARS
M270 Multiple Launch Rocket System
TOS-1
Weishi Rockets
9A52-4 Tornado

References
1. Arya, Shishir (11 December 2021). "Pvt co, PSU test firepower of Pinaka rocket new version" (https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/c
ity/nagpur/pvt-co-psu-test-firepower-of-pinaka-rocket-new-versions/articleshow/88214856.cms). Times of India. TNN. Retrieved
11 December 2021.
2. "Tata Group, L&T to build six Pinaka rocket regiments for Army" (https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tata-group-lt-to-build-six-
pinaka-rocket-regiments-for-army/article32488946.ece/amp/). The Hindu. PIB. 31 August 2020. Retrieved 25 March 2022.
3. "Indian MoD orders six regiments' worth of Pinaka multi-barrel rocket launchers" (https://www.janes.com/defence-news/news-detai
l/indian-mod-orders-six-regiments-worth-of-pinaka-multi-barrel-rocket-launchers). Janes.com.
4. "Pinaka Multibarrel Rocket Launcher" (https://web.archive.org/web/20141223201044/http://www.fas.org/man/dod-101/sys/land/ro
w/pinaka.htm). Archived from the original (http://www.fas.org-101/sys/land/row/pinaka.htm) on 23 December 2014. Retrieved
23 December 2014. {{cite web}}: Check |url= value (help))
5. Dominguez, Gabriel. "India tests enhanced version of rocket used by Pinaka MRL" (https://www.janes.com/defence-news/india-tes
ts-enhanced-version-of-rocket-used-by-pinaka-mrl/). Janes. Retrieved 4 November 2020.
6. Gupta, Shishir (4 November 2020). "IN dia test-fires long range Pinaka rocket system, will be deployed to counter China" (https://w
ww.hindustantimes.com/india-news/india-successfully-test-fires-enhanced-version-of-pinaka-rocket-system/story-waLts08Nqlq01c
wHhACqjN.html). Hindustan Times. ANI. Retrieved 4 November 2020.
7. "Pinaka Rocket" (http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=157988). Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/201708272220
03/http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=157988) from the original on 27 August 2017.
8. "Pinaka missile successfully test-fired, extended range version hit targets at 90 kms" (https://www.aninews.in/news/national/gener
al-news/pinaka-missile-successfully-test-fired-extended-range-version-hit-targets-at-90-kms20191220122212/). Asian News
International. 20 December 2019. Retrieved 20 December 2019.
9. "Rocket science [ID18D3] | Jane's 360" (https://www.janes.com/article/84450/rocket-science-id18d3).
10. "PINAKA Mk-I and Mk-II | Defence Research and Development Organisation - DRDO, Ministry of Defence, Government of India" (h
ttps://www.drdo.gov.in/pinaka-mk-i-and-mk-ii). www.drdo.gov.in. Retrieved 12 April 2021.
11. "India to increase production of indigenously developed rocket 'Pinaka' " (https://web.archive.org/web/20180214173105/http://ww
w.business-standard.com/article/news-ani/india-to-increase-production-of-indigenously-developed-rocket-pinaka-115040500033_
1.html). Business Standard India. Wayback Machine. 5 April 2015. Archived from the original (http://www.business-standard.com/ar
ticle/news-ani/india-to-increase-production-of-indigenously-developed-rocket-pinaka-115040500033_1.html) on 14 February
2018. Retrieved 14 February 2018.
12. "Pinaka rocket system wins DRDO award" (https://web.archive.org/web/20131004220531/http://www.sakaaltimes.com/NewsDetail
s.aspx?NewsId=5055142784656506184&SectionId=5171561142064258099SectionName%3DPune&NewsTitle=Pinaka%20roc
ket%20system%20wins%20DRDO%20award). Sakaal Times. 22 April 2013. Archived from the original (http://www.sakaaltimes.co
m/NewsDetails.aspx?NewsId=5055142784656506184&SectionId=5171561142064258099SectionName=Pune&NewsTitle=Pina
ka%20rocket%20system%20wins%20DRDO%20award) on 4 October 2013. Retrieved 24 July 2013.
13. "Union Government cleared 1500 crore Rupees Proposal for Pinaka Rockets" (http://www.jagranjosh.com/current-affairs/union-go
vernment-cleared-1500-crore-rupees-proposal-for-pinaka-rockets-1364198034-1). Jagran Josh. 25 March 2013. Archived (https://w
eb.archive.org/web/20130808185501/http://www.jagranjosh.com/current-affairs/union-government-cleared-1500-crore-rupees-pro
posal-for-pinaka-rockets-1364198034-1) from the original on 8 August 2013. Retrieved 24 July 2013.
14. "Pinaka Rockets" (http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=112681). PIB, Govt of India. Archived (https://web.archive.org/
web/20141211145808/http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=112681) from the original on 11 December 2014.
Retrieved 6 December 2014.
15. Pinaka MBRL (http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/india/pinaka.htm) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/200711031249
19/http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/india/pinaka.htm) 3 November 2007 at the Wayback Machine on GlobalSecurity.org
16. Pubby, Manu. "First rockets produced by private sector successfully test fired" (https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defenc
e/first-rockets-produced-by-private-sector-successfully-test-fired/articleshow/77646051.cms). The Economic Times. Retrieved
22 August 2020.
17. "Press Information Bureau" (http://pib.nic.in/newsite/erelease.aspx?relid=(Release%20ID%20:157308)). Archived (https://web.arch
ive.org/web/20170113132731/http://pib.nic.in/newsite/erelease.aspx?relid=%28Release%20ID%20%3A157308%29) from the
original on 13 January 2017. Retrieved 12 January 2017.
18. "Press Information Bureau" (http://pib.nic.in/newsite/erelease.aspx?relid=(Release%20ID%20:157988)). Archived (https://web.arch
ive.org/web/20170205100118/http://pib.nic.in/newsite/erelease.aspx?relid=%28Release%20ID%20%3A157988%29) from the
original on 5 February 2017. Retrieved 4 February 2017.
19. "Successful Test of Pinaka 214mm MBRL" (https://web.archive.org/web/20131224113608/http://asiandefencenewstoday.blogspot.
com/2013/02/successfully-test-fired-for-indian-made.html). Archived from the original (http://asiandefencenewstoday.blogspot.com/
2013/02/successfully-test-fired-for-indian-made.html) on 24 December 2013.
20. "Successful Test of Pinaka MK-II Rocket System" (https://web.archive.org/web/20131224110603/http://www.defencenews.in/defen
ce-news-internal.asp?get=new&id=2740). Defence News. 21 December 2013. Archived from the original (http://www.defencenew
s.in/defence-news-internal.asp?get=new&id=2740) on 24 December 2013. Retrieved 22 December 2013.
21. "Advanced Pinaka with new technology test fired" (http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/odisha/Advanced-Pinaka-with-new-te
chnology-test-fired/2016/05/21/article3444037.ece). The New Indian Express. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20160522172
915/http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/odisha/Advanced-Pinaka-with-new-technology-test-fired/2016/05/21/article3444037.
ece) from the original on 22 May 2016. Retrieved 23 May 2016.
22. "Pinaka rockets test fired" (http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/odisha/Pinaka-rockets-test-fired/2016/05/24/article3448142.e
ce). The New Indian Express. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20160525142608/http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/o
disha/Pinaka-rockets-test-fired/2016/05/24/article3448142.ece) from the original on 25 May 2016. Retrieved 25 May 2016.
23. "Guided Pinaka test fired successfully again - Times of India" (http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/guided-pinaka-test-fired-suc
cessfully-again/articleshow/56759830.cms). The Times of India. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20170124220437/http://tim
esofindia.indiatimes.com/india/guided-pinaka-test-fired-successfully-again/articleshow/56759830.cms) from the original on 24
January 2017. Retrieved 24 January 2017.
24. "Guided Pinaka rocket successfully test fired - The Economic Times" (http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/guided-p
inaka-rocket-successfully-test-fired/articleshow/56759013.cms). The Economic Times. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/2017
0124130410/http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/guided-pinaka-rocket-successfully-test-fired/articleshow/5675901
3.cms) from the original on 24 January 2017. Retrieved 24 January 2017.
25. Bhat, Aditya. "India tests new improved guided Pinaka rockets ahead of Republic Day 2017" (http://www.ibtimes.co.in/india-tests-n
ew-improved-guided-pinaka-rockets-ahead-republic-day-2017-713469). International Business Times, India Edition. Archived (http
s://web.archive.org/web/20170126073702/http://www.ibtimes.co.in/india-tests-new-improved-guided-pinaka-rockets-ahead-republi
c-day-2017-713469) from the original on 26 January 2017. Retrieved 24 January 2017.
26. "Upgraded Pinaka rocket successfully test-fired, range now 70km" (https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/upgraded-pinaka-r
ocket-successfully-test-fired-range-now-70km/story-3oo3H7g7CWImmbbP4B7fiM.html). hindustantimes.com/. 30 May 2018.
Retrieved 1 June 2018.
27. "Upgraded Pinaka rocket successfully test-fired" (https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/upgraded-pinaka-rocket-suc
cessfully-test-fired/articleshow/64383582.cms). The Economic Times. 30 May 2018. Retrieved 1 June 2018.
28. "Boost to Indian Army artillery capability! Pinaka guided weapons system successfully test fired" (https://www.financialexpress.co
m/defence/boost-to-indian-army-artillery-capability-pinaka-guided-weapons-system-successfully-test-fired/1512518/). 11 March
2019.
29. "Pinaka missile system successfully flight-tested for 2nd day" (https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/pinaka-missile-
system-successfully-flight-tested-for-2nd-day/articleshow/72902536.cms). The Economic Times. 20 December 2019. Retrieved
21 December 2019.
30. Arya, Shishir (11 December 2021). "Pvt co, PSU test firepower of Pinaka rocket new versions" (https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/
city/nagpur/pvt-co-psu-test-firepower-of-pinaka-rocket-new-versions/articleshow/88214856.cms). The Times of India. Retrieved
11 December 2021.
31. Waje, Hemant (4 November 2020). "DRDO successfully test-fires advanced Pinaka rockets" (https://www.rediff.com/news/report/dr
do-successfully-test-fires-advanced-pinaka-rockets/20201104.htm). Rediff. ANI. Retrieved 4 November 2020.
32. Gupta, Shishir (4 November 2020). "India test-fires long range Pinaka rocket system, will be deployed to counter China" (https://w
ww.hindustantimes.com/india-news/india-successfully-test-fires-enhanced-version-of-pinaka-rocket-system/story-waLts08Nqlq01c
wHhACqjN.html). Hindustan Times. ANI. Retrieved 4 November 2020.
33. Gupta, Shishir (28 June 2021). "India successfully test-fires Agni P, a new missile in Agni series" (https://www.hindustantimes.com/
india-news/india-successfully-test-fires-agni-p-a-new-missile-in-agni-series-101624863307818.html). Hindustan Times. Retrieved
28 June 2021.
34. "DRDO successfully test fires Enhanced Range 122mm Caliber Rocket" (https://pib.gov.in/PressReleseDetail.aspx?PRID=17303
50). Press Information Bureau. 25 June 2021.
35. Ray, Meenakshi (26 June 2021). "India successfully test-fires Pinaka rockets, can destroy targets up to 45km" (https://www.hindust
antimes.com/india-news/india-successfully-test-fires-pinaka-rockets-can-destroy-targets-up-to-45km-101624664939787.html).
Hindustan Times. Retrieved 27 June 2021.
36. Kulkarni, Sushant (16 December 2021). "Developed by two Pune-based facilities of DRDO, Pinaka-ER missile and ancillary
systems tested successfully" (https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/pune/pune-drdo-pinaka-er-missile-ancillary-systems-tested-7
675366/). The Indian Express. Retrieved 24 August 2022.
37. Kulkarni, Sushant (10 April 2022). "Enhanced Pinaka ready for user trials after tests in Pokhran" (https://indianexpress.com/article/i
ndia/enhanced-pinaka-ready-for-user-trials-after-tests-in-pokhran-7861962/). The Indian Express. Retrieved 24 August 2022.
38. Anand, Nisha (24 August 2022). "Watch: Indigenous Pinaka extended range rockets running through trials" (https://www.hindustant
imes.com/india-news/watch-indigenous-pinaka-extended-range-rockets-running-through-trials-101661315929246.html).
Hindustan Times. Retrieved 24 August 2022.
39. Subramanian, T (15 October 2009). "Bang on target" (https://web.archive.org/web/20101218102814/http://flonnet.com/fl2621/storie
s/20091023262110900.htm). Frontline Magazine (The Hindu). Archived from the original (http://www.flonnet.com/fl2621/stories/20
091023262110900.htm) on 18 December 2010. Retrieved 29 May 2011.
40. Pinaka MRLS at Indian-Military.org (http://www.indian-military.org/army/artillery/multi-barrel-rocket-launcher/251-pinaka-multi-barre
l-rocket-launcher.html) Archived (https://archive.today/20120802070106/http://www.indian-military.org/army/artillery/multi-barrel-roc
ket-launcher/251-pinaka-multi-barrel-rocket-launcher.html) 2 August 2012 at archive.today
41. "Defense19" (https://web.archive.org/web/20141223202710/http://www.india-defence.com/reports-3961). Archived from the
original (http://www.india-defence.com/reports-3961) on 23 December 2014. Retrieved 23 December 2014.
42. Press Trust of India (3 April 2006). "Tata, L&T bag orders for Pinaka rocket launcher" (https://web.archive.org/web/2007121700443
7/http://www.indianexpress.com/story/1662.html). The Indian Express. Archived from the original (http://www.indianexpress.com/st
ory/1662.html) on 17 December 2007. Retrieved 15 November 2007.
43. "Big boost: Army to get ammo worth Rs 15,000 cr - Times of India" (http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Big-boost-Army-to-get-a
mmo-worth-Rs-15000-cr/articleshow/51465947.cms). The Times of India. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20160319092855/
http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Big-boost-Army-to-get-ammo-worth-Rs-15000-cr/articleshow/51465947.cms) from the
original on 19 March 2016. Retrieved 19 March 2016.
44. "MoD clears defence deals worth over Rs 82,000 crore, procurement of 83 Tejas jets and 464 tanks - The Economic Times" (http://
economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/mod-clears-defence-deals-worth-over-rs-82000-crore-procurement-of-83-tejas-jets-a
nd-464-tanks/articleshow/55295197.cms). The Economic Times. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20161108072236/http://ec
onomictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/mod-clears-defence-deals-worth-over-rs-82000-crore-procurement-of-83-tejas-jets-and
-464-tanks/articleshow/55295197.cms) from the original on 8 November 2016. Retrieved 7 November 2016.
45. Som, Vishnu (31 August 2020). "Government Signs Rs 2,580 Crore Pact For Pinaka Rocket Launcher Systems" (https://www.ndtv.
com/india-news/government-signs-rs-2-580-crore-pact-for-pinaka-rocket-launcher-systems-2288218). NDTV. Retrieved 29 August
2022.
46. Dubey, Ajit (13 December 2023). "Defence Ministry approves Rs 2800 crore rockets for Pinaka weapon system" (https://www.anine
ws.in/news/national/general-news/defence-ministry-approves-rs-2800-crore-rockets-for-pinaka-weapon-system2023121319582
5/). ANI. Retrieved 14 December 2023.
47. "Indian Army looking at increasing Pinaka rocket regiments to 22 within a decade" (https://web.archive.org/web/20161209133821/
http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/indian-army-looking-at-increasing-pinaka-rocket-regiments-to-22-within-a-deca
de/articleshow/55852579.cms). The Economic Times. Archived from the original (http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defen
ce/indian-army-looking-at-increasing-pinaka-rocket-regiments-to-22-within-a-decade/articleshow/55852579.cms) on 9 December
2016. Retrieved 9 December 2016.
48. "Ministry of Defence Government of India" (http://www.mod.nic.in). Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20100829230458/http://w
ww.mod.nic.in/) from the original on 29 August 2010. Retrieved 23 December 2014.
49. "At Par With HIMARS! Why Indian Pinaka MBRLS For Armenia Is Giving Sleepless Nights To Azerbaijan" (https://web.archive.org/
web/20230728031239/https://www.eurasiantimes.com/at-par-with-himars-why-indian-pinaka-mbrls-for-armenia/?amp). Eurasian
Times. Archived from the original (https://www.eurasiantimes.com/at-par-with-himars-why-indian-pinaka-mbrls-for-armenia/?amp)
on 28 July 2023. Retrieved 17 January 2024.
50. PTI (1 September 2020). "Defence Ministry Inks Rs 2,580-Crore Deal To Procure Pinaka Rocket Launchers" (https://thewire.in/sec
urity/defence-ministry-inks-rs-2580-crore-deal-to-procure-pinaka-rocket-launchers). TheWire.in. Archived (https://web.archive.org/w
eb/20200901074611/https://thewire.in/security/defence-ministry-inks-rs-2580-crore-deal-to-procure-pinaka-rocket-launchers) from
the original on 1 September 2020. Retrieved 1 September 2020.
51. "Indian MoD orders six regiments' worth of Pinaka multi-barrel rocket launchers" (https://www.janes.com/defence-news/news-detai
l/indian-mod-orders-six-regiments-worth-of-pinaka-multi-barrel-rocket-launchers). Janes.com. Retrieved 17 January 2024.
52. "Will India finally have a dedicated rocket force?" (https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/will-india-finally-have-a-dedicated-rock
et-force/articleshow/100291322.cms?from=mdr). The Times of India. 17 May 2023. ISSN 0971-8257 (https://www.worldcat.org/iss
n/0971-8257). Retrieved 15 November 2023.
53. Bommakanti, Kartik (27 May 2023). "Integrated rocket force: Imperfect but a step in the right direction" (https://www.orfonline.org/ex
pert-speak/integrated-rocket-force/). Observer Research Foundation. Retrieved 15 November 2023.
54. "TCS" (https://web.archive.org/web/20081020112540/http://www.israeli-weapons.com/weapons/missile_systems/artillery/tcs/TCS.
html). Archived from the original (http://www.israeli-weapons.com/weapons/missile_systems/artillery/tcs/TCS.html) on 20 October
2008. Retrieved 23 December 2014.
55. "DRDO::Electronics" (https://web.archive.org/web/20081210053255/http://www.drdo.org/Electronics/antenna.html). Archived from
the original on 10 December 2008. Retrieved 23 December 2014.
56. Mathews, Neelam (17 September 2020). "PREMIUM: India ignites production of Pinaka II rocket systems - Land Warfare -
Shephard Media" (https://www.shephardmedia.com/news/landwarfareintl/india-ignites-production-pinaka-ii-rocket-systems/).
Shephard. Retrieved 27 June 2021.
57. "Global Defence Systems - News and Headlines - IHS Jane's 360" (http://www.janes.com/news/defence/systems/jmr/jmr100628_2
_n.shtml). Retrieved 23 December 2014.
58. Pubby, Manu (29 September 2022). "Arming Armenia: India to export missiles, rockets and ammunition" (https://economictimes.ind
iatimes.com/news/defence/arming-armenia-india-to-export-missiles-rockets-and-ammunition/articleshow/94518414.cms).
59. Pubby, Manu (27 July 2023). "Pinaka reached Armenia via Iran" (https://theprint.in/defence/azerbaijan-protests-after-reports-sugge
sting-indian-made-weapons-entered-armenia-through-iran/1689155/).
60. "Armenia to get Pinaka rockets, Nigeria, Indonesia too shown interest: Defence firm Solar Industries" (https://www.aninews.in/new
s/national/general-news/armenia-to-get-pinaka-rockets-nigeria-indonesia-too-shown-interest-defence-firm-solar-industries202210
18190911/).
61. "DefExpo 2022: India to export Pinaka rocket launcher to Armenia; Nigeria, Indonesia show interest" (https://www.firstpost.com/indi
a/defexpo-2022-india-to-export-pinaka-rocket-launcher-to-armenia-nigeria-indonesia-show-interest-11472521.html). 18 October
2022.
62. "India orders SIGMA 95 and SIGMA 30 systems from Sagem Défense Sécurité" (https://web.archive.org/web/20081121062252/htt
p://frontierindia.net/india-orders-sigma-95-and-sigma-30-systems-from-sagem-defense-securite). Frontier India Defence and
Strategic News Service. 22 February 2008. Archived from the original (http://frontierindia.net/india-orders-sigma-95-and-sigma-30-
systems-from-sagem-defense-securite) on 21 November 2008. Retrieved 23 May 2008.
63. KK, Sruthijith (6 April 2013). "Ashok Leyland-L&T consortium emerges lowest bidder for Rs 100-cr contract" (https://economictime
s.indiatimes.com/industry/indl-goods/svs/engineering/army-trucks-ashok-leyland-lt-consortium-emerges-lowest-bidder-for-rs-100-c
r-contract/articleshow/19407966.cms). The Economic Times. Retrieved 30 June 2021.
64. "Subhash Bhamre flags off Larsen & Toubro's defence systems" (https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/subhash-bh
amre-flags-off-larsen-toubros-defence-systems/articleshow/65882553.cms). The Economic Times. 20 September 2018. Retrieved
30 June 2021.
65. "Defence ministry approves Rs 2,800 crore rockets for Pinaka weapon system" (https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/defence-
ministry-approves-rs-2800-crore-rockets-for-pinaka-weapon-system/articleshow/105963343.cms?from=mdr). The Times of India.
13 December 2023. ISSN 0971-8257 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0971-8257). Retrieved 14 December 2023.
66. "User trials of enhanced range Pinaka rockets successfully completed at Balasore, Pokhran - VISUALS" (https://www.timesnowne
ws.com/india/user-trials-of-enhanced-range-pinaka-rockets-successfully-completed-at-balasore-pokhran-visuals-article-9384487
9). TimesNow. 29 August 2022. Retrieved 29 August 2022.
67. Peri, Dinakar (27 September 2022). "LAC standoff | Army deploys entire range of medium range artillery and long range rockets as
part of reorientation" (https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/lac-standoff-army-deploys-entire-range-of-medium-range-artillery-a
nd-long-range-rockets-as-part-of-reorientation/article65941417.ece). The Hindu. ISSN 0971-751X (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0
971-751X). Retrieved 27 September 2022.
68. Pandey, Mohit (20 December 2019). "Pinaka Missile System With Extended 90-Km Range Successfully Testfired Off Odisha
Coast" (https://english.newsnationtv.com/india/news/pinaka-missile-system-with-extended-90-km-range-successfully-testfired-off-o
disha-coast-248163.html). News Nation English. Retrieved 27 June 2021.
69. Katoch (Retd), Lt. General P.C. (4 January 2020). "Upgraded Pinaka Rocket System" (http://www.spslandforces.com/experts-spea
k/?id=594&h=Upgraded-Pinaka-Rocket-System). SPS Land Forces. Retrieved 27 June 2020.
70. Kulkarni, Sushant (16 December 2021). "Developed by two Pune-based facilities of DRDO, Pinaka-ER missile and ancillary
systems tested successfully" (https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/pune/pune-drdo-pinaka-er-missile-ancillary-systems-tested-7
675366/). The Indian Express. Retrieved 17 January 2024.
71. Negi, Manjeet (17 January 2024). "India planning to develop 120 km, 200 km rockets for Pinaka system" (https://www.indiatoday.i
n/india/story/india-drdo-rockets-pinaka-system-capable-hitting-enemy-targets-at-200-km-distance-2489821-2024-01-17). India
Today. Retrieved 17 January 2024.
72. Pubby, Manu (17 January 2024). "DRDO rushes to build 200km rockets with China in mind" (https://economictimes.indiatimes.co
m/news/defence/drdo-rushes-to-build-200km-rockets-with-china-in-mind/articleshow/106907081.cms?from=mdr). The Economic
Times. ISSN 0013-0389 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0013-0389). Retrieved 17 January 2024.
73. "At Par With HIMARS! Why Indian Pinaka MBRLS For Armenia Is Giving Sleepless Nights To Azerbaijan" (https://www.eurasianti
mes.com/at-par-with-himars-why-indian-pinaka-mbrls-for-armenia/?amp). 28 July 2023. Retrieved 12 August 2023.
74. "pinaka: First Pinaka export: Private companies to lead from front - The Economic Times" (https://m.economictimes.com/news/defe
nce/first-pinaka-export-private-companies-to-lead-from-front/amp_articleshow/94542885.cms). m.economictimes.com. Retrieved
12 August 2023.

External links
Technical:

DRDO Technology Focus : Warhead for Missiles, Torpedoes and Rockets (https://www.drdo.gov.in/sites/default/files/technology-fo
cus-documrnt/TF_May-Jun_2018_web.pdf)
Artillery Rocket Systems (https://www.drdo.gov.in/sites/default/files/technology-focus-documrnt/TF_Dec_2019_Web.pdf)
Media related to Pinaka multi-barrel rocket launcher at Wikimedia Commons

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pinaka_multi-barrel_rocket_launcher&oldid=1196436353"