Features 1st Year All Subjects ¢ Anatomy Physiology _ Pharmaceutics | * Pharmacognosy ¢ Biochemistry * MicrobiologyTable of contents 1) ANATOMY 2) BIOCHEMISTRY 3) PHARMACEUTICS 4) PHYSIOLOGY 5) MICROMIOLOGY 6) PHARMACOGNOSY il 41 67 123Topic 1: Introd “Anatomy is the scientific study of Gross Anatomy is the study anatomy or surface anatomy, Generally, gross anatomy i anatomy; therefore, gross a ranches of Anatomy ‘The discipline of anatomy is juction'to Anatomy & Anatomical Positions ing their systems, organs, and tissues, the structure of organisms incl divided into macroscopic and microscopic anatomy. of structures large enough to be seen with the naked eye, and also includes super the study by sight of the external body feature i s studied on dead bodies because you cannot dissect a li natomy is also known as cadaveric anatomy. ing human just to study ‘There are two approaches to study gross anatomy: Systemic Approach Regional Approach. Ina systemic approach, the human body is stu human body is studied in different regions. Systematic anatomy: the study of the structure and function of various organs or parts that comprise,a, ifferent systems and in the regional approach, the in ‘organ system ftieroscopie anatomy involves the use of optical instruments in the study of the tissues of various structures, known as histology and embryology (the study of an organism in its immature condition). : a , Tistology, or the study of the microscopic structure of organs, tissues, and cells. It deals with the study: microscopic details of tissues that make the human body. > Embryology, also known as developmental anatomy, which is the study of embryo development from: Applied anatomy: It is the direct application of facts of human anatomy to medi single-celled zygote to a fully formed fetus, ine and surgery. Applied and clinical anatomy are the same. Aurface Anatomy: also called superfici is Eortace Anatomy perficial anatomy and visual anatomy, on is the study of the extemal features! A branch of gross anatomy th i i A branch that examines shapes and markings on the surface of the body as they relate todTerm Definition Example ‘Superior Abovelanother structure ‘The heart is superior to the stomach. Inferior Below nother structure "The stomach is inferior o the heart, “Anterior! Ventral Posterior/Dorsal ‘Toward the front of the body The kneecap is located on the anterior side of tie leg, “Toward the back of the body i “The shoulder blades are Tocated on the posterior side of the body Medial “Toward the midline of the body “The nose is medial tothe eyes ‘(The midlines divide the body into equal Fight and left sides) Taterat Fartheraway from the midline or toward | The ears are lateral to the nase the side of the bod Proximal ‘Closer the point oFattachment ofa limb | The elbow is proximal to the wrist Distal Farther from the point oFattachment ofa | The foot is distal fo the knee. limb Superficial “Toward the surface ofthe body ‘The skin is superficial fo the muscle Deep ‘Away from the surface of the Body The skeleton is deep to the skin McQs: 1) Study that deals with sintural organization of the human body is called. a) pathology b) physiology c) biology dyénatomy 2) Avay from central axis of body means 4) axial region b) medial region Peripheral d) central 3) Which of the following refers to soft body organs? 8) parietal b) dorsal c) lateral dy Visceral 4) When the body is divided into imaginary midline, which term is used? ‘¢yfhedial d) distal 3) Posterior region of body is also called as 4) lateral) ventral e)peripheral €yGorsal 6) Examining the plantar surface of body means a) back of hand b) upper surface of foot 8fole of foot d) palm of hand 5 8) proximal b) ant7) When referring to the front, the body position is 2) proximal b) peripheral c) lateral é¥nterior 8) The position farther from body midlines refers to ayfcentral bf ateral c) proximal d) inferior 9) Which of the following position means towards trunk of body? 2) Broximal b) medial c) distal d) superficial ee : : ; 10) Which of the following refers to walls of body cavity or membrane lining 2) proximal b) peripheral c) visceral dyparietal 1) A membrane that covers intemal organs or body cavity is called aY parietal b) dorsal c}Visceral d) plasma membrane 12) Study of microscopic details of tissue that make up the human body is éalled 4) embryology b) cytology ¢) gross anatomy dytiistology 13) Branch of anatomy that deals with the study of cell and its components is called a) gross anatomy WY cytology c) morphology d) histology 4) Study of siructure of the human body in relation to deeper parts is called? aff Surface anatomy b) embr yology 6) gross anatomy d) histology 15) Study of structure of human body with naked eye or without aid of micrdscope, is called? 8) surface anatomy b) embryology of Gros anatomy d) histologyTopic 2: The Human Skeleton 16) The human skeleton rigid framework, consists of how many b 2) 218 b) 120 6) 206 a) 170 — 17) Which of the following bone is called breast bone? a) ribs b) humerus e) pelvis dSternum 18) The bottom of sternum is\called 4) manubrium b) floating ribs ©} %jphoid processes d) blade 19) The body of sternum is directly connected with 2) first two ribs b) 3rd to sth ribs c) 3rd to 10th ribs dYSrd to 7th tibs 20) The ribs that are connected (o the spine at back but not connected to anything in front are called ' 8) fase ribs b) pseudo ribs 6) true ribs dyloting ribs 21) How many pairs of ribs are there in the human body? a) 24 b) 7 ey 12 au 2) Which of the following forms a protective cage to protect heart and Jungs from injury and shocks? | a) sternum b) manubrium c}ib cage d) costal cartilage 23) Ribs are comprised of how many bones? a) 28 b) 12 ey 4 d) 22 i 24) The first seven bones of tbs arecatled a) false ribs b) sternum: ove rue ribs d) floating ribs 25) The vertebral column in human body consists of how many bones? a) 35 b) 206 ¢) 12 4733 | s Hivided into how many regions! categories? 26) The vertebral column 3 87 oS 433 11) The first seven vertebrae are called a) thoracic vertebrae b) lumbar vertebrae c) coccyx d}érvical vertebrae 28) Which of the following vertebral region is called “tail bone”? 2) cervical byCoceyx c) lumbar d) sacrum29) ‘The vertebral region involved in respiration is a} lumbar vertebrac b) cervical vertebrae efthoracie vertebrae d) all of thon 30) Thre Longest bone in upper extremity is 1) tibia b) femur e) ulna dyfaimerus 7 5) Which ofthe following bone fs called “funny bone”? ) scapula b) sternum offumecus d) femor 22) Hand consists at how many bones? a) 29 b) 33, oT )7 33) The wrist consists of & small bones called \ 4) metacarpns b) lacsal bones ¢)Carpal hones d) phalanges, 34) How many metacarpal bones are present in pat? ay 7b) 12.0) 27 ays 35) Bones of fingers and foot ere called? 2) carpals bY phalanges c) tarsals d) tendons 36) Phalanges of hand ond font consist of how many bones? ay Ob) 274g). 37) The longest, largest and strongest bone in human body is? 0) tibia by Femur c) humerus d) wertebeal column 38) Which of the following bone is also known as “thigh bone”? a) humerus b} sternum 6} clavicle 39) Patella is also known as. femur spay Nae Dice Shoecon 4d} collar bone 40) A triangular bone between femur and fibula is eat? a) humerus bY‘patella c) clavicle d) femur 41) Tibia and bula are bones of a) upper extremity by lower extenity ) both a and ba 42) The smallest bone in human body None of these 9) humerus b) femur of Stirrup a) sternian “The place where two bones meet is catlegy 4) tendon b) ligament c) muscle djing 4d) Shoulder girdle is also fermed as2) pelvie girdle bY fectoral girdle ©) rib cage d) both a and b 45) Which of the following bone is called as collar bone? ) scapula b) stemum e) fenvur é¥laviele 46) Which of the following bone is called shoulder blade? ay Scapula b) sternum ¢) femur d) clavicle 47) Pelvic girdle is also called as a) pectoral girdle b) shoulder girdle o}fip girdle d) none of these 48) Muscles are connected to, bones by means of a) ligaments b) joints oy&ndons d) vessels 49) Bones are connected to elt other by means of a¥ ligaments b) joints c)tbndons d) vessels ANSWER KEY ic 1 Anatomi ia Td 26 aa ae 3.4 66 Td 8b 9a 10d Te 12.4 13.6 Tia TS. ' 7 nan Skelet 16.¢ ind Tee 19.4 2.4 2I.¢ 22:6 23.6 24.6 25.4 26.€ 274 28.0 29.6 30.4 31.e 32 33. 34.4 35.5 36.6 37 38.4 39.6 40.0 41.6 42.6 B.d 44.0 45d 46.0 ae 48. BaSHORT QUESTIONS 1) Differentiate axial and appendicular skeleton? ‘ana: Axial skefeton consist ofhead, neck, | Anpendicular skeleton cansist of upper & lower ns: A " | neck, thorax, abdomen and pelvis. extremities. Q2) How many types of bones are there in human body? Ans: + Long bones, 6.8.3 hones af upper & lower extremity. ‘Short bones, ¢.g.: wrist and ankles Flat bones, ¢.g.; ribs, cranial bones, bones of shoulder girdle ‘neegular bones, e.g.; bones of vertebrae and few in skull Q3) Why floating ribs are called so? ‘Ans: Because they are attached to the spine at the back but are not connected to anything in the front, Q4) What is the rote of vertebral column in human body? Ans: + Itallows human to stand upright and maintain their balance * Ithelps to support head and arm * Itprovides attachment for many muscl il i tre Iy museles, the ribs, some organs and protects the spinal ‘Q5) What isthe importance of rb cage in human being? Ans: ries and shock, that might di Ttalso protects part of stomach, spleen and kidneys ee Ithelps the muscle between ibs durin iB respiration,Q6) Define Anatomy? ns: Itis the branch of biolo, ; erika cey concerned withthe study oft i itis scientific study ofthe structure oF organisms including thes ee Pats. ju Q7) Classify human anatomy into its branches? + Gross anatomy + Histology + Cytology + Embryology + Surface anatomy © Clinical or applied anatomy Q8) Define surface anatomy? Ans: Branch of anatomy that deals with external features of body. The surface of human body is studied in relation to deeper parts of body. It enables health professionals to diagnose medical conditions and treat patients Q9) Define regional anatomy? ‘Ans: this branch of anatomy divides the body into regions and studies the relationships that exist with in each region. The four regions of human anatomy are divided are © Head region © Trunk region © Upper limb region Lower limb region ‘asked about parts of each system of body, example digestive Note: Meqs or short questions may be ‘memorize all parts that make up the respective system. system, urinary system, muscles ete.Practice Paper for Biochemistry Index Unit 1 The cell Unit 2 Carbohydrates Unit 3 Proteins Unit 4 Lipids Unit 5 Nucleic acids Unit 6 Enzymes Unit 7 Vitamins Unit 8 Biotechnology Unit 9 Endocrinology Unit 10 the electrolytes 32 34 38‘wal ; The Cell Cells are the basic unit of structure and function in an organism (basic unit of life). Diffusion is the process in which ions or molecules move from a region of higher concentration toa region of lower concentration, Passive transport: | \ Passive transport is the transport of ions or molecules across a cell membrane by diffusion. Molecules moves from a region of higher concentration to one of lower concentration. The energy is not required for diffusion process, Active transport: 1 Active transport is the transport of ions or molecules across a cell membrane from a region of lower concentration to one of higher concentration assisted by enzymes and require energy. Osmosii The process by which a solvent pass from a solution of lower solute concentration to a solution of higher solute concentration through a semi-permeable membrane. Semi-permeable/selectively permeable membrane: A membrane, which is permeable to the solvent but not to the solute particles e.g. natural ‘membranes, Osmotic pressure: Osmotic pressure of ¢ solution is defined as the pressure equivalent to the hydrostatic pressure ‘which is produced when the Solution is separated from a solvent by a semipermeable membrane. 2Meas: 1) Which of the following steucture possess phospholipid bilayer? 2) lysosomes b)mitochondria c) DNA d¥lasma membrane: 2) Rough endoplasmic reticulum contains . ' a) calcium ions b) phosphates ¢) RNA dytibosomes ved in produetion of lysosomes? 3). Which of the foltowing eell organelle is inval «) nucleus b) mitochondria ¢} Golgi apparatus d) endoplasmic ret plays an important rae in cell division. 4) nucleus b) Golgi apparatus ¢) mitochondria yéentrioles 5) Which of the following is called powerhouse of cell? 8) Golgi apparatus b) plasma membrane c) nucleus ayfitochondria ie 4 serves as cell's eytoskeleton. 4) centrioles bf fferotubules c) mitochondria d) ribosomes 7) DNAs found in a) Golgi apparatus b) vil §) Clear fluid where all organelles are present is called? ef cytosol b) centrioles c) cisternae 4) mitochondria 9) The head region of phospholipid bilayer is, af hydrophilic b) hydrophobie e) amphipathic d) both a and 10) DNA is condensed d& wrapped around proteins forming. in dividing cells. ©) rough endoplasmic reticulum dyfiueleus a) genes Bf:chromosomes c) RNA d) lymphocytes 11) Which of the following is responsible for breakdown of food, basteria, & worn out partsof wells? 4) mitochondria bfLysosomes«) Endoplasmic reticulum a) Nucleus 12) Jelly like substance enclosed within cell membrane isealled? 2) mitochondeia b) interstitial fluid-o¥¢ytoplasm a) plasina 13) A pracess by which ions or molecules move from a regi a region of highs i region of lower concentration is termed as: eS 4) osmosis b) ionization o¥4itTusion d) transportation 14} Transport of ons or molecules across membrane through diffusion wi ee iffusion with an expenditure of a2) passive transport bY ive transport ¢) solubility d) osmosis 15) The study of chemical/ metabolic processes within and relating to living organisms is called a) cytology b) histology Giochemistry ) pharmacognosy ‘Answer key Lid IL 2a he 4d iT sa 66 74 Tea aa J0.} [ib Re {ie 14.6 15.e Hint: Meqs or Short question about function of any part of cell other than provided here could be asked, memorize functions of all organelles of cell. Short Questions QU) Write four functions of plasma membrane? Ans: Al the exchanges between the cell and its environment have to pass through the cell membrane. ‘The cell membrane is selectively permeable to ions (e.g. hydrogen, sodium), small molecules (oxygen, carbon dioxide) and larger mblecules (glucose and amino acids) and controls the movement of substances in and out of the cells. ‘The cell membrane peéforms'many important functions within the cell such as osmosi of nutrients into the cell, processes of ingestion and secretion. diffusion, transport ‘The cell membrane is strong enough to provide the cell with mechanical support and flexible enough fo allow cells to grow and move. Q2) Write briefly about cell Nucleus? + Itis.a control center of cell. + It controls the proteins synthesis by messenger RNA. +" Ithelps in hereditary material transformation. +‘ Icontrols the cell division. 4Q3) State difference between active transport and passive transport? Passive transport/diffusion ‘Active transport/diffusion Passive transport 1s he transport/diffusion of fons oF molecules across a cell membrane from a region of higher concentration to region of lower concentration ‘alive transport i the transport oF fons oF molecg ‘across a cell membrane from a region of lower concentration to higher concentration, Energy is not required for passive diffusion, Expenditure of energy 1s needed against concentration gradient. Q4) State difference between Rough and Smooth endoplasmic reticulum? Rough endoplasmic reticulum ‘Smooth endoplasmic reticulum, i. is covered with ribosomes giving the endoplasmic reticulum its rough appearance. Itis responsible for protein synthesis and plays a role in membrane production. The folds present in the membrane Increase the Surface area allowing mote ribosomes to be present on the ER, thereby allowing greater protein production, i 1. SER does not have any ribosomes attached, {tis involved in the synthesis of lipids, including oils, phospholipids and steroids, it is also responsible for metabolism of carbohydrates, regulation of calcium concentration and detoxification of drugs Q5) Write a brief note on Mitochondria? Ans: Structure and funetion of the mitochondrio ‘mitochondrion is « membrane bound organelle found in een ical energy by releasing energy stored in molecules from food at} “sing ito produce AP (edenesine sripnosphate). ATP isa special type of" ‘energy ealrying” molecule. Mitochondria ct! ‘wvo phospholipid bilayers: + anouter membrane, and *aminner membrane that contains many fold called eristae where synthesis ATP occurs, 15Unit 2: Carbohydrates (saccharides) Meas 1). Glucose is \ a) Ketose sugar b) polysacch. 2) Maltose is formed by | ©) alycoprotein d) aldose sugar a) glucose + galactose) sucrose ¢) glucose + fructose dYBlucoset glucose 3) Cellulose is an example of a) pligosaccharides b) glycoconjugates c) disaccharides dyieteropolysaccharides 4) Which of the following mainly occurs in animal muscles and liver? a) starch b) mucilage 6 Glycogen d) cellulose 5) Which of the following is called “milk sugar"? a) dextrose b) frtctose c) maltose dyfactose 6) Two monosaccharides join to form a) oligosaccharides b) polysaccharides cY disaccharides d) All 7) Glucose and fructose are examples of af ‘monosaccharides b) polysaccharides c) disaccharides d) oligosaccharides 8) In animals’ excess glucose is stored in the form of a) starch b) chitin cf Ziycogen d) cellulose 9) Fructose is also called ag a) milk sugar b) table sugar c) blood sugar dy ffuit suger 10) Which of the following darbohydrate is most abundant on earth and present in the cell wall of plants? ' a) starch b) chitin ¢) glycogen dy-Géllulose 11) Which ofthe following sugars are part of nucleotides and nucleic acids? a) ribose b) deoxyritose €) maltose doth a and b 12) The general formula for carbohydrates is 2) Cn(H20)2n,b)Cn(H20)2_eyCA (20) nd) (CH2O)n 13) The simplest carbohydrates are 4) Oligosaccharides b) Peptides 6)Monosaccharides d) Alcohols 14) Sucrose is formed by the|reaction of 6sas 4+ Fructose d) Glucose+ Glucose 4) Glucose + Galactose b) Glucose + Maltose 15) Starch is a mixture ‘of sen by Amnylose ane Amylopectin d) Glucose + Fruct plants is a) Glyoan Jose ) Galactose 16) The supporting, a) Glucase bj Amino acids ¢) Glyeogen dyCetlutose 11) The organic cemponds that are made up of earbor, hyragen an 1) Fatty avis b) Vitamins c) Amina acids dy Corbohydrates carbohydate in the structure of cell wall La oxygen are Answer key Nd ad 3a ale | Sd 6c ta fe . oy 1d ind € ie 1h 13)b [1d J 14 " Short questions QL) Write down classification of carbohydrates? “Ans: Monoseesharides are the simplest ofthe carbohydrates that contain a single polyhydroxy ality de w ketone unit (eg, glusose, fructose). © Disnecharides consist of two monosaccharide units linked together by a covalent bond (e.g. si © Oligosacchurides contain ftom 3 10 10 monosaccharide units (@.8. raffinose) of hundreds or thousands of monosaccharide inits, ve {e.g.. cellulose, glycogen, starch). © Polysaccharides contain very long chai may be either in straight or branched ct Q2) Weile a short note on starch? 4 polymer consisting of D-glucose units Ans; Stare + Starch is insoluble in water because of the high moleeular weight, but they ean form thick catloidal suspensions with water. + There are two forms of starch: amylose and amylopectin, "7Proteins (Amino Acids) Uni Disa ' 1) Amino acids are joined td each other by specific type of covalent bond called 4) Ionic bond b) Protein Bond © Peptide bond d) Coorclinate Covalent bond 2) Proteins are polymers of the building blocks of proteins are) 2) Fatty acids b) Carboxylic acs ¢) Aspartic acid d)’Kmino acids 3). General formula for amino acids contains 2) Amine group b) Carbonyl group ¢) Carboxy! group dyBoth a and e 4) How many amino acids take part in the formation ofall types of proteins? a) 15 b) 22 €) 10 ay 5). Which of the following is Sulphur containing amino acid? 4) Glycine b) Tryptophan c) Aspartate dyysteine 6) Which is the simplest amino acids a) Alanine b) Lysine c) Tyrosine dy Glycine 7) Atneutral pH amino acid becomes 2) Positive ion 6) Nonionic c) Negative ion dj Zwitter ion 8) Which of the following protein is found in muscles? a) Hemoglobin b) Cellulose cy Myoglobin d) Actin and Myosin 9) Enzymes are, injnature a) Carbohydrates b) Sugars eyProteins d) Fatty acids |0) The three-dimensional siucture (3D) of proteins formed by complete folding of secondary structure is called? 1 1) Primary struéture b) Quatemary structure oy Tertiary structure d) None ofthese 11) The folding ofthe polypeptide chain into a specific coiled structure held together by Hydrogen bond is called 2) Primary structure bySeeondary structure e) quaternary structured) tertiary structure 1812) Linear sequenee of aming acids give rise to tructure oj Primary structure d) Secondary structure a) Tertiary steucture b) Quatemary sl ;on-protein substance 13) Proteins hat are conuposed of simple proteins combined with an are called 2) Derived proteins by conjugeted proteins ¢) polypeptides @) ple protein Answer key ; ie ld [3d ad [sd 6d 7.4 Bc Soe 10.€ a Te 1b 0 acid only 20 takes part in formation of sl Note: Although there arc 300 naturally occurring amint dara aynino aciels. These Amina acids on types of proteins, these 20 are galled primary or stan basis of functional group are classified a5; 4) i) Glyeine i) alanine ii) vakine iv) Ieutine v) isoleucine vi) proline éaliphatie amino acids) ) phenylalanine vii) tyrosine ix) tryplophan {aromatic amine acids) x) methionine xi) cysteine (Sulphur containing amino acids} ‘xl) serine xii) threonine (side chain with alcohol amino acids) xiv) histidine xv) lysine xvi) arginine (basic amino acids) ii) aspartate xviii) glutamate xix) asparagine xx) glatamine (aeidie amino acids) sen Shortauestions QU) What are proteins? Proteins aée nitrogencus edmpounds made up of a variable number af amino acids joined to ‘each other hy specifie type of cavalent bond called peptide bond ar peptide linkage. Q2) What are Amina acids? ‘Ans: Amino acids ate the building blocks of proteins. Various number of amino acid joins to one anather through peptide linkage to form protein, ‘ 19Q3) Write funetions of proteins? + Protein is a major source of en il ergy and are vital in the maintenance of body ti including development and repair. — + Enzymes are proteins that increase the rate of chemical reactions in the body. + Protein is a major element in the transportation of certain molecules, e.g.; hemoglobin is a protein that transports oxygen throughout the body. lIness and disease. + Protein forms antibodies that help prevent infection + Many of the hormones which regulate the chemicals and other process of the body are also protein in nature, {Q4) What are Essential anid Non essential amino acids? ‘Ans:_Essential amvino acids are those amino acids which are not produced by our body and must be taken in diet. These include 9 amino acids e.g.; phenylalanine, valine, threonine, tryptophan, methionine, leucine, isoleucine, lysine, and histidine are not produced by human body. Nonsessential amino acids are those amino acids that ean be synthesized by our body. There glutan ic acid, .clude 11 amino acids e.g; alanine, arginine, asparagine, aspartate, cysteine, glutamine, glycine, protine, serine, and tyrosine. Q5) Name four levels of protein structure? | -ar sequence of amino acids formed by primary structure folding + Teitiary; 3D structure formed by complete folding of secondary structure + Quatemary; formed by association of multiple polypeptides 20Unit 4: Lipids -Mcas }) Heterogeneous group of substances that include fats, oils, waxes and steroids are termed as a) Nucleic acids b) proteins ¢) vitamins d) lipids Lipids are soluble in 8) Polar solvents b) ofganic solvents c}ion-polar solvents d) all of them 3) Primary building blocks of lipids are 3) Amino acids Uffatty acids and glycerol c) nucleotides 4) Ketose 4) Example of simple lipids is 4) Phospholipids by friglycerides c) cholesterol d) lipoproteins 9) Protective coating of leaves, fruits and some animals skin is made up of a) Steroids b) nucleic acids ¢) calcium aswaxes 8 Esters of glycerol with saturated or unsaturated fatty acids and some other compound such as carbohydrate or protein are known as: ay Conjugated lipids b) simple lipids c) derived lipids d) all of them 7) Which of the following enzyme is responsible for breakdown of lipids? ) amylase b) sucrase ¢} ipase d) hydrolase 8) Which of the following is chief constitute of cell membranes? ) amino acids b) glucose e¥ phospholipids d) cellulose 9) As length of hydrocarbon chain increases in fatty acids, melting point a/increases 5) decreases c) remains same d) first increases then decrdases 10) Prostaglandins are example of 4) carbohydrates bY lipids c) proteins d) vitamins aAnswer key id Ze sa Ga Te te 30a 10.5 = He Short auestious QI) Write down functions of lipids? ictions of Lipit 1. Lipids are good souree of energy, 3. Fats are good reservoir in the body. Lipids are essential for the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins like vitamin A, D, E and K, 4, Lipids exert an insulating effect on the nervous tissue. 5. Lipids are integral part of cell protoplasm and cell membranes: 6. Some lipids act as precursors of very important physiological compounds e.g, cholesterol is precursor of steroid hormones. 2) State difference b/w fats and oils? L Fats Oils Fats are composed of high amounts of| saturated fatty acids i Oils are composed of mainly unsaturated fatty Acid Solid at room temperature Liquid at room temperature Mainly originate from animal source Maiply originate from plant source Fats increase the levels of cholesterol in the blood Oils lower the level of cholesterol in the blood. Examples: butter, cream, meat and lard Examples: coconut oil, olive oil, com oilUnit 5: Nucleic acids Mcas » 3 4) 5) 9 » 9) Which of the following is building block of all nucleic acids? 2) amino acids b) proteins cY nucleotide d) fatty acids Nucleotide is composed of ay Pentose sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base. b) Pentose sugar and a phosphate group. ¢) Pentose sugar and nitrogenous base, &) Amino group and carboxylic acid ‘Adenine and guanine are dines bY purines ¢) pentose sugar d) carbohydrates a) pyrit Uracil belongs to a) purine b) pentose sugar cY pyrimidine d) DNA In RNA complementary base pair to guanine is a) Thymine byracil ¢) adenine d) cytosine Which of the following carries genetic information from the nucleus to the cytoplasm ofa cell ay mRNA b) tRNA c) RNA d) all of them In DNA, the sequence of bases is a) Adenine, Thymine, and Uracil b) Adenine, Thymine, Uracil and Cytosine c) Adenine, Thymine, Guanine and Uracil Adenine, Thymine, Guanine and Cytosine Which of the following directs the translation of mRNA into proteins? a) (RNA b) mRNA c) DNA djtRNA Purine nucleotides in human body is converted to a) Glucose Bf uric acid c) ammonia d) fats 2310) Kdentfy the correct base pair in RNA 1 ay A-Gb) A-Ce) A-T ayA-U “Answer key De aya ‘| 3b Aye 5)b 6a Da 1 8d db 10) 4 (Qi) What are nucleic acids? omposed of ‘Ans: Nucleic acids are polymers that consist of nucleotide units. Each nucleotide is ¢* three building blocks: «+ S-carbon sugar + Base «phosphoric acid In eukaryotic cells nucleic acids are either: o DNA o RNA @) Write names of different types of RNA? Ans: RNA falls into three categories; 1, mRNA or Messenger RNA 2, RNA or Ribosomal RNA 3. RNA or Transfer RNA Q3) Write functions of three! types of RNA? ‘Ans: mRNA carties the genetic information copied from DNA into a form that can be read and i used to make proteins FRNA: directs the translatio} of mRNA into proteins. RNA‘ is in the cellular eytoplasm and is involved in the protein synthesis. 24Q4) State difference b/w DNA and RNA? DNA RNA. Deoxyribonucleic acid Ribonucleic acid DNA is a double-stranded molecule consisting ofa long chain of nucleotides. RNA usually is a single-strand helix consisting of shorter chains of nucleotides. "The bases present in DNA are adenine, guanine, cytosine and thymine. The bases present in RNA are adenine, guanine, cytosine and uracil. Base Pairing: AT (adenine-thymiine) GC (guanine-cytosine). Base Pairing: AU (adénine-uracil) GC (guanine-cytosine). DNA is self-replicating. RNA is synthesized from DNA on an as- needed basis. DNA is found in the nucleus of a cell and in mitochondria, depending on the type of RNA, this molecule is found in a cell’s nucleus, its cytoplasm, and its ribosome 25Unit 6: Enzym " Msgs 1), Substances on which enzymes act to convert them into products are called (sare ca 4) Catalysts b) active sites oY Substrates d) inhibitors 2) Enzymes are in nature, 4) Fats b) carbohydrates c}’proteins d) hormones 3) Biological catalysts that increases rate of chemical reaction without being used up are called a) Substrates b) hormones c) nucleotides dfnzymes 4) Optimum temperature for enzymatic act is 2) 25°C to 40°C by35°C to 40°C ¢) 45°C oss 4) 200€ to 25°C 5) Identify the correct equation E+S > EP EP > pap byE+S > ESP >. B+S QE+P > ES : d)E+S > ES> EP> E+P © The non-protein sart in enzymes is called? ay Prosthetic group b) apoenzyme ¢) substrate d) holoenzyme 7). The enzyme and the substrate possess specific complementary geometric shapes that fit exaetly into one another, refers to 2) Enzyme inhibition theory bffock and key model ) diffusion process 4) Transcription process 8) The chemical substances; which inactive the engymes are called as a) Activators by prosthetic group c) toxins d)inhibitors 9) The protein part of enzyme structure is called ‘Apoenzyme b) holoenzyme e) prosthetic group aNahibitor Aibitor or activator can bind aré called 10) Sites other than active sites whe 1) Binding sites b) active sites cYallosteric sites d) receptors 11) Binding of inhibitor to enzyme by covalent bond leads toSorevenibt inhibition b) reversible inhibition c) saturation d) competition Answer Key De De 3) 4b syd 6a Db 8)d da 10)c Ia i Short Questions: : Qd) What are enzymes? ‘Ans; Enzymes are the biological catalysts that increase/ seed up the rate of chemical reaction with, consumed in the reaction. Properties of enzymes: . They are organic biocatalysts They increase the rates of chemical reactions. They are not consumed / altered by the reactions they catalyze. Most of the enzymes are Proteins in nature. They are highly Specific in their action They are thermolabile (denatured by heat) in nature Q2) What are the factors that can affect enzyme activities? Ans: Following factors affect enzyme activities Enzyme concentration Substrate concentration Product concentration Effect of temperature Effect of pH Effect of activator and coenzyme* Effect of inhibitors 27Fo Sa ee eee + Effect of time 3) cassifyenzymes? ‘ans: According to international committee of enzymes there are six main classes of enzymes; 1. Oxidoreductases : 2. Transferases ' 3. Hydrolases 4, Lyases 5, Isomerases ' 6. Ligases, mnemonic (OTHLIL) 04) Define the following terms: | 2) Substrate’) Active site c) Coenzyme a) Substrate: The molecule on which an enzyme acts are called substrates. These substrates are the reactants that are catalyzed by the enzyme b) Active site: The site on the enzyme where the substrates bind is called the active site. A substrate binds to the active site of an enzyme and is converted into products. low molecular weight, non- prot * ¢) Coenzyme: certain enzymes require a specific thermostable, substances called coenzymes. 28Unit 7: Vitamins ' ae Guia Synonyms Deficiency disease Xerophthaimia (dryness of eye) ian Retinol, Night blindness Vilamin A | Retinoic acid, Retinal Keratomalacia (softening of cornea) Hyperkeratosis anil Caleiferol, cholecalciferol | Rickets (children) Vi . 1, itaminD | Anti-tickets vitamin Osteomalacia (adults) . ' Tocopherols i Vit P lysis ‘amin E | Antioxidant factor RBCs hein sly! _ ‘Anti-Hemorhagic vitamin jag ti Vitamin k | Ante Hemonhal prolonged clotting time . : Thiamine mat Vitamin BI | Anti-Beriberi factor Bebe Vitamin B2 | Riboflavin Ariboflavinosis Lactoflavin Vitamin B3 | Niacin, Nicotinic acid pellagra (Skin rash, nerve disorder and diarthca) anti-pellagra factor ‘ Disorders of the nervous system, Gl and + ra stacks immune / Vitamin BS | Pantothenic aci systems, reduced growth rate (rarely deficiency occurs) Vitamin B6 _ | Pyridoxine ‘Anemia, confusion, depression ae) - Depression, lethargy, tingling sensation in ams Vitamin B7 | Biotin oes Vitamin B9 _ | Folate, folic acid Megaloblastic anemia Vitamin B12 | Cobalamin Macrocytic anemia Vitamin © _| Ascorbic acid Sourvy | | ha ' 293) Meas 1) Which of the following vita M has antioxidant activity? 4) Vitamin K b) vitamin B7 c) vitamin A gyitamin E 2) Which ofthe following are source of Bcarotenes? a) Vitamin B12 b) vitamin K e) vitamin B6 dySftamin A 3) Which ofthe following is an active form of vitamin D? a) Provitamin D3 ¢) tocopherol 01 25-hydroxy vitamin D3 4) Blood clotting proteins are synthesized by 2) Vitamin B12 bY Vitamin K ¢) vitamin 86 €) vitamin A © Nyetalopia or night blindness is caused by deficiency of a) Vitamin B12 b) vitamin K ¢) vitamin B6 dJ vitamin 6 Which of the following disease is caused by deficiency of vitamin D in early life? a) Xerophthalmia b) keratomalacia c) Osteomalacia dy Fickets 1) Which of the following is actively involved in maintenance of normal visual process of eyes? a) Vitamin K b) vitamin B7 ef Vitamin A d) vitamin E 8) Deficiency of which vitamin leads to prolonged blood elotting time and an increased riskto hemorrhage. ' a) Vitamin D b) vitamin Ee) vitamin A dSVitamin K 9) Another name for vitamin D3 is a) Ergosterol byCalciferol c) tocopherol ) retinol 10) Beriberi is caused by deficiency of 4) Vitamin B6 b) vitamin D ¢) vitamin B12 d)famin BL I) Niacin is another nalne of? 2) Vitamin C b) Vitamin B3 c) vitamin B6 d) vitamin D 12) Which of the following Vitamin is also produced by normal gut flora/ GI bacteria in humans? 2) Niacin by Biotin ¢) folate d) vitamin BIZ 13) Which of the following vitamin is involved in DNA formation? 30a) Vitamin Bo wy 15) Scurvy is caused by deficiency of itamin B9 e) Vitamin K d) Vitamin B7 14) Pemicious anemia is eaused by deficiency of 2fVitamin B12 b) Vitamin B9 c) Vitamin B1 e) Vitamin B a) Vitamin E Vitamin Cc) vitamin A d) vitamin K, 16) Cobalamin is another name for a) Vitamin K b) vitamin BO oyWita B12 4) vitamin D 17) Frequent infections and gums bleeding are caused by deficiency of a) Vitamin D b) vitamin B12 6) vitamin A dyVitamin C Answer key Ld td 3.4 4b Bd oa Te Bd ob Tod ib 2.6 13.6 Tha 150 Tee 17d Short questions QI) Write down functions of Vitamin D? Q2) Brief about importance of Vitamin Bz in human body? | along with folic acid in RBCs maturation (it protects against Pernicious aneni Q3) Write down functions of Vitamin C in human body? Ans: Vitamin D regulates Ca levels in the blood and t It maintains the normal plasma level of calcium and phosphorus by acting on Intestine, bone and Kidn Essential for normal bone growth during childhood and for maintai Regulation of cell growth and development ‘Ans; Vitat Biz is essent issues. A fall in blood Ca stimulate active vitasin D proj Folate metabolism, Vitamin B12 is vital in activation of folate. It is essential for protein metabolism It is vital in fat metabolism. Itacts as an antioxidant ing bone density and strength during atu ‘Nervous system (It is vital in synthesis of myelin sheath of neurons). Is involved in cell replication Antioxidant function: It helps protect against oxidation by free radicals. Synthesis of collagen Itis a cofactor in the synthesis of neurotransmitters as epinephrine, norepinephrine and serotonin. Important for healthy immune function Involved in cholesterol breakdown and excretion Protection of folate and vitamin E from oxidation 34Megs Nucleus Chromosome 1) Insertion of foreign gene into existing DNA molecule of another organism, techniques called 4) Passive diffusion b) Mitosis ey genetic engineering d) chemical reaction 2) Closed loop or circular DNA present in cytoplasm of bacteria is called a) Chromosome b) tRNA\c) gene d) plasmid 3) A segment of DNA on chromosome that possess genetic information is called 2) plasmid b) gene oF ansposon &) mRNA 4) The first two commercially prepared products from recombinant DNA technology were insulin and human growth hormone, both of which were cultured in the ayB. coli b) Streptococeus c) bacillus d) Yeast 5) Which of the followjng enzymes seal DNA fragments? 4) Endonucleasesb) vases of BNA ligase é) hydrolases 6) Which of the following gnzymes cut/ cleave DNA at restricted point? «) isomerase b) lyases ) DNA ligases dyEndonucleases 1) Which of the following products have been prepared from Recombinant DNA téchnology? 4) insulin b) growth hormone ¢) vaccines ayalofthem 8) Which ofthe following énzymes are called restriction enzymes? a) DNA ligases by-éidortuclease c) transferase d) lyases Answer key De 2d ae aya S)e 64d} ad Hb | 32Q1) Define the following terms: a) Biotechnology b) Plasmids ¢) genetic engineering Ans: Biotechnology is the branch of science in which living things are used to make new products. It js 1, of living organisms or processes to make products useful for mankind. Examples: use of beneficial bacteria (penicillin) to kill harmful organisms +) Plasmids: are small, circular extra-chromosomal DNA molecules present in bacteria and yeast they ary capable of replicating independently, They are used as vectors in genetic engineering. ©) Genetic engineering: It is branch of biotechnology which involves the introduction, elimination or rearrangement of specific genes to change the genetic makeup of an organism, thus modify and improve , tissues and organs. 2) Briefly state the applications of biotechnology? \ involved in Ans: Biotechnology has improved life in certain manners, i, Medicine: Development of novel therapeutic molecules for medical treatments, + Diagnostics for detecting genetie diseases + Gene therapy + Vaccine development (recombinant vaccines) Hepatitis B, Measles, Rabies vaccines + Human Hormones: Epidermal growth factor, Insulin, + Blood Proteins: Erythropoietin, Factors VIL, VIII, IX; Tissue plasminogen activator. Food Industry: Production of baker’s yeast, cheese, yogurt and fermented foods such as vinegar and sauce. ili, Agriculture: Plant breeding to improve resistance to pests, diseases, drought and salt conilitioas. iv, Chemical Industry: Synthesis of fine specialty chemicals such as enzymes| we amino acids, alkaloidse antibiotics v. Environment: Environmental restoration | Bioremediation of soil and water polluted with toxic chemicals, Sewage and other organic waste treatment Forensic applications 3unit 9: Endocrinology (Hormones) -The main endoetine glands & hormones secreted by them i m include: HORMONES Hypothalamus TRH, CRH, GHRH Pineal gland Dopamine ' Melatonin Somatost | Pituitary gland ‘Vasopressin GH, TSH, ACTH Thyroid and —— FSH, MSH, LH Parathyroid 7 Prolactin, Oxytocin 13.74, Caletonin | “Vasopressin { — Thymus er Thymopoietin IGF, THPO. Stomach Arenal Gastrin, Ghrelin ndrogens Histamine Glucocorticoids Somatostatin Adrenaline Neuropeptide Y Noradrenaline |. Rance insulin, Glucagon Somatostatin Kidney —_— Calcitriol, Renin Ovary, Placenta Erythropoietin Estrogens Progesterone Testes ——(("| 2 Androgens L Uterus Prolactin, Relaxin Estradiol, Inhibin Mcqs 1) Which of the foll a) Thyroid gland b) adrenal gland 1 hormone simulates interstitial ee owing gland is called master gland? eFfititary gland d) pancreas 2) Inmales, luteinizin} ls to secrete 4a) Progesterone b) protactin cyfestosterone d) follicle stimulating hormone 3) Which of the following condition is responsib 2) diabetes mellitus b) Cushing's disease of diabetes insipidus d) myxedema 4) Growth hormone is also known as a) Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) nsible for production of large volumes of uringy b) adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) ©) luteinizing hormone (LH) )Somatotrotrophic hormone (STH) 5) Hyposecretion of growth hormone during a) giantism b) acromegaly c) cachexia dydwarfism i ulation powerful contraction of uterus at tim g childhood leads to 6) Which of the following is responsible for stim' of delivery? a) progesterone b) prolactin c) TSH sy Setocin 7) Endocrine glands aré also called ductless gland because a) They pour their secretions directly into glands b) ‘They pour their secretions directly into ducts c) They pour their secretions directly into blood stream d) All above are true 8) Vasopressin is another name for a) Thyroxin hormone b) cortisol ha idiuretic hormone d) Insulin 9) Salivary glands, sweat glands and all glands within the gastrointestinal tract with an exception of panereas are a) Endocrine gland Wovvctinn pions cy aden gland d) all of them 10) Insulin is antagonistic to which of the following hormone? a) Thyroxin b) Vasopressin c}’glucagon d) oxytocin 11) Which of the following are hormones of adrenal medulla? 2) Adrenaline 8) nor adrenaline cfaldosterone d) both a and b 12) Glucagon is secreted by pancreas througti of Alpha cxits bj betevoella ey eee ca 4) lymphocytes 13) Pancreas act as a) Endocrine gland b) exocrine gland eybe cYboth a and b d) gastri gastric gland 3514) Which of the following horm, 108 cause sod a) Adren: “Se Sodium and water retention in body? : ©) thyroxin d) cortisol 15) Hypersectetion of cortical hormones result in ) diabetes mellitus b) graves? disease byaldosterone ©) Cishing’s syndrome d) dwarfism 16) Blood calcium homeostasis is maintained by a) Antidiuretic hormone BY parathyroid hormone «) glucagon 4) progesterone 17) LH (luteinizing hormone) is responsible for secretion of which of the following hormone in female? ‘ a) Oxytocin bY progestercne c) testosterone ¢)insulin 18) ADH/ Vasopressin and oXytocin are hormones of 2) Anterior pituitary b) parathyroid gland c) adrenal glands &Y posterior pituitary 19) Calcitonin is antagonistic to 2) Antidiuetic hormone Bf parathyroid hormone c) Insulin d) growth hormone 20) Which of the following hormone increases the permeability of the collecting tubules to water and prevents excessive urine production? ay Vasopressin b) calcitonin c) Insulin d) thyroxin Answer key le ae 3.6 4d 5.d 64 5.0! Be 9.6 loc Ie 12a 1.6 14. 15.6 16.b i7.b 18.4 19.6 20.0. Note: ' ed to hyposeeretion and hypersecretion of any hormone could be > Disease condition relat as 1 36Short ns Q1) Write down the functions of antidiuretic hormone (ADH)? Ans: It is a hormone of posterior pituitary responsible for regulating the body's retention of water by increasing; + permeability of kidney tubules to water * reabsorption of water in the collecting ducts of the kidney nephron. It also raises blood pressure by bringing about constriction of arterioles. 1 causes the contraction of all smooth muscles in the body such as the GIT, Bile Duet, end Uterus. Q2) What are hormones? Ans: Hormones are chemical messengers of the body, released by a cell or a gland into the bloodstream and have a physiological control effect on other cells of the body. These substances are produced in small amounts by various endo (ductless) glands in the body. They are delivered directly to the blood in minute quantities and are carried by the bloo¢ i various target organs where these exert physiological effect and control metabolic activities. Q3) Write a short note on testosterone? Ans; It is a male sex hormone. It is an anabolic steroid by nature which helps in building body muscles. In males it py important role in the development of male reproductive tissues; testes and prostrate. It also promotes secondary sexu! characteristics like increasing the mass of muscles and bones, growth of body hair etc. If testosterone is secreted insu in men, then it may lead to abnormalities including frailty and bone loss. Q4) What are functions of insulin in human body? n: The beta cell produces the hormone; elevated blood glucose levels stimulate the release of ir Ans: Functions of insul It stores extra glucose in form of glycogen. Functions of glucagon: The alpha cell of pancreas produces the hormone glucagon which plays an important role in bc glucose regulation, it is released in response to low blood glucose level. Glucagon also breaks down glycogen into giUnit 10: ELECTROLYTE Common electrolytes include: 1. ‘Calcium 2. ‘Chloride 3. Magnesium 4. Phosphorous 5. Potassium 6. Sodium Total body water is 60% of total body weight. Water is dist uted in 3 main compartments, Intracellular compartment — with in the cell (IF: Intracetlalar fluid) Extracellular compartment—interstitial area (b/w and around cells) [ECF Extracellular fluid] Inside blood vessels (plasma) Most abundani in ICP + potas sodium, chloride + Most abundant in BCI + Some hormone: potassium. 1s involved in electrolyte balance are Aldosterone: 38+ Antidiuretic hormone/ Vasopressin: reabsorption of water Antinatriuretic peptide: sodium and water excretion, regulate blood pressure, Mint: (Meqs question can be asked about their role) ELECTROLYTE DISTRIBUTION Electrolyte Extracellular | Intracettular | Function meq/ liter meg) liter Sodium 142, 10 Fluid balance, dsmotic pressure ‘Neuromuscular excitability, Potassium 3 100 acid base balanbe Caleium 3 == Bones, blood clotting Chloride 105 2 Fluid balance, osmotic pressure Bicarbonate 24 8 acid-base balance Abnormalities of electrolytes: > hyponatremia: low Nat level > hypernatremia: high Na+ level > hyperkalemia: high K+ level > hypokalemia: low K+ level > hypercalcemia: high Cat level > hypocalcemia: low Ca* level mcos 1) Normal pH of Arterial blood is 0) 8.1 b) 5.56974) 45 2) Negative log of H* ion concentration refers to a) pa b) buffers ¢) fH d) pOH 3) Which of the following resist changes in pH? 4) acids b) bases c) ions aybutters 394 8) According to Lowery- Bronsted theory, an acid is a specie which ay@onates proton ) accepts proton ¢) resist pH d) accepts OH™ Carbonic anhydrase, a bicarbonate buffer is found in 2) WBC's by BC's lymphocytes d) Platelets Which of the following are physiological buffers? a) Urinary system b) respiratory system c) digestive system €) Goth a and b Plasma protein, albumin is a) an acid b) buffer c) base d) an enzyme pka of an acid is the pH at which, of acid is dissociated in solution, a) 70% byS0% c) 55% d) 90% Answer key Le 2.¢ 3.d 4a 5.b 6. a 40Practice Paper for Pharmaceutics @ Index Unit 1: Introduction of Pharmacy in relation to its discipline Unit 2: story of Pharmacy with special reference to contribution of Muslim Scientists in Pharmacy Unit 3: An introduction of various official books used in Pharmacy Unit 4: Physical processes Unit 5: Physical processes and their application in Pharmacy Unit 6: Introduction to Various Dosage forms Unit 7 Basic principles in pharmacy Unit 8: Extemporaneous Dispensing Unit 9: Introduction to Aseptic Dispensing and TPN Dispensing Unit 10: Introduction to Incompatibility 4l 42 45 50 56 58 61 64 66Process of converting a remical entity i atin! toate ing a new chemical entity into harma a) Pl amore 'Y Pharmacentis ¢) microbiology d) forensic pharmacy Branch of science that j 2 Bros zt Is more focus on practice of pharmacy in community and hospital. a) biochemistry bY Pharmacy practice ©) pharmacognosy d) pharmaceutics The art and science of preparing and dispensing of drugs i called 8) zoology b) botany «)mierobologyd¥pamaey bE) Specialty of pharmacy that is responsible forthe supply of medic: and ambulatory patients is termed as 4) clinical pharmacy b) biotechnology ¢) pharmacology df hospital pharmacy 5) Discipline of pharmacy which includes manufacturing, development, marketing and. distribution of drug products is called a) hospital pharmacy by fndusteial pharmacy c) forensic pharmacy 4) biopharmaceutics ns (0 hospital wards 6) The branch of pharmacy that deals with the study of drug laws and legal aspects of pharmacy practices ate called, a) clinical pharmacy b) biotechnology cy forensic pharmacy d) hospital pharmacy 7) Branch of pharmacy which deals with the patient care and medication and promotes health, wellness and disease inh ) Hospital pharmacy b) industrial pharmacy ) forensic pharmacy’ yfinical pharmacy Answer key Db Hb ad aa a 3b 6c Dd 2Unit 2: History of Pharmacy with special reference to contribution of Muslim Scientists in Pharmacy Meqs 1) “Pharmakon” means a) Toxin b) poison c) chemical ddrug 2) “Kitab ul saydalah” or “book of drugs” was written by 2) Al Razi bYAl Biruni c) Al Zahrawi d) Ibn e Sina 3) Prepaation of medication by sublimation and distillation was introduced by a) Al Razi b) Al Biruni c) Robert Koch dyAl Zahrawi 4) Which of the following are designated symbols of pharmacy? 2 Mortar and pestle b) bow! of Hygeia c) Rx dYall ofthese 5) Which Muslim scientist described preparation, properties and use of large number of drugs ix 17" century? aSTbn e Sina b) Al Biruni ¢) Al Zahrawi d) Al Razi 6) Which of the following scientist discover chemical substance such as nitric acid and hydrochloric acid? fJabir bin Haiyan b) Al Kundi c) Edward Jenner d) Al Razi Answer key id 2b 3d ad 5)a 6a 43Unit 3: An introduction ‘i . varity of various official books used in Meqs, ‘A book having a list of medi » g & list oF medicinal substances and articles with description, tests and formulas js called Pk ogy by Hat ‘a) Pharmacology by pharmacopoeia c) pharmaceutics d) monograph d Awgiten article on a single topic or aspect of subject is called? ay monograph b) pharmacopoeia ¢) pharmaceutics d) hospital formulary 3) International pharmacopoeia was published by a) France b) America oWu0 c) Germany 4) Which of the following are pharmacopoeias? 2) U.S.P b) B.P c) NF dy‘ll of these 5) Inpharmacy Bentley, Ansel, Lachman and Remington are ¥ySccondary reference books 4) pharmacology books a) Formulary b) pharmacopoeia ¢} re recognized by government are 6) Compilations of drugs and other related substances which a called a) Non-official compendia b) magazines 4@yfficial compendia d) articles Answer key Db Ta aye ad Sye ll ad10) Unit 4: physical processes i) Surface Tension Megs 1) Raindrops are spherical in shape because of #7 Sarface tension b) Capillary action c) viscosity of liquid d) centrifugal force independent of the 2) Surface tension of liquid i a) Temperature of the liquik b)-Area of the liquid surface ©) Nature of the liquid 4) Impurities present in the liquid 3) The force of attraction between two molecules of different substances is called? ion ayadhesion b) repulsion c) centrifugal force d) con 4) Compounds that lower surface tension between two solvents are called? a) adsorbents b) crystals cySurfactants d) desiccants 5). The property of surface of liquid that causes it (o behave as an elastic sheet is 2) viscosity b) efflorescence cY Surface tension d) titration 6) Surfactants are a) hydrophilic b) hydrophobic eS amnphiphi ic d) none of these 7) Example of surface tension, include a) insects walking on water ‘b) needles float on surface of water. ) formation of raindrops afail of these 8) Unit of surface tension is a) Nim b) N'/m ¢) Nm en 9) Surface tension can be measured by agnor method b) capillary rise method ©) Ostwald viscometer bon aandb force of attraction between like molecules, is called hy fvkesion b) centrifugal force c) adhesion d) repulsion 45