| _ Book 7 Answer Key 9 Suggested Answer YRX Labs Equipment Requests New equipment requested: Analytical balance This is a (circle one): New ltem Replacement Reason for request: The current balance is not very precise, New equipment requested: Spectrophotometer This is a (circle one}: New Item Replacement Reason for request: A new experiment will require light measurements, and the lab does not currently have a spectrophotometer. Unit 5 1 Suggested Answers 1 Amicroscope has many standard parts that work together. The light source at the base illuminates a subject, which is typically mounted on a slide and placed on the stage. The objective lens is the lens just above the subject. It transmits the image up through the head to the ocular lens, which is where the viewer places his or her eyes. 2 Coarse focus and fine focus are both useful when using a microscope. The viewer typically starts with the coarse focus, in order to adjust the objective lens at the right distance from the specimen, Once focus is in roughly the right range, the viewer uses fine focus to make adjustments in smaller increments. 21C 2A 38 31C 2D 3E& 4B 5A 41 slide 3. ocular lens 2 magnification 4 head 5. Fine focus 5 Suggested Answer If the objective lens is lowered too far, it might touch the slide, damaging the slide and possibly the lens. 617 2T 3F 7 1 givemeahand 4 turned it 2 clear image 5 I think | know 3. coarse focus 6 touched the slide 8 Suggested Answer ‘A; Would you give me a hand with this microscope? B: Is there a problem? ‘A; I can't see anything through the ocular lens. B: And you already have the slide on the stage? ‘A: Yes. I tried adjusting the magnification and focus, butit's just completely dark B: | think | know what happened. The base is damaged. ‘Something's blocking the light source. 6 Answer key 9 Suggested Answer Equipment Maintenance Week of: July 10 Equipment: Pierce LM-600 Microscope What was the problem with the equipment? ‘The microscope was not producing a clear image, and adjusting the focus did not help. How did you resolve the problem? | determined that the objective lens was lowered too far ‘and touched the slide. The lens was dirty, so I cleaned it. Unit 6 1 Suggested Answers 1. Coveralls are a full-body suit that typically covers everything except the head and hands. Many workers also wear gloves to protect their hands. To shield the eyes, workers must wear goggles. If workers are exposed to substances that are {harmful to inhale, a respirator must be used, 2. Fume hoods ensure that toxic gases are properly dissipated. A safety can keeps hazardous materials at a safe temperature to ensure they don't produce ‘a dangerous reaction. In case of accidental exposure, labs typically have showers and eye wash stations. 21F 27 3T 31 A MSDS 2 A glove B safety can B respirator 4 Protective clothing: goggles, coveralls Lab features: eye wash station, fume hood Dangerous qualities: flammable, toxic, hazardous 5 Suggested Answer Employees are required to wear gloves at all times because they work around toxic substances. Even if they are not planning to handle something hazardous, they may unexpectedly come into contact with it. S61A 2A 7 1. anything toxic 4 MSDS 2 wear gloves 5. pretty careful 3. be exposed to 6 another reason 8 Suggested Answer ‘A: Where are your goggles? B: | figured | didn’t need them. I'm not working with any toxic gases. A Itdoesn't matter. According to company policy, you have to wear goggles with hazardous liquids and solids, t00 }: That seems sil. I'l be careful You never know when there might be an accident. Scanned with CamScannerB: | see what you're saying. But there's an eye wash station right over there. ‘A: Of course. But there's another reason to wear your goggles. If you don't, you might lose your job! 9 Suggested Answer CWC Laboratories Report of Policy Violation Employee: Tanya Fielder Violation: The employee was not wearing gloves in the lab. All employees are required to wear gloves at all times, How did this violation affect employee safety? While the employee was not directly handling toxic substances, she stil might have come into contact with something hazardous by accident. What disciplinary action will be taken? The employee was given a warning for now. She will be terminated if this violation occurs again. Unit 7 1 Suggested Answers 1. The imperial and metric systems measure the same units, but with different methods. The metric system uses measurements in the power of ten. The imperial system however, is inconsistent. ‘Where meters and kilometers are uniformed (1,000 meters makes one kilometer); there are twelve inches in a foot, but three feet in a yard. 2 In my country, the imperial system is the most ‘commen system of measurement. This means that we use inches, feet, and yards to measure length and distance. For measurements of weight, we use pounds and ounces. There are sixteen ounces in a pound. 21F 27 3T 381A 2A 3B 4A 4 Metric units: meter, kilogram Imperial units: pound, foot, ounce ‘Types of quantities: weight, length 5 Suggested Answer Someone can convert pounds into kilograms by dividing the number of pounds by 2.2. The result will be the approximate number of kilograms. e2v sv 71 How much 4. in pounds 2. average weight 5. in kilograms 3. metric or imperial 6 divided by 8 Book 1 Answer Key| ‘Suggested Answer A: [need some details from our experiment. How tall were the plant stalks? : The average length was one point five. A: That's pretty low. Wait, is that metric or imperial? B: It's in meters. That's metric, right? ‘A: Right. But Ineed that in feet. Check the conversion chart. B: rs So it's one point five meters times three point twenty eight. That equals four point ninety two feet ‘That makes more sense. Suggested Answer Hi Rachel, Here are the measurement conversions you asked for “ype of | Original [Conversion New ‘Quantity | Measurement | Formula | Measurement in 5x328 = ne fapenay | 104 feet Weight Tx (metric) (imperia) Weight 1052.26 (imperiay (revi) Let me know ifyou need anything ese. Sebastian 5 meters 1.5kilograms| 3.3 pounds 10 pounds 4,54 kilograms Units 1 ‘Suggested Answers 1. Different countries and industries use different scales of temperature, so it is important to be able to cohvert between them. Conversions between Celsius and kelvins are fairly straightforward. To find kelvins, 273.15 is added to the Celsius measurement. To find degrees Fahrenheit, the Celsius measurement is multiplied by 9/5 and then added to 32. 2 Metric measurements of volume are similar to other metric measurements—they are related by powers of ten. A liter is a standard unit of volume. One thousand milliliters make up one liter. A cube that is one centimeter on each side is equal to one nililite. As a result, mililiters are sometimes ‘expressed as cubic centimeters. 1A 2D 30D 10 2A 38 4D SE 1 Fahrenheit 2 volume 3. Celsius 4 milliliter 5 temperature Suggested Answer If someone uses the wrong temperature scale, calculations are likely to be severely inaccurate. The boiling point of water, for example, varies by more than, one hundred degrees from one scale to another. AnswerKey 7 Scanned with CamScannerBook 14 Answer Key Bea t 6iF 2F 3T 7 1 bacteria die at 2 the problem 3. temperature 4 what scale 5. degrees Fahrenheit 6 This client uses 8 Suggested Answer I'm confused about these formula instructions. Just add the indicated amount of water tothe solution, “| tried. But I think this lab equipment uses the ‘wrong scale. B: Are you sure? Wait, what units does it ist? A lists milters. But we want cubic centimeters, right? B: Actually, you're right. But millliters and cubic centimeters are the same, A: I see. So | don't actually have to convert anything, 9 Suggested Answer Northern Labs Client: Yarma Manufacturing Test results: We found that the bacteria die at a temperature of 121°C. Measurement conversions: (121 x 95) + 32 = 250°F (degrees Fahrenheit) 121 + 273.15 = 394.15 K (kelvins) Unit 9 1 Suggested Answers 1. Base and derived units are both part of the SI, but they measure different properties. Base units measure just one factor of something, such as length, weight, fr time. Derived units are determined by the relationships between base units. Some derived units are calculated using a formula with only one base unit. 2. Kilograms, meters, and seconds are all base units, and they can be used to calculate multiple derived Units. One derived unitis the newton, which measures force. A pascal is the pressure of one newton per square meter. A joules the energy or work performed by one newton over the distance of a one meter. 217 2F 3T 31C 2F 3B 4A 5D GE 4 1 newtons 231 3. Pressure 5 joule 4° derived units 5 Suggested Answer Newtons, pascals, and joules all use the same base units, but they measure different factors. A pascal is the pressure exerted by one newton over ameter, and a joule the amount of energy it expends. 20 4 what happened 5 for force 6 calculated newtons 7 1. hardly performing 2 energy 3 joules 8 Suggested Answer ‘A: Something's not right in our experiment. B: What do you mean? The machine isn't functioning? A: It looks fine. But it's hardly producing any force. According to my calculations i's only at two hundred newtons. B: Let me take a look. Hang on, | see what happened, You divided by the meters. This is the formula for pressure, not force. A; I calculated pascals! With meters multiplied, | get eight hundred newtons. B: That makes more sense. 9 Suggested Answer Hi Nell, I just discovered an error on my lab report. The incorrect calculation is: J = 40kg x 5m = 200 18 40kg x 5m? = 1000 1? The problem was: | used the formula for newtons instead of joules. To apply the correct energy formula, needed to square the meters. Sorry about the confusion! Tim The corrected calculation is: Unit 10 4 Suggested Answers 1 Adding and subtracting are opposite or inverted operations. Quantities a, b, and c can all be related using both addition and subtraction. 2 The relationship between muttiplication and division is similar to that of addition and subtraction. If oné~ “quantity @) is muttioied by another quantity (b), the sult) can be related back using division. 20 Eee eee RE! 31C 26 3D 48 5A 41 A over B plus 2 A Add B Subtract 3 A times B less 5 Suggested Answer Multiplication is a form of repeated addition. If a is ‘multiplied by b, then a is added again and again, D number of times. Biv 2v 4yv Scanned with CamScannerAL re you ready 10 99 over the to coneumpton cata? Br Yea What ware the tinal numbers? A The engine used twenty gations of tual Be Ares tit tasted twitve turret mies, Tate Puneet Gherded by tweety galore wept texty mien, A So one gallon inte for scrty mies B: And @’s a thinty.galion tank We ned to estimate how much farther the engine wll go. A Thity gallons minus the twenty used equals ten gallons, B. That times santy is tox huneiredd more miles. Suggested Answer Lab Test Data ‘The purpose of this test was to measure the growth of plants ‘The total average growth over four weeks wats twenty eight centimeters ‘That means each plant grew an average of seven Centimeters pet week (78 Cn « 4 weeks = 7 cr week) M1 also indicates that they wil grow anther eighty-four centimeters over the next twelve weens (7 erm a 12 weeks « 64 cm). The tots! will be one hundred twelve centimeters (28 cm + 64 cm = 112 em) Unit 11 . one ‘Suggested Answers 1) Scientific notation is a valuable system tor ‘expressing particular quantities. In regular decimal form, very large oF very sma quanttes are ofen lengthy and aticutt to read They contan many places, and there is a hgh nsk for error ‘The wrong exponent was applied to a caiculstion. ‘The resut could cause a senous rounaing error. ‘The resuits are not as Claw 35 Tey coud be. Sionficant figures to the ffm power ene traling rero 3 integers 4 squared 4 leading zero 5 cubed 6 wa rounding error ‘scientific notation exponent Book 1 Answer Key bind 5 Suggested Answer ta quantty is rounded to too few significant digits, resulting calculations may centain rounding errors, 61F 2T 3F 71 really sory 4 requires accuracy 2. significant figures 5 trailing zero 3. nwo decimal places 6 you might cause 8 Suggested Answer Oud you got my pert corrections? Yos You identified some mayor errors. Fm mally sory about those, Were the corrections: accurate, at inast? Most'y But lots qo over scientific notation, Sura. Tim supposed to multiply an integer by ton to, the nth power, right? Ally, not necosaaniy an integer You aways: want one whole digit botors the decimal por 2 +e A. So twenty rine tires tor to thw stat power kit ght? No. It should be two point nina tines ton to the seventh power 9 Suggested Answor He Darr, Trane you tor your report corrections. Howaver, a tow 3 are stil not quite right . The wang exponent | Tho meters should waz used in an energy | be squared, not eaiculation cubed [2 You ant include Add three places — alliog Zeros, after the dacimal. US The scientific notation | was missing an the appropiate exponent power, Be caretul about these in the future Angela Raise quantities to Unit 12 1 Suggested Answers 1 Decimal numbers and percentages are both expressed using the same digits However, they are formatted a itis aiferently, and are sometimes used in aterent ways. A decimal number expresses a quantity less than one, of a larger ‘quantty tnat contains a part less than ane, 2 Like Gacimal numbers, fractions represent partial ‘quanttes. A fraction like 24s less than one. I both Pars of a fraction are disible by the same ‘quantity, the fraction can be reduced. For example, 68 can be reduced to 3, powwre rey ‘Scanned with CamScannerBook 1 Answer Key Qe SeVcl Ae ott 2B 46 6D 4°18 whole number 2 A cutet B improper traction B percent 5 Suggested Answer Ten percent can also be expressed as the decimal number 0.1, or itean be expressed as the fraction 170. 61D 2B 7 1 madicatanalysis 4 one hundred percent 2 aswe expected 5 outof Sten percent © almost two thirds: 8 Suggested Answer Az Do you have the environmental study results? B: Yes. They're not at all as we expected. A: So the lakes are more polluted than we thought? B: On the contrary. The water was only about zero point zero zero one parts water. ‘A: Really? That's only zero point one percent. lexpected atleast one or two percent! B: Yes, its pretty good. In fact, one fifth of the water ‘samples contained no pollutants at all, © Suggested Answer Captos Labs ‘Summary of Results Project: Test of new drug Absoloft Expected results: We expected the drug to be 100% effective. Actual results: The drug was only 10% effective. Two thirds of patients actually reported negative effects. Conclusion: We need to rework the formula until we can get closer to 100% success. Unit 13 1 Suggested Answers 1 Agraphis an excellent way to display data. Graphs early show the relationship between two different factors. Tables are another way to organize data. They can be very simple or more complex. A pie chart is a (goo way to show the distribution of something. 2. A stanaard graph is made up of two axes, which are usually perpendicular to each other. One factor is measured along the x-axis and another is measured along the y-axis. 21D 2A 38 31D 3¢C 5B 2A 46 6F satter plot B ple chart “A was ke B column 5 Suggested Answer Line graphs and scatter plots both display points of data, However, scatter plots show only the points, ‘while line graphs show a series of connected points, Qdu. 8G tu 71. the x-axis 4. every test result 2 same graph 5 line graph 3. scatter plot 6 much easier 8 Suggested Answer ‘A: could use some help with my presentation materials, B: Sure. Is this for the machine component comparison? Yes. Im creating rows and columns to compare costs, B: So you want to show both components on the same table? ‘A: Right. | tried separating different types of costs, but the table gets too big. B: I see. I don't think the table needs to be that complex. Supplement it with pie charts, if needed. ‘A: That sounds easier. I'l try it. 9 Suggested Answer Sharpe Data Analysts Client: Actola Manufacturing Report on: Machine component comparisons Display 1: Line Graph Features shown: Testing rounds are along the x-axis, and performance is long the y-axis. Conclusions: Part A performed better than Part B. Display 2: Table Features shown: Rows are for each part and columns show cost breakdowns. Conclusions: Part A is initially more expensive, but Part B will cost more overall because of frequent replacements, Unit 14 1 Suggested Answers 1 There are many words to describe something becoming lager or smaller. “nese” and “decreasa" ae fconvmon terms that can refer to size, amount, of abstract changes. Some words incorporate the speed of the change. To climb is to increase very quickly, ‘While to plummet is too decrease very quickly. 2 Scientific experiments are all about assessing ‘changes. In order to be precise, scientific conclusions ‘must contain very accurate descriptions of changes. 10 snswerkey pa Scanned with CamScanner31B 2A 3D 4E& 56 4 Becoming larger: increase, expand Becoming smaller: plummet, decrease Staying the same: stabilize 5 Suggested Answer ‘The company is expected to have a rise in profits its new drug is successful. 6ic 2D 71 increased by 4 released soon 2 stabilized 5. decline in profits 3 had to do 6 its popularity 8 Suggested Answer Did you see the latest report on the new drug? : No. What does it say? < These results aren't very encouraging. Its effectiveness stil fluctuates dramatically. : That's about what I figured. The formula didn't change enough since the last round of tests. : That's true, Unless the active ingredient increases, the drug's not going to do much. B: Right. Does this mean that the company has to spend more money on tests? Yes. hope it doesn't cause too much of a decline in profits. We're all relying on the success of this drug. > @ PEP z 9 Suggested Answer Perkins Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Corporate Memo To: AllStaff From: Lloyd Bertram, CEO Hello Everyone, ‘As you know, our company experienced a number of ‘changes in recent years. These changes included a rapid decline in sales, followed by the much-needed stabilization of sales. However, we expect new results inthe next few years because the popularity of our new drug Axidul is expanding. We expect sales to increase, and possibly even climb rapidly. ‘Thanks to everyone for your loyalty and support. Uoyd Unit 15 1 Suggested Answers 1. In my country, scientists in any branch need some level of formal education. Students who wish to become higher-level scientists will most likely need further education, such as a master’s degree. To Book 1 Answer Key 2 Scientific studies inva ontop of Importantin science education. to take a course without the proper foundations, he cr she will not understand the content cr the context, 1F 2F 3T 1D 3C 5F 26 48 6A 1 PhD 3 program 2 Undergradue bachelor’s degree Suggested Answer To enrol in the masters degree prograr must take specialized prerequisites ci undergraduate education. 1B 2c 1 postgraduate plans + 2. want to pursue 5. major courses 3. masters degree 8 allthe preequis! program Suggested Answer A: Let's talk about your plans after you graduate. B: think | made a decision. I want to pursue a PhD. A So you're interested in the doctoral program here? B: Yes. Do you think I'l quality? A: You'll need to subm 's thesis. B: So my intemship isn’t enough? A: No. Athesis project is prerequisite for the doctoral program. B: I'see, Il start researching topics. Suggested Answer Lower Lake University—Department of Sciences ‘Academic Progress Report Student: Sharon Pinto Type (circle one): Underoraduate Postgraduate Student's academic goals: The student wants to pursue a master’s degree in biochemical engineering when she completes her undergraduate studies. Requirements fulfilled: The student already completed most of the courses necessary to begin 2 postgraduate biochemistry program. Requirements not fulfilled: A few prerequistes are not included in the student's current major program. will need to take these classes before she graduates. acmeckey 11 Scanned with CamScanner