Government of Bagmati Province

Ministry of Water Supply, Energy and Irrigation

Water Supply and Sanitation Division No. 5
Bhaktapur, Nepal
Project Name:Faidhoka Lift WSP
Project Location: Changunarayan Municipality-9,Bhaktapur , Nepal
Design of Circular Underground Tank
(with fixed base, dome roof & wet soil around)
Capacity of tank = 100.00 m³
1. Dimensions of tank element
The diameter, D is given as:
Volume = 0.7854D².h
Assume height of cylindrical wall(water storage) H as = 4.50 m
Height of stagnant water = 0.25 m
Free board assumed = 0.22 m
From which, Diameter D of tank = (Volume/0.7854/h)1/2 = 5.62 m
However adopt D as = 5.65 m
However adopt total height of cylindrical wall h as = 4.50 m
Total capacity of tank with stagnant storage = 112.82 m³
Effective storage = 106.56 m³

2. Design Constants
For Concrete Grade M-20 & Steel Fy = 415
σcbc = 7.00 N/mm², and, σst = 140.00 N/mm²
σcc = 5.00 N/mm², m = 13.33
Hence constants, k = 0.400 j = 0.867 R = 1.21 N/mm²

3. Design of cylindrical wall

Critical conditions
i) Tank full no soil outside(during leak test)
ii) Tank empty and submerged soil outside

Design for ist critical condition: Tank full no soil outside

The cylindrical wall is designed as per hoop tension
Maximum tension occurs at the base of the wall, its magnitude p is given by :
P = whD/2 = 124.71 kN/m
Earthquake force in wall = 4.00 kN/m², force: = 18.00 kN/m
Total force P : = 142.71 kN/m w = 9.81 kN/m³
Steel required, Ast for this verical wall at inner portion is :
Ast = P/σst \ Ast_min = 1019.35 mm²
Using 16 mmØ bars ( A¢ = 201.06 mm² )
Spacing = 197.2 mm c/c
However use 16 mmØ bars @ 125 mm c/c on inner face
Actual Ast provided = 1608 mm² on inner face more than min steel, OK
Thickness of the wall is calculated by considering the cracking stress in concrete
σct = P/[1000t + (m-1)Ast] For M20 , σct = 1.20 N/mm²
From which, t = 99.1 mm
Minimum thickness = 3H+5 (cm) or 15 cm whichever is more = 18.5 cm
However provide thickness of wall t at bottom as : = 200 mm & taper it to = 200 mm at top
Average thickness, t = 200 mm OK

Design for 2nd critical condition: Tank empty and submerged soil outside
Exposed wall height above fill = 2.00 m
The submerged soil pressure is calculated from Gray's Rule(Taking angle of repose 6°, and wearth =18 kN/m³)
The submerged soil pressure Pw = 18h(1-sin6°)/(1+sin6°)×D/2=15hD/2 = 105.94 kN/m
Total soil pressure with earthquake force, P = 123.94 kN/m
Reinforcement at outer portion
 Government of Bagmati Province
Ministry of Water Supply, Energy and Irrigation
Water Supply and Sanitation Division No. 5
Bhaktapur, Nepal
Project Name:Faidhoka Lift WSP
Project Location: Changunarayan Municipality-9,Bhaktapur , Nepal
Design of Circular Underground Tank
(with fixed base, dome roof & wet soil around)
Capacity of tank = 100.00 m³
Area of rings, Ash =Hoop tension/σst = 885.27 mm²
Spacing of 16 mmØ bars ( A¢ 201.06 mm² = 227 mm c/c
However use 16 mmØ bars @ 125 mm c/c on outer face
Actual Ast provided = 1608.5 mm² on outer face [more than min steel, OK]

However use same spacing of rings throught the height for spacing is large.
Curtailment of reinforcement at inner portion
Height for curtailment from ground = 2.00 m
Total water pressure for case I at (this height) = 79.28 kN/m
Spacing of 16 mmØ bars above 2 m height from bottom = 355 mm c/c
However use 16 mmØ bars above 2 m height from bottom to top = 125 mm c/c

Curtailment of reinforcement at outer portion

Height for curtailment from ground = 2.00 m
Total submerged soil pressure for case II at (this height) = 10.00 kN/m
Spacing of 16 mmØ bars above 2 m height from bottom = 2815 mm c/c
However use 16 mmØ bars above 2 m height from bottom to top = 125 mm c/c
Distribution steel/vertical reinforcement
As per IS Code provision % of minimum area of (dist.) steel = 0.3 -[(t-100)/(450-100)]×0.10
= 0.271 %
\ Ast = 542.86 mm²
Spacing of 12 mmØ bars ( A¢ 113.10 mm² = 208 mm c/c
However use 12 mmØ bars @ 150 mm c/c on each face
Design of base slab
Base slab is subjected to upward pressure due to submerged soil.
Assume thickness of base slab, tb = 300 mm
Height of submerged portion = 1.80 m
Upward pressure below the base = 15h(kN/m²) = 31.50 kN/m²
Weight of vertical wall = π(D+t).t.h×25 (kN) = 413.51 kN
Projection of base slab beyond the wall(on either side), lp = 0.30 m
Diameter of base slab with projection on either side = 6.65 m
Weight of base slab = π(D+2t+lp×2)².tb×25/4 (kN) = 260.49 kN
Weight of earth on the projection = π(D+2t+lp)×lp×h×18 (kN) = 484.76 kN
Weight of roof dome = 233.88 kN
Weight of extra concrete for maintaing the slope for washout = πD²×0.10/4×25 (kN)
= 62.68 kN
Total downward load, W = 1041.82 kN
Hence, downward pressure = 30.00 kN/m²
Net upward pressure, q = soil pressure - downward pressure = 1.50 kN/m²
Bending moment
Maximum bending moment(BM) in the circular slab =3/16×q.a² = 3.12 kN-m
effective depth, de = √(BM/Rb) = 51 mm OK
Area of main steel = BM/(σst.jd) = 93.5 mm²
Area of main steel at top(water face) in one direction = 46.7 mm²
Spacing of 12 mmØ bars ( A¢ 113.10 mm² = 2420 mm c/c
However use 12 mmØ bars @ 200 mm c/c on both direction
\ Actual steel provide(both direction), Ast = 1131.0 mm²
[more than min steel, OK]
Area of steel at bottom face
 Government of Bagmati Province
Ministry of Water Supply, Energy and Irrigation
Water Supply and Sanitation Division No. 5
Bhaktapur, Nepal
Project Name:Faidhoka Lift WSP
Project Location: Changunarayan Municipality-9,Bhaktapur , Nepal
Design of Circular Underground Tank
(with fixed base, dome roof & wet soil around)
Capacity of tank = 100.00 m³
As per IS Code provision % of minimum area of steel = 0.3 %
Hence area of steel at bottom = 900.0 mm²
Hence area of steel at bottom in one direction = 450.0 mm²
Spacing of 12 mmØ bars ( A¢ 113.10 mm² = 251 mm c/c
However use 12 mmØ bars @ 200 mm c/c on both direction
\ Actual steel provide(both direction), Ast = 1131.0 mm²
[more than min steel, OK]
 Government of Bagmati Province
Ministry of Water Supply, Energy and Irrigation
Water Supply and Sanitation Division No. 5
Bhaktapur, Nepal
Project Name:Faidhoka Lift WSP
Project Location: Changunarayan Municipality-9,Bhaktapur , Nepal
Design of Circular Underground Tank
(with fixed base, dome roof & wet soil around)
Capacity of tank = 100.00 m³
Circumferential reinforcement at wall and base joint for load transfer
Width of circumferential reinforcement required area(at outer width) = 1.50 m
Use 12 mmØ bars @ 150 mm c/c at bottom & top layer
For distribution steel(radial bars)
Use 12 mmØ bars @ 150 mm c/c at bottom & top layer
Area of steel for fillet(haunch)
However use 12 mmØ bars @ 150 mm c/c

Check for uplift

Factor of safety against floation = 1.1
Weight of tank as per above = 1041.82 kN
Weight of stagnant water = 61.43 kN
Total weight = 1103.24 kN
Uplift pressure =Abase× 15.h, where h = height below GL = 1.80 m
= 676.94 kN
Factor of safety - = 1.6 OK
 Government of Bagmati Province
Ministry of Water Supply, Energy and Irrigation
Water Supply and Sanitation Division No. 5
Bhaktapur, Nepal
Project Name:Faidhoka Lift WSP
Project Location: Changunarayan Municipality-9,Bhaktapur , Nepal
Design of Dome
Capacity of tank = 100.00 m³
1. Dimensions of dome elements
From which, Diameter D of tank = 5.65 m
Rise of dome of roof, h1 = D/6 = 0.94 m Adopt h1 = 1.70 m

The radius R1 of roof dome, is then : R1= (4h1²+D²)/8h1 = 3.20 m

Half of central angle, ¢ is then : ¢ = Sin-¹(D/2R1) = 62.08 °

2. For M20 concrete and Fe 415 steel permissible stresses

Concrete used M 20
Reinforcing steel use Fe 415
σcbc = 7.00 m N/mm², and, σst = 150.00 m N/mm²
σcc = 5.00 m N/mm², m = 13.33 m
Permissible stress in direct tension σcst = 1.20 m N/mm²,
Permissible stress in tension due to bending σcbt = 1.70 m N/mm²,
Permissible shear stre= 1.70 m N/mm²,
Hence constants, k = 0.384 j = 0.872 R = 1.171 N/mm²

3. Design of top dome

Let thickness, t = 150.00 mm

Live load, LL = 1.50 kN/m²
pecific weight of concrete = 25.00 kN/m³
Total pressure p per m² area of dome, p = t×sp.wt+LL = 5.25 kN/m²
Meridional thrust at edges, T = pR1/(1+Cos¢) = 11.43 kN/m
Meridional stress = T/1000t = 0.076 N/mm² Safe
This should be less than permissible cracking stress in concrete
Maximum hoop stress occurs at centre and its magnitude is given by :
Hoop stress = pR1/2t = 0.056 N/mm² Safe
Since the stresses are within the safe limits, provide nominal reinforcement @ 0.30%
Ast = 450.000 mm²
Using 10 mmØ bars ( A¢ = 78.54 mm² )
Spacing = 174.53 mm c/c
or meridinal reinforcement however use 10 mmØ bars @ 150 mm c/c Ast provided 524 mm²
For distribution reinforcement use 10 mmØ bars @ 150 mm c/c Asd provided 524 mm²
4. Design of top ring beam, B1
Horizontal component of T is given by
P = T Cos¢ \ P = 5.35 kN/m
Total tension tending to rupture the beam, T = P × D/2 = 15.12 kN
Steel required, Ash for this beam is :
Ash = T/σst \ Ash = 100.82 mm²
Using
 Government of Bagmati Province
Ministry of Water Supply, Energy and Irrigation
Water Supply and Sanitation Division No. 5
Bhaktapur, Nepal
Project Name:Faidhoka Lift WSP
Project Location: Changunarayan Municipality-9,Bhaktapur , Nepal
Design of Dome
Capacity of tank = 100.00 m³
Using 16 mmØ bars ( A¢ = 201.06 mm² )
Nos of bars required = 0.5 nos
However adopt 16 mmØ bars 4 Nos
Ast provided = 804 mm²
Area of cross section of ring beam is given by :
σctt = T/[Ac + (m-1)Ast] For M 20 σctt = 1.20 N/mm²
From which, Ac = 2684.01 mm²
However provide ring beam of widt = 300 mm depth = 350 mm
Ac = 105000 mm²
Value of cracking stress, σctt is then :
σctt = T/[Ac + (m-1)Ast] = 0.13 N/mm² Safe
Use 8 mmØ bars for ties the main reinforcement @ 150 mm c/c
i) Load of top dome = T1Sin¢ = 10.10 kN/m
ii) Load due to ring beam B1 = 2.63 kN/m
Total load = 12.73 kN/m

Reinforcement details in dome

meridinal bars 10 mmØ bars 120 Nos Max. length = 3.46 m
distribution steel 10 mmØ bars 23 Nos of circular rings to be provided