ere a SENECA MORAL ESSAYS JOHN WW, BASORE, PHD, LONDON. WHELIAM HEINEMANS Lt NEW YORK: GF PUTNaM'S SONSssexnca fer gel asap aan at in li {tzen. Princip meet fren, qu slo get, manetingee i, qemu en ral ‘none sib ots ganeat.Hse d, com ab ‘nfs pein vietegoe tt sam 8, som re igo btn serie venta ft Rogen tron ost terpenes terri quidem meme sel metre, quem ert Ut aque snore det tate mune Serum Abn snferendgue tem poten pase, ‘ute stl pr Stiga? bie, Te itr tote einem imp pero, quant vere pone sate ert perdi en Sita qu debet et qsigns xno a nk pes ict allenam de eye regu sentenes peta inserter sat gam ie plese ‘Biter eet Adium em spectacl senae 2 tsi i amp te trae Se yvo x quoqae sau tat lig! apa et port epongue co, tide desde, igen ierements ares ls qu content Ft ox soe sco Sil prstr gloria somes. Hoe oot em ex eta nun tampa toa ne gto * qe igi Pes eg a a6oy MERCY, Le 13 pe a pon ae ten ue ges Mn BESS Ctr rab hae Se peer forte ton ual for Ri of ecm an oer ii tegmele iat ie” ico ace hse HERS an supe Beebe ae theca et ho falcon a ee Sliven make, or an av sy say shot grester than the oe bom he a ace Sj he ti poe oe lo Tit sph se ta re lt te een espn It he ating Ss gue tee Seen R hn Scopes Ghee tn Sache ops el open Laer hat Siping rected ‘toc ri anh ee {Se a fram gh cate a ec ay at Sued the rede of aoe ops ie Hand ‘Besse aya Me pee and ar it e deen remove lm the eye of fh FOTIC ate snide shat ten: in ttm be So ang poe ail ot {heave abo im trons it omen, ae fo fee it eg Sak ee {oer king nothing bu his ley ny eine ov etry and to attest hat he found songsuNECA dignam est trey ape ite vente. Cam iver ct igoate neque hombre sgendom ert quo mins et adie ca” Qul ‘alam Ubener pore = gull t nace fastdie ot oo aie ques eb aimaits prised ‘tia, qu in oe ia sera penitent odani ace in es sna et quae peeps ieee eye dbet a at eumy quem Po Chee or pron lt eteos meres red, ot sbi me errs ete iat po fal eda ‘ite alan ntge sper Namo geal Parte ports inputs gant et fam nom s haere pegs eesti atm moter magi ovigtpurctaraenicoum Tach cm Cenwetadoem posed titedn peostion, st nim arse et, qeam toibs damnationem erate seveiten goed sxe remem het, Saddle amie sutrtatom. Con boner ‘mores ett pings et vie ele at pene frum ext, nan tamguem pobel, sed tua Inco tom magoe torment ad castigo tenis Veendim pecan fet pa cntON MERCY, ae base 3 the anguished nothing that was worthy of the ior "Te Re lowetuntcn: tte our Ent thle he sold so he pester ee: on. hat theo gan by ching thom Some men we sloaid be gla to afar, on some we shoul sem tobe evened, and we soul rsa fom tho am hey ance wk dee he ck ale ha tc of hone iether tyne epck ct pine opp nity eae deren cui! be ae seo hts mow tothe jared to here ee anna win ete wh pre cesta apne Jremordag bai ie to let the net lve iv rence eet See ar yh oe iwi ng ore gary de sametlag Tee is je. So ane sparing ap rind option brings et of eronpion fen pasate bare ror if for ponent. The mrss sf psig we of pote meters Tada Wnts fit fm the mae af time we i ie oon hawt foe Jerr whch poi the rate Tie Jsished inthe state and vice wip oat eres th ict rane sere to chantisoment. The ney mera “0OXFORD WoRLD'S CLASSICS SENECA Dialogues and Essays Truly JOHN DAVIE ko arbi and Note OXFORD28 On Mey ‘tobe forging of wrongs dane oh than of hose dae to ther Forjastataman'smagnanimity cont, ot bing nee ith vats nater man, bu im sping mel of wi best Ca another so sal not ge he ame merely see hs fim en sother man es he aig of jie, ut ther the ‘ne who doesnot lap forward when he personaly gle ho Sndereands that magni esa lrating wrongs ben net ‘pean pone, and tat hing i toe sled hae emperor ‘ho rs bern wronged yet ar taken vengeance. 2. Vengeance normaly cheer one of wee ithe rings compensation the jure payor pac of mind forthe fine [An enperor's oane on get rhino be a ned enmpen- ‘tion and ipower ton aos fr him ocr statin or Strength by imjring another What Tapes of here ie the sition ere he as been sacked ad etraped by en of lowe eo iticis «cae of men whom be on ive counted Ns sal Ns ‘epeince tse i ees them ros been iso A inet lifer be end bya sve, by sie, yan sow; bu every ma who snes anata’ ie pee than he an hee. The, There who at the ower of cnfering and thing ay Hh ‘es rst gilt fm the godin x pt of maby. beehives ‘his upromac over those whos hts soe tim cep 3 Is pstin eat Bro, then onthe pec eh ready sated his rovenge and vind ll hat ue piss dean forthe an wh ove be eo soe a tifa ny one hasbeen st down Fm on igh a is enemy's et ad waited for others judgement on hi ifn throne eso athe en af esmaour an dvr more credit ott anna by Bing sed ‘ham ihe nd be emoved am men ight. For he tig ‘hample tothe ee of men of notersecelencr,n ramph he Would hve svi psd om sigh Bat ha roves pre Toreven hishronet be et his possesion witht harm essing, sd forint be eed the poston fam wich he el tat ‘sik ncrensingpetpecr sal the pe ofthat man who deat ‘ing bt wat content oem him oly hire This > {rump over hows wie self endo demoontse that be ound athing worthy af the conquer among the nagar He shoul del more moderately wth i flow cca and wits rmenofaiecurcriow nak anitirofsscnssenc thin origOn Mey a them down, Sone rm you sho! spe pay, hile some you ‘oul! thaktbenenh yoo besnengeen, withing Ge oem om tiny ins tha wl he and eat rushes he at whe ‘hone men ar concerned who il tact a inthe sat, wher the arespared or arsed che apport fora emai iy ofmerey tobe ed [EL Let paste question of wrong dane totes o pan {ishing which thee thee sme, which he lw ax parsed hold be Dried al by a empath to mprove the man wh pu ‘hed oshragh hi punchent make the est eter, ren ingthe badonen eae the et tv les earns The ty Ness you wil em by he bigber type of pike ‘an ies ih nore ctcumspctions has sometng ne Noone shows rep oa repation he ss; wher be anger ‘ar ay room or punthment, man eye Kind fly ‘om Inthe cc ofthe sate bowers rng han ia ping Punishments more ssc in improving ran fo the ge umber af ofeoders makes fending faa, aed thre i ese {ppotium in the esas! markt Sheer nue of those cone ‘che weskens its fre, while severity, whch the mt eve ‘re net sthoriy i icone apple. Good wos ate lmplinted ina sate and ves wiped out fan emperor shows ole anceof vise thouph he approved oi bus though erste {punting anvil andvih consid pn Arlee ttf males en embarese toed there hw er rater scery a punaimen ars baring man des "E. Moreover you wil that the ollencs ear puna are the ones ell commited. Your Biter cused more ment be fem up inthe sack verve yeas than we ae old wer sewn up slur hry Cire wee fr les ey to ppt the {ratio wieder ar ong athe cme id now El within the scope thew Theyabowed the pete wid, hoe men at i= ‘eto hd profound undersning of mares nays lei Alrepd the erie xceoding bee and suds eter than mish and nsw the pons oft bing eommed ord ‘apy that oiling spares began th he a capri fd children were shown the yo the ded By unit, Tove day to «pen ws inde in its sro state hen ck vere more fen wo be sen than rnc. A symptc atedSeneca Anger, Mercy, Revengeeho kaos that greaprtedcs nae olerting lights fon « prson of supreme power ad that nohing mare lous hen 2 prince wh has ben feed wih nny. > Rerhtion unl provides eter comfort tthe inured pty oc seus forthe frre A prince ein ie to grand or qe coma his power tao obvious ok coat in anther ‘malin This comment prsinato tack and outrage ached ty infers for he set that hove mo were nce hips ow bees in that vindstion enh, vena ive a lla ng and so cans sake oan strove Bat 9 presi lieth cin nly be done y one who egrets hin the ran he sve) nd sone wih the poner to gi ie and ae ay ugh owe the gdh gettin high-minded wa: Thiel tran the ‘uc of me th he os one eyed ol steal oh cor sty unin jdgrent oer hes, he has ened perfect ‘engeance sod aeompld ll hatte punishment ues For ing your io someone ir tntamoant o oving it wen ane us been cat dot rom an eminence grovel a heey Fst and be sated the ober’ eit on hi ie and el bi Bving “ring ory to hie ig, who gains greater tenon by eving the cater unhared than The wiped hin foes the ce of heath He rersnes perpen showpiece of the thers ie wheres woul ae passed bya moment hs he ban led in wimp) Indes, ifthe other Kingdon could safely beet hi charge, and fhe ‘oul be stored the eminence fam which he ad fille the mi ‘content 0 ake nahin bu glory fom a vangaihed ng rege 2 hag dividend of pave Thisamounts to tamphing ore one ctor and eihing that one found the conquer pote ot {ng worthy ofthe congue) Wih Flow czes bok gable nowy he pice shoal deal more moder the more tit 2 merits wai thm: some you soul lly spr othersit soul gut yout chasise—you shold daw bck yous hands odoin the cn of alee that ol ou if cosh em. Burin the se of hse whose parshmentorpeservton the whale comunity regu with intr, ou soul ve th oppor ‘not eof mene. 2a Lets moe along other peop irs neigh ‘he iw para hee tre goals which the prince lo ought toeee tcoret he eran pied oo nga vee heby png hsm ort slow eveyone ele eine more scuey once dhe malfictors have een removed em tee, You will ‘mor ensly carect he wrongdoer ims with esr penalty: a pion conduct his ie more cetefly wes he el something ttle and unnlied wheceae no on inchary of elf-expest beat tel let Hing moshing tat pnishment in fest = Kindo Inponiy () Howevee a suring ue of punishment doce mote £2 correc commonly ais, for a mukitude of wrongdoer ole swongdaing 3 mater of habit condemnations ht come thik sd fast relove the sigma of pusshmet, and stricta, when ge eed ose its mora authoring which mow portant hing per () The pine exes good practices fr he comity td lens aay ies es patent eth cheater—nae in 239° ‘roving mane: bo a one who undertakes her chastrent villi and th ret anguish" Arles clemency miles nen ‘cht do wrong punishment cen noch more grievous when ordinals darned man 23 Yul ce, moreove tht the eines commonly pied are ‘he net commonly cmenited You thee” sewed re nen op inch in ve years than wee heed of al pat age combine hen ware much es old about wating theultimate too at Tonga there warn lat over the crime!” The mena he very vt pat, who were upenely Eighted and very canny about ‘he nature of things, pee fo overlook the eine as chough t were unthinkable and beyond all daring her han pis and ‘here show tha oul be commited th pte cave nto cexence ong with the law eth punihmen dro heir atention tothe deo. Filal devotion each its air ence we sn more ache ‘han cones (ana commanity whee pope are alps, Snnocence comes enjoy pene suport and it indy eared ‘common good, Provded that cormmaiy thik tel innocent, "wil b, wl be mor indignant those who depart fan the sete standard of goodies sae ha tey ae fe: Ie iy, ete me ola communiysechow any moe wished men thee se [2] tna once upon x me roped inthe Sense hates ‘ould he dtinguised fm ie men by te dee it then b= ‘ame sparen how moch danger would deste four sv beganCAMBRIDGE TEXTS IN THE HISTORY OF POLITICAL THOUGHT SENECA Moral and Political EssaysBook 1 dishonoured by inferiors. For if he now sees his former equals at his feet, he has had vengeance enough. A king can be killed by 2 slave, by a sement, by a mere arrow; whereas no one has ever saved anyone without being superior to the person saved. ‘2) So be should use in a noble spirit the great gift which the gods have given him ~ his power to grant life and to take it away. Above ali, with those whom he knows to have been on the same royal pinacle as he. When he has gained cootrol over them, his retribution is already complete. He has done all that is needed for true punish- ment. To owe one’s life isto have lost it, Anyone who has fallen from the heights to his enemy's feet and has had 10 wait for another to pass sentence on his life and kingdom, survives ‘0 the elory of his saviour, contributing more to that renown by his safety than if snatched from sight. He offers a lasting spectacle of the others excellence. In a uiumphal procession, he would soon have passed out of sight. () And of course, if his kingdom can safely be left in his charge, if he can be cestored 10 the state from which he fll, the praise will be hugely increased for one who was content to take from 2 conquered king nothing beyond his glory. To do this is to triumph over one’s own victory, to testify that one has found nothing among the vanquished worthy of 2 vicior. (4) Towards his own citizens, if they are unknown or of low degree, the prince should act all the more moderately because their destruc~ tion matters les. Some you may be happy to spare, some you may disdain to punish, You must stay your hand, as you do with animals that are small but messy if crushed. And there are those whose pardon of punishment wil be on the lips of the whole city. The ‘occasion for conspicuous mercy should be grasped 22 (1) Let us pass on to wrongs done to others. In punishing them there are three principles which the law follows and which 4 prince, 00, should follow: either to correct the person punished, for to improve others by his punishment, or else to remove the wicked so that the rest may live in greater security. The wicked themselves you will find easier to correct by a lighter punishment ~ ‘one takes more care how one lives, if there is something let to lose. No one has any thought for his dignity when it is gone, To afford no scope for further punishment is a kind of immunity. (2) Again, public morals are beter put right by a sparing use of punitive measures, For wrongdoing becomes the general practice 153