Laboratory Manual in PHYSICS for | PUC MODEL VIVA - VOCE QUESTIONS: VERNIER CALIPERS, SCREW GAUGE AND SPHEROMETER: Define least count. ‘The smallest measurement that can be measured bya given instrument accurately. What is the value of least count of (i) ordinary scale (ii) vernier calipers il) screw gauge —_—_(iv) spherometer? (10.1 cm (ji) 0.01 cm (ii) 0.02 mm (jv) 0.01 mm. What is the value of pitch of (i) Screw gauge (ji) spherometer? (1mm (i) 1mm. What is the order of smallest measurement that can be measured using (i)vernier calipers (li) screw gauge? (i) 10%m (ii) 10° m In measurement of small lengths why do we prefer screw gauge over vernier calipers? Because screw gauge can measure distances smaifer than vernier calipers. OR least count of screw gauge is smaller than that of vernier calipers. So the reading taken from screw gauge is more precise than taken vernier calipers. ‘As number of divisions increases in Vernier calipers what happens to least count? The value of least count decreases. How do you measure the thickness of single paper sheet of your observation book using screw gauge? Hold 100 sheets of a book. Measure the thickness of 100 sheets using screw gauge. The measured thickness divided by 100 gives thickness of one paper sheet. The diameter of cylindrical rod measured using a vernier calipers and a screw gauge. Which gives more precise reading? The reading taken from screw gauge What is the use of a spherometer? To find the radius of curvature of spherical surfaces. How can the random errors found in an experiment be reduced? By performing the experiment many times and taking the mean of the values obtained in different trails. Name the unit used to measure large distances such as distance between celestial bodies? ‘Astronomical unit, Light year, Parsec. SIMPLE PENDULUM AND SPRING CONSTANT: 12. Give an example simple harmonic motion. Y Oscillation of loaded spring. Y Vibration of tuning fork prongs. 13. Whats a second’s pendulum? ¥ — Apendulum which ticks second and having a time period of two seconds. 14. What is the time period of second’s pendulum? Time period: T= 2s. 15. Name the two factors on which the time period of oscillations of simple pendulum depends? Length of pendulum and Acceleration due to gravity 16. Name the two factors on which the time period of oscillations of loaded spring depends? Y Mass attached to the spring and Y Spring constant of the spring. 17. Define spring constant of the spring. Y Force per unit extension is called spring constant. 18. If spring of spring constant k is cut into 2 equal parts, what is the spring constant each part? Y Spring constant each part = 2k 19. What happens to the time period of the simple pendulum when it is taken from earth surface to moon surface? The time period increases as g decreases. What happens to the time period of the simple pendulum when it is taken from equator to poles? The time period decreases as g increases. Define time period. The time taken for one compete oscillation or vibration. Does the time period of the simple pendulum depends on the mass of the pendulum bob? No. The time period is independent of the mass of the pendulum bob. How does the time period of a simple pendulum depends on its length? The time period of the simple pendulum is directly proportional to the square root of its length What is the nature (kind) of the graph obtained when length of the pendulum versus the time period of simple pendulum is plotted? Parabola. What is the nature (kind) of the graph obtained when length of the pendulum versus square of the time period of simple pendulum is plotted? Straight line or linear graph. What is the relation between time period and frequency? Time period is reciprocal of frequency. Define frequency. The number of oscillations completed in 1 second 28. Whats the 5.1. unit of frequency? ¥_ hertz (Hz). Shreenivasa M Bhat, Govt. PU College, Karwar: 9740541938, 9964073075PARALLELOGRAM LAW OF VECTOR ADDITION 29. Given two equal forces say F, What is the maximum & minimum resultant of the forces? ¥ Maximum = 2F and minimum =0 30. Can two equal forces F produce a resultant equal to F? How? Explain. ¥ Yes. When F & F act act at 120° resultant also F. 311. How many minimum number of equal forces are need to produce resultant zero? Ans.: Two State the parallelogram law of vector addition. If two vectors acting at a point can be represented by the two adjacent sides of the parallelogram both in magnitude and direction, then the resultant is represented by the diagonal of the parallelogram both in magnitude and direction starting from that point What is the minimum number of unequal forces needed to produce resultant zero? Three forces. Which is the other law that can be verified in the same as parallelogram law? Triangular law of vector addition. Which are the laws used to find resultant of two vectors/forces? Triangular law of vector addition and Parallelogram law of vector addition Name the device used to measure (i) mass (ii) weight. (i) Physical balance (i) Spring balance. Parallelogram law of vector addition, when the point O (knot) is in equilibrium, is any force acting on pulleys? Ans.: Yes. FRICTION AND INCLINED PLAN! Define friction. Friction is that force which opposes the relative motion between two surfaces in contact. Define static friction. It is the force of friction, which exactly balances the applied external force when the body is in equilibrium (rest) Define kinetic friction. Frictional force that opposes relative motion between surfaces in contact Give the law of kinetic friction/expression for force of kinetic friction. Force: fx=H1xR, where R— Normal reaction. Define co-efficient of kinetic friction. It is the ratio of force of kinetic friction to the normal reaction between the surfaces in contact. 43. What does the slope of the graph between normal force or reaction R (along X-axis) and limiting fri Co-efficient of friction limiting fri Name any two methods of reducing the friction. Lubricating the moving machine parts Polishing (smoothening) the surface. Mention a situation where friction is advantageous. Y Application of brakes to stop the vehicles. 46. why the bottom of shoes/ tyres are made rough? Y — Toiincrease friction between shoe and floor/road. 47. A boy initially pulls metal drum on the floor and then he starts rolling it. When is friction minimum? Y While rolling the drum. 48. In machine parts which type of energy is produced due to friction? Y Heat energy. 49. What are the three types of friction? Y Static friction, kinetic friction and rolling friction, 50. Can the direction of force and direction of motion of a body be same? ¥ No. They are always opposite. 51. As the angle of inclination is increased what happens to the downward force? ¥ Increases. 52. When roller starts moving with constant velocity, what is the net force on it? v Net force is zero. 53. Which type friction exists between a rol sphere/roller over a surface? ¥ Rolling friction. 54. How does the weight W added to the pan depends on the angle of in n (0). Y Weight: Wor sind. ‘55. What is the nature (kind) of the graph obtained when weight W versus the sind is plotted in inclined plane experiment? The graph between W and sind is a straight line. NEWTON'S LAW OF COOLING (COOLING CURVE] 56. What is the S.|. unit of temperature? ¥ kelvin (K) 57. State Newton's law of cooling. ¥ The rate of cooling of body is directly proportional to temperature of the hot body and that of surroundings. 58. What are the three modes of heat transfer? ¥ Conduction, Convection and radiation. ion F; (along Y-axis) represents? difference between the Shreenivasa M Bhat, Govt. PU College, Karwar: 9740541938, 9964073075, Laboratory Manual in PHYSICS for I PUC59. What is the nature (kind) of the graph obtained RESONANCE COLUM! when excess temperature versus time is plotted in| 74, What is an open pipe? Newton's law of cooling experiment? Y The pipe open at both the ends. ¥ — Exponentially decreasing (decay) curve. ‘75. What is a closed pipe? 60. What is the nature (kind) of the graph obtained Y The pipe open at one end and closed at other end when logarithm of excess temperature ‘76. Is resonance column tube is open pipe or closed logio(0-0,) versus time (t) is plotted in Newton's, pipe? law of cooling experiment? Y Itisaclosed pipe. Straight line or linear graph. ‘7. Name one musical instrument which works on 61. Name the modes of heat transfer the principle of open pipe. (i) solids and iquids. v Flute. ¥ (i) Conduction and (ii) convection. ‘78. Name a physical factor in which velocity of 62. Name the mode of heat transfer in vacuum. sound in gas depends? ¥ Radiation. Y Temperature, density, humidity? 63. Why does the calorimeter enclosed in a wooden '79. How does the velocity of sound in air vary with Jacket and wool arount temperature? ¥ To minimize the heat loss to the surroundings. ¥ The velocity of sound in air is directly 64. What are conductors? Give an example. proportional to the square root of the absolute ¥ The materials which conduct/transfer heat, temperature. through them are called conductors. 80. Whats the velocity of sound in air at 0 °C? Example: Copper, silver, aluminium, gold. ¥ 331m/s. 65. What are insulators? Give an example. 81. Does sound travel in vacuum? ¥ The materials which do not conduct/transfer heat If'so what is its speed? through them are called insulators. Y No. Sound waves cannot propagate in vacuum. Example: Wood, paper, wool, porcelain, rubber. ‘82. In which medium among the following the speed SURFACE TENSION: of sound is highest — solid, liquid and gas? 66. On what factor surface tension of water | Highest in Solids and least in gas, depends? 83. What is resonance? Y Temperature Y The phenomenon in which a body or particle 6'7. How to reduce the surface tenaltiag Dart vibrates with maximum amplitude when applied frequency is equal to the natural frequency of ¥ By heating or adding detergents. the vibrating body. 68. Define surface tension. Y Surface tension is the force per unit length acting SONOMETER: in the plane of interface between the liquid and 84. What happens to the amplitude of vibration ‘the bounding surface. at resonance? 69. What is the SI unit of surface tension? ¥ At resonance amplitude is maximum. ¥ newton per metre (N/m). 85. Why holes are made in sonometer box? 70. How to reduce the surface tension of water? Y To intensify the sound. ¥ Heatigisttoe ating detergents. 86. How does the frequency of resonating wire 71. Why does water rises in a capillary tube? in sonometer depends on length? ¥ Due to surface tension, v The frequency of resonating wire is inversely proportional to length. 87. Do stationary waves carry energy and 72. What is capillarity? ¥ The phenomenon in which raise or fall in the liquid level inside the capillary tube when one end of itis. immersed in a liquid. momentum? 73. How does the capillary rise (height) depends on ¥ No. radius of the capillary tube? 88. Does the velocity of sound depend on Y Capillary rise (height) decreases when radius temperature? increases. Yes. Laboratory Manual in PHYSICS for 1PUC _Shreenivasa M Bhat, Govt. PU College, Karwar: 9740541938, 996407307589. How does the frequency of resonating wire in sonometer depends on tension in the wire? Y The frequency of resonating wire is directly proportional to the square root of the tension. 90. What are stationary waves? v¥ Wave formed due to superposition of two identical waves of same amplitude and same frequency travelling in opposite direction is called a stationary wave. 91. What is the difference between progressive wave and stationary wave? Vv Progressive waves carry stationary waves do not energy. 92. Tension(T) versus square of length (F) graph is a straight line. What does it mean? Y — Tension is directly proportional to the square of the length at a constant frequency. SPECIFIC HEAT CAPACITY OF SOLID: 93. State the principle of calorimetry. Y If bodies of different temperatures are brought in thermal contact, the amount of heat lost by the body at higher temperature is equal to the amount of heat gained by the body at lower temperature, at thermal equilibrium, provided no heat is lost to the surrounding. 94. Define specific heat capacity of a substance. Y It is the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of unit mass of a substance by 1°C 95. What is the SI unit specific heat capacity? energy but v JkgtK7 96. What is ratio of specific heat of 100 g of water and 500 g of water? ¥ 1:1. Specific heat capacity is independent of mass. 97. Metals of low specific heat value are preferred in constructing cooking vessels. Why? ¥ Less amount of heat energy will be enough to raise their temperature. 98. Name the substance wi h has hest specific heat capacity. v Water 99. What is the value of specific heat capacity of water? v 4186 Ske 'K! ~ 4200Ske'K? YOUNG'S MODULUS 100. What is elasticity? ‘Ans.: Elasticity is the property of the material of a body due to which it regains its original shape and size on removal of the deforming forces. 101.Which is more elastic among glass, copper and steel ? Why? ‘Ans.; Steel, because it has more Young modulus. 102. What is stress? ‘Ans.: Restoring force per unit area 103. What is the SI unit of stress? Ans.: Nm 104. What is strain? ‘Ans.; Ratio of change in dimension to the original dimension. 108. State the unit of strain if any. Ans.: No unit. 106. Cables used in canes for lifting heavy objects are usually made by a number of thin wires braided together instead of thick single wire. Why? Ans.: It gives more strength and more flexibility COEFFICIENT OF VISCOSITY 107. What is the acceleration of the rain drops after attaining the terminal velocity? Ans.: Zero. 108. What is terminal velocity? Ans.: The constant velocity with which an object moves ina fluid (viscous medium) is known as terminal velocity. Is viscous force a frictional force? 109. Ans.: Yes. 110. What type of shape of the body makes it easier to move inside a fluid? Ans.: Streamlined body 111. How does viscosity of liquids vary with temperature? Ans.: Viscosity of liquids decreases with increase in temperature. 112. Give examples for streamlined bodies. Ans.: Boat, Aero plane, shape of birds, fish, racing cars. 113.A drop of water kept on the surface of a table spreads faster than a drop of oil. Why? Ans: Coefficient of water is less than that of oil. Laboratory Manual in PHYSICS for I PUC Shreenivasa M Bhat, Govt. PU College, war: 9740541938, 9964073075,