CARE OF PATIENT WITH HEMODIALYSIS

Hemodialysis: A medical procedure to remove fluid and waste products from

the blood and to correct electrolyte imbalances. This is accomplished using a
machine and a dialyzer, also referred to as an "artificial kidney."

Hemodialysis is used to treat both acute (temporary) and chronic

(permanent) kidney failure.

Its take 3 times per week from 3-6 hours

the different types of hemodialysis:

A. Arteriovenous (AV) fistula: This type connects an artery and a vein.

It’s the preferred option.
B. AV graft: This type is a looped tube.
C. Vascular access catheter:This may be inserted into the large vein in
the neck.

Risks associated with hemodialysis

• Hemodialysis risks include:
1. low blood pressure
2. anemia, or not having enough red blood cells
3. muscle cramping
4. difficulty sleeping
5. itching

1
 6. high blood potassium levels
7. pericarditis, an inflammation of the membrane around the heart
8. sepsis
9. bacteremia, or a bloodstream infection
10.irregular heartbeat
11.sudden cardiac death, the leading cause of death in people
undergoing dialysis

• INDICATIONS:

• Fluid overload (including refractory heart failure)

• Hyperkalemia
• Hypercalcemia
• Metabolic acidosis
• Pericarditis
• Uremic symptoms
• Some poisonings

CONTRAINDICATIONS:
• Uncooperative or hemodynamically unstable patient

Complications of Hemodialysis
1) Hypotension
2) Electrolyte Abnormalities
3) Infection
4) Fluid Overload
5) Dialysis Disequilibrium Syndrome

Procedure:

What happens during hemodialysis?

During hemodialysis, the blood goes through a filter, called a dialyzer, outside the body. A
dialyzer is sometimes called an “artificial kidney.”
At the start of a hemodialysis treatment, a dialysis nurse or technician places two needles
into the patient arm. You may prefer to put in your own needles after you’re trained by
the health care team. A numbing cream or spray can be used if placing the needles
bothers you. Each needle is attached to a soft tube connected to the dialysis machine.

2
During hemodialysis, the blood is pumped through a filter, called a dialyzer.The
dialysis machine pumps blood through the filter and returns the blood to the body.
During the process, the dialysis machine checks the blood pressure and controls how
quickly
• blood flows through the filter
• fluid is removed from the body

What happens to the blood while it’s in the filter?

Blood enters at one end of the filter and is forced into many, very thin, hollow fibers. As
the blood passes through the hollow fibers, dialysis solution passes in the opposite
direction on the outside of the fibers. Waste products from the blood move into the
dialysis solution. Filtered blood remains in the hollow fibers and returns to the body.

After hemodialysis:

1) assess the vascular access for any bleeding or hemorrhage.

2) When you move the patient or help with ambulation, avoid trauma to or
excessive pressure on the affected arm.
3) Assess for blebs (ballooning or bulging) of the vascular access that
may indicate an aneurysm that can rupture and cause hemorrhage..
4) not to use any creams and lotions on the vascular access site.