How and why the F&I war was a major turning point between England and the Colonies

-BP#1(Lectures notes): end of salutary neglect

1607 - 1764
Salutary neglect: Britain crown allows colonies to govern themselves, not imposing certain laws like
trade laws to allow colonies to flourish and benefit both them and the crown.
1763
Seven years war ends, and the cost from the war led Britain to taxing colonists through laws like the
Stamp act and Townshend Acts
-BP#2(Lecture Notes): taxation
No taxation without representation, colonists shouldn’t be taxed without representatives in Parliament
Used during stamp act crisis
-BP#3(Lecture Notes): common sense
Thomas Paine
A pamphlet published 1776 helping explain revolutionary aims to common colonists
Changed dynamics of the argument for the revolution
Many colonists wanted reconciliation not rebellion, because being a part of Britain empire is good
Common sense helped colonists realize the aristocratic and monarchical tyranny of Great Britain
-BP#4(Lecture Notes): the enlightenment
Enlightenment period: an intellectual and cultural movement in 18 th century
Believed reason and knowledge could lead to progress and advancements in society
The founding of a new colony, Georgia (a government-funded colonial project)
John Locke: Two Treatises of Government, natural rights, consent of the governed
Baron de Montesquieu: The Spirit of Laws, advocated checks and balances and separation of powers,
dividing power among branches
US government: 3 branches, freedom of speech
Encouraged colonies to challenge authority and unjust government, influence American Rev

Factors contributing to the American Revolution and why the colonies were victorious
-BP#1(Lectures notes): Washington’s leadership
1789 Washington becomes first president
- Debate over national bank
- Proclamation of Neutrality in French revolution
- The Whiskey rebellion
-BP#2(Lecture Notes): the declaration
Declaration of independence:
- declare political bonds are separate from Britain
- all men are equal
- natural rights: life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness
- government power comes from citizens
- up to citizens to fix or replace the government if it is corrupt
- pointed out what Great Britain did wrong
- colonies declare independence from Britain
- United States can now make its own laws and diplomacy
-BP#3(Lecture Notes): alliance with France
1778
Treaty of Alliance with France during American revolution
Military collaboration against Britain, incredible ally
Differences and Similarities between the Articles of Confederation and the Constitution
-BP#1(Lectures notes): NW ordinance
Northwest Ordinance of 1787
Set a process for new states to join the United States, Northwest territory
Would not become slave states
New states would be equally as powerful as other states
-BP#2(Lecture Notes): Shay’s rebellion
1786 – 1787
A series of protests in Massachusetts, leader Daniel Shays
Sparked by outrage from rural farmers who were losing their land due to inability to pay high taxes
State military eventually shut down rebellion
Worried national leaders for next rebellion befalling the nation, Federalists argued for a stronger central
government to stabilize the government
Articles of Confederation 1781 -> changes through the Constitutional Convention 1787
-BP#3(Lecture Notes): whiskey rebellion
An uprising of western Pennsylvania farmers
1791 – 1794
Response to Hamilton’s tax on whiskey, in order to pay federal government debt
Affected Appalachia region, where farmers sold whiskey
Inequality, was a regressive tax, meaning big distillers could pay a single fee while small famers had to
pay a tax per barrel
Washington called up federalized military to disperse rebellion
Jefferson believed the government response was an overreaction
-BP#4(Lecture Notes): federalism
Where political power is divided between a central national government and smaller government units
Federalists backed constitution, need for a centralized government
-BP#5(Lecture Notes): checks and balances
Where different branches of the government are set to watch over each other and prevent actions and
share power
Prevented any branch from taking over the government
-BP#6(Lecture Notes): separation of powers
Constitutional division of powers among the legislative, executive, and judicial branches
the legislative branch making law
the executive applying and enforcing the law
the judiciary interpreting the law

Why political parties formed

-BP#1(Lectures notes): Hamilton’s economic plan
Proposed federal government pays back all confederation debt from the revolution
Issue new security bonds to raise funds
Proposed Bank of United States, paper currency, more stable economy
Wanted U.S. to adopt a mercantilist economic policy, industrialize, protect Americans from tariffs and
subsidies
-BP#2(Lecture Notes): French revolution
1790’s
Inspired by the American Revolution
French fight against monarchy to establish a democracy
Conflict arise between French and British
George Washington chose to stay impartial to the war
Dispute between Jefferson (French supporter, Democratic-republican) and Hamilton (stay out of it,
federalists)
-BP#3(Lecture Notes): Washington’s farewell address
When George Washington left office, he left a letter to be published in articles

Warned Americans not to:

- Get involved in European affairs

- Make “permanent alliances” with other countries
- Form political parties
- Get distracted by differences between states