TROP DES:

TROPICAL ARCHITECTURE

RSW-MT_01:
CLIMATE
RESPONSIVE DESIGN,
PASSIVE DESIGN
STRATEGIES AND
TROPICAL DESIGN
IN ARCHITECTURE

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1. CLIMATE RESPONSIVE DESIGN

CLIMATE-RESPONSIVE ARCHITECTURE DESIGNS BUILDINGS AND STRUCTURES TO ADAPT

TO LOCAL CLIMATE AND ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS, AIMING OF CLIMATE-RESPONSIVE
ARCHITECTURE IS TO CREATE A COMFORTABLE INTERIOR WHILE REDUCING THE BUILDING’S
RELIANCE ON ARTIFICIAL ENERGY. A CLIMAT RESPONSIVE BUILDING DESIGN REFLECTS THE
WEATHER CONDITIONS IN THE PRECISE AREA WHERE THE BUILDING IS CONSTRUCTED. THE
DESIGN UTILIZES DATA ON THE REGION’S WEATHER PATTERNS AND ACCOUNTS FOR FACTORS
LIKE SEASONALITY, INTENSITY OF THE SUN, WIND, RAINFALL AND HUMIDITY.

CLIMATE-RESPONSIVE DESIGN FOCUSES ON CREATING BUILDINGS AND URBAN

ENVIRONMENTS THAT ADAPT TO LOCAL CLIMATE, PROMOTING SUSTAINABILITY AND
COMFORT, INCORPORATING VARIOUS ELEMENTS AND CONSIDERATIONS. HERE ARE SOME
ESSENTIAL COMPONENTS AND FACTORS OF CLIMATE-RESPONSIVE DESIGN THAT ARE
ESSENTIAL FOR PRODUCING STRUCTURES AND URBAN SETTINGS THAT ARE COMFORTABLE
AND SUSTAINABLE WHILE ALSO BEING WELL-SUITED TO THE LOCAL CLIMATE:

SITE ANAYSIS
THROUGH SITE ANALYSIS, IT'S ESSENTIAL TO COMPREHEND THE IMPLICATIONS OF
THE STRUCTURE IN ORDER TO COMPREHEND THE PARTICULAR SITE. IN ORDER TO
ATTAIN THE BEST POSSIBLE LOCATION FOR THE STRUCTURE, AN INTEGRATIVE DESIGN
APPROACH IS USED TO CREATE THE BUILDING'S LAYOUT.
SUN DIRECTION
THE LOCATION OF THE BUILDING SHOULD TAKE INTO ACCOUNT THE CARDINAL
DIRECTIONS. THE OBJECTIVE IS TO MINIMIZE SOLAR RADIATION IN THE SUMMER AND
INCREASE SOLAR RADIATION IN THE WINTER IN ORDER TO LESSEN THE NEED FOR
MECHANICAL ENERGY FOR COOLING AND HEATING.
NATURAL VENTILATION
DESIGNING FOR STACK VENTILATION IN A BUILDING CAN COOL BY DRAWING
COOLER AIR FROM LOW OPENINGS, PROTECTING AGAINST WARM RISES, AND
TRANSFERRING HEAT THROUGH TOP-FLOOR OPENINGS.
COMFORT
THE FOCUS IS ON CREATING COMFORTABLE, WELL-DESIGNED SPACES THAT
ENHANCE WELL-BEING AND PRODUCTIVITY BY FOCUSING ON INDOOR AIR QUALITY,
ACOUSTICS, AND ERGONOMIC DESIGN.
ADAPTABILITY
THE DESIGN PROCESS INVOLVES ENSURING STRUCTURES ARE RESILIENT TO
VARIOUS WEATHER CONDITIONS, INCLUDING FLOODING, STORMS, AND HEATWAVES,
TO ADAPT TO CHANGING CLIMATE CONDITIONS.

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1. CLIMATE RESPONSIVE DESIGN

CLIMATE-RESPONSIVE ARCHITECTURE FOCUSES ON CREATING ENERGY-EFFICIENT,

COMFORTABLE STRUCTURES THAT ADAPT TO LOCAL CLIMATE, SUN DIRECTION, SITE-
SPECIFIC ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS, SEASONALITY, AND OTHER FACTORS FOR OPTIMAL
USER COMFORT.

CLIMATE CHANGE IS A SIGNIFICANT

CHALLENGE, AND CLIMATE-RESPONSIVE ARCHITECTURE AIMS TO REDUCE CARBON DIOXIDE
EMISSIONS BY OPTIMIZING BUILDINGS FOR SPECIFIC SITE CHARACTERISTICS, MINIMIZING
ENERGY USE, AND MINIMIZING ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT.

THE STONEMASONRY WALLS AND

ROOF WERE DESIGNED TO BALANCE TEMPERATURE VARIATIONS, WITH INVERTED
TERRACOTTA POTS FOR HEAT RESISTANCE. A WIND TOWER CONNECTED FLOORS FOR COOL
AIR AND VENTILATION. THE STRUCTURE CONSERVES ENERGY AND UTILIZES PASSIVE
METHODS.
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 2. PASSIVE DESIGN STRATEGIES

PASSIVE DESIGN STRATEGIES ARE ARCHITECTURAL TECHNIQUES THAT USE NATURAL

ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS TO CREATE ENERGY-EFFICIENT INDOOR SPACES WITHOUT
RELYING ON ACTIVE MECHANICAL SYSTEMS, MAXIMIZING RESOURCE USE, REDUCING ENERGY
CONSUMPTION, AND MINIMIZING ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT. PASSIVE DESIGN, WHICH ADAPTS TO
LOCAL CLIMATE, ENSURES COMFORTABLE HOME TEMPERATURES, REDUCES HEATING OR
COOLING NEEDS, AND RELIES ON ACTIVE OCCUPANTS, RESULTING IN LOW ENERGY BILLS AND
GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS. PASSIVE DESIGN STRATEGIES ENHANCE SUSTAINABLE AND
ENERGY-EFFICIENT BUILDING DESIGN BY MINIMIZING MECHANICAL SYSTEMS, REDUCING
ENERGY CONSUMPTION, AND PROMOTING COMFORT AND LONG-TERM ENVIRONMENTAL
SUSTAINABILITY.

TO KEEP PEOPLE COMFORTABLE YOU’LL NEED TO USE THE RIGHT COMBINATION OF PASSIVE
AND ACTIVE DESIGN STRATEGIES. HIGH-PERFORMANCE BUILDINGS USE THE RIGHT BLEND OF
PASSIVE AND ACTIVE DESIGN STRATEGIES TO MINIMIZE ENERGY, MATERIALS, WATER, AND
LAND USE.

PASSIVE DESIGN STRATEGIES

USE AMBIENT ENERGY SOURCES INSTEAD OF PURCHASED ENERGY LIKE ELECTRICITY OR
NATURAL GAS. THESE STRATEGIES INCLUDE DAYLIGHTING, NATURAL VENTILATION, AND SOLAR
ENERGY.

ACTIVE DESIGN STRATEGIES

USE PURCHASED ENERGY TO KEEP THE BUILDING COMFORTABLE. THESE STRATEGIES
INCLUDE FORCED-AIR HVAC SYSTEMS, HEAT PUMPS, RADIANT PANELS OR CHILLED BEAMS, AND
ELECTRIC LIGHTS.

HYBRID SYSTEMS
USE SOME MECHANICAL ENERGY TO ENHANCE THE USE OF AMBIENT ENERGY SOURCES.
THESE STRATEGIES INCLUDE HEAT RECOVERY VENTILATION, ECONOMIZER VENTILATION,
SOLAR THERMAL SYSTEMS, RADIANT FACADES AND EVEN GROUND SOURCE HEAT PUMPS MIGHT
BE INCLUDED IN THIS CATEGORY.
IN GENERAL, YOU’LL WANT TO OPTIMIZE YOUR DESIGN FOR PASSIVE STRATEGIES FIRST. DOING
SO CAN OFTEN DOWNSIZE THE ACTIVE SYSTEMS YOU’LL NEED TO INSTALL.

CONSIDER THE ANALOGY OF A SAILBOAT, WHICH USES NATURAL FORCES TO PROPEL A BOAT
THROUGH WATER. SIMILARLY, YOU CAN ‘SAIL’ YOUR BUILDING AND KEEP ITS OCCUPANTS
COMFORTABLE BY USING PASSIVE DESIGN STRATEGIES FOR HEATING, COOLING AND
VENTILATION.

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3. PASSIVE DESIGN STRATEGIES

THERMAL WALLS WITH NIGHT VENTILATION HOLES ARE USED IN HOT CLIMATES WHERE BOTH
DAY AND NIGHT NEED COOLING. AT NIGHT, THE OPEN DESIGN ALLOWS FOR NATURAL
VENTILATION.

IN REGIONS WHERE THE AIR IS EXTREMELY DRY AND HOT, THIS TYPE OF COOLING IS USED.
HERE, DRYNESS IS THE MAIN ISSUE, SO WATER PONDS ARE SET UP TO RAISE THE RELATIVE
HUMIDITY LEVEL. THE EVAPORATING MOLECULES REMOVE LATENT HEAT FROM THE AIR,
COOLING THE AREA AROUND A POND AND MAKING IT COMFORTABLE.

DIRECT SUNLIGHT STRIKES THE OUTSIDE WALL, HEATING IT, AND HEATING THE PASSAGE,
WHICH SERVES AS A THERMAL MASS AND LESS INTENSELY HEATS THE INNER WALL. THE FACT
THAT THIS DESIGN OBSTRUCTS VISTAS AND DAYLIGHT MAKES IT LESS POPULAR.

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 4. TROPICAL DESIGN
ARCHITECTURAL STYLES OR METHODS THAT ARE SPECIFICALLY ADAPTED TO THE
SPECIAL CLIMATIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL FEATURES OF TROPICAL LOCATIONS ARE KNOWN AS
TROPICAL DESIGN. TROPICAL ARCHITECTURE IS THE TYPE OF DESIGN THAT FOCUSES ON AND
RESPONDS TO THE CLIMATIC CONDITIONS OF THE TROPICS. IT TAKES INTO ACCOUNT THE HOT,
MUGGY WEATHER THAT IS TYPICALLY EXPERIENCED IN TROPICAL AREAS, AS WELL AS OTHER
ELEMENTS LIKE SIGNIFICANT AMOUNTS OF RAINFALL, INTENSE SUNLIGHT, AND THE NEED FOR
NATURAL VENTILATION. IT RESEARCHES THE IMPORTANT FACTORS THAT HAVE AN IMPACT ON
TROPICAL ARCHITECTURE AND CREATES PASSIVE HEAT-REDUCTION TECHNIQUES.
ADDITIONALLY, IT PROMOTES AIRFLOW INSIDE A HOUSE OR OTHER STRUCTURE.

PRIORITIZING CLIMATE RESILIENCY, CHARACTERISTICS, GUIDING PRINCIPLES, AND

CONSIDERATION OF TROPICAL DESIGN IN ARCHITECTURE, TROPICAL DESIGN IN ARCHITECTURE

SITE ORIENTATION
THE SITE'S ABILITY TO UTILIZE PREVAILING WINDS AND SHIELD
AGAINST SUN EXPOSURE IS
INFLUENCED BY ITS GLOBAL LOCATION.

SHADING
SUN SHADING PREVENTS HEAT TRANSFER TO INTERIOR
SPACES BY PREVENTING DIRECT SUNLIGHT FROM ENTERING
THE HOME, THEREBY REDUCING THE OVERALL
TEMPERATURE.

VENTILATION
CROSS VENTILATION ENSURES A CONSTANT AIR FLOW,
ALLOWING COOL AIR TO PASS FROM ONE ROOM TO
ANOTHER, THEREBY PROMOTING COMFORTABLE INDOOR TEMPERATURES.

WALL MATERIALS AND CONSTRUCTION

DUE TO THEIR THERMAL PROPERTIES, LIGHTWEIGHT
MATERIALS ARE TYPICALLY PREFERABLE FOR HOUSE
DESIGNS IN TROPICAL AREAS.

ROOF DEISGN
THE ROOF, EXPOSED TO THE SUN, CAN EMIT SIGNIFICANT
HEAT INTO HOMES, BUT LIGHT-COLORED AND REFLECTIVE
ROOFING MATERIALS ALLOW LESS HEAT TO ESCAPE.
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EXTERIOR SPACES
OUTDOOR SPACES OFFER SHADE AND CONNECT PEOPLE WITH
THE NATURAL ENVIRONMENT, PROVIDING A BEAUTIFUL AND
FUNCTIONAL ADDITION TO ANY HOME.

WATER AND ENERGY EFFICIENCY

RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES LIKE SOLAR THERMAL
PANELS, PV PANELS, AND RAINWATER COLLECTION CAN BE
USED TO HEAT WATER, GENERATE ELECTRICITY, AND
REDUCE GROUNDWATER SUPPLY STRAIN IN WATER-SCARCE COUNTRIES.
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5. TROPICAL DESIGN
 PROJECT TITLE: COPA HOUSE
PROJECT ARCHITECT: JIRAU ARQUITETURA
PROJECT LOCATION: BEZORROS, BRAZIL
PROJECT COMPLETION/ PROJECT COMPLETED: 2020

DURING THE CORONA VIRUS PANDEMIC, A NUMBER OF VENTURES "BORN" AND

"DEVELOPED" IN QUARANTINE INCLUDED CASA COPA. TELEPHONE CALLS WERE USED TO GET
IN TOUCH WITH THE CLIENTS. ZOOM WAS USED FOR BOTH THE PRESENTATION OF THE DRAFT
AND THE MEETING WITH THE DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT TEAM. THE PROJECT FOR THE
HOUSE WAS DESIGNED BY OUR TEAM, AND OUR CONSTRUCTION BUSINESS CARRIED IT OUT. IT
WAS A CHALLENGING MOMENT DUE TO THE SOCIAL DISTANCE AND OTHER ISSUES THAT
SURFACED.

A PRIVATE CONDOMINIUM IN SERRA NEGRA, IN THE MUNICIPALITY OF BEZERROS, PE,

CONTAINS THE STEEP AREA. OUR AGENCY CREATED THE CONDOMINIUM WITH A DIFFICULT
URBAN PLAN THAT SUGGESTED TO EXECUTE THE 79 LOTS WITHOUT CUTTING DOWN A SINGLE
TREE FROM THE ORIGINAL SITE.

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THE CHOICE TO INSTALL THREE BEDROOMS, AN INTEGRATED KITCHEN, AND A BATHROOM
ON THE GROUND FLOOR, WHICH IS BELOW THE SOCIAL LEVEL. THE ARCHITECT CAME TO
THE CONCLUSION THAT THE HOME COULD ACCOMMODATE GUESTS WITH IMPAIRMENTS OR
LIMITED MOBILITY BY ADDING A ROOM AT STREET LEVEL. THEY BUILT A PLATFORM TO
SERVE AS A VEHICLE SHELTER ALONG THE STREET LINE, WITH A LOWER RESERVOIR, THE
LAUNDRY, A WAREHOUSE, AND A SERVICE ROOM UNDERNEATH.

DURING THE EXECUTION PROCESS, THE CLIENT ASKED US TO HAVE AN ADVANTAGE ON

THE SPACE OF THE STILTS THAT WAS UNDER THE SLAB AND, IN THAT SPACE, WE DESIGNED
THE SECOND LOWER LEVEL, WHERE WE SHELTERED A "CACHAÇARIA" LINKED BY A
SANTOS DUMONT LADDER.

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THEY DEVELOPED A STRATEGIC STRUCTURAL SOLUTION TO QUICKLY LEAVE GROUND

LEVEL, MINIMIZING PILLARS AND BUILDING A SLAB ON TOP. OVERCAME FOUNDATION
PROCESS IN A MONTH, COMPLETED HOUSE IN 180 DAYS.
THE HIGHEST LEVEL OF THE TREETOPS, AT THE SAME LEVEL AS THE ACCESS ROADWAY,
WOULD BE THE LEVEL THAT WOULD INTEREST US FOR THE EXECUTION OF THE SOCIAL
SPACE OF THE HOUSE, WE NOTICED WHEN WE VISITED THE LOCATION. THE HOUSE WOULD
BE OVERLAID ONTO THE SLOPING LAND AND JOIN THE TREETOPS, WHICH HAD PREVIOUSLY
BEEN "INHABITANTS" OF THAT AREA.

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THE COPA CASA IS A SIMPLE, NATURE-INSPIRED DESIGN THAT INCORPORATES A FIRE AND
LAKE, ALLOWING EXISTING TREES TO BE LIBERATED. IT SERVES AS A HOME FOR FRIENDS,
PARTIES, AND RELAXATION IN THE COLD AND FOG OF SERRA NEGRA.

THE HOUSE FEATURES A WOODEN ROOF WITH FIBER CEMENT BOARDS AND SLATE
COATING, PRESERVING INTIMACY AND ALLOWING FOR LANDSCAPE VIEWS. THE NORTH
FAÇADE OFFERS CLEAR VIEWS OF TREETOPS AND HORIZON, ALLOWING FOR OPEN
INTEGRATION WITH THE OUTSIDE. BALCONIES ARE CLOSED BY A WOODEN BENCH,
LIMITING CIRCULATION.

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 A PRIVATE CONDOMINIUM IN SERRA NEGRA, IN THE MUNICIPALITY OF BEZERROS, PE,
CONTAINS THE STEEP AREA. OUR AGENCY CREATED THE CONDOMINIUM WITH A DIFFICULT
URBAN PLAN THAT SUGGESTED TO EXECUTE THE 79 LOTS WITHOUT CUTTING DOWN A SINGLE
TREE FROM THE ORIGINAL SITE. THE SUN'S JOURNEY AND THE WIND'S PATH MAY BOTH BE

SEEN IN THIS.

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4. SUMMARY, SYNTHESIS AND CONCLUSION.

CLIMATE-RESPONSIVE DESIGN, PASSIVE DESIGN STRATEGIES, AND TROPICAL DESIGN

PRINCIPLES ARE CRUCIAL ELEMENTS IN CREATING SUSTAINABLE AND COMFORTABLE
RESIDENTIAL HOMES IN TROPICAL REGIONS. THROUGH MY RESEARCH, I'VE FOUND THAT A
COMPREHENSIVE APPROACH THAT INTEGRATES THESE PRINCIPLES CAN YIELD SIGNIFICANT
BENEFITS.
CLIMATE-RESPONSIVE DESIGN
CLIMATE-RESPONSIVE DESIGN ADAPTS TO TROPICAL REGIONS' UNIQUE CONDITIONS,
MAXIMIZING COMFORT AND ENERGY EFFICIENCY THROUGH BUILDING ORIENTATION
OPTIMIZATION, NATURAL VENTILATION, AND SHADING DEVICES.
PASSIVE DESIGN STRATEGIES
 PASSIVE DESIGN STRATEGIES IN TROPICAL REGIONS MINIMIZE MECHANICAL HEATING AND
COOLING RELIANCE, USING NATURAL RESOURCES LIKE SOLAR ENERGY AND WIND, AND
STRATEGICALLY PLACING WINDOWS FOR INDOOR COMFORT.
TROPICAL DESIGN PRINCIPLES
TROPICAL DESIGN PRINCIPLES PROMOTE SUSTAINABLE, CULTURALLY RELEVANT HOMES BY
INCORPORATING LOCAL MATERIALS, VERNACULAR ARCHITECTURE, AND TRADITIONAL
BUILDING TECHNIQUES, FOSTERING A CONNECTION WITH INDIGENOUS KNOWLEDGE.

THE STUDY SUGGESTS THAT A COMPREHENSIVE APPROACH THAT INTEGRATES CLIMATE-

RESPONSIVE DESIGN, PASSIVE STRATEGIES, AND TROPICAL DESIGN PRINCIPLES CAN
SIGNIFICANTLY ENHANCE THE FUNCTIONALITY OF RESIDENTIAL HOMES IN TROPICAL REGIONS.

ENERGY EFFICIENC
PASSIVE STRATEGIES AND CLIMATE-RESPONSIVE DESIGN ARE METHODS THAT REDUCE
ENERGY CONSUMPTION IN COOLING AND LIGHTING, THEREBY MAKING HOMES MORE ECO-
FRIENDLY AND COST-EFFECTIVE.
COMFORT
THE USE OF PROPER ORIENTATION, NATURAL VENTILATION, AND SHADING CAN
SIGNIFICANTLY IMPROVE INDOOR COMFORT AND CREATE HEALTHIER LIVING ENVIRONMENTS.
SUSTAINABILITY
THE INTEGRATION OF LOCAL MATERIALS AND CULTURAL ELEMENTS FOSTERS
SUSTAINABILITY AND AIDS IN THE PRESERVATION OF COMMUNITIES' CULTURAL IDENTITY.
RESILIENCE
TROPICAL DESIGN PRINCIPLES PRIORITIZE RESILIENCE TO EXTREME WEATHER EVENTS,
ENHANCING HOMES' RESILIENCE IN RESPONSE TO CLIMATE CHANGE.

INTEGRATING CLIMATE-RESPONSIVE DESIGN, PASSIVE STRATEGIES, AND TROPICAL DESIGN

PRINCIPLES IS CRUCIAL FOR SUSTAINABLE, COMFORTABLE, CULTURALLY RELEVANT, AND
RESILIENT RESIDENTIAL HOMES IN TROPICAL REGIONS, BENEFITING BOTH PEOPLE AND THE

ENVIRONMENT. 2A_12

PROMINENT DESIGN ELEMENTS:

NATURAL VENTILATION
STRATEGICALLY PLACED WINDOWS AND OPERABLE LOUVERS THAT FACILITATE CROSS-
VENTILATION. THIS DESIGN ELEMENT ENSURES A CONSTANT FLOW OF FRESH AIR, REDUCING
THE NEED FOR MECHANICAL COOLING.
BIOCLIMATIC ARCHITECTURE
THE DESIGN MAXIMIZES THE USE OF PASSIVE SOLAR PRINCIPLES BY ORIENTING THE BUILDING
TO CAPTURE PREVAILING WINDS AND MINIMIZE DIRECT SUNLIGHT EXPOSURE. THIS MINIMIZES
HEAT GAIN AND OPTIMIZES NATURAL LIGHTING.
ROOF
THE ROOF NOT ONLY ENHANCES AESTHETICS BUT ALSO ACTS AS INSULATION, REDUCING
INDOOR TEMPERATURE FLUCTUATIONS.
MATERIALS AND CONSTRUCTION:
LOCAL MATERIALS
THESE MATERIALS ARE NOT ONLY SUSTAINABLE BUT ALSO CULTURALLY SIGNIFICANT.
THERMAL INSULATION
INCORPORATING THERMAL INSULATION IN THE ROOF AND WALLS HELPS MAINTAIN
COMFORTABLE INDOOR TEMPERATURES.

LAYOUT AND SPATIAL CONFIGURATION:

OPEN-PLAN LAYOUT
THIS CONFIGURATION ENHANCES THE SENSE OF SPACIOUSNESS AND CONNECTION WITH
NATURE.
MODULAR DESIGN
THE HOUSE IS DESIGNED WITH MODULAR UNITS THAT CAN BE ADAPTED TO SUIT THE NEEDS OF
THE OCCUPANTS. THIS FLEXIBILITY ALLOWS FOR FUTURE MODIFICATIONS WHILE MINIMIZING
WASTE.
OVERALL SPATIAL CONFIGURATION
SPATIAL CONFIGURATION IS CHARACTERIZED BY FLUIDITY AND ADAPTABILITY. IT BLURS THE
BOUNDARIES BETWEEN THE INDOORS AND OUTDOORS, EMBRACES LOCAL CULTURE, AND
PRIORITIZES SUSTAINABLE MATERIALS AND CONSTRUCTION TECHNIQUES.

THE RESIDENCE SERVES AS A MODEL FOR CLIMATE-RESPONSIVE RESIDENTIAL DESIGN IN

TROPICAL REGIONS, SHOWCASING SUSTAINABLE, COMFORTABLE, AND CULTURALLY RELEVANT
LIVING SOLUTIONS, INSPIRING ARCHITECTS TO CREATE INNOVATIVE SOLUTIONS.

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REFERENCES:

https://sustainabilityworkshop.venturewell.org/node/784.html#:~:text=These
%20strategies%20include%20heat%20recovery,be%20included%20in%20this
%20category.

https://www.re-thinkingthefuture.com/rtf-fresh-perspectives/a1060-what-
architects-must-know-about-climate-responsive-architecture/

https://architropics.com/designing-a-house-for-the-tropics/
https://www.archdaily.com/971030/copa-house-jirau-arquitetura?
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