PAPER

CONDITIONAL SENTENCE

Lecturer :
Tengku Emadesti, M.Pd

Created By :
Group 7
1. Agnissa Rahmasari
2. Nadira Azkiya
3. Salsabila Aufa Yovelia
4. Shelvi Anastasya Lahagu

DINAS PENDIDIKAN PROVINSI RIAU

SMA NEGERI PLUS PROVINSI 2023
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

TABLE OF CONTENTS........................................................................... i
CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION.............................................................. 1
A. Background……………..................................................................... 1
B. Research Problem…………………………………………………… 2
C. Purpose……........................................................................................ 2
CHAPTER II. CONTENT......................................................................... 3
A. Definition of Conditional Sentence..................................................... 3
B. Types Of Conditional Sentences.......................................................... 4
1. Zero conditional sentences……………………………………......... 5
2. First conditional sentences……………………………………........ 5
3. Second conditional sentences……………………………………... 6
4. Third conditional sentences………………………………….……. 7
5. Mixed conditional sentences…………………………………......... 7
6. Another Function If Clause (conditional sentence)……………….. 8
CHAPTER III. CONCLUSION................................................................ 11
A. Coclusion…………………………………………………………. 11
B. Suggestion……………………………………………………….... 11
REFERENCES ………………………………………………….……….. 12

i
 CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION

A. Background
English is the language most widely used by people around the world.
Therefore, English is the standard international language. In any country, be it a
developing country or a developed country, it requires every resident to be able to
speak English fluently in order to face global competition. To be able to speak
English fluently and correctly one must be willing to learn it. One of the steps to be
able to speak English properly is to learn to write sentences in English properly and
correctly, in English sentences are called "sentences".
Solahudin (2013, p.79) argues that "The sentence is a series that expresses a
concept of thought or feeling. From this understanding it can be explained that
sentences are composed of sentence-forming elements or better known as sentence
structure elements. In general, sentence structure consists of a subject (usually a
noun), a predicate (usually a verb/verb/to be), object and complement.

The types of sentences in English include: Declarative Sentences,

Interrogative Sentences, Imperative Sentences, and Exclamatory Sentences. While the
types of sentences based on the form of the subject and the predicate can be divided
into three types, namely Simple Sentence, Compound Sentence, and Compound-
Complex Sentence (Solahudin, 2013, p.105). Types of Sentences Based on
Conditions Actually there are three, namely present real conditional, conditional
sentences, and Wish Clause sentences.

Conditional sentence is one of the types of sentences based on actual

conditions. Conditional Sentences are sentences that contain situations that are likely
to occur, may not occur, or will never occur. The conditional sentence structure is
divided into a main clause and a subordinate clause consisting of the word "if"
(Aurner, 2002).

1
 You must have assumed something like "if I meet him, I will introduce
myself" or "if I have money, I will buy shoes". Now that sentence in English is called
Conditional Text or it means presupposition sentence.

Conditional sentences are complex sentences (compound sentences) formed

from subordinate clauses that begin with the subordinate conjunction if in the form of
a conditionand the main clause in the form of result/consequence (result). This
conditional sentence functions to state the possibility of an imaginary situation.

B. Research Problem
1. What is the definition of a conditional sentence?
2. What are the types of conditional sentences?

C. Purpose
1. Knowing the definition of a conditional sentence.
2. Knowing the different types of conditional sentences.

2
 CHAPTER II
CONTENT

A. Definition of Conditional Sentence

Conditional sentences consist of two clauses, namely the dependent clause

(subordinate clause) and the main clause (independent clause) (Lukman Hakim,
2008). In the same vein it is also mentioned, Conditional sentences (subject
sentences) consist of two parts of the sentence, namely the main clause and the sub
clause with if.

Conditional sentences are sentences that express the degree of probability that
something will, might, or could happen/ have happened. Complete conditional
sentences consist of two clauses; the conditional clause (sometimes called the if
clause) and the consequence clause (sometimes called the main clause).

The term Conditional sentences consists of two words which in terms of

etymology each mean as follows:

1. Conditional (adj): conditional, conditional, conditional submission, conditional.

2. Sentence (n): Sentence.

A conditional sentence contains a conditional clause, which is a type of adverbial

clause usually (but not always) introduced by the subordinating conjunction if, as in,
"If I pass this course, I will graduate on time." The main clause in a conditional
sentence often includes the modal will, would, can, or could. A subjunctive
conditional is a conditional sentence in the subjunctive mood, such as, "If he were to
show up here right now, I'd tell him the truth."

Hornby (1993:277) defines conditional sentences are sentence beginning with if

indicating that the truth of the main clause depends on the presence of the condition
in the IF Clause.

3
 Mas‟ud (1987:239) says that in English there are three kinds of the conditional
sentence: Type 1 is called likely condition that is used to revealan event that might
occur if the conditions are met with the characteristics. Type 2 is called unlikely
condition that isused to reveal (declare) that unlikely to be fulfilled, or assume or
simply just maybe it will happen in the future or in the present. Type 3 is called
impossible condition that show to declare an event that is not possible because time
has passed, or just assume (imagine) what may happen in the past (if they occur).

According Alter (1991: 262) There are three types of conditional sentences. They
express: (1) likely conditionals; (2) unlikely present conditionals; (3) impossible past
conditions.

Conditional sentences can be used when dealing with situations such as:

 Declare events that are not real; just as we imagine,

 Reveals events that may occur in the future,
 Indicates events that are unlikely to occur,
 Shows general truths; common habits,
 Telling past events that did not happen as expected, then regrets occur.

B. Types Of Conditional Sentences

There are four different types of conditional sentences in English. Each expresses
a different degree of probability that a situation will occur or would have occurred
under certain circumstances.

1. Zero conditional sentences

2. First conditional sentences
3. Second conditional sentences
4. Third conditional sentences

4
 These different sentence types reflect the level of probability that an event or
situation will occur or could have occurred.

1. Zero conditional sentences

Zero conditional sentences express general truths—situations in which one thing
always causes another. When you use a zero conditional, you’re talking about a
general truth rather than a specific instance of something. We use conditional
sentences to discuss habits, scientific facts, rules, and general truths. When forming
zero conditional sentences, the conditional clause and the consequence clause are
always in the simple present tense. E.g. 'If ice gets hot, it melts' and not 'If ice gets
hot, it will melt'.

Form: If + simple present, simple present

Example 1 : If it rains, I take an umbrella with me to work.

Example 2 : If I wake up early, I always read in bed.

There are a couple of things to take note of in the above sentences using the zero
conditional. First, when using the zero conditional, the correct tense in both clauses is
the simple present tense. A common mistake is to use the simple future tense.

Incorrect : When people smoke cigarettes, their health will suffer.

Second, notice that the words if and when can be used interchangeably in these
zero conditional sentences. This is because the outcome will be the same any time the
condition is in place; there’s no difference in meaning for if and when to
communicate.

2. First conditional sentences

The first conditional is used to discuss a probable occurrence and its possible
consequence. It's used to discuss situations that are realistic and occurring in the

5
present and into the future. We often use the first conditional to make promises,
predictions, and threats.
Form: If + simple present, will + base verb
Example 1 : If I see you later, I will say hello.
Example 2 : If I don’t see you later, I won’t be able to say hello.

Note that we use the simple present tense in the if-clause and the simple future
tense in the main clause—the clause that expresses the likely outcome. This is how
we indicate that under a certain condition (as expressed in the if-clause), a specific
result will likely happen in the future. Examine some of the common mistakes people
make using the first conditional structure:

Incorrect : If you will rest, you will feel better.

Correct : If you rest, you will feel better.

3. Second conditional sentences

The second conditional is used for unreal, improbable, or hypothetical
events/situations, such as winning the lottery or meeting an A-list celebrity at the
corner shop. Second conditionals can be used to discuss any time as they aren't based
on real-life situations.

Form: If + simple past, modal + base verb

Example 1 : If I had a million dollars, I would buy a large vacation home.

Example 2 : If I were you, I wouldn’t wait to study for the test

The condition and the result are not taking place in the past, but the past tense is
used to indicate the unreal nature of the situation.

6
 The conditional clause is in the simple past tense, and the consequence clause is
in the present conditional - this means using a modal auxiliary verb (e.g. would,
could, might) alongside the main verb.

4. Third conditional sentences

Third conditional sentences are used when the event has passed and, therefore, the
consequence can no longer occur. The third conditional uses the past perfect in the if
clause and a modal and present perfect in the result clause.

This form is used to talk about a hypothetical situation in the past that did not
happen – typically with an outcome that did not happen and is perhaps the opposite of
what did happen. We usually use the third conditional to reflect on the past, discuss
events contrary to reality, and express regrets.

Form: If + past perfect, modal + present perfect

Example 1: If it had rained last week, the plants would not have died.

Example 2: If I had finished college, I would have become a doctor.

The conditional clause is now in the past perfect tense (e.g. had told), and the
consequence clause is in the perfect conditional tense. This means the second clause
contains a modal verb + have + a past participle verb (e.g. would have invited).

5. Mixed conditional sentences

Mixed conditionals combine the second and third conditionals to present both an
unreal condition either in the past or the present and an unreal result either in the past
or the present.

7
 The first form presents an unreal condition in the past that changes an unreal
outcome in the present (the past changes the present).

Form 1: If + past perfect, modal + base

Example 1: If I had finished college, I would be a doctor now.

Example 2: If it had rained last week, the plants would be alive now.

The second form presents an unreal condition in the present that changes an
unreal outcome in the past (the present changes the past).

Form 2: If + simple past, would/could + present perfect

Example 1: If I spoke louder, you would have heard me before.

Example 2: If you were nicer, you could have had more friends when you were
younger.

6. Another Function If Clause (conditional sentence)

a. If Clause + Reminder
The if clause can indicate a warning. This conditional sentence is used to
remind about a consequence that must be carried out as a result of an incident.
Form : If + Simple Present, Subject + Have/Has to/Must + V1
Example :
 If he wants to wake up at night, he must sleep early.
 If she wants to be a good singer, she has to practice a lot
 If they make this place dirty, they have to clean it.
 If they want to meet me, they must come before 3 pm

b. If Clause + Sugesstion
This if clause is used to provide a suggestion regarding the action that must be
taken if you want an event to occur. It should be noted, what distinguishes a

8
suggestion from a warning is a must. Suggestions can be done or not (depending
on the level), while warnings must be done because it is a consequence.
Therefore, the suggestion is to use should/ought to/had better.
Form 1: If + Simple Present, S + Should /Had Better/ Ought to + V1
Form 2: If + Simple Present, Why don’t + S + V1
Example :
 If you are able to get married, you should get married soon
 If you don’t wanna get lost, you ought to be with me
 If you don’t want your mom get mad at you, you had better finish that
homework
 If you need to know some cooking menus, why don’t you search it in
internet

c. If Clause + Imperative
This conditional sentence is used to instruct people to take an action.
Form : If + Simple Present, V1 + Object/Adverb
Example :
 If you want to finish your homework, stop playing mobile games now!
 If you want to take a good picture, choose a correct setting for the
camera!
 If you want to win this match, be confident and never surrender!
 If you don’t wanna be late, get ready soon!

d. If Clause + General Truth

Basically, this function is the same as the type 0 function described above. But
type 0 can also be used for habits, whereas this function is just a fact. Besides
that, we can use the simple future for the main clause.
Form 1 : If + Simple Present, Simple Future

9
 From 2 : If + Simple Present, Simple Present
Example :
 If you heat water until 100 degrees of celcius, it will boil.
 If Mrs. Smith add more some Photos on her wall, it will be more
artistic
 If my mother is cursing, it means that she is very angry
 If someone does not drink water after exercising, he/she gets
dehydrated

e. If Clause + Dream
The formula for this function is the same as the type 1 formula, but the
function is quite different. This conditional sentence is used to indicate something
more specific, namely our dreams or goals if something happens.
Form : If + Simple Present, Simple Future
Example :
 If I have 1 billion rupiahs, I will build a hotel
 If I have a lot of money, I will build a big house
 If I get the scholarship, I will treat you all
 If I am elected president, I will build some apartments for all poor
people in this country.

10
 CHAPTER III
CONCLUSION

A. Conclusion
Conditionl sentence as one of the words spoken) in the order of English
( grammar) is one of the many things that should be known in learning English.
Conditional sentence type 0 Used when the result of the consequence is a
fact/general truth. Type 1 Make planning in present time and can be real in present.
Type 2 Make planning in past time and can't be real in present. Type 3 make
planning in past time and couldn't be real in past.

B. Suggestion

We realize that the paper we have compiled is still far from being perfect word.
Therefore, we expect criticism as well supportive suggestions for getting better.

11
 REFERENCES

A.S., Hornby; Pamwcll E.C & Siswoyo. 1993. Kamus Inggris-Indonesia. Jakarta:
Indira.

Aurner, Robert R. 2002. Effective Business English. New York: South Western
Publishing Compani.

Farlex International. 2016. The Farlex grammar book: Complete English

grammar rules.

Hakim, Lukman 2008, Info Lengkap Waralaba, cetakan 1, Yogyakarta: (Med

Press), hal. 14.

Hartanto John S, Koentjoro S dan Seputro Manaf Asmoro. 2009. Accurat, Brief And
Clear English Grammar. Surabaya : Indah Surabaya.

Mas’ud, F. (1987:239). Survai Diagnosis Organisasional: Konsep dan Aplikasi.

Semarang: Unversitas Diponegoro.

12