climate change describes global warming—the ongoing increase in global average

temperature—and its effects on Earth's climate system. Climate change in a broader

sense also includes previous long-term changes to Earth's climate. The current rise in
global average temperature is more rapid than previous changes, and is primarily caused by
humans burning fossil fuels.[3][4] Fossil fuel use, deforestation, and
some agricultural and industrial practices add to greenhouse gases, notably carbon
dioxide and methane.[5] Greenhouse gases absorb some of the heat that the
Earth radiates after it warms from sunlight. Larger amounts of these gases trap more heat in
Earth's lower atmosphere, causing global warming.

Surface air temperature change over the past 50

years.[1] Change in average surface air temperature

since the Industrial Revolution, plus drivers for that change. Human activity has caused increased
temperatures, with natural forces adding some variability.[2]

Climate change has an increasing impact on the environment. Deserts are expanding,
while heat waves and wildfires are becoming more common.[6] Amplified warming in the
Arctic has contributed to melting permafrost, glacial retreat and sea ice loss.[7][8] Higher
temperatures are also causing more intense storms, droughts, and other weather extremes.
[9] Rapid environmental change in mountains, coral reefs, and the Arctic is forcing many
species to relocate or become extinct.[10] Even if efforts to minimise future warming are
successful, some effects will continue for centuries. These include ocean heating, ocean
acidification and sea level rise.[11]