called trigonometric ratios of the angle, i i it gles, Ratios of the sides of a right triangle with respect to its acute angles, x oe ta Example, trigonometric ratios of the angle A in right triangle ABC are defined as sin A, cos A, tan A, cosec A, sec A and cot A. OBJECTIVE To find trigonometric ratios for 30°, 45° and 60° DESCRIPTION (i) To find t-ratios for 30°, 45° and 60°, Draw an equilateral triangle as shown below. Fig. 3.1 Here, AB = BC= AC =2a. (ii) Draw AD 1 BC. Then, BD = DC =a. In right triangle ADB, using Pythagoras Theorem, AD? = AB? - Bp? = AD? = (2a)? - (a)? = 4a? - 2 = AD? = 3a? = AD = 3a? = 3a 3 CEREMEM Geen ess(ii) T-ratios for 30° In right-angled triangle ADB, ADB = 90° and ZABD = 60° ZBAD = 180° (90° + 60°) = 30° For 5 0°, we have Hypotenuse = AB = 2a Base= AD= 3 a Perpendicular = BD =a sin 30° = Perpendicular _ BD Hypotenuse AB Base Hypotenuse —3a _ VB 2a 2 Perpendicular _ BD Base AD ovat aly “Ba 8 Hypotenuse Perpendicular _2a “a AD 108 30° = AD “ AB tan 30° = cosec 30° = (iv) T-ratios for 60° In right-angled triangle ADB, SETAE 77.Perpendicular = AD = V3 a Hypotenuse = AB = 2a Perpendicular _ AD Sin 60" = “Typotenuse AB 3 2 cos 60? = _Base__ = BP Hypotenuse AB eae da 2 tango = Perpendicular _ AD Base BD Hypotenuse _ AB sec 60° = Base BD cotge Bae BD Perpendicular AD (vy) T-Ratios for 45° : 78 Guided Mathemat esTake a right-angled triangle ABC such that 2B =90°, ZC =45° oe 4A =90°-45° = 45° Let AB=a : : BC=a Intt, AABC, using Pythagoras theorem, we have Ac= VAB? + BC? = ya? +a? =V2q? =a sin 450 = BC ao ¥ cos 45° k 7 tan 45° 56 7 cowed = AC sxe se = AC = cot 45° = AB = 2 aga rz) TEEPETo study the distance between different points of a geometrical figure when it is displaced and rotated. fen We recall that the distance between the two given points P(x), y1)and Q(x2, yz) is given by d=Ye-1 + 02-1)? Py) Fig. 13.1 SEs) trv Vea UN 1. Take a large graph paper and mark the two coordinate axes as shown in Fig. 13.1, 2. Draw a triangle of sides say 3 em, 4 em and 5 em on the cardboard and cut it out. 3. Place the triangle in different positions i. by displacing it and rotating it as shown in Fig. 13.2, 4. Note the coordinate of triangle 4;B;C; in each case (Fig. 13.2) where f= 1,2,3,4. 5. Verify by using distance formula that is each case A; By =30m. SEEMS ess cE —Ey B,C, =Som. C; 4, =4em. 6. Also find the coordinates of centroid in each case and verify that the centroid divides the radians in the ray 2:1. Fig. 13.2 Note : A slight difference may occur for A 44B4C4 due to observational errors. o00 Guided Mathematics Practical Wo!