Introduction to

Arduino
Arduino Hardware
❖ Arduino has over the years released over 100 hardware products: boards, shields, carriers, kits
and other accessories.
❖ An overview of all active Arduino hardware includes
✓ Nano families,
✓ MKR families and
✓ Classic families.

Arduino Nano 33 IoT Arduino Nano ESP32

Arduino MKR Zero Arduino MKR WiFi 1010 Arduino MKR GSM 1400

https://www.arduino.cc/en/hardware 2
Classic families (Boards)

Arduino UNO R4 Minima Arduino UNO R4 WiFi

3
Arduino UNO R3
Classic families (Boards)

ZERO
LEONARDO UNO WIFI Rev2
Classic families (Shields)

4
Arduino Motor Shield Rev3 Arduino Ethernet Shield Rev2 Arduino 4 Relay Shield
Mega families (Boards)

Arduino Due Arduino Mega 2560 Rev3

Arduino GIGA R1 WiFi

5
Arduino UNO

6
AVR Architecture (ATmega328 Microcontroller)

7
Memory (ATmega328 Microcontroller)

8
 ARDUINO UNO R3

9
 ARDUINO UNO R3

10
 ARDUINO UNO R3

11
 Basics of Arduino PWM (Pulse Width Modulation)
➢ Pulse Width Modulation or PWM, is a technique to generate an analog like signal
within a digital pin.
➢ Arduino digital pins generally use a square wave to control things. So it has
only two states, high (5 V on Uno, 3.3 V on an MKR board) and low (0 volts).
➢ analogWrite() works on a scale of 0 – 255.
➢ That means we can have 256 different voltages
from 0v to 5v.
➢ The difference between each step would be 5v/255
= 0.0196v.
➢ So we can have voltages like 0v, 0.0196v,
0.0392v, ….,5v.

✓ analogWrite(0) gives a signal of 0% duty cycle i.e

0v output.
✓ analogWrite(50) gives a signal of ~20% duty cycle
i.e 1v output.
✓ analogWrite(63) gives a signal of 25% duty cycle
i.e 1.25v output.
✓ analogWrite(127) gives a signal of 50% duty cycle
i.e 2.5v output.
12
 Arduino PWM – LED Brightness Control
const int ledPin = 6;
void setup() {
// initialize ledPin (pin 6) as an output.
pinMode(ledPin, OUTPUT);
}

// the loop function runs over and over again forever

void loop() {
for (int brightness = 0; brightness < 255; brightness++)
{
analogWrite(ledPin, brightness);
delay(2);
}
for (int brightness = 255; brightness >= 0; brightness--)
{
analogWrite(ledPin, brightness);
delay(2);
}
}

13
 Arduino Software Installation

https://www.arduino.cc/en/software 14
 Arduino Language
Structure
void setup() {
// put your setup code here, to run once:
}

void loop() {
// put your main code here, to run repeatedly:
}

/* Blink.ino */
// the setup function runs once when you press reset or power the board
void setup() {
// initialize digital pin LED_BUILTIN as an output.
pinMode(LED_BUILTIN, OUTPUT);
}
// the loop function runs over and over again forever
void loop() {
digitalWrite(LED_BUILTIN, HIGH); // turn the LED on (HIGH is the voltage level)
delay(1000); // wait for a second
digitalWrite(LED_BUILTIN, LOW); // turn the LED off by making the voltage LOW
delay(1000); // wait for a second
}
15
Arduino Lab for MicroPython

16
MicroPython
THANK YOU