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Original Article TRADITIONALLY USING ANTIDIABETIC MEDICINAL PLANTS

IN TAMIL NADU

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International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical and Biosciences

Universal Research Publications. All rights reserved

Original Article

TRADITIONALLY USING ANTIDIABETIC MEDICINAL PLANTS IN

TAMIL NADU.
B.JAYAPRASAD, D.THAMAYANDHI and P.S.SHARAVANAN*
Department of Botany, Annamalai University
Chidamabaram, Tamil Nadu, INDIA
E-mail id- drpssharavanan@yahoo.co.in
Mobile No- 9443939852
Received 25 March 2011; accepted 06 April 2011
Abstract
Herbal medicine is gaining popularity both in developing and developed countries because of their natural origin. The
herbal drugs with antidiabetic activity are yet to be commercially formulated as modern medicines, even though they have
been acclaimed for their therapeutic properties in the traditional systems of medicine. The present article gives a brief idea
about diabetes mellitus and its treatment by using herbal remedies. A survey have been done in various place of Tamilnadu
and communicated with the traditional healers, Siddha and Ayurvedha doctors, regarding the herbs that control diabetes.
List of those medicinal plants and their common name, botanical name, family and various uses has been discussed in this
article. This article may help the forth coming researcher’s work in diabetes.
© 2011 Universal Research Publications. All rights reserved
Key words: Antidiabetic, Medicinal plants, Traditional healers, Diabetes and its types.

Introduction: human population rely on traditional systems of medicine

In the last few years there has been an exponential growth
in the field of herbal medicine and these drugs are gaining
popularity both in developing and developed countries
because of their natural origin. Many traditional medicines
in use are derived from medicinal plants, minerals and
organic matter (7). Number of medicinal plants,
traditionally used for over 1000 years named rasayana are
present in herbal preparations of Indian traditional health
care systems (16). In Indian systems of medicine most
practitioners formulate and dispense their own recipes (17).
The World Health Organization (WHO) has listed 21,000
plants, which are used for medicinal purposes around the
World. Among these 2,500 species are in India, out of
which 150 species are used commercially on a fairly large
scale. India is the largest producer of medicinal herbs and is
called as Botanical garden of the World (17 a). Ayurvedha
and other Indian literature mention the use of plants in
treatment of various human ailments. India has about
45,000 plant species and among them, several thousands
have been claimed to possess medicinal properties.
Research conducted in last few decades on plants
mentioned in ancient literature are used traditionally for
diabetes has shown anti-diabetic property. It is estimated by
World Health Organization (WHO) that at least 80% of
International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical and Biosciences 2012, 2(1) 1-8
1
for their primary health needs and these systems are largely
medicinal plant based. The rich Indian plant wealth has
made a good contribution to the development of ancient
Materia Medica (11). Today traditional societies
throughout the World possesses a wealth of indigenous
knowledge which they have accumulated during prolonged
interactions with the nature, which remains fundamental to
their physical, spiritual and social well being (2). Ethno
botanists, throughout the World are busy to collect,
document and conserve the indigenous medicinal plants. In
the last two decades, many reports on medicinal plants used
to cure different common as well as severe diseases have
been published from the various states of India (1).
Diabetes:
Diabetes is a chronic disorder of carbohydrate, fat and
protein metabolism characterized by increased fasting and
post prandial blood sugar levels. The global prevalence of
diabetes is estimated to increase from 4% in 1995 to 5.4%
by the year 2025. WHO has predicted that the major burden
will occur in developing countries. Studies conducted in
India in the last decade have highlighted that not only the
prevalence of diabetes high but also that it is increasing
rapidly in the urban population (15). It is estimated that
there are approximately 33 million adults with diabetes in
India. This number is likely to increase to 57.2 million by
the year 2025. Diabetes mellitus is a complex metabolic
disorder resulting from either insulin insufficiency or
insulin dysfunction. Most of the food we eat is broken
down into simple sugar called glucose. This glucose is the
main source of fuel to get energy for the body. After
digestion the glucose reaches our blood stream where it is
available for body cells to utilize for energy. But insulin is
needed for the glucose to get into the cells. Insulin is a
hormone secreted by the pancreas. It is the duty of the
pancreas to secrete the adequate amount of insulin, to
transport glucose from blood into different cells of the
body. If the said pancreas does not produce enough insulin
or the produced insulin does not work properly, the glucose
cannot get into the body cells. So glucose stays in the
blood. This makes blood sugar level become high causing
diabetes. Diabetes is a chronic disorder of metabolism in
which a person has high blood sugar, either because the
body does not produce enough insulin, or because cells do
not respond to the insulin that is produced. This high blood
sugar produces the classical symptoms
of polyuria (frequent urination), polydipsia (increased
thirst) and polyphagia (increased hunger).
Types of Diabetes:
Type 1 diabetes is sometimes called Insulin-Dependent
Diabetes Mellitus (IDDM), immune-mediated or juvenile-
onset diabetes. It is caused by an auto-immune reaction
where the body’s defense system attacks the insulin-
producing cells. This disease can affect people of any age,
but usually occurs in children or young adults. People with
this form of diabetes need injections of insulin every day in
order to control the levels of glucose in their blood.
Type 2 diabetes is sometimes called Non-Insulin
Dependent Diabetes Mellitus (NIDDM) or adult-onset
diabetes, and accounts for at least 90% of all cases of
diabetes. It is characterized by insulin resistance and
relative insulin deficiency, either of which may be present
at the time that diabetes becomes clinically manifest. The
diagnosis of type 2 diabetes usually occurs after the age of
40 but can occur earlier, especially in populations with high
diabetes prevalence. It is characterized by insulin resistance
and impaired beta cell function.
Gestational diabetes (GDM) is a form of diabetes
consisting of high blood glucose levels during pregnancy. It
develops in one among 25 pregnancies worldwide and is
associated with complications in the period immediately
before and after birth. GDM usually disappears after
pregnancy but women with GDM and their offspring are at
an increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes later in life.
Approximately half of women with a history of GDM go
on to develop type 2 diabetes within five to ten years after
delivery.
Herbs for diabetes treatment are not new. Since ancient
times, plants and plant extracts were used to combat
diabetes. Though pathophysiology of diabetes remains to
be fully understood, experimental evidences suggest the
involvement of free radicals in the pathogenesis of diabetes
(10) and more importantly in the development of diabetic
complications (9). Free radicals are capable of damaging
cellular molecules, DNA, proteins and lipids leading to
International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical and Biosciences 2012, 2(1) 1-8
2
altered cellular functions. Many recent studies reveal that
antioxidants capable of neutralizing free radicals are
effective in preventing experimentally induced diabetes in
animal models (12) as well as reducing the severity of
diabetic complications. For the development of diabetic
complications, the abnormalities produced in lipids and
proteins are the major etiologic factors. In diabetic patients,
extra-cellular and long lived proteins, such as elastin,
laminin, and collagen are the major targets of free radicals.
These proteins are modified to form glycoproteins due to
hyperglycemia. The modification of these proteins present
in tissues such as lens, vascular wall and basement
membranes are associated with the development of
complications of diabetes such as cataracts,
microangiopathy, atherosclerosis and nephropathy (8).
During diabetes, lipoproteins are oxidized by free radicals.
There are also multiple abnormalities of lipoprotein
metabolism in very low density lipoprotein (VLDL),low
density lipoprotein (LDL), and high density lipoprotein
(HDL) in diabetes. Lipid peroxidation is enhanced due to
increased oxidative stress in diabetic condition. Apart from
this, advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are formed
by non-enzymatic glycosylation of proteins. AGEs tend to
accumulate on long-lived molecules in tissues and generate
abnormalities in cell and tissue functions (6). In addition,
AGEs also contribute to increased vascular permeability in
both micro and macrovascular structures by binding to
specific macrophage receptors. This results in formation of
free radicals and endothelial dysfunction. AGEs are also
formed on nucleic acids and histones and may cause
mutations and altered gene expression. As diabetes is a
multifactorial disease leading to several complications, and
therefore demands a multiple therapeutic approach. Patients
of diabetes either do not make enough insulin or their cells
do not respond to insulin. In case of total lack of insulin,
patients are given insulin injections. Whereas in case of
those where cells do not respond to insulin many different
drugs are developed taking into consideration possible
disturbances in carbohydrate-metabolism. Although several
therapies are in use for treatment, there are certain
limitations due to high cost and side effects such as
development of hypoglycemia, weight gain, gastrointestinal
disturbances, liver toxicity etc (5). Based on recent
advances and involvement of oxidative stress in
complicating diabetes mellitus, efforts are on to find
suitable antidiabetic and antioxidant therapy. Medicinal
plants are being looked up once again for the treatment of
diabetes. To date, over 400 traditional plant treatments for
diabetes have been reported, although only a small number
of these have received scientific and medical evaluation to
assess their efficacy. The hypoglycemic effect of some
herbal extracts has been confirmed in human and animal
models of type 2 diabetes. The World Health Organization
Expert Committee on diabetes has recommended that
traditional medicinal herbs be further investigated. A
survey have been done in various place of tamilnadu and
communicated with the traditional healers, Siddha and
Ayurvedha doctors, regarding the herbs that control
diabetes. List of those medicinal plants are given in this
article.
Materials and method
In this article we have collected information from traditional healers, Siddha and Ayurvedha doctors all over Tamil nadu
regarding herbs that can control diabetes. List of those plants with their various therapeutic activity have been given below.

Vernacular Extracts of the Local and therapeutic

S.no Botanical name Family
name plant parts used uses
Uterine tonic,
Emmenagogue,
1. Devil’s cotton Abroma augusta Stericulaceae Young fruit
Urinary trouble and
Bronchitis.
Cough and
2. Thuthi Abutilon indicum Malvaceae Seeds
Fever.
Astringent,
3. Velvellam Acacia leucophloea Mimosaceae Resin Cough and
Inflammation.
Kidney stone,
Piles,
4. Nauruvi Achyranthus aspera Amaranthaceae Root Haemorrhagia,
Diuretic and
Snake bite.
Diaphoretic,
5. Aanaipuli Actinodaphne hookeri Amaranthaceae Leaf Antipyretic and
Dysentry.
Asthma,
Antibiotic,
6. Mayil kondai Adiantum incisum Adiantaceae Whole plant
Spasmogenic and
Skin disease.
7. Malati Aganosma calycina Apocynaceae Whole plant Bile disorder.
Leaves,
8. Konda vagai Albizia procera Mimosaceae Liver disorder.
Flower and Pod.
Anti-inflammatory,
Anticancer,
10. Garlic Allium sativum Lilliaceae Bulb
Rheumatism and
Bronchitis.
Hypoglycemic and
11. Indian alder Alnus nepalensis Betulaceae Stem bark
Spasmogenic.
Anti malarial,
Antirheumatic,
12. Onion Allium cepa Lilliaceae Bulb Antibacterial,
Appetizer and
Night blindness.
Skin disease,
13. Sitharathai Alpinia calcarata Zingiberaceae Root Rheumatism and
Bronchitis.
Antifungal,
14. Periya elakkai Amomum subulatum Zingiberaceae Rhizome Stimulant and
Purgative.
Diuretic and
15. Gopuramthangi Andrographis echioides Acanthaceae Whole plant
Jaundice.
Anthocephalus Dyspepsia and
16. Vellaikadamba Rubiaceae Stem bark
chinensis Anthelmentic.
Chikenguinea,
Andrographis
17. Nilavembu Acanthaceae Leaf and seed Swine flu and
paniculata
Typhoid.
18. Thalaisuruli Aristolochia indica Aristolochiaceae Leaf Liver disorder.
Tranquilizer,
19. Niirbrahmi Bacopa monnieri Scrophulariaceae Whole plant Muscular relaxant,
Antispasmodic,

International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical and Biosciences 2012, 2(1) 1-8

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 Spasmogenic and
Anticancer.
Anticancer and
20. Calcutta cane Bambusa nutans Poaceae Whole plant
Hypoglycemic.
Anaemic,
Cough,
21. Janti Barleria cristata Acanthaceae Whole plant
Inflammations and
Spasmogenic.
Cholera,
Tooth ache,
22 Hinjor Barrington acutangula Lecythidaceae Root
Liver trouble and
Antiprotozoal.
Insecticide,
23. Kadalthengai Barringtonia racemosa Barringtoniaceae Seed Antimalarial and
Antidote.
Eye complaint,
24. Indian Barberry Berberis aristata Berberidaceae Root Bile disorder and
Anticancer.
Antibacterial,
25. Jhallapustipa Biophytum sensitivum Oxalidaceae Leaf Rheumatism and
Ant excitement.
Insecticide,
Boenninghausenia
26. Pissumar Rutaceae Whole plant Antibacterial and
albiflora
Spasmogenic.
Epilepsy,
Leucoderma and
27. Kungli Boswellia serrata Burseraceae Stem and root
Snake bite.

Astringent,
28. Kottargovai Casearia zeylanica Samydaceae Root
Cathartic and Piles.
Astringent,
Skin disease,
29. Avaram Cassia auriculata Caesalpiniaceae Seed
Anthelmentic and
Opthalmia.
Purgative,
Skin disease,
30. Konnei Cassia fistula Caesalpiniaceae Stem bark Antiviral,
Anticancer and
Antifungal.
Diabetes and
31. Sarakonrai Cassia fistula Caeslpinaceae Bark
Liver disorder.
Hypotensive,
Cardiospermum Spasmolytic,
32 Mudakathan Sapindaceae Leaf
halicabium Depressant and
Antibacterial.
Purgative,
33.
Ponaavarai Cassia siameae Caesalpiniaceae Tender leaves Intestinal worms and
Anticonvulsant.
Leaves and
34. Nithyakalyani Catharanthus roseus Apocynaceae Anticancer.
flower
Anticancer,
35. Devadaru Cedrus deodara Pinaceae Bark Astringent and
Diarrhea.
Purgative and
36. Carab tree Ceratonia siliqua Caesalpiniaceae Pods
Astringent.
Skin disease,
37. Kovai Coccinia grandis Cucurbitaceaae Fruit and leaf Fever and
Asthma.
38. Maramaneal Coscinium fenestratum Menispermaceae Stem Anti inflammatory,
International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical and Biosciences 2012, 2(1) 1-8
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 Anodyne and
Ophthalmic.
Antilithic,
Root leaves
39. Mavilangam Cretaeva nurvala Capparaceae Anti-inflammatory and
Bark flowers
Antiseptic.
40. Kilu killupai Crotalaria retusa Fabaceae Aerial parts. Skin disease.
Nillapanaikilang
41. Curculigo orchiodes Hypoxidaceae Rhizome Gastric Problem.
u
Carminative,
42. Jeeragam Cuminum cyminum Apiaceae Seeds Digestive and
Appetizer.
43. Mull Vellarikai Cucumis sativus Cucurbitaceae Fruit Whooping cough.
Filarial,
44. Nilapani Curculigo orchiodes Hypoxdaceae Whole plant Venereal disease and
Anticancer.
Gastric ulcer,
Bleeding,
Convulsion,
45. Arugampull Cynodon dacytylon Poaceae Grass
Diuretic,
Skin disease and
Asthma.
Improves nutrition and
46. Karungalli Diospyras ebenum Ebenaceae Leaf
Appetizer.
47. Punnukilangu Dioscorea bulbifera Dioscoreaceae Aerial Parts Antifungal.
48. Kavalakodi Dioscorea oppositifolia Dioscoreaceae Whole plant Skin disease.
Skin disease and
49. Karisilangani Eclipta alba Asteraceae Leaves and root
Eye problem.
50. Nellikai Emblica officinalis Euphorbiaceae Fruits Blood Purifier.
Enecostema
51. Vellarugu Gentianaceae Leaf and seeds Antioxidant.
hyssopitolium
52.. Maavilangam Eretaeva nurvala Capparaceae Root Skin disease.
Pain killer,
53. Lavangam Eugenia aromatic Bark Carminative and
Anthelmentic.
Sores ,
Leprosy,
54. Thillai chedi Excoecaria agallocha Euphorbiaceae Root Anticancer,
Antibacterial and
Antiviral.
Leaf, root and
55. Aalamaram Ficus benghalensis Moraceae Tooth aches.
bark
Stomach disorder and
56. Vendhayam Foeniculum vulgare Apiaceae Seeds
Cooling agent.
Diabetes and
57. Sarkarai kolli Gymnema sylvestre Asclepiadaceae Leaves
Liver disorder.
Hair growth and
58. Sembaruthi Hibiscus rosa sinensis Malvaceae Flower
Increase memory.
Anthelmentic,
59. Kudasapalai Holarrhena pubscens Apocynaceae Seed Diarrhea and
Skin disease.
60. Dharbai pull Imperata cylindrical Poaceae Stem and Roots Cooling agent.
61. Pushkaramulam Inula racemosa Asteraceae Roots Skin disease.
Sarkaravalikilang
62. Ipomoea batatas Convolvulaceae Roots and tubers Food supplement.
u
Anticholesterolemic and
63. Avarakai Lablab purpureus Fabaceae Seeds
Antidote.
Anticancer,
64. Odhiya maram Lannea coromandelica Anacardiaceae Bark
Narcotic,

International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical and Biosciences 2012, 2(1) 1-8

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 Dyspepsia and
Gout.
65. Aarakeerai Marsilia quadrifilia Myrsiliaceae Leaves Food supplement.
Stimulant,
Insecticide,
66. Vembu Melia azadiracta Meliaceae Leaves
Leprosy and
Antibacterial.
Antidepressant and
67.. Thotachurungi Mimosa pudica Mimosaceae Leaf and stem
Skin disease.
Hair growth and
68. Karuvepilai Murraya koenigii Rutaceae Leaf and Bark
Skin disease.
Parkinson’s disease,
69. Puunaikaalli Mucena pruriens Fabaceae Leaves Stimulates growth and
hormone.
Skin disease,
70. Sadhipathiri Myristica fragrans Myristicaceae Seeds Aphrodisiac and
Rheumatism.
71. Jadhipathiri Myristica fragrsans Myristicaceae Root Antioxidant.
Body pain,
72. Mahavilvam Naringi crenulata Rutaceae Leaf Colic and
Dysentery.
Abdominal cramps and
73. Venthamarai Nelumbium album Nelumbonceae Flower and leaf
Bloody discharge.
74. Pugayilai Nicotiana tobacum Solanaceae Leaf Anesthetic.
Cough ,
75. Thulasi Ocimum sanctum Lamiaceae Leaves Cold and
Fever.
Mosquito repellent
76. Nayi thulasi Ocimum americanum Lamiaceae Leaves
and Antibacterial.
Elumicham
77. Ocimum gratissimum Lamiaceae Leaves Flavour.
thulasi
Analgesic,
78. Kasakasa Papaver somniferum Papaveraceae Bark Anodyne and
Antitussive.
79. Peramutti Pavonia colorata Malvaceae Root Apetizer.
80. Keezhanelli Phyllanthus amarus Euphorbiaceae Root and seeds Jaundice.
81. Devadaru Pinus roxburghii Pinaceae Leaf Stomach disorder.
Stomach ache and
82. Thipilli Piper longum Piperaceae Rhizome
Bronchitis.
Expectorant and
83. Siriyanangai Polygala chinensis Polygalaceae Leaf
Stimulant.
Leaf and fruit Blood purifier and
84. Madhulai Punica granatum Puniceae
husk Skin infection.
Wound and
85. Maasikai Quercus infectoria Fabaceae Seed husk
Anti-inflammatory.
Rheumatism,
86. Kadal alinjil Salacia chinensis Hippocrateaceae Leaf Gonorrhea and
Skin disease.
Cold fever,
Enteritis,
87. Sarkaraivembu Scoparia dutcis Scophularaceae Leaf
Beriberi and
Edema.
Antimicrobial,
Stereospermum
88. Paadhiri Bignoniaceae Root Antipyretic and
personatum
Ear problem.
89. Thetrankottai Strychnos potatotum Strchnaceae Seeds Increases body weight.
Food supplement
90. Naval Syzigium cumini Myrtaceae Seed and leaves
and Appetizer.

International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical and Biosciences 2012, 2(1) 1-8

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 91. Thalisapathiri Taxus baccata Taxaceae seeds Cardiac remedy
92. Marudha maram Terminalia arjuna Combretaceae Bark Skin disease
93. Thandrikai Terminali bellnica Combretaceae Fruits Apetizer
Antitumor,
94. Erumaikainjori Tragia plukeneteii Euphorbiaceae Root Antioxidant and
Anticancer.
95. Sirunerungil Tribulus terrestris Zygophyllaceae Seed Skin infection
96. Sittirappadalai Uraria picta Fabaceae Whole Plant Antibacterial
97. Pulichan Uvaria narum Annonaceae Aerial Parts Stomach disorder
98. Pineymaram Vateria indica Dipetrocarpaceae Aerial Parts Skin disease
99. Ulundhu Vigna mungo Fabaceae Seeds Food supplement
100. Pasi payiru Vigna radiate Fabaceae Seeds Food supplement
101. Niirnochii Vitex trifolia Verbenaceae Aerial Parts Cooling agent
102. Amukran Withania somnifera Solanaceae Whole plant Male infertility
Roots
103. Maruloomathum Xanthium strumarium Asteraceae Antispasmodic
Seeds
104. Makka solam Zea mays Poaceae Styles Food supplement
Apetizer and
Inji Zingiber officinale Zingiberaceae Rhizome
Stomach disorder.
105. Ellandai Ziziphus mauritiana Rhamnaceae Leaves Blood purifier

RESULTS therapeutic efficacy of the product and also to standardize

All together, 105 plants belonging to 64 different families
have been documented for their Antidiabetic properties and
their other medicinal uses have been given. The collected
information’s are arranged in the alphabetic order of the
plant Botanical name with the local (or) common name,
family name and therapeutic use for each plant. Some of
these plants have been already mentioned in “Medicinal
plants in India (vol-1) (3), Dictionary of medicinal plants
(4), Poorvega maruthuva nool kalanjiyam (13) and
Antidiabetic medicinal plants of India” (14).
DISCUSSION
Among the plants used for the diabetes, Gymnema sylvestre
(Retz et al.,) Melia azadiracta (L.) Bacopa monnieri (L.)
and Achyranthus aspera (L.), seems to be most common
plants used to treat diabetes and are available everywhere.
Along with these Tragia plukenetii, Polygala chinensis and
Scoparia dulcis are the major traditional drugs used for
treating this disease. The detailed natural plants not only
used for the treatment of diabetes but also treated for other
ailments also.
The claims from the present survey need to be
subjected to phyto chemical studies in order to discover
their true potential, as it is very difficult to judge the
effectiveness of herbal medicine. The main purpose is not
to prescribe any remedies for any of the diseases but to
document the uses and draw the attention of
pharmacognosist, botanist, phytochemist and
pharmacologist for further scientific research in this area.
CONCLUSION
Thus many different plants have been used individually or
in formulations for treatment of diabetes and its
complications. One of the major problems with this herbal
formulation is that the active ingredients are not well
defined. It is important to know the active component and
their molecular interaction, which will help to analyze
the product. Efforts are now being made to investigate
mechanism of action of some of these plants using animal
models.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT:
I wish to express my sincere gratitude to
Dr.R.Panneerselvam, Professor and Head Department of
the Botany of Annamalai University for encouraging me in
research work. My hearty thanks to my research supervisor
Dr.P.S.Sharavanan Assistant Professor in Department of
Botany Annamalai University for his marvelous guidance
and constant encouragement. My deep thanks to
Dr.Pulavar Vinayagam, Dr.B.Jayagowri BAMS and
Dr.Loganathan Ph.D, for timely help. I wish to express my
profound appreciation and sincere thanks to Mrs. Jayanthi
Balasubramanian, Mr. Chander, Mr.Ramakrishnan and all
the traditional healers who gave us these data’s. I extend
my thanks to Mr.Tamilkalaivendan, Mr. M.Balakrishnan
and S.Sabarinathan for their continues support.
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