Unit Cseillatos

Jeed back Amp li7iens and

:

we
hawe two
At. unput
which ed back to the
output
and pant o tha be ui phee
thee aignah may
Both o7output
ainput
oB phau
When input aignal andCalledpantpostive
phau ) the eodback #
signal ,when
hesRand
feed back. On the o
the fedkask caud hugative fedback
Out yesuts in oseillations,
posiive edback
luu of e d in armplitfens.
and Rene not
tis
ampei ; kaud
baud on the
broad eathg*ni
Foun
iput output ainpadanuo j
magnitudeo puopo honaD to
Suis

) Voitag ampaifien wpuk paoponhonad to T. shl

2) wunt

went paporhined
1rnyeonduetomu
to

4) TAans es istome
output Votey Volt shl
to. en put
 eiuit o
VoHage Ampliien equivalant
thevenn
shows

RO
ampaijier
Rs
Vo
RL

e R lag
wrputvsintom
Vo
ther
ampliies resistome RS

the compa
tompaned
with
load uitton e RL Lage
Qcternal
7eis torne Ro o the airplitien,
with fhe
output uch amplifiu
than
Vo n AY
puoporhional to

provices VoHage oatput factor does not depond

qnd the poportionlity and load seistones -
the
+he mgntudo Callod Votg ompefin
Hene
ampefieo intinia put
uut hawe
An idoal
Veitng practical
and
output Tuistome Ro.
Teitone RiS Rs and RLRo.
ust fawe
VoHtage ampeiien We

Cuent ampei7ien
To -TL
+

AiA
Ro Vo
 Nortors quivalant eçei ut o a,
shows
nput reuiatma
ampafien 1f
I ampliti
output Tulcbma Ro0
auent

, then IiT: " 1i amplikien euunt

R(>0 Buch amplitiu puoridesand, a

then eent the

to te' (oad
utput popoviona soua and
f
tndapendan euent ampaitjies:
paoporhionality factor ealad
ruistomtes Ths ampafiu must howe Zeuo
ampaier
An deal euent
G octpeut ref Ro

Ri and ainpini' must have

RikR
eent ampliien.
for prachual
Ro > RL.
and
Trans eonductomce
amplifien:
Ampaifies eutoi
To=TL

RO

and Norfors
einpiti
Lquialant e io it
Thevenins
eeuivalant
output
papovtionial to fhe indapendont
output
ement propootionoliyactor
Qnd (oad reiistances.
an the
qnd the AOwece
Votteg infinitt i put
nut,fhave
Tdeally thm ampaifie ryistmce Ro.
uofinitt output
R and
quistome
 cieucts. Oxerllator n ted
eattol
dat dit Er) inghau
each wifh
båck fed ()
tofal (t md'gna a)
ignet output baek feed Positive
back:
RS
2RL
Vo
+
and
ampitien transresistome RL(< Ro
Ri<KR have must We
Dutput qnd
Dractfcal för sesfetornu
Ro
Talty
fen ampi thrin
haue mut
dentindepen
tome Qoad and KOUNe the nput the
factopostienality pra
the And ewent
popoahon
-to al output an tien ampe tm
éHage Yo
equiaient thevenin a
and Tnciiteieut inpet equivatnt Norons
amplities: rulstone Tram
RL>> Ro and
Rs> RI
ampliien prachca For
have we. conductoma frans
 |TiangmionB
6
Revense Network
back Fesd
6oie
gnat
A| ga
netooti
Samplig trante Hixes
ToTL'
ampaigien the to un
fhrog the with
andretwork
anpu the At
xen mì back feed the
eombined
port back
netwo two'
shoun PP and etwort
thrggh put win the to Vottag
samplisutabte meanD
ent
2ach
sampl fhele amplitienone
outp Can fypes
the the .qnd
deal dech'Ion prevlous
ehanactustie.
h
basic fou seen have e0nupt:we back. Ted
ampigien
h'degersa
ve
or)
bae ead invense Thn
o
fotal the fed
tkba (0
eut
of 190
wi5 phau back fead Negative
 60
fachr bask Jead
ratisfedbaet a
input to
Mgrad
retwotk
sthe ofpovion tedued prorides 2+
bask ed oatpu
n. eontjj imP w, itoffen Host
Tustive
uyts istoscapau
to o its eons
Ketwos
Rietwok back fead
gamplig
node 0r
luunt
o bT
NetworkB
fedbackthetwott back Head
aimplifien
amplifien A
Basic Basic
To
hoda
(a) outpu the auos shut retwork
dn,shown s Vottg output he
base jead eonnehing
the sompld
by gcording
vortag melen pam gampling
nt, or eitheg
outpul thesample. to tuo
Thue
Network
Netuork
Netwok back feed
Netwok
tree Ras connechon back fecd
xfmet
s wo
 ed. Cain
Chaio
Af
A
Xo
A
A
Xo
X3
A
Xo
Xo
-þ
A Xi
: A Now
-Xo
A= Now
Xo XS+ =
feedback +Ye For
bae fad
3Xo
hetwok
baut faed sigral zilp
Amplifies A
XO A =Xo
xd=xi
signa! differanu
CA) back fesd
Transjen
with
 To A
royeondu
amplifien
i: back feod guis Cuent
Vo
P
P
A
Vo
back fead shunt ta yo
amplifien
:;
Vo
RL A
Vo
amplifiea: back ed seris
 to
:Tf B
RL To A
Out
amplitis. back fea shunt Cuuent
 63
axt tven a A suffix
ot The mbol the by
A
TepreenTad' ampaijea
bauic the
The to
aignal output the ratio.
o
the
haun; Ratiö Iranajes
Shunt CbT mixig
etwoxk utwok
bac fead bace feed
A
amplifia A
N!amplifiu Rs
Ts! 1Basic
Basis
Jouru
Sowne Ken Sees
mi
mizn ghunt
noda) shunt and
connechons, uoput show (6) and
Vey :and the
Seies
ommon nput ghunt. and eonnechon
0nnechon
'edback
Theee anpina Liks
ane
Netwok Mixet .
-han. grealu
ampeitier. Cunt
emitt eommon futal y
which m,bo Pfom uunt dif
repreunt towud
diu aluay wkich
wkjch fattos Audbact
factos
betueen
betu
1and
sepreens eeuts fedbak he
n
 moditid
modifjed beeon
nu
thmpeda
ed . at
pha |Rs )
les 6)
5
ditoh'on
repon regng improred inuaud
) BW 3)
tinaan
Tuon opena (irean
more
Ts
=AYf Vo
followig Tepzeent fo
eong'
hion gna amplitin
AfHene shown
itohe signal output the
odafineo :' Afmbol the
of
ratio ti transe The
reen@d sbaek feedi'wtth.
quanti
hey
°6thee and
uithout ampisien
back bauc
ejeined quantties to
Rmand &mAi, AY,
ductm eoTans
n TGm
:oatos tn7es diffuunt he epresenG
 Re2te To
s0.0) Re2
tR Ron RatR
Ro
:lo
RatR
Ree -Je
A
(o.3si) (s0) us7) (-0. (-so)
4ob
'A 358 0.
0.b|2< R-
huR+ hu R+ 1s
(R'R) Rs
|
-3k
3.S3k
Ci+hje)( +kue Riz
Re2 Tbi
kctRi2.
ReI
Tb
= 2At 7
=50
TsTb) T Tb2 Is AT
Tb) Tci Tb Ice
flb shunt uunt
 Ro Rot
Ri
|2k RS
:9.83 (5Do)(S00 (Q3.4) ReL Att s
RsTs
Rcz -T2
7-2
3.6. 406
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