Plus'Oue | Senious Revistow Social Scienc James Munyanyi Locadia Bhukuvhani ~ Lameck MatandawareIntroduction to Soc 1, Family, Religion and Moral Education § 1 Topic 1 Family 1 Topic 2 Religion 5 Topic 3 Moruls and Values 10 Topic + Religion and Health 2. Heritage-Social Studies Section ... Topic | Wdentity: Family History and Local Heritage.ccooe as . 2 Topic 2 Cultural Heritage... 25 Topi¢ 3. National History, Sovereigmy and Governance 27 Topic 4. Entitlements/Rights and Responsibilities. 29 Topic §. Shelter 31 Topic 7 Natural Heritage., 33 Topic 8: Transport and Communication .. 7 Topic 9 Work and Leisure 39 Topic 10: Global Issues... 40 3. Guidance and Counselling and Life Skills Education Section. EXAMINATIONS Examination Practice J ... 45 Examination Practice 2. 32 Examination Practice 3... 59 Examination Practice 4... 66 Examination Practice 5... a Examination Practice 6... be Examination Practice 7... an Examination Practice 8... a Examination Practice 9... or Examination Practice 10 108 us Examination Practice 1 ‘Scanned with CamScannerExamination Practice 12.. Examination Practice 13 ... Examination Practice 14... Examination Practice 15... Examination Practice 16... Examination Practice 17... Examination Practice 18 Examination Practice 19. Examination Practice 20. Answer ‘Scanned with CamScannerIntroduction to Social Science ‘The Social Science subject arenis an area that co Heritage-Social Studies (HSS) and Guidan mprises of Family, Religion and Moral Education (FAREME), “ ut ice and Counselling and Life Skills Education (G&C-LSE). FAREME eae is made up ot4 main topics, while HSS entails 10 topics and G&C-LSE comprises of 6 topies. All these amount to 20 topics which the Social Science subject arca secks to assess, The Social Science Area, according to ZIMSEC, specimen is examined th Social Sci te eroeene ied through two test papers namely Social Science Paper 1 Social Science Paper 1 This paper has a duration of | hour 45 minutes and it contains 40 multiple choice questions which candidates are required to answer by shading the correct answer on a provided special scanner sheet. The paper contributes 50% of the overall mark in the subject area, ‘The FAREME section on Social Science Paper 1 FAREME | contributes 50% of the paper, which amounts to 20 out of 40 questions. FAREME is made up of 4 major topics namely; Family, Religion, Morals and Values and lastly, Religion and Health. Each of the 4 do have several subtopics that build up to the major topic, hence, the need to cover all the subtopics before the main examinations. According to the FAREME syllabus assessment model, the topic Family contributes 20% of the 20 FAREME multiple choice questions, Religion contributes 40% of the 20 FAREME multiple choice questions, Morals and Values contributes 24% of the 20 FAREME multiple choice questions and Religion, and Health contribute 16% of the 20 FAREME multiple choice questions. The examination is also guided by the skills weighting chart In each of the 4 topics, 40% should be knowledge and comprehension questions, 30% should be application questions and 30% should be deductive reasoning (analysis, evaluation and creative) questions. The HSS section on Social Science Paper 1 HSS contributes 40% of the paper, which amounts to 16 out of 40 questions. HSS is made up of 10 major topics namely; Identity: Family History and Local Heritage; Cultural Heritage; National History, Sovereignty and Governance; Entitlements/Rights and Responsibilities; Shelter, Social Services and Volunteerism; Natural Heritage; Production, Distribution and Consumption of Goods and Services; Transport and Communication; Work and Leisure; and lastly Global Issues. Fach of the 10 topics, do have several key concepts that build up to the major topic, hence, the need to cover all the key concepts and their objectives before the main examinations. According to the HSS syllabus assessment model: © The topic on Identity: Family History and Local Heritage contributes 10% of the 16 HSS multiple choice questions. The topic on Cultural Heritage contributes 10% of the 16 HSS multiple choice questions. The topic on National History, Sovereignty and Governance contributes 14% of the 16 HSS multiple choice questions. © The topic on Entitlements/Rights and Responsibilities contributes 10% of the 16 HSS multiple choice questions. GO ‘Scanned with CamScannerThe topic on il : Teter secats als ios of the 16 HSS multiple choice questions: ice questi © The topic on Natural Heri lunterism contributes 6% ofthe 6 HSS multiple ¢ ond ceria, The ne oe leritage, Production, Distribution and Consumption Goods = . s Sof 16 HSS multiple choice questions: cin wns on Transport and Communication contributes 12% mae pic on Work and Leisure contributes 8% of the 16 HSS mul 1 topic on Global Issues contributes 6% of the 16 HSS multiple ch in guided by th should be com iestions. of the 16 HSS multiple choice questions Iriple choice questions. ice questions: fe skills wel prehension ave ghting chart 1, mination is agt sons, 24 stions, 30% blem solving 44 Besides the topic percentage contribution, the exa each of the 10 topics, 40% should be knowledge que: should be application questions and 10% should be pro The G&C-LSE Section on Social Science Paper ! SE is made up of og GRC-LSE is ma G&C-LSE contributes 10% of the papes, which amounts questions. ~ Beliefsand Citizenship, to 4 out of 40 7 major topies namely; Relationships, Health, Humat Growthand Development val * opies that build up 1 Child Protection and lastly, Career Guidance. Each of the 6 topics do have Se the major topic, hence, the need to cover al the sub-topies before tl ihe main ‘examinations. Section A, Section B structured paper so per. No answers are Science Paper 2 duration of 1 hour 30 minutes. I oie! of 14 main questions and with ed to-wit his er answers on the SPAClT prot “ate is expected 10 provide al the answe!S aper 2 (25 marks) Social 1 is made up of three sections namely, ach carrying 5 masks. This 5 @ This paper has a vided on the question Pal and Section C with a candidate is suppos provided so the candi of Social Science P sompulsory qu! this section. All the qu in total. date is expected to Section A 5 questions which “This section is made up of 5c attempt all the 5 questions in are therefore worth 25 marks ii 1F, questions in Section A of Social Science is worth 5 marks so the candi restions where cach i 1 mark each making them 2: jestions are Paper 2 (10 marks) questions which are respectively question numbers 1 and 2. Question nly drawn from the frst opie on Family. Question number 2 is alsa except Family and Religion, which have already been FARE) tn Section A- FAREME contributes 2 umber 1 is worth S marks and it is ma trowth $ marks and itis drawn from any other topi located numbers for their coverage inthe Paper: sion B of Social Science Paper 2 (15 marks) HSS Questions in See’ ies 3 questions which are umbers 3, 4 and 5. The questions are worth 5 marks cach In Section A, HSS contribt and they are set from all the HSS syllabus topics. Section B of Social Science Paper 2 (18 marks) see co ee witha total number of 5 questions and each question is worth 5 marks. The ee a eee ee 3 questions out of the given 5 questions. Question 6 is on Christianity, Guan 7 sn Sao, Qo on Bis for Islam, Question 9 is on Indigenous religion and question 10 is om the remaining topics. This section excludes the topics on Family and Religion which already have allocated numbers for their coverage in the paper. ‘Scanned with CamScanneesection C of Social Science Paper 2 (10 marks) This section is for in and G&C-LSE, It comprises of 4 questions, that is, questions: 11, 12, 13 and 14, The candidate is expected to answer any two questions out of the given 4 questions. G&C-LSE contributes 5 marks out of $0. The assessment model from the syllabi ace still vital in Paper 2 ‘The FAREME Questions on Social Science Paper 2 nee vie ‘ Sov of the paper, which amounts to 7 out of 14 questions. FAREME is made up of 4 mr topes namely: Family, Religion, Morals and Values andlsly Religion and Health. Each ofthe 4 topics do have several subtopics that build up to the major topic, hence, the need to cover all the subtopics before the main examination, According to the FAREME syllabus assessment model, the topic Family contributes 20% of the 7 FAREME structured questions, Religion contributes 40% of the 7 questions, Morals and Values contribute 24% of the 7 questions and Religion and Health contribute 16% of the 7 questions. The examination is also guided by the skills weighting chart. In cach of the 4 topics, 40% should be knowledge and comprehension questions while 30% should be application questions with 30% being deductive reasoning questions (analysis, evaluation and creative). The HSS Section on Social Science Paper 2 HSS contributes 40% of the paper, which amounts to20 out of the total of 50 marks. HSS is made up of 10 major topics namely: Identity: Family History and Local Heritage; Cultural Heritage; National History, Sovereignty and Governance; Entitlements/rights and Responsibilities; Shelter, Social services and Volunteerism; Natural Heritage; Production, Distribution and Consumption of Goods and Services; Transport and Communication; Work and Leisure; and lastly, Global issues. Each of the 10 topics have several key concepts that build up to the major topic hence the need to cover all the key concepts and their objectives before the main examination, According to the HSS syllabus assessment model ‘The topic on Identity: Family History and Local Heritage contributes 10% of the 20 HSS marks. ‘The topic on Cultural Heritage contributes 10% of the 20 HSS marks. ' The topic on National History, Sovereignty and Governance contributes 14% of the 20 HSS marks. The topic on Entitlements/rights and Responsibilities contributes 10% of the 20 HSS marks. The topic on Shelter contributes 10% of the 20 HSS marks, ‘The topic on Social Services and Volunteerism contributes 6% of the 20 HSS marks, The topic on Natural Heritage, Production, Distribution and Consumption of Goods and Services contributes 14% of the 20 HSS marks. ‘The topic on Transport and Communication contributes 12% of the 20 HSS marks. The topic on Work and Leisure contributes 8% of the 20 HSS marks, The topic on Global Issues contributes 6% of the 20 HSS marks. Besides the topic percentage contribution, the examination is again guided by the skills weighting chart. In cach of the 10 topics, 40% should be knowledge questions, while 30% should be comprehension questions, 20% should be knowledge application questions and 10% should comprise problem solving questions. ‘Scanned with CamScannerThe G&C-LSE Section on Social S G&C-LSE contributes 0% of the paper, which amounts to 5 out of $0 marks. G&C-LSE is made up of 6 m;;, topics namely. Relationships; Health, Human Growth and Development; Values, Beliefs and Citizens, Child Protection and lastly, Career Guidance. Each of the 6 topics do have several sub-topies that build up, the major topic, hence, the need to cover all the sub-opies before the main examinations. In Sonia Seer. Paper 2, FAREME constitutes $0% or 25 out of 50 marks, HSS consitates 40% or 20 out of 50 matks a, G&C-LSE constitutes 10% or $ out of $0 marks. nee Paper 2 Social Science examination tips ‘© Anexamination is written during a very short period of time, which is used 80 assess what one has bee, 2 hours of each paper is used to tell the quali 1d concentration whic: doing for the past 7 years, What you do in less than i work you have been doing for the past years. Give the exam the seriousness ant it deserves. the questions are not conc «© Thisis a 7 year course, hence, ; concepts of the previous grades. There are concepts wi entrated on grade 7 work only. Revise all th: th are only found in lower grades and sot: estions which need the candidate’s wi careful not to miss them his paper are full of content qui ‘ litator’s if one is to pass the examinatic: The subjects that make up t readership, It should be more of the learner's effort than the faci well, Have enough information with which to face the examination. «Be careful of favouring some topics atthe expense of others, which you may dislike ; 5 Ther is need for a good grasp of concepts and content to avoid mixing them up and confusing them This usually happens with the definition of terms. + Remember paper one answvers comprise of desructors and obstructers which means that all the giver anawers wll be having something to do with the question. If not certain, all answers become possible answers. Make sure you know. «Approach every question as a new and separate question. At times examiners bring back old questions but with a new twist, which you may miss if, you rush through to answer it. © In paper two, make your answers very short so that they fit in the provided spaces. Do not copy the question or make your answer unnecessarily long. © Make sure you understand what is needed and you give just that © The value of marks allocated usually tell you the number of items needed for the answer. If two marks are allocated, make sure your answer is worthy only two marks. «Avoid debatable answers or some which may require a further verbal clarification since you will no: be there to give justification, Your answer should not in any way give the marker room to have queries or doubts over it. ¢ When you are about to choose an answer remember to assess the question wholly, including al the part questions associated with it. Do not answer a question just because you know a part or just two parts ut five parts of the entire question. e smote bam pie hose ——~ subjects or compress them in order to lessen workload and as divorced from you hve eat rom other subject areas, like ICT and Agriculture. Do not take them © There av things fat morte ause, in most cases the topics link up with each other. use the unfamiliar y be having several names, be careful to know all of them. The examiner may 'm to craft his or her question and you are expected to be familiar with it. ‘Scanned with CamScannerTOPIC 1: FAMILY UNIT I: THE CONCEPT OF FAMILY Family types and fami ¢ Anuclear family consists of parents and their children. Asingle parent family consists of one parent and children. « Achild headed family consists of children living alone without parents or guardians, ¢ Extended families are families of people related through blood or marriage. «A polygamous family is a family of one husband with two or more wives: id totems: * Alineage is a line of descent for related people or relatives. It tracks back one's ancestors. ¢ A totem is a symbol or emblem for a clan. A clan is a group of families of the same descent. » Atotem is an animal, object or place used as an emblem of the family and clan. . Asioale used as totems, include lion, zebra, bird, and fish. Totem objects include water, fire, leg and jeart. Totems regulate marriages and they explain relationships among relatives. Totems help to trace identity, to conserve nature and to boost self-esteem. Family possessions or resources include cattle, houses and land. Family names are called surnames and some surnames are totems. Family relations ¢ Male relationships include; father, son, brother, uncle, grandfather, nephew, stepfather, stepbrother, stepson, father-in-law, brother-in-law, son-in-law. + Female relationshipsinclude; mother, daughter, sister, aunt, grandmother, niece, stepmother, step sister, stepdaughter, mother-in-law, sisterin-law, daughter-in-law. + In-law relations are relationships made through marriage. Paternal relations are relationships made through father’s side and maternal relations are through the mother's side Family dynamics + Family dynamics are changes that happen in a family. + Causes of family dynamics include death, divoree and family disputes. Effects of family dynamics include stress, depression, drug abuse, alcoho! abuse, street kids, dropping out of school, orphans, child-headed families, single parent families, suicide, child abuse, child marriages, divorce, conflicts, hatred, illegal settling or squatter camps, UNIT 2; THE FAMILY AND RELIGION In Christianity, when man and a woman agree to marry, they do an engagement ceremony. After that payment of the bride price follows. A white wedding or holy matrimony is done where relatives and friends have a chance to bless the new couple with gifts. ‘Scanned with CamScanner© Indigenous m: i Be arringe customs include elopement (kutizira) inheritance marriage (kugcra kaka) bride . tthe sant eee as well as formal marringe (kukumbira) rele am ai Forbid marriage between a moslem and a non-moslem as well as marriage with « © Marri ows polygamy of up toa maximum of four wives larriages in Judaism start with engagemenybetrothal where a man gives & ring ora valuabl the woman. The actual marriage follows after a wedding ceremony. Jews are encouraged 10 marry e the age of twenty and there must be a contract of marriage. UNIT 3: THE FAMILY AND COMMUNITY Family roles in the commu le item ty, ity ‘Accommunity isa group of families living within the same locality sharing natural and other resources, novns and values, The family assist with household chores at community functions. ; Families attend and participate in community gatherings like weddings, birthdays and funerals. Familie offer each other material, financial and emotional support when needed, ‘A family educates the young with the necessary values and norms. ‘A family assists the needy in its society, including the mentally challenged «The family interacts through family rituals, ceremonies and other social gatherings. a J the imeraction helps in unifying the family while providing a platform to share ideas and inspiring the young, © Ithelps in the sharing of ideas and ways to solve problems. UNIT 4: SOCIALAND EMOTIONAL. LEARNING Self-management Selftmanagement is controlling one’s self. Ifa victim of a misfortune turns a bad situation into a more positive event then people will say she or he has self-control. Self-management reflects who you are and it also helps people to avoid conflicts. Most people lose self-control because of anger, the need to revenge and pride. “The effects of losing self-control include starting conflicts, fights, deaths, injuries and sometimes police arrests, Role of religion in self-control (a) Indigenous Religion . inte is a conflict amongst the Indigenous religion followers, a third person is engaged to resolve the ispute. Family disputes between husband and wife are resolved by involving the aunt, uncle, nephew or niece. e the ‘matter is so serious, they consult elders from the community. . i i . 7 ae nandings between villagers, the aggrieved parties or people approach the village head of © In settling the matters, they try to be fair, ‘Scanned with CamScannee(by Christianity « Inthe event ofa dispute, Christians believe in forgiveness and reconciliation, + Ioneis angry, he should not spend the whole day angry. ¢ Itteaches people to love everyone. {Judaism ¢ Self-management is seen in Esau who forgave his twin brother, Jacob. He was angry at first since he wanted to kill his brother, He later managed to control himself and reconciled with his brother. + Joseph, the son of Jacob also forgave his brothers who had sold him to the Egyptians. (ap Islam + In Islam, family or friends are the first to settle marriage conflicts. A member of the wife's family and ‘one ftom the husband’s side will come together to resolve the dispute. They believe that Allah brings about reconciliation. Social awareness Social awareness is knowing who you are in the society. Socialisation is a process that makes children learn values, beliefs, and norms ofa society. It starts from home before the community comes in. Community activities that promote socialisation include wedding, games, work, parties, funerals and celebrations. Respect for others Respect is a kind of regard for other people's feelings, wishes and rights. Ways of showing respect to others include greeting each other, thanking each other, kneeling or crouching when greeting elders and sharing resources equally. Ways of showing lack of respect to others include; fighting, bullying, poking fun at others, talking while others are talking, laughing at those who fail and so on Benefits of showing respect are that one gets respect in return, one earns people's trust and parents become proud of him or her. Empathy is sharing and understanding what another person is feeling, In the community, people should have empathy towards the disabled, orphans, disadvantaged, widows, homeless and people living with chronic illnesses. Sympathy and empathy enable community members to console, pay condolences and provideassistance towards others Diversity refers to the differences that exist among people. Human beings differ in cultures, beliefs, religion, race, totems and sex, yet they live together in peace and harmony in spite of those differences. Relationship management * A rrelationship involves two or more parties that will be socialising in one way or another, on a daily bases, on one situation or circumstance or in different situations. + Itisa way in which two or more people are connected, As people relate with each other, they respond and react in ways that are influenced by emotions. Most relationships suffer because of conic, lack of respect, gossip, lack of tolerance and unfaithfulness. Ways of managing relationships include tolerance, forgiveness and reconciliation, love, selflessness, faithfulness, trust, honest and respecting others. ‘Scanned with CamScannee* Ways of managing religious differences invelve tolerance, avoiding negative talk about other People, religion and avoiding discussions on sensitive religious topics. ‘ © Ways of building religious relationships include having love, sharing of possessions, and shar, religious beliefs. Responsible decision-making deals with choosing the right things in fife. Irresponsible decisc, making can lead into trouble in most cases. Examples of responsible decision-making inclug, choosing right friends, right diet, good behaviour and suitable clothes for right ‘occasions. Communication and social management Criticism handling © Criticism is the feedback usually unpleasant from other or negative. © Criticism helps people to improve, especially negative criticism alt Ways to handle criticism include reminding yourself that you are perfect, People should take criticism as a way of showing them : ‘Again, people should overcome pride, which can be an obstruction to accepting 3 after an action or activity. It can be positiv, though itis difficult to accept. not perfect and that no human i areas which need attention. any correction. Ways of making criticism © Itmust be constructive. «It must build and not destroy. @ Itmust be done in private especially on sensitive issues. «Do not publicise a person's weaknesses. © Control the tone of language by making a careful and sensitive choice Point out the positives first; bring the negatives gradually or slowly. Do not make a personal attack. Effects of failure to handle criticism may include arguments or disagreements, fights, anger, suicide, loss of self-esteem, hatred and drug abuse. of words. ‘Anger management « Angeris an unpleasant emotion. It makes it difficult to make a proper judgement on an issue, ‘© Dangers of anger include causing one to make poor decisions, attacking another person, committing murder, causing a stroke and stress as well as causing violence. © When angry, one should not rush to talk or take an important action. » Ways of managing anger include not making an important decision, moving away from the person who provoked you, giving yourself time to calm down in order to control your emotions and giving others achance to speak. The process of responsible decision-making When taking a decision, people experience peer pressure, 7 pressure is the influence that one gets from friends or peers, legative peer pressure happens when one is influenced into bad activitie: i i s or behaviour, such as running nea from school, drug abuse and stealing. ‘iti E nit ive peer pressure is when one is influenced to do good things such as obeying elders and hard working Ls) ‘Scanned with CamScannersteps to consider in responsible decision-making ‘Understanding the need for a decision. Listing the possible choices or solutions. Listing the possible results or effects of each choice (advantages and disadvantages). Deciding on the best choice to make. Evaluation or judgement of the choice taken. pecision-making What to consider in decision-making — check if there is a real need to decide, List all the possible choices or options you have. List the possible results of each choice or option. Decide the best out of all the possible choices. Judge on the best decision to be taken Ways of resisting pecr pressure include; suggesting something else to do other than the bad things, walking away from the situation, refusing politely but with a clarity and firmness as well as doing something else good with other friends Effects of peer pressure include; substance abuse, drug abuse, prostitution, Satanism, crimes, arrests and stress. © Wisdom is required in decision-making. Wisdom is the use of knowledge, experience and good judgement. TOPIC 2: RELIGION UNIT 5: CHRISTIANITY Religion Christianity Followers/believers Christians Christian denominations: Roman Catholic, Zion Cristian Church (ZC), Sects/groups Zimbabwe Assemblies of God Africa (ZAOGA), Seventh-day Adventist Church (SDA), Apostolic Faith Mission in Zimbabwe (AFM) Symbol Cross Origin Tt originated from Judaism Founder Tesus Christ lice of worship Church ‘Sacred days Sunday but some observe Saturday ‘Sacred Scriptures [Bible Names and titles ofthe | yetoyah, Yahweh, Supreme Being Religious practitioners | Priest, Pastor, Prophet, Evangelist, Apostle, Bishop, Pope Artefacts Bible, Cross, Crucifix, the chalice, Rosary (Ceremonies and festivals __| Christmas, Easter, Holy Communion Rites and rituals Birih rites, Marriage, Holy matrimony, Bapiism, Prayer, Burial rites Pe achings Belief in one God, Holy Trinity, life after deathfeternal life, judgement day, paradise and eternal punishment, salvation, beatitudes, parables, ‘Scanned with CamScanneeSongs_ Songs are a form of worship. ‘Some denominations forbid the eating of pork and fish without scales, animal that do not chew the cud, animals which die of natural causes or Food laws which die on their own and animals which are killed by other animals a instructed in the Old Testament. Some encourage their members to be vegetarians. UNIT 6: ISLAM Réligion islam Followers/belicvers | Muslims/Moslems. Sects/groups “The Sunni and the Shia Symbol ‘Crescent of the moon and a star. Oo Originated from Judaism. It started in Saudi Arabia in a city called Mecca. Founder Prophet Muhammad, son of Abdullah and Amin Place of worship [Mosque ‘Sacred days Friday ‘Sacred scriptures _| Koran/Quran and Hadith ‘Names and titles of the Supreme Being ‘Allah who has 99 names, his deeds are also his names. ‘The merciful, the compassionate, the generous, the clement, the affectionate, the forgiver, the king, the highest, the mighty one and many others. The imam: male prayer leader who is also a community leader. a servant in a mosque who calls people to pray. Religious The muezzi practitioners ‘The ulama: is a doctor of law whose role is to interpret Sharia or Muslim law. Mujahid: is a Muslim teacher who gives religious ruling and legal decisions. ‘Artefacts The Quran, the Hadith, the Quran stand, Quiblah, prayer mat, the Kabah Ceremonies and festivals Ramadan: festival of fasting for a month. Rabi: a month of celebrating prophet Muhammad's life and birth. ‘The Hijra: reminds the holy joumey Muhammad took from Mecca to Medina after persecution. Eid-al-fi selebrate the end of Ramadan. ; reminds Moslems of Abraham's willingness to sacrifice his son. Hajj: pilgrimage or journey to Mecca. Lay-la-tul baraat: a night that Allah comes down to forgive the sins of people. Rites and rituals Birth rites; Aqiqah; the sacrifice of an animal on the child’s birth, ‘Khitan: circumcision Burial rites: after death, closing the eyes of the dead. They are not buried in a coffin ‘and they are buried facing Mecca, Marriage: the actual Muslim wedding is known as a nikah. It is a simple ceremony, jin which the bride does not have to be present so long as she sends two witnesses (0 the drawn-up agreement. ‘Scanned with CamScannerKoy teachings Believe in resurrection of the dead and life after death, Bellove in the judgement day th last day, the day of reckoning, a day when Fesurrection will happen. People ure judged according to their decds while they lived on earth and so they will be grouped into the rightcous and the wicked. the Fighteous will be rowarded with etemal life and the wicked will be punished in ‘The five pillars of Islam: |. The Shahndah (declaration of faith or confession of faith). 2. Salat (prayer): they pray 5 times a day facing Mecca, 3. Sawn (fasting): the fasting is called Ramadan, 4, Hajj: the pilgrimage ‘or journey to Mecca which every devoted Muslim should do a east once in a life time, 5. Zakat (almsgiving): the giving of alms to the poor. jo = Songs Music is of two types: Haram and Halal Moslems are forbidden 10 eat pork, blood, animals that die by themselves and foods dedicated to other gods other than Allah himself, Forbidden foods or unclean foods are called haram. Acceptable foods according to I we Islamic food laws are called halal, Muslims are not allawed to take alcohol, ‘The slaughtering of animals for meat should be quick with the use of sharp knives to allow blood to drain and to reduce pain. Bismillah (Istamic prayer) should be uttered to dedicate the animal to Allah. UNIT 7: JUDAISM Religion [Judaism Followers/believers Tews Symbol Star of David [ Origin Started in Canaan which is in the Middle East Founder Abraham who later married Sarah and had a child called Isaac Place of worship Synagogue Sacred days Sabbath Sacred scriptures Tanakh Names and titles ofthe | vst.yeh, EI Shaddsi, Adoni, El Hei | Supreme Being Priest: teach what God revealed to the people. They receive direct word from God. Prophet: speak and recall the commands and promises of God to his people. Religious practitioners _| They also predict future events. When delivering the message of God to people, prophets assume God's place, Rabbi: Jewish teachers and spiritual leaders of Yahweh, Scribe: copies, explains and teaches the law. ‘Scanned with CamScanneeAttire Tippata dal cap won 1 remind Jes 0 fellow God's commandments aj time. Talli: a prayer shawl wom when about ro pray and worship res. ‘Tefthn: a small Leather box with passages of the script Artefacts Ceremonies and festivals Rites and rituals Key teachings F Hanukkah (Festival of | Yad: a pointer used when reading the Toreh. Torah: comprises ofthe first ive books ofthe Hebrew Bible which contains, Jaw. Mezuzah: a case made up of wood, metal or pottery to remind Jews about Gog Inisa holy scroll with prayers from the Torah Menorah; a 7 branded candle stand, Dreidel: a 4-sided top used in a game played at Hanukkah. Star of David: a symbol for Judaism. lights) festival for remembering the re-opening of the temple. Pentecost (Shavuot): festival for remembering the giving of the Ten Commandments to the Israclites on Mount Sinai Festival of Esther (Purim); Jews celebrate their victory over Haman. Day of atonement (Yom Kippur): thisis the holiest festival. They pray and fast as they confess thet sins in public. They wear white robes as a sign of| purity, Feast of tabemactes (Sukkot or Suecoth: festival for thanksgiving to God for providing them with a bumper harvest. Circumcision: eight days after birth, father should be there, Itis done by @ circumeiser. Burial: should be done immediately after death, There no public body viewing. The body is washed, purified and dressed. mncovered, washing of the body, purification by ihe dressing in traditional clothing, the body is put are no flowers, no music, Ritual purification: body is u water. The drying and lastly tl ina casket. Monotheism: beliefin one God. “The Decalogue: the Ten Commandments which were given to Moses for the Israelites. A Jewish man prays three times (in the moming, in the afternoon and in the evening). . happiness Songs Tews sing hymns in synagogues. They believe that music brings joy, and closeness to God. ‘Songs help to pass information from one generation to another. ‘Scanned with CamScannee4 Food laws in Judaism are known as ‘Kosher. Their animals ‘The foods that are acceptable Jerson called shochet. for food are slaughtered by a specially trained pt Jews eat lamb, beef and chicken, Kosher animals are those with split hooves. They donot mix meat and dairy products and utensils with meat are not used with milk products Their meal table is an altar. They do not eat pork, rabbits, Vegetables and fruits with bugs are not part of kosher. shellfish, catfish, insects and animal fat. NOUS RELIGION Relig Tadigenous Religion Falowersbelievers Indigenous people traditionalists ‘Symbol Tthas no symbol. mn Tt started when people n Affica started (olive in groups as communities or {oven societies. Founder Tehas no identifiable founder i Tthas no specific place but they use several places of worship, including home Place of worship altar in g Kitchen hut, shrines, caves, mountains, sacred forests and under sacred trees. ‘Sacred days. Rest day/chisifizilo, the actual day varies from place to place. ‘ed from one generation to another Sacred scriptures Tthas no scriptures and traditions are pass through word of mouth and music. Names and titles of the Supreme Being The Tonga: Chiutawakuchanga, Leza, Mulungu. The Venda: Mudzimu. ‘The Shona: Musikavanbu, Nyadenga, Mwari. ‘The Ndebele: Unkulukulu, Somandla, Umlimu, Religious practitioners Spirit mediums: mediators between the living and the Supreme Being. They ‘communicate requests and messages to the Supreme Being. They also lead in ceremonies and festivals ‘Traditional healers: are gifted in healing but they specialise in traditional medicine and herbs. They inquire the cause of sickness or death from the spirit world. Midwives: assist pregnant woman to give birth safely. Chief: enforces rest days and protects culture and the land. He distributes, land and other government resources. He directs and guides ceremonies and festivals. Attire ‘Animal skins, black and white cloth, headgear, beads, necklaces, leg rattles. Artefacts Knobkerrie, snuff container, traditional gourd, a spear, a bow and arrow, mbira, snail shells, bones, wooden plates, clappers, rattles, tessebe’s tail. Ceremonies and festivals [Rain asking, cleansing, thanksgiving, bringing back. ‘Scanned with CamScanneeRites and rituals s and rituals, ‘marriage rites and. rituals, burial rites ‘death (etemity), spin to eat their totem or else they wil has loss of teeth and having ski foods and fruits. Processed foods are rites and rituals, Ubuntaturhuvumuniu, life after: Indigenous people are not allowed experience various misfortunes suc! ‘They are encouraged t0 eat indigenous discouraged. 5 ment. Some forests, mountains and other Totems help to protect the environ! : i sacred places are protected by being sacred, people are afraid of tempering yi. ! Environment them, Taboos also help in conserving nature. TOPIC 3: MORALS AND VALUES UNIT 9: CONCEPT OF MORALS AND VALUES . Morals are guidelines that tell us what is right and wrong. Values are principles that people consider desirable and important. People should know what is right community, family and religion. and wrong in the ng without knowing the things, however, at times people do the wro Everyone must try to do the right itis bad. ‘The right or good behaviour at school include greeting elders, working hard, obeying school rules picking up litter and obeying teachers. laziness, rudeness, stealing, bullying others The wrong or bad behaviour at school are playing truancy, as well as fighting, The right oF good behaviour at home are obeying parents and telling the truth. “Attributes of good behaviour are signs that show good behaviour like respect for elders and kneelin; down when greeting elders or serving them food. The attributes of bad behaviour are rudeness, stealing, selfishness and disrespect Rights and responsibilities in fair living with others Rights Rights are entitlements that belong to every person regardless of race. The constitution contains the rights of all people. The constitution gives the right to parents and guardians of children to decide the moral and religicu upbringing of their children. ion, right Rights include the right to a name and surname, right to a birth certificate, right to educatic parental care, right to healthcare and right to religion. Everyone has a right to belong to a religion of his or her choice. Children normally take up the religion of their parents or guardians. Human rights or rights of citizens include the right to life and the right to personal liberty. International conventions are agreements among countries which have to do with the environment. trade as well as human rights, Internat 4 : UDI International conventions include Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR), United Nation Conventi i . ; ‘onvention on the Rights of the Child (UNCRC), Convention on the Rights of Persons living wit ‘Scanned with CamScanneeDisabilities (CRPD) and Convention on the Elimination of all forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW) «International conventions provide international laws which ean apply to many countsics, improve the quality ofustice delivery in member states and make governments to account for human rights in their countries, © The disadvantages of international conventions are that they may bring Jaws that are against our culture and people may copy bud morals from other countries. Responsibilities « Aresponsibility is a duty or obligation which you have to do in order to fully benefit or enjoy a right. . Responsti ities of children at school include cleaning classrooms, doing homework and obeying teachers «Responsibilities of children at home are helping with household chores and obeying parents. «Responsibilities of a Zimbabwean citizen arc to respect and obey the laws of Zimbabwe «Responsibilities of parents to their children are to give parental care to their children, to g children, to train their children and to provide food «Responsibilities ensure that rights are not abused. Every right has a responsiblity that goes along with it, « Aspeople enjoy their given rights and fulfil their responsibilities, they should treat oth «Fairness is treating each other equally. Fairness is also treating each other in a positive way. + Fairness brings peace to families, communities and nations. Rules, laws and regulations ensure thet people are treated fai. suide their ers with fairness. Advantages of belonging to a religion One will be with people who think like him or her. Religion shapes one’s character. It offers a chance to share ideas. . . ° « Ioffers a chance to communicate with the Supreme Being. . and understanding . . Itoffers a source of solution to human problems which are beyond human capi teaches good moral values. It provides a sense of togetherness, «Religion gives life a purpose. ilities: How to help people living with di “They need to be given life skills to be self-reliant. They need to be helped in order to live with their families They need to be helped to take part in social, creative and recreational activities They need protection from exploitation. They need medication and other forms of treatment, “They need the provision of special facilites for their education, Positive ways of treating each other «Positive ways of treating each others showing kindness, respecting other people's property, respecting other people's beliefs and avoiding saying bad things about other people. ‘Scanned with CamScannerUNIT 10: CONFLICT AND CONFLICT MANAGEMENT 1g, Conflicts cannot be avoided bees, A conflict is a serious disagreement or argument about something people differ in opinions and ideas. There are two forms of conflicts namely intra-personal conflict and inter-personal conflict. Intra-personal conflicts are clashes that occur within a person, They are arguments that happen in oy, mind, Interpersonal conflicts are clashes or disagreements Causes of conflict at home include jealous between coming of new members to the family such as new babies. ‘The causes of conflict at school are shortage of resources such as tex mismanagement of funds as well as cheating. Management of conflict at school include, provision of ad fairness, putting proper rules and regulations in place. Causes of conflict in the community are shortage of resources, resources, favouritism and abuse of community resources. ; Causes of conflict with friends are, different values, jealous, poor communication, greediness, rudeness and gossiping. Causes of intra-personal conflict are emotional sources, Effects of intra-personal conflict are stress or worry, runnins such as blood pressure, stroke, heart attack and suicide. Management of intraspersonal conflict involves critical thinking, analytical thinking, and reflects; thinking, responsible decision-making. Causes of interpersonal conflict include poor communication, unfair treatment, bullying, harassmest different expectations and change especially if itis a sudden one. Effects of interpersonal conflict are fights, hatred, mistrust, lack of co-operation, injuries, arrests « even damage to property. ‘Management of inter-pers confusion in the area of con! conflict and not personal traits, necessary. «Conflict management is coming up with ways to solve a problem between people or groups. between two or more people. family members, lack of trust oF respect any, tbooks, favouritism, bullying, 2, jequate resources, ‘equal sharing of resourc:, intolerance, unfair allocation ¢ mistrust, competitio: physical sourees and economic sources. 1 away from home, weight loss, disease sonal conflict involves giving the other part a chance to talk, clearin: hearing each other accurately, concentrating on the subject c reaching a compromise and engaging a third part to mediate wher UNIT 11: NATIONAL VALUE SYSTEMS ‘A nation has values which distinguish its citizens from the rest of other nations. National values male people understand what is good and bad. Values are principles that people consider as desirable ant important. ‘® Value systems came into being in an effort to create standards that enable fairness, justice and peac: in communities across the nation, Values determine people’s behaviour, how they relate and treat eas: other and as a result of that they are everyone's responsibility. National values © National values include respect, tolerance, patriotism, empathy and self-respect. Tolerance is being able to accept people who are different from us. Political tolerance is prioritising th country's interest first before anything else. It involves accepting and being ready to work with peor" from different political parties and different backgrounds. ‘Scanned with CamScanneePatriotism is having strong love for one’s country. Empathy is sharing and understanding how another person feels. Self-respect is showing care for oneself. It involves valuing your beliefs and your feelings. Peace is when there is no war and people will not be fighting but living in harmony. Respect is appreciating others’ feelings, wishes and rights. ° © Dignity is the way one handles him or herself in order for people to respect him or her. tributes of integrity Attributes of integrity are honesty, trustworthy, fairness and genuineness. People of integrity respect their moral values and those of others. Honesty is being truthful. It is a moral character with values like straight forwardness and integrity. Trustworthy is being worthy of people’s confidence. It involves being dependable and reliable. Fairness is when you treat people equally without favour. It is about justice. Fairness is treating other people with equality and without bias. It should be used when applying rules, laws and standards. Fairness should also be applied when making a decision or judgement. Genuineness is standing for what one says. Its standing for the truth in whatever situation. ° . . Attributes of care Attributes of care are filial piety, generosity, stewardship and benevolence. Care is concern about something. It includes looking after people or property well. Filial piety is the duty or responsibility of a child to care for his or her parents and the elderly of the family. Generosity is being able to help the needy by giving them what they need freely. Stewardship is an act of caring for people or other things. Benevolence is doing acts meant to help other people. Attributes of resilience ‘The following are signs of resilience; handling change, optimism, determination and resourcefulness. Resilience is the effort that you put to get what you want regardless of the challenges involved. Attributes of resilience are perseverance, endurance and not giving up on something. People should not expect things to remain the same, there are changes that happen in life which must be handled carefully. Optimism is the hope and confidence about the future or success of something which one is doing, Determination is an ability to continue doing and trying something even when it is difficult. A determined person is one who is strongly motivated to succeed in what she or he is doing, Resourcefulness is coming up with ideas, strategies and means of surviving hardship. It helps to deal with lack or shortage of some things which may be needed in order to succeed. UNIT 12: RELIGION, TECHNOLOGY AND ENTERPRISE © Religion makes use of various forms of technology. The forms of religious art include religious portraits and sculptures, statues or carvings. © Artefacts are designed using technology. Religious artefacts are tools used for worship, for praise, for reflection and for reminding believers of their faith Technology is an application of knowledge and tools for the control of one’s environment, It involves the use of computers, mobile phones, applications and other information processing equipment. ‘Scanned with CamScannersu Positive; itive impact of technology to religion * Te : ameloey enables fast communication among members of a religious group. es religions to spread their religious teachings and moral values vin the internet, social me, and the print media. . Technology provides a cheap way of spreading religious messages It allows religious leaders to do virtual meetings which are cheaper as compared to travelling , distances for mectings. Technology enables religions to get quick feedback from its members. * It enables members to have portable holy books in their smartphones. Negative impact of technology © Religious websites can be hacked and lose confidential information, © Children can access content and websites against their religion. © Children can access obscene messages, pictures and videos. TOPIC 4: RELIGION AND HEALTH UNIT 13: RELIGION AND ABUSE © There are different forms of sexual and substance abuse. Sexual abuse is the forcing of someone t take part in sexual activities without their consent, The different forms or types of sexual abuse can b: ‘grouped into contact and non-contact sexual abuse. Contact sexual abuse is the type of abuse where the abuser makes physical contact with the victim ¢: the abused person. Examples of such abuse include rape, unwanted kissing, sodomy and incest. Non-contact sexual abuse is abuse where the abuser has no physical contact with the victim or the abused person, Examples of such abuse include indecent exposure, posting indecent sexual images sexual conversation with an uninterested person and having sexual activity in front of someone. a child's private parts, forcing a child to touch one's private parts, and showing a child indecent sexut pictures or videos. Potential perpetrators of child sexual abuse are ‘often not suspected. A perpetrator is a person whe commits a crime or a law-breaker. Child abusers first earn the child’s trust in order to gain access tc them, As a result almost anyone is a potential perpetrator even parents and friends. Effects of child sexual abuse include contracting HIV/AIDS/STIs, unwanted pregnancy, loss of self esteem, guilty feeling, self-blame, nightmares and flashbacks. . Religious solutions to child sexual abuse ¢ Education on child sexual abuse and how to cope with it. * Provision of counselling. © Teaching children to speak out. © Provision of effective reporting systems. ‘Scanned with CamScanner Forms of child sexual abuse are any type of sexual intercourse, indecent exposure, fondling, touching Vsubstance abuse ‘Substance abuse involves the taking of illegal drugs and and prescription dru hol di ; ; seded ‘gal drugs and overuse of alcohol and prescription drugs. - Alcohol abuse such as wine, gin and vodka, + Mlegal drugs such as cannabis, heroin, cigarettes, marijuana, glue and cocaine. ~ Prescription drugs are substances such as cough syrup. Doctors advise patients with specified diseases to buy these drugs. It becomes an abuse when such drugs are overused, consumed in high volumes, and are swallowed for a purpose outside their real purpose or taken in order to impair judgement, Dependency ona drug is addiction, Drug and substance abuse cause addiction, lung cancer as well as mental illness, Ways to end drug and substance abuse include resisting peer pressure, guidance and counselling, rehabilitation, anti-substance abuse campaigns, provision of recreational facilities and doing income generating projects. IT 14: RELIGION AND GENDER ‘© Gender refers to the state of being male or female. Gender roles are the tasks done by men and women in which are regarded as acceptable in that society. The term gender is used to describe the behaviours, roles, expectations and activities of males and females in a particular society. Gender is influenced by religion, culture, values, customs, norms and practices. Men do heavy work so gender roles for men include cutting trees, building homes, ploughing, hunting and making decisions at home. Women do light duties, therefore, gender roles for women include caring for the home, caring for children, cooking, washing as well as cleaning. ‘There is need for gender balance or gender equality. Ways of promoting gender equality © Give the same work to both males and females. © Giving equal employment opportunities to both females and males. © Allocating same subjects to both sexes. © Giving same resources. Benefits of gender equality Gender equality allows one to reach their full potential in life. Gender equality reduces anti-social behaviour. Gender equality reduces the burden which men carry in supporting females Itimproves the quality of life for both males and females. Gender equality helps workers to be motivated. It reduces conflict, abuse and violence. It promotes peace and it improves freedom. ‘Scanned with CamScanneei the behaviour y, XUALITY Ttineludes attitudes. sex marriages: UNIT 15: RELIGION AND S| sings, thoughts feelings. Sexuality refers to differentiating people by se% have towards other people, Religions are against same Five circles of sexuality Hing to the senses. The Sens ing attractive cing physically fu physically orb touch and a ean two peorle who love and care for ex se unique characteristics © Sensuality means bei ¢ affected include the sense of sight, 7 « Totimacy means a strong relationship oF other. . Identity is the uniqueness deseribing who one is, One can U describe identity. ; er Reproduction refers to producing e species throug! humans produce their young after « Sexualisation is viewing someone oF £0 attractive. or even scx t, cans. Animals an the young one of the their own kind. mething in sexual king something sexuall, I terms. It is mal Importance of sex identification 15 NOMS. ‘¢ Ttteaches sex orientation, sexual needs and values, cultural and religiou: © Tepromotes a strong sense of one's self e Ithelps oneto relate openly and intimately with others. Role of religion in sexuality late sexually. t defines the context in which people are to r ining from sex before marriage. strength, body structure, size and emotions. Religion has a role to play asi © Ttteaches the value of waiting for marriage and absta Boys are diferent from girs in several ways like sex, Characteristics of boys and girls e Accharacteristic is a quality possessed by someone. © Boys are very strong, bigger, more muscular, dominant, competitive, can rule or lead, less emotional and have less compassion as compared to gis, In addition, boys are brave and aggressive. «Girls are negative, weaker, fragile, helpful, have fine motor coordination, caring, loving, can mimicané they mature quickly. Boy-girl relationship + Arelationshp is connection or link between two or more people, It refers to how boys and girls relate play and associate with each other. They interchange thei oles and act in reverse ofeach other. Boys actin the position of girls and vice- versa, Boys and gil play together very well especially at young, age, but they begin to change as the: ao up. Boys will be playing as boys and girls wll be also alone as gis. : n indigenous culture the two should only meet in public to protect them from the temptations o: aving sexual relations. Sex before marrage is strictly discouraged and gi : virginity teats done by aunts and grandmothers ° oat math ea a marriage is seen asa disgrace to both the family and the girl herself hence they poeta bss virginity before marriage. Courtship and loves reserved for those old enough get married procedurally through the assistance of the aunts and uncles. . 16 ‘Scanned with CamScanner7 ara boys and Sirls without blood relations should not be alone in room. Neither should there be plusial contact tween the two, They should relate with decency and modest. ° istianity, ys and girls usually interact in groups and in public. Those within the age of marriage are suid in the religious marriage process, Not only sex before marriage is condemned but also sex cout of marriage. There is a judgement day where all sins committed are punished. In Islam, boys and girls who are not related are not allowed to be alone. They should interact in groups while keeping distance from each other and wearing decent clothing which does not entice someone or expose the body or even reveal the body's shape. They are taught to shun from flirting with cach other which may arouse sexual interest or feeling. UNIT 16: RELIGION, HIV AND AIDS « Ifone contracts the Human Immunodeficiency Syndrome (HIV), he or she is said to be HIV positive which means he or she has the virus that causes the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS). «AIDS is not a disease but 2 condition that exposes the body to diseases. It affects the immune system which is the body’s defence mechanism against diseases. For one to be considered as HIV positive she or he should have voluntarily undergone HIY testing and got HIV positive results. Ways of contracting HIV and AIDS «Sharing infected sharp objects such as razors, needles, syringes. ¢ HIV can be caused by unprotected sex with an infected person. Mother to child transmission, © HIV canbe contracted through breastfeeding and blood transfusion Contact with infected blood on an open wound can cause HIV. Effects of HIV and AIDS © Loss of life or death, orphans, child headed families and breaking up of families. «Lack of access to education or dropping out, stigma and discrimination. + Loss of skilled manpower and economic challenges. Solutions to HIV and AIDS HIV and AIDS has no cure currently, it is therefore necessary to prevent the transmission from one person to the other, HIV and AIDS can be prevented by: «abstaining from sex before marriage. + going for early testing and counselling services. programmes to prevent mother-to-child transmission. + conducting HIWAIDS education and awareness campaigns. How to help the HIV positive «Help them with home-based care. Offer psychosocial support. ; : Provide medication such as Antiretroviral Viral Therapy (ARV) which helps to weaken the virus and assist the infected persons to regain strength to carry out livelihood duties. Provide education on how to live positive. ‘Scanned with CamScannerReligion on HIV/AIDS «Religion should help to stop stigma and discrimination against the HIV positive. © Some religions have a negative attitude towards the HIV positive, © Some religions view HIV as a punishment by God for one's sin. © Others take it to be a result of unfaithfulness . 7 ‘Others laugh at people who arc HIV positive and their health conditions Some just make negative comments, ‘The role of religion 4 Tehelps when members ofa religious grou? assist with daily chores and provide food fora balanced ¢ which is needed by one with HIV. «Giving comfort and encouragement, © Helpingin securing medication for the sick Facts about HIV and AIDS Myths about HIV and Al DS © Ithasnocure. o Sleeping with a virgin cures HIV and AIDS. Sex witha child cannot cure it. «After prayer stop ARVs. Know your status through HIV testing. «An HIV positive status is a death penalty. © Mosquito bites do not spread HIV. «HIV positive people are cursed. @ HIVis only transmitted through blood and} Sharing plates and cups with the HIV positin: other body fluids. causes HIV infection. HIV and AIDS awarencss campaign methods «Peer education, outreach programmes, drama, posters and community sessions. ‘e Social media such as WhatsApp, Facebook and Twitter. «Print media like newspapers and magazines. UNIT 17; HEALTHY LIVING Personal hygiene «Hygiene is a practice cleaning and grooming the body to prevent di © Characteristics of personal hygiene include, the body, hair care and nail care. that maintains good health and prevents diseases. Personal hygiene refers iseases and infections. bathing, brushing teeth, wearing clean clothes, washr, Rewards of personal hygiene + Analy body and the prevention of diseases. + Long life expectancy, healthy teth end a refreshed body. # Elimination and ot reduction of body odour. Healthy habits at home Ahabit is something done often or regularly until it becomes a practice, ‘Scanned with CamScanneeHealthy habits are: daily cleaning of the house and the toilet, throwing litter in the bin. having enough rest. daily bathing, hair care and nail care. body exercises and having a balanced diet wound care and oral care, Healthy habits at school Arranging desks neatly, + Cleaning classrooms daily. «Sweeping the school yard daily. ¢ Removing litter regularly, Healthy eating habits ‘These are manners one should always observe at meal tables and at meal times. Washing hands with clean water before and after meals. Eating unprocessed foods. « Eating a variety of foods or having a balanced diet. + Avoiding over eating and malnutrition + Eating food with a closed mouth. «Being seated when one is eating. ¢ Nounnecessary talking or playing when one is eating. «Always cating food that is warm or hot. + Removing all scraps of food that would have fallen during eating, «Giving thanks after a meal, Healthy habits in religion [Religion | Personal hygiene Food laws or Dietary laws «The foods that are acceptable in Judaism are known as kosher. Their animals for food are slaughtered by a specially trained person called shochet, © Jews take physical Jews eat lamb, beef and chicken, kosher animals cleanliness and food are those with split hooves, Judatsm cleanliness as leading to © They do not mix meat and dairy products purity of the spirit, together and utensils with meat are not used Women ensure that all food with milk products either. is clean at home. Their meal table is an altar. «They do not eat pork, rabbits, shellfish, catfish, insects and animal fat. © Vegetables and fruits with bugs are not part of kosher. ‘Scanned with CamScanneeEncouraged = 10 peacefully after work God hhad a day of rest during Some denominations forbid the eating of pr, and fish without scales, als that donot ch, hich die of natural C2U3e, creation and Jesus would ad, sate Took fora place to est er wif die onthe own and 5 which, nimals, @S instructed in the Oy, Killed by other ™ Testament. Some also vegetarians teaching, They rest on their sacred or holy days Christians are tought that their body is a temple of God so it should be kept clean and free of sin. Christiani ‘encourage their members tot, Indigenous people are not allowed tO eat th, meat of their totem animal or else they wil experience various misfortunes such as loss cf teeth or contracting skin diseases + They are encouraged 10 2 indigenous foods and fruits, Processed foods ate discouraged. Moslems are forbidden to eat pork, blood, animals that die by themselves and foods ther than Allah himself. dedicated to gods of » Forbidden foods or unclean foods are called cording to Islamic Tndigenous people rest on the rest day, ehisi or Flo. They use herbs to clean the body system from ditt, 0 heal wounds and for oral care Religion = Friday is 2 day of rest, nO work is allowed. ns haram. Acce| table foods act «They wash before visiinB) food vega cae Hate zie ebony © Muslims are not allowed to take alcohol. The slaughtering of animals for meat should bs quick withthe use of sharp knives to allow blood £p drain and to reduce pain, Bismillah (Istamic prayer should be uttered to dedicate the animal to Allah, All this is done to prevent diseases. They use prayer mats in the Mosque to avoid contact with dust. Even communities should have healthy habits The environment should be kept clean always. Clean- up campaigns ae a good habit to keep commurity facilities clean such as; clinics, churches and hells «Medical ene isthe practice of providing the necessities for human health by the health professions These people are trained in various ways that avail medical care to people. «Healthcare professionals include, doctors, nurses, physiotherapists, radiologists and opticians. Benefits of medical healthcare Itis a good way of living a healthy life. Iehelpsin the early detection of diseases. It provides means for investigation of causes of diseases. It offers correct treatment and care. : It carries out correct surgeries. It prescribes correct medicines. ‘Scanned with CamScannerBody changes at puberty Boys . ° ° ° ° Grow hair under their armpits. Grow hair on the face, chest and back. Grow pubic hair around the genitals, Grow more hair on arms and legs which may later on get darker. They develop acne (pimples) on the face and body. There is more sweating which leads to the production of an odour, The voice gets thicker and the voice box (Adam's apple) grows bigger. The penis and testicles grow bigger. They develop broad chests and shoulders. They develop swelling around the nipples, Grow hair under the armpits. Grow pubic hair around the genitals. Grow more hair on arms and legs, which may later on get darker, They develop acne (pimples) on the face and body, There is more sweating which leads to production of body odour. They develop breasts which get bigger as they grow. Hips gets wider and the body becomes curvy, Menstruation begins, Hygiene during adolescence © Adolescence is a period of change from being a child into being an adult + Ttusually takes place from 13 to 19 years and it is related to puberty, which refers to changes that happen in boys’ and girls’ bodies as they grow into adulthood. + Puberty for girls is from 9 to 14 years and for boys, itis from 12 to 16 years. Healthy habits during adolescence Washing of the body daily with water and soap. Wearing of clean clothes daily. Brushing of teeth twice a day. Boys should shave and clean the genitals. Girls should manage periods, change pads or tampons and then dispose them properly. ‘Scanned with CamScanner2, HERITAG TSOCIAL STUDIES TOPIC I: IDENTITY: FAMILY HISTORY AND LOCAL HERITAGE ‘Agroup ef people comprising Each family has a genealogy w! ‘A family genealogy can be trac Family roles include helping the less privileged, educating children on acceptable norms and value ofthe father, mother and children living together is a family. hich explains where it comes from ed through the use of family tree. encouraging peace, fostering a clean commun’, 's and working together for the betterment of i community at large m the same ancestor makes a clan. They have the same totem. © A group of people who come fro People of the same clan have the same lineage matrilineal if they recognise having descende society, people of the same clan used to live in one area but today because of migration. What is migration? pastures Migration is the mavement of people from one place to another. Migration can be internal or international. The former is about movemer International migration is movement to another country or continent. Migration can be caused by either push or pull factors. Push factors include; floods, civil wars, less fertile land, family quarrels and the search for grazir, in which they are respectively described as patrilinea| from male or the female ancestor's side, In traditicn they are found all over the coun, wnt within the country’s borders Pull factors include jobs, fertile land, better education and better living conditions. © Migration has both positive and negative effects. crime rate. labourers to do work and uplift the area Solutions to migration «Employment creation in rural areas, + Development of growth points, © Provide good education and better health facilities. ¢- Instituting strict migration laws Indigenous hunting tools ive effects of migration are the sprouting of squatters, illegal street vending and the increase i Positive effects of migration are migrants bringing in new ideas to develop the area and availing mor Ltatshoto) (svinbo or induku) [hitting animals [2. Spear (pfumno or urakihonio) stabbing animals 3, Bow and arrow (ufa nemiseve or shooting animals ‘Scanned with CamScanner