all-In

Question 1 to
I
1
sketch yet)
=
sett -11) for sect) :
I
☐
•
⇒
v

yet) :

order :
Time shift - Time reversal
w←↳i)
-

net) WC E) settee)
yet>
=
= -

Yet ^
Wlt>
In ,
-

>
I
• •

-
I
°
; f -

p
°

Order of operations :

start → Time shift →

Timescale →
Timereu-ars.ae
It wct b) b)
vet)=W(at) yet)=vC E) set at
- = -
-

=x(at b) -

Question 2

Given that sect)=o for -1<3 , for what values of t is xtst) =D ?

sect) most)
met)=o for
r
+ <3

z
t
most) =o for 3. C- <3 ⇒ t< 1
µz
Question 3

Given that seen]=o for ne -2 and n> 4 , for what values of n is set -

n -
23--0 ?

seen] =o for n < -2

n
n > 4

NE -
n -

23=0 for -
n -
2<-2 ⇐s n > o

-
n -
2 > 4 ⇐> n c- 6

Question 4 :

5)
Given that )=t-1
act and yet)=nt3t- > for what value of t is yet)=0 ?

yet)
=
zec-3.tt 5) =
(-31-+5)-1 =
-3++4

if
¥
C-
yet) -3++4--0
-
o c⇒ ⇒ =
Periodicityexampes

Question 5

sect) =
cos (2t )

To be sect_iT ) sect some 1- c- ☒ T>

periodic 0
• : =
,

① Complete sect +T) = cos (24-+1-7) =

cos late 2T )

when is COSC It +2T) = cos cat) ?

no a-

Recall : COSCO) =
cos (0+2Ik ) >
K =
integer

T 2T
② Finding : = 2ñK → T=ñK 2T , - - -

T> 0 is found such that sect +T) = Nlt)

Hence sect) is periodic

③ To and
Finding wo

To = IT

Wo =

21¥ = 2

02072677774
Question 6

is sect) =3 cos cut

¥)
e-
periodic?
if yes ,
find To and Wo

sect) = 3. cos CEÉÉTI )

compute sect +T) :

sect) = 3. cos Cut + Let +
Ig)
)
=-3 cos cut
+
Iz +4T

a-
41=-2KIT
•

Finding T :

1- =
¥ - K

since T > o exists : sect) is periodic

Finding To
•

,
Wo :

To = I
2

Wo = Z = 4
To
 Question 7

is if
sin] =
sin ( n ←
a) periodic? yes , find No and Wo

•
seen + N ] =
sin
(6n+ 1)
•

Finding N :

6¥ N = LIK

N =

Iz K
N needs to be an
integer N =

¥3s ¥ ,
7 14=74

N seen] is
periodic
> 0
integer exists →
hence

No = 7

Wo = IT
7

Question 8

is seen] =
cos / I F) periodic ? if
-

yes , find No , Wo .
What if sect> =
cos (8--7) ?
I
•
seen + N ] = cos
(I - ñ
)

Finding N :
¥ = 2kt ⇒ N = 16kt

•
N is an integer but N =
16kt will never be an integer because of IT

⇒ sin] is not periodic

I
met> = cos
(¥ -

F)
:

1- 16kt TERI sect) is periodic

=
, ⇒

To = 161T , Wo =

2 =

Question 9

Is sect) = cos clot) + cos cut ) periodic ? If yes find To ,

Wo

Compute sect +T ) :

sect + T) =
cos ( lot + 10T ) + cos cut + 4T )

T
•

Finding
10T = 21T K ⇒ T =

1T¥ ¥ 2¥ 3¥ :
,
, ,
. - -

and

4T = 21T K ⇒ 1- =
1T¥ :
ZI , - .

•
Since there exists at so that the condition for periodicity is satisfied , the signal is
periodic
F- KIT

•
Fundamental period : To = IT smallest common multiple
21T 2
Wo = =

Fo
 Question 10

is * En] cos n
) sin
(2¥ ) periodic? if find No and Wo
-

+ n yes ,
-

•
seen + NI = cos
(Ign IGN) + + sin
(¥sn 2¥ ) + N

Iz N
}
= 21T K ⇒ 14=6 K

and ⇒ seen] is periodic

⇒ 1-1 =2ñK ⇒ N =
3K

•
Find smallest common multiple :

No = 6

Wo =

Y÷ =
Is

Question 11

seen] Cos ( In) cos

(In)
-
=

convert to of
•

a sum cosine :

cos (a) .
cos (b) =

I cos (a- b) +
Iz cos (a t b)

:
• seen] =
I cost n) +
E costs )
n

seen + N] £ (In IN) tacos (3¥ 3¥14)

•
= cos + + n +

}
N = -2 KIT ⇒ N =
8K

and ⇒ seen] is
periodic
3¥14 =2ñK ⇒ N =

8¥

Find the smallest command period

•

No = 8 Wo =

?¥ =
¥

Question 12

Given yet> ) if yet) then sect) false ?

= seczt : is periodic ,
is periodic >
true or

start with
y is periodic yct-T-y.lt)
•
: →

Plug in yet) : not + 2T ) =xC2t)

•

•
we are interested in t not at

•
Time scale by £ :

n(2(Et) +2T) =x(2¥))

because time scaling in CT does not affect periodicity
sect + 2T) = sect) ⇒ sect -eT ,) = sect)

Ti = 2T : sect) is periodic i
TRUE
 Even and Odd Signals
Questions

Let Nlt) =
Sin (It) .
When is the even part of sect equal to zero ?

seect-1-z-sinltzt-s.in/-Et)]

Note : Sint O) - = -

sin ( O)

seelt)
=E[sin( It) - sin
(It)] -0 for all t

Question 14

Let x[n]=u[n] -
u[n -4] .
Det . when the even part of sin] is zero .

]]
seein]
2- [sin] set n
-

= +

£ [lain] -
in -
u ]/ + Iucn] -
u -14 -

n )]
]

= 0

Graphically :

tin]
^
• ol UE -
n ] '

•
•^

-Én n

u[n -4 ] utu -
n ]
1
ed
1
• •
od

n
- - - -

¥42m xEn3]
4 5 n
] +

Tin] e NE -

]
n

Iii
l l l l e I 1 '

Hii
• • • •

+ =

n n

I 2 3 4 0 I 2 3 4

⇒ see [n ] =o for se so and se

> 4

Question 15

]=2_2µne+En+I +d[n]+3dEn
Let sin -
]
i

Plot :

seen] 3) 2 •

1 • 1 •
•

-n
 Question 16

x[n] •
2

• 1 •
•
1 1

112 • • 112

2203=2
-zn •

(a) Sketch sin -2] d[ n -23

sin -
2) JEN -2] = silo]dEn -2] > n
I 5-
• • q •

p.eu#nII
0 1 2 3

in

^
•

(b) Ncn + 3) d[n -123 =x[ DIEN -12]

← n= -2 = d[n+2] >
Ig ;
•
; ;
•
in
plug -

a -3
n

(c) ✗ En -2] SENT = seE2]d[n] •

112
←
GEN]
n=o =

2- • • • •
7h
plug in ☐

(d) sin]dEn) = 20Th]

Periodicity
Question 17

Let yin]=x[2h] . if sin] is periodic > then yin] is periodic True

. or False

start sin] : ninety] = sin]

need scan] =

Time x[2n+N] =sé2n]

scaling by 2 :

N[2h]
y , En]
=

=nE2n]
nE2(n+¥)]

> Yi Ent ¥ ]=n[21h -11¥ )]

= xE2n]

yin ¥ ] + =
y , En]

¥
M is an integer
if N even ⇒ Hi =
¥ integer ⇒ yin) is periodic

if N odd ⇒ Ni =
N →
yin] is
periodic

True y , [n -11413 yen] periodic

•
: =

" 12 Neuen

=/
>

where µ ,
N s N odd
 Question 18

Given sect> = It UCE -

3) + act 5) -
-
uctxi)
no

! sect dct .
-

6) dt= ?

6 x
•

/ secco) -
dit 6) dt -
= secco)
/ dct 6) -
dt =
secco)

-
no
x
-

secco ) =
I + u (3) + cell) -
u (7)

=
I + I + I -
I

= 2

Question 19

• i •
i
•
i write se En] in terms of unit impulse :

Ntn]

sin] = @ [n] + den i] -

+ d[n 23 -

0 I 2 }

Question 20

Given y En]=xE4n -11] def whether the system is :

,

•
Memory less (M) :
No , depends on future input

•
Causal (C) :
No , depends on
future input
-
- - - - -
-
-
B

•
stable CS) : Let In [ n] I a- B :
n

-
-
- - -
'
=
! -
- -
- -

B
lyin] f- Intend] / e- B yes_

•
Time invariance (TI) :

se En] = seen -

no ]
,

y , In]
-
-
seitan-11] = se [4h + I -

no ]
y En
-
no ] = ✗ [4th -

no> + 1) = x[Un -11 -

Lino]

since y , En] ⇒
y
En -

no ]
system is not TI

•
Linear ( L) :

Eun +1] seen) yin]

y , ten]
-

- see : →

yz En]
=
NzEun + ]
I :
NzEn ] →
yz En
]

sezIn] =
a se , -
En] + b- Sezen]

yz En] = Sez [Lent D= a seitan ✗ ☐ + b. sealant 1)

=
a -

g , En] + b-
yz[n]
yes
it is linear Ase , En] + bsez En ] → a yin] + byeIn]
Question 19

yen] Gin] seen -23) in] is this M Css ?

system
__
.
>

=/
Tintin 2)

=/
tin]
-

Note
yen]
1 , n> o , n >o
⇒

0 , n <0 0 ] NCI

doesn't only depend

' '
•
M : No on the input at time n

•
C :
Yes yen)=o t neo

•
S :
Assume been] 1<-13

ly En] I
=/
I seen) sin -231
=/ 12¥31
12in 2) 1
-

n>0
- -
n 70
, ,
£ B.
0 n < O
o neo
, ,

the IABI =/ At 1131

using property

Hence y En ]
a- 132 for n> 0
output is bounded then , the system is stable

y En) = 0 for neo

Question 20

is the ]
system yEn3=xE1 -

n invertible ?
For invertability :

"
S S
✗En) > yen] S WENT = seen]

S : time shift to the left by 1 and time reverse

'
s : time reversal , time shift to the right by 1

YEN]
-4 WEN] =
seen] =
?
WEN] ] 1)]
y[ x[ l l
= -
n -
I = - -

n -

=
MEN + 2) ¥ NEN]

time shift to the

left instead of right

WENT =
yen -11] =
✗[ 1- (n + is] =
seen] ✓

Yes
]
'
Time reverse system :S = WEN]=yE -

n -11
Question 21

is the system yet)=cos[sect)] invertible ?

self)
yet) I
•
=D → =

21T
y (E)
→
•
Nlt) = =1

Distinct inputs do not to distinct outputs

map

Notinuertibl.es '

is wct)
sect) yet -✗ = sect)

Convoleetionexampes .

Question 22
'
•
od tin]
seen] =
GEN] + d[n+2]

seen] → hen] →
yEn) #
n

'
yen)=xEn)*hEn] d YEN]
I -9
•

=
[dtn] + den-123
] * tin]

h[n] * den] + den -12]

n
= * him] • • " " >
I 1 -2 I 0 I z 3
h[n] tin -12]
-

= +
• •

h[n-12]
• •

-
l -
l

>n

• @

-
I -1

Question 23

{
seen] = den] + 2d[n e] -
-
din -3]
him] = 20Th -11] + 2d[ n -

]
l

y
En ] = sin] * tin] = sin] *
(2%+1)+2 den -

D) = seen] * 26th-113 + sin] * 25cm i] -

= 22in-11] + 2 MEN -
☐

Question 24

Given En] 22in] sin +2]

y
-
=

seen] → hEn]= ? →
yen]

By inspection :

HELP = 20in] -
GEN +2]
 Question 25

sin]= Cos
(In) seen] → hen] →
yEn]
LTI
yen] =

?
2

h[n)=dEn) + 28Th ☐ -
+ den-2] od ed hen]

In
yen]=nEn)*hEn]
yen ] = sin] *
[ den] -128in -

]+d[n -2]
i
]
ytn3-se-njx-d-nj-x-lnjx-20.cn ☐ -
+ sin] * GEN -2]

=
NEN] +2in -
1) + x[n -
2 ]
=
cosfñzn) +20s (Izn E) -
+ cos n - ñ
)
using :

since =
cosco -

E)
cos (O±ñ) = -
COSIO)

yEn]=cos(In) +
2sin(Izn) -

cos n
)

=2sin( En)

Question 26

htn]=uEn]

2in]=u[n] → hen] →
yen]
✗

y[n] = Ii silk]h[n k] -

K= -
no

•
plot silk] vs K ① neo : silk]h[n -

]
k =D

UEK] of '
• •^ ed NIK] of '
• •^ ed

>k >k y[n]=Éi 0=0

K= -
no

h-ln-KJ.io
'
hen K] vs K
plot
• -

HE Ktn]
- • •

• > K
l l n
• •

a
② n>0 : seek]hEn -
K] =L

NEK] of '
• ed ed for KIO
UE Ken]
-

,
n

yen] I 1
¥5k
' =

• •
K=o
r e 0

a > K
htn
]•i
1
n K
yen]=n+l for
-

•
n>o

r e 0

cases n< 0
> K
:
a

n
n> o

=/
yen]
0 ,
n - o
y[n] •

Ntl ,
N 70 •

•
- a e

÷÷n
 -

Question 27

seen] = win -1] seen] → tin] →

yen]
h In] = uEn+3]

sick] • • •

① non -

=/
SEEK] hen ] -0 -2
¥7K
-
K 0 n <
,

n]
• •
⇒ YEN]=o y[
tin -

]
K
n -13 , N2 -2

> K
② n > -2
n -13
SEEK] .
KEN -
K]=1

Cases ① n -13<1 ⇒ he -2 1£ KEN -13

② n -1371=3 MY -2 n+3

y[n]= -2 1=n+3
K=1

Cascade of 2 LTI systems Question 28

-
-
-
- - - -
-

① " """ " "" """ """ "" " "" " ""
! !
- - - - -
- -

M? C? S
? LTI
HEN] =
him] * him] •
1 hen ] seen] → hen] →
y[n]

② ( M)
i 8 i

Memoryless
-

Ii

h[n ] =L .d[n] , ✗ : some constant •

M : No hen] -1-2 -

GEN]
,

• C : No
,
tin] -1-0 ,
no

③ Causal (C) no

•
s :
Ii then] / < no

M= no

h[n]=o
-

for neo
✗

Ii thin] / =
1+1=2 < no

n= -
no

④ stable (s ) yes

É then] 1 ex
n= ✗ -

⑤ Invert
ability
hen] *
gEn]=d[ n]
 Question 29

then]
- - - -
-

g-
-

1 him] → him] f-
" -
i
-

-
-
- -
-
-

him ]=dEn+1] -

den -

]
I

hzEn]=u[n -

i ] -
uEn -3]

• •

Find hEn] :
him]

him] =hi[ n] *
him]
In
h[n]=( den -11] -

den -1] / *
hzEn ] hzEn+l] = u[n] -

ein -
]
a

= I -
him]*d[n -
i ] hz In -13 -_ utn -2] -
u[ n -

]
u

É
• •
him -11]
•
M : hEn] =/ ✗ den]
-

NO
I 1
tin]
In • •

•
C : h[n] =
0 ,
neo Yes
n
no • • hfn i]
-

2 3
>
l
Ii
O
•
S : MEN]/ =
1+1+1+1=4 < no

n=
Yes
-
✗

•
> n •

2 3 - l -
l

Question 30

hen]
=/¥ )nuEn]
Find A such that : hen] -

Arin -
] =dEn]
i

much]
"
Lin -1]
(E) -
A.
(F) =dEn]

for n=o I -

0=1

n=i
¥ -

Afg)°=o ⇒
A=¥
 Question 31

seen] =

jn → Lti →
yen]
=

given that y -43=-2

JEN
sin] -
-

jn =
let )! e

Ts cos
(E) +
j .
sin (E) =j
Euler

Zn LTI
:
eigenfunctions of any DT
system

eiw eiwn
2-
=reJ% , ,
= ⇒ zn =

Y En]=H(eI get
n

y[23 = 1-1 let E) ed 2=-2 ⇒ Hlei E) = 2

I
y In] = 2 ed ^

=
2jn

Question 32

sin ]=eI ^
→
ISI →
y
En] =
et much]
is this LTI
system definitely not ?

yen]=H( ei et n

• LTI :
if LTI : )

Hiei E) ei¥n=
?
ei Enein]
ca¥tbe a Ia function of n

function of n

Hence , Si cannot be an LTI

seen] =
e
jIzn
→
III. → 2eJbn
is this system definitely not LTI ?

JEN
y
En] = Heed ) -

e = zei -n

H(eJ¥)=zeI2ñn =
2 ✓

In jIzn jzñn
ejb¥n=ej[ Iz
+

Egg
•

=
e
 Question 33

Which of the following signals are

equivalent to one another :

jzIn -jbn ej
j
ejB
- n n n

← e- e-
ejwn= ejlwtzñkln
> > , -
, -

I
n=ej( =eI¥n
+ n

e.INT#ejlW-2iTK)tFourierser-iesCoeff
Note

Question 34

Find hak} for :

seen]
=cos(5n) +
jcos (Ign) + I

•
sinusoidal :
decompose + inspect

sin] =
ake.IE?knK--2N
I
>

Find N seen -1N

]=cos(5n+bN ) jcos(In Iz A) + I
•
: +
+

51T
4-
N=2IK ⇒
14=8-5 K =
8 for k=5 ,
N needs to be an integer

N = ZITK ⇒ N =
4K =
4,8 , - ..

Choose the smallest common period ⇒ N=8

akeI¥kn= aket kn

seen] = I I
K=<8 >
K=<8>

seen] into complex exponentials

Decompose
jbn -jbn JÉN -

JEN
seen
]=_{ e +
Ee +
§ @ +
E- e + I

jI.sn I I-5m)
j Rn) J 1- 2h)
j
=

Ee +
Ee +
size +
2-
e + I
⇒
1, ¥ Is ao= 1
⇐
a -5=2-1 az=I a→=§
£
2
As =

jbn jf5÷←2ñ)n j ( 3m)

⇒
e =
e
=
e a z= a -5

JEN jt +2in j can]

e = e ⇒ AG A -2
e
= =

{
Go 1 As
Iz
=
=

Az =jl2 a -2 =
as =

Iz Fourier series Coeff .

Az =
A-5 =

Iz ai =
94--97--0
 Question 35

Find Lak } when sin] -

-

jcoslE.tn) cos
/In)
Use cos (d) cos (B) Iz cos ( ✗ B) tacos chips) +
-
=

answer : N=8

at =
Az =
a b-
=a7=§
do = @z =
A4 =
@ •
= 0

output of LTI system when seen] is

*
Finding the an
periodic

seen ] → lLT → yEn]

d b
T
AK - HCEJW ) →
break H(eIk"¥)
Procedure :

1. Find
hair } from seen]

in
2. Find HCEIW ) =
É h In] e-
n= -
x

3-
Compute lybk }
:
bk =
ak.tl lek ?)

4-
Compute y In] from hbk}

Note e : Hceiw ) is
periodic in w with period of integer multiple of 21T

IW
?e_Jn
✗

H ( et
w "'t )
) = É hen] e-
Jew -12'T> n = Ii h[n] .

e- = Hleiw )
4
ro
n =
n= ✗
- -

Hletiw ) specify period

Note 2 : when
you specify , you only need to it in one of 21T ,
i. e

[0,2T ] [-1T it ]
, , . . .
 Question 36

(a) Causal LTI

sin] → ILTI →
yEn]

]
y
In] -

4- y En
-
i = seen]

Find F- S coeff of yen] for seen] =

sin
/3¥ ) n

① Find F. S coeff of sin]

sin]=se[n+N]

3¥ N =
Zñk → N =

G- K ⇒ N = 8

Wo =

? =

2¥ =
I
j3n
(3÷n)=¥(ei¥n
-

sin -

e )
as a -3
¥ nonzero Fscoeff
= =
s

£-3
Az = =

¥
②
Frequency response of LTI system

yen] [ n D= seen ]
-

I ,
y
-

using the concept of eigenfunctions :

iwn
→ e →
1f → teceiw ) -
etiwn
eigen -

function eigenvalue frequency response)

(

HCEJW ) EJW ? g- µ(eiw ) eiwcn

"
eiwn
-

.
- =

Hleiweiwn / ) ; eiwn
Iw
e-
,
÷
-

Hleiw ) I
⇒
frequency response
=
:

gjw
Hceiw )
bz as
÷,
.
= =

2j(1 -

tae =)

b-z =
a-z Hleiw ) = -1
I ei ?_?
2j( -

I )
Question 37

Determine IFT of
✗ ljw) =/ ✗ ljwjl . ej$×cjw)

where lxljw)l=2[u(w+3) -

Ulw -33 ]
nlxljwll
EX(jw)= Zzw -11T -

sect> =

[ xcjwleiwtdw ; ☐ ;
>
W

-
no

xcjwglekxcjwl.etwtdw-x-F-sjl-3-zw-u-ljwt.net
sect
)=¥T /

=¥ / 2. e •

e dw
-3

Nlt) -_

⇒ jsei.ie-js-zwjwt.edu
→
¥

⇐ Ted
# E)
sect> = - wdw
-3 3

et w/
't E)

=j,¥
-

"⇒ •

w= -3

j.EE/-eiE-E-e-iE-EYsinlO)--2j-(ei0-e-J0
net> =

Nlt) =
-2
sin[3Ct Zz)] -

lilt -

z)
 Question 38

Given set ÉÉ ✗ cjw)

Find F.T of sett = seat -6) in terms of F.T of sect

scaling xcat )
¥ ( jw_a)
:
→ ✗
,

scaling
yet) = xczt) →
↳ ✗ ( jwg) =

Yljw)
nest -

G) =
yet 2)
- →

T
e- rdjwycjw)
time shift
property

sezlt) = 243 t 6) -
¥5 b- e-" "
✗ Cj Wj)

Question 39

Given sect) ←É Xcjw) Time Reversal IT:D) set E): - ← ✗ c- jw)

xilt) = sell -
E) + set -

l -

E) Time shift (TS ) :

sect -
to) ←
Iwtxcjw)
e-
ÉÉ
se , (E) Xiljw) ?

Tell -
t) :

yet) =
see t) - → ✗ c- jw) =
Ycjw)
yet 1) -
= sett -11) <→
Jw
e- Yljw)
=
étiwxcjw)
¥5
sell -
t)
éiwxfjw)

NC -
i -
t) :

yet D= + sett -

1) → etiwyljw) eiwxtjw) =

F.T .

see -
i -
t ) c→ EJWXC -

jw)

se , Lt) ¥5 étiwxtjw) etiwxtjw) +

←
kilt) 2×1 -

jw) cos (w)

Question 40

¥5 ✗
Given sects cjw)
sez (E)
= É
dtz

reset)
¥5 Xzcjw) ?

s jwxcjw)
yet) =

ddznct) =
Yljw)

F.T
d2
2- (E) =

dz.net
) =

¥ yet) →
jw Ycjw)
-
=
Cjwixcjw)
F.T

2-(t) = DI sect)
-
→
cjwlxljw) =

Zljw)
dez = -

we ✗ cjw)

sezlt) =
2- Ct -
D ¥5 e-IWZCJW) =
e-IT was -
✗ Cjw)

d?kCt e) ET
etiwxcjw)
-

w
?
→ -

dt
Question 41

sin] → 1L →
yen]

sin]
yen] -

÷ y En -

D=
""
for sin] = et →
yen] ? =

concept of eigenfunctions of LTI systems

Using
:
the

YEN] = H(eIñ)ejñn
Substitute for sin] and yen] :

÷ µ(ejñej
D jitn
H(eÑ)ei
" "Tn -

e
-

Hiei")eIñn[ , 4- e- I ] ejñn
'T
-
=

HCEI )
'T I
1-
=
= =

¥
I +
I,
I
""

yen] -
-

¥
es ⇒
y
En] =
¥ fi)n

Question 42

Fourier series Coeff of sect) = sin Keitt) wo=4ñ

using sin (O) =

1-zj-feio-e.io )
j4ñt
et "
"I e-
¥ §
Nlt) =

¥ =j÷
ai = a-
, i

at
a.
=£j
=

Question 43

→ uEn+3] den] den i] tin] hen] ?

→ -
- → → =

hen] =
u En -13 ] *
( den] -
den i] ) -

= u[n +3] * d[ n] -

ce En +3] * DEN -1]

= U[n + 3) -
u[n +2]

= d[n -13]
WEN -13]
•

- - n n

h[n] = JEN -13]

•
n
>
-5
' l

-2 -
l

A- - u[n+2]
=
'
-

z n

2 '
i
-

>n

- - r

•
Question 44

eI¥n → LTI →
y[n] =
? if y[ 13=2

use the
concept of eigenfunctions for LTI systems :

y
En ] = H(eI¥)ei¥n
HCEI E) ei the
y-113--2
c⇒ 2 ⇒ )
F- -2J
.
= =
=

"
y
^

-2J et zjlei )n= -2J ( j)n=

" '
yen ] = = - -2 ( )
j

Question 45

sects :
periodic

=/
0 K = 0

Fscoeft
,
→
ak
' K'

g. (E) ,
K±°

is sect even ?
To be even >
Nlt) should have an =
a -
k
which holds → Yes

is sect real ?
"" ' "'
To be real an = a E
-
but because
j (E) * -

j (E)
→ No

Question 46
2 't -
"
sect> = e- →
xcjw) ? =

=/
t I t > 1
It -11
-

, -
t , tch

+ no

-211--1
! e-jwt
Xljw) =/ e dt
-
no

•
1
-24 -
E) jwt -24--1) jwt
f
-

e-
=/ e dt + e e dt
-

-
no 1

1 no

Jw> Jw>
etc
" 2-

et
/ ?
-

e- ?
-

=/ de + e
dt

-
✗ 1

=
e-
2
1- fetk-iwyt-e.L.ftl-2-jwy.io
)
2-
jw no
1- 2- jw
-

.;÷.e
2- jw z -
2- jw

¥5,1
=

+ -
e s

+
e=÷÷2 +
jw
.
 Question 47
'" "
Xceiw )
Given sin]
=/ E) Find ?
=

{
In -
it = n -
l ,
n 31

}⇒
I -

n , n c l neo
n -

integer
"

✗ ceiw ) =
É (E) ? e- iwn
+ É ( {Y
? e- iwn
D= -
X N =L

Éi " "

(E) ? e-
n

let m= -
n ⇐ n= -
m
0
,

n= -
no

The sum becomes : "

=±É ⇐ eiw )m=E

X

m.eiwm-z-E.LI?eiwmm--O
✗
"

Ei (E) M=0 m=o

=

I -

✗
n
iwn
Ei (E) ,
M = n -
I =) n = Mt I
n = 1

The seem becomes ?

e-iw-ziz-e-iwjm-e-iw-i.ie?F--.-i-e-im--0Xleiw1--,zI-.w
" 'm "
jw
⇒ e-
m⇒( E)? é =

+
i.EE?,.-w=0.t5e-Jwl.25-coscw )

Question 48

A / ✗ ( EIW ) 1

=/
µ
Given I Xleiw ) / 1 ,
oslwls

0 , a- IWI a- IT -1

§ ✗ ( EJW ) =
-

3W_ d • >
2
IT I w
Ig
-

¥
"
>
%) =/ ✗ "" ) \ #
""
"°" ^ ✗ "" >
" ✗( "

I 3¥
e-
{
=
0 a- hole
>

0
,
I ⇐ Iwl e- IT
,,

seen]=
2¥ / ✗ eiwjeiwndw(
=

I Xleiw ) eiwndw -

⇒
21T

+14 IT / 4
" ⇒
¥ / EJW
,
j3I-
-

IT / e- .
ejwn dw
=
dw
-
IT / 4 -11-14

sin [ Cn Zz))
expected
-

seen] = as ,
sin] is a real function of n

IT
( n -

3g)
Question 49

if seen] = d[n -
i ] + JEN -11] then
Jw "
✗ CEIW ) = e- + e = 20s Lw)

Question 50

if ✗ (EJW ) = I a- ze-jw-ze-JZW-ue-JZW-ze-j.tw
then :

sin]=d[n]+3dEn -

if + 2d[ n -2] 4d[n 3) +3 d[n - - -

lo ]

Background Material for sampling

Theorem :

① Oct to) alto) dlt to)

property : Nlt) - = -

② CTFT property : sect>

yet) ¥ ✗cjw) Ycjw)
→ *
no

③ -11 - :
self) =
É ak.eikwotc-sxcjwj-z.it Ii akdcw -
KW )
K= -
no
K= -
x

x
wo=¥Tak=÷
④ Pair : sect] =
Ii
K= -
at
no
-
KT) → ✗ ljw) =

¥?✗d( w -

k
#-)
sect)
⑤ Band limited signal :

sect) →
xcjw)
limited ✗ ljw) for Iwl W
Nlt) is band if -
o >

W : bandwidth

Question 50

✗, ljw)
=
0 for Iwl > 10001T

✗ zljw) =
0 for Iwl > 20001T

let (f) sezct)

y (f)
*
= see

react)←s Xiljw)
sezlt) ⇐
Xzljw)
What should be sampling period that theorem
yet) is
being sampled .
the range of T , i. e ,
so
sampling
is satisfied
check whether yct) is band limited

g. (E) →
Ycjw) =
✗ , ljw) Xzcjw) .

Ycjw) 0
for Iwl > 10001T
iljw)
=
✗ : non
-

zero

-0
-5¥ hence bandwidth of yet)
:
w = 1000T
> w
:
,

&
- 10001T

✗zcjw) Zero
By sampling
: non -
•
theorem :

÷.TT#w 20001T
Ws 72W or 1- ⇐
In

Yljw ) : non -
zero TE
,o÷, ⇒ TE 153sec .
or Tg 1msec

÷•?I÷ > w
⇒Fng period
Question 51

sect) is sampled with 1=-10-4 ,

will this work
according to
sampling theorem ?

a) sect) bandlimited to 5000T

W = 5000 I

check for Ws 72W

Ws =

2¥ = = 20000T

20000 I > 2×5000 it ✓ Yes

IÉ
b) sect) bandlimited to 15000T

W = 15 000 I

check for Ws 72W

was =

? =

10-4
= 20000 IT

No
2×zI÷
200001T ⇐ ⇒

Question 52
Determine the Nyquist rate for :

a) sect) = I + cos ( 20001T .

t) + sin (UOOOIT -
E)

ejwot É 2ñ dew -
Wo )

] É
swot
I [eJW°t_ e- dcw Wo) ñdcw Wo)
(wot) + -

cos
-
=

F.T
""
Ej [eIw°t_
e- ]c→
sin (wot) =

Ig crew - Wo) -

I. crew + wo )

FRT
I ← 2T crew )

✗ cjw) 2ñdw) ñdcw -2000T) + a- dlw +2000T )

JI
crew uoooñ)
JI dcwtuooou)
-

= + + -

)
a ✗
ljw

a n n r n

-0
-
.

40001T
.

-2000T 0
•

20001T
:* > w

÷÷É• • o_0 >

.
W

for Iwl
✗
Cjw ) =o > 40001T

Ws 2 40001T =
80001T
WH = = ✗
 sin LUOOOETT)
b) Nlt) =

It

=/
1 IWI <
F-T

sin¥
,

net) =
→ ✗ ( Iw)
o ,
iwi > w

{ WO
25in (WIT)
✗ (E) = 1
,
Itt < Ti
É Xcjw ) =

,
161 > Ti

{
FT 1 twkuoooit
sinluooot)
,

It o lwl > 4000'T

,

-0 >
40001T

WN =Ws= 2×4000 IT -80001T

-

"

es net
)=[ÉÉ ] It

{
nxljo) pxiljw)

> 0 > w
°
"°o°" "°o°'t "•* "°o° "

a Xljcw -0))
a ✗
icjw)

o J
k O
T w
w -14000 'T
W
w -40001T
1 , >
°
-
40001T 4000T

✗ ljw)

80001T
-80001T

W -140001T = -40001T ⇒ W =
-80001T

w -
40001T = 4000 IT ⇒ w = 80001T

WN =
Ws = 2×80007 =
16000 IT

Question 53

that rate of sect) is

Det the
Nyquist rate
knowing Nyquist Wo

✗ cjw)

a) sect 1) nonzero
yet) sect) + -
=

_÷÷
sect -
to )
ÉÉs Jwtxcjw)
e-
iw
Yljw) =

Xljw) + e- -
✗ cjw) WI -

jw
e
Xcjw)

Yljw)=o for Iwl >

¥
÷ ÷
wµ
=

2×W÷ =
Wo
 b) yet )=dI¥
←s
d%¥- ( jw) xcjw)
.

Yljw)=jw Xljw) -

WN = 2x
¥ = Wo

sett)
c)
yet) =

✗
ljw) o nonzero
o o_0 ycjw)
i
-

WE
÷÷÷
⇒
¥0
-

xcjw)
e. -0
i
Wzo
-

WI WN = 2 ✗ Wo =
2Wo

d) yet) = sect) -
coslwot)

Yljw)= Xcjw)*[Td( w -
Wo ) + ñd(w- Wo)]

Ycjw) it
Xfj (w Wo )) TX (jcwtwo))
-

-
- +

non -

zero
-
o is a }
WE It
-
0

non zero
i
-

!
.#⇒w
-0%-1
WI
-

-
Wo
•

O Wo
¥- two =3W÷

BLOWN
Ycjw)=o for Iwl >

3w÷ = 2 ✗
=
3. Wo

Question 54

True or False

if
as
sampling period 1=21-0

sect -
-
act +To ) -
ult To) -
can be sampled with no
aliasing effect
insect)
1
FI
→ ?

' >
t
- Fo o Fo
2 Sin (Tow )
✗ ljw) =

_w

band limited ? No ⇒ False

) with T< I
b) Xljw) U(w+wo) ulw Wo
sampling period get no
aliasing
-

we
- -
-

Wo

nxcjw)

TLI
Ws > 2wo ⇒
21¥ > 2wo ⇒
Wo
True

r e > w .

Wo
Wo
-
 ✗ cjw) UCW) Ulw ) with
sampling period of get
c) Wo T< we no
aliasing
-

= -
.

,
wo
A ✗ cjw )
1
Ws > Iwo

TCI False
2¥
⇒
W > Iwo
Wo

Question 55

KdIn] → Xd ( eir )
"
with the
property that : Xd ( e ) = o for
3¥ ← toilet

xD En] is converted to sect) :

xD E) = T Iisedcn] sin¥H ,
where I 10-3
TIE MT)
-

Find the value of r for which

¥jwl=o
ncct) c→ Xccjw)
nonzero

Xdleir ) :
-0 ,
-
-0 . >
or

-3¥
-
IT 31T IT
4-

I = WT

103
w =

3¥ f-✗ =

3¥ ✗ =

30% = 750T

÷⇒÷:÷ "

In]
xp (t) → nd : timescale normalisation by
f-
I I
Xpljw) →
Xdfei ) "
:
frequency scale normalisation by T

XD Lein ) →
Xp ljw) :
frequency scale normalisation by f-
Question 56

^T
sedan] sepct) yet)
sepct)
AID → Holle
"
) É DIA →
seat)
→
→
→ ✗
>W

wz-swzsp.lt
T
-

xclt) : band limited

T :
sampling period
secct) <→
Xeljw)=o for Iwl > ¥

if yet = seat -2T) determine the impulse response hEn] of the discrete -
time filter Hollett )

Anxecjw)
Iwl
Xccjw )
¥
-0 >
,

let's assume → •

÷
>
w
±
T

sin-zwt-c-F.to/1slw1cW 0
, 1W I> W

acct) =
si¥÷ =

f-
sinl =

f- sine (E)
1T¥
yclt) =
see Lt -2T )= f- sine
(¥2T ) -

f- since
(7--2)

seat) →
sedan] = sednt) =
f- sine /¥) / ⇐ n,
=

f- sine (n)

En]
is integer → sed
f- SEN]
-

n an -

n
integer

!
ycct) →
ydtn] yccnt) f- sine (¥ 2) / ⇐ =

f- sine In 2) f- JEN-23
-

- =
-
-

n,

yd En] = o when n -1-2

oTn -2]
Yd En ] =

f-
tldcei ) "

ydEn]=¥ SEN -2]

f- En]
→
sedan] = →

hdcn] =
?
⇒ hdEn]=dEn -2]