JDBC Introduction

The JDBC API is a Java API that can access any kind of
tabular data, especially data stored in a Relational Database.
JDBC helps you to write Java applications that manage these
programming activities:
Import Package: import java.sql;
Load and Register the driver
Establish the connection
Create the statement
Execute the quesry
Process result
Close the connection
The following simple code fragment gives a simple example
of these three steps:
public void connectToAndQueryDatabase(String username,
String password) {

Connection con = DriverManager.getConnection(

"jdbc:myDriver:myDatabase,username,
password);
 Statement stmt = con.createStatement();
ResultSet rs = stmt.executeQuery("SELECT a, b, c
FROM Table1");
while (rs.next()) {
int x = rs.getInt("a");
String s = rs.getString("b");
float f = rs.getFloat("c");
}
}
This short code fragment instantiates a DriverManager
object to connect to a database driver and log into the
database, instantiates a Statement object that carries your
SQL language query to the database; instantiates a ResultSet
object that retrieves the results of your query, and executes a
simple while loop, which retrieves and displays those
results. It's that simple.

JDBC Product Components

JDBC includes four components:
The JDBC API(Application programming interface)
JDBC Driver Manager
 JDBC Test Suite
JDBC-ODBC Bridge
This Trail uses the first two of these four JDBC components
to connect to a database and then build a java program that
uses SQL commands to communicate with a test Relational
Database. The last two components are used in specialized
environments to test web applications, or to communicate
with ODBC-aware DBMS.

JDBC Architecture
The JDBC API supports both two-tier and three-tier
processing models for database access.

Two tier model

Some Interface:
Driver interface
Connection interface
Statement interface
PreparedStatement interface
CallableStatement interface
ResultSet interface
ResultSetMetaData interface
DatabaseMetaData interface
RowSet interface

Some Classes:
DriverManager class

JDBC Driver: There are 4 types of driver

JDBC-ODBC bridge driver

Native-API driver : The Oracle Call Interface (OCI)

driver is an a Type 2 driver.
Network Protocol driver

Thin driver : MySQL's Connector/J driver is a Type 4

driver.
Connectivity with Mysql: Need to do following thing to connect
database:

Driver class: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver.

Connection URL: jdbc:mysql://localhost:2204/database_name(employee).

Username: The default username ->root.

Password: Given by the user at the time of installing the mysql database.

Note:- first create database:

create database employee;

use employee;

create table emp(id int(5),name varchar(40),age int(2));

Example:

import java.sql.*;

class mysqlConnection{

public static void main(String args[]){

try{

Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");

Connection con=DriverManager.getConnection(

"jdbc:mysql://localhost:2204/employee","root","root");

Statement stmt=con.createStatement();

ResultSet rs=stmt.executeQuery("select * from emp");

while(rs.next())

System.out.println(rs.getInt(1)+" "+rs.getString(2)+"
"+rs.getString(3));

con.close();

}catch(Exception e){ System.out.println(e);}