Highway Engine —_— — — erj What office is responsible for zoning of their respective jurisdictions and final land use and zoning planes to be submitted to HLURB (Housing and Land Use Regulatory Board) for approval? ~ ) Municipal Planning and Development Office (MPDO) b) City Planning Development Office (cPDO) ©) Provincial Planning Development Office (PPDO) 5 d) Allof the above [43° Problems National Roads are continuous in extent that form part of the main trunk ing system; all roads leading to national pors national seaports, parks or coast-to-coast roads. National arterial roads are classified into different groups from the viewpoint of function: a) _North-south backbone b) East-West Laterals ©) Other Strategic Roads "Fg Allofthe above The following elements are to be considered when planning Expressways: |. . No frontage access Hl, Development set well back from the highway lM. Grade separated intersections for extremely high flows and other intersecting expressways |. Number of intersections to be minimize Where necessary or for emergency Purposes, parkinglstopping to be Provided clear of the main carriageway, a) 1,1, Vand V only b) Ll, IV and V only ¢) |,lll, Vand V only © qd) Allof the above <2 The elements to consider when planning National Roads are: |. Limited frontage access I. Development set well back from the highway II. All access to premises provided via provincial roads 'V. Number of intersections to be minimized V. Sultable at-grade channelized Intersections for minor flows and other elements: VI. No roadside vendors a) 1,1, Vand Vi only b) ill, Vand Vi only ©) |. Mand V only ES d) Allof the aboveHIGHWAY ENGIN Bypasses countermeasures safety and reducing the volume of through traffic inside the community. Where a bypass can be justified, the most important considerations are: around communities are aimed at improving 1. The opportunity should be taken to reinforce the road hierarchy by downgrading the old road to discourage through traffic; I. Access to the bypass should be restricted to only a few points where safe intersections and spur roads can be provided to line the existing network. Direct access from frontage land should not be permitted; | UL Provisions should be left for future expansion or development of the community but such developments should be served by service roads and spur roads. a) land only b) Land il only ©) Mand Illonly All of the above Where a bypass cannot be justified, countermeasures should be implemented to slow down the speeds of through traffic as it passes through the community or trading centers as follows: 1. Warning signs and rumble strips can be used to alert drivers about speed- reducing devices ahead; Il. A-series of road humps Increasing in height from 40 mm to around 80 mm can be used gradually to slow down traffic in pedestrian predominated area; Road narrowing (with due regard for capacity needs) can be used to induce lower speeds as traffic passes through the community; and; /. In order to alert drivers that they are entering a community, it is generally regarded that some form of gateway treatment on the approaches is beneficial (e.g. substandard curve, tree lining, or even non-tigid gate structure). a) |lland iV only b)Whilland IV only ¢)Iullland IV only ©F qd) Allofthe above When choosing a design speed for a road project, the following factors need to be considered: le t. M. v. Function of the road Anticipated operating speed Anticipated speed limit Economics a) (Mand V only b) A llland IV only c)illand 1 only 1 dg) Allofthe above On open country roads with no “blind corners” not. habitation, closely bordered by the maximum speed for passenger cars and motorcycles is: 80 kph b)- 60kph c) 40 kph 4d) 30kphcountry roads with no “blind comes" not closely bordered by habitation, the maximum speed for motor trucks and buses is: a) 25kph b) 60kph EF) 50kph dg) 30kph On “through streets” or boulevards clear of \raffic, with no “blind comers” when so designated, the maximum speed for Passenger cars and motorcycles is: a) 25kph SS) 40kph b) 60 kph d) 30kph On “through streets” or boulevards clear of traffic, with no “blind corners” when so designated, the maximum speed for motor trucks and buses is: a) 25kph 6) 40kph ¢) 20kph © y 30kph On city and municipal streets, with light traffic, when not designated “through streets", the ‘maximum speed for Passenger cars, motorcycles, motor trucks and buses is: a) 25kph ©) 40kph "© b) 30kph d) 60 kph Through crowded Streets, ’ intersections at “blind corner the, school zones passing other Vehicle tay are ‘stationary, or for similar gan "ie circumstances, the maxirium gpa Passenger cars, motorcycles, Motor " te and buses is: ly a) 25kph °) 20kph 4) 1 py The maximum speed for cars and in high-tisk pedestrian areas jg: "st 3) 28kth OF 6) a0 4ap b) 50 kph 4) 40k The maximum speed for cars and moto in low-risk pedestrian areas is: "© 4) 60Kph °) 25 igh b) 30kph 4) 45 kph The speed limit appropriate on roads where there are no footpaths and pedestrians are Fequired to walk on the road is: © a) 40kph 0) 35 kph 5) 30kph a) 25 kph| HIGHWAY ENGINEERING The speed limit appropriate on a high standard duplicated carriageway road where there is only occasional access from adjoining properties Is: a) 50 kph c) 60 kph b) 30kph =) BOKDh ae eee The speed limit appropriate on a very high standard expressways, which have low crash rate is: 100 kph a) 45kph =) 75kph b) 60 kph d) ee Se ee eS At the start of a new speed zone, a speed limit sign should be erected on the left and right sides of the road. Then within the first kilometer, there should be two (2) farther pairs of repeater speed limit signs. After that, repeater signs should be placed at ___spacing. OF a) thm 500m 6) 2km d) 15km ae The speed limit appropriate on lower standard expressways. a) 50 0r60 kph b) 60or75 kph )90.0r 100 kph 80 or 90 kph | 1 | It is the maximum number of vehicles, which have a reasonable expectation of passing over a given section of a lane or a foadway in one direction or in both directions during one hour under Prevailing road and traffic conditions. a) Flow of traffic "3 b) Road capacity o) Density a) Freeflow The capacity of a route can be affected by the following factors: Number of lanes Il. Lane and shoulder width Ii Terrain and road gradient IV. Traffic composition \V,_ Side friction such as the presence of road furniture and pedestrians Vi. Intersection capacity (priority of movements, traffic signal phasing, umber of lanes etc.) a) | lhllland IV only b) Hill, Vand Vionly o) LIN, Vand Vi only EF q) Allofthe above _ Ideal capacity of a road is: 2000 vph b) 1800 vph c) 1400 vph d) 1200 vphall be location of turnouts s The Ped taking into consideration the folowing conditions: 1. Tumout shall be . ions/poblacions eee teal concentrated. ik Atumout may be placed at least 50.0 + peters affera road intersection. | Minimum distance between two onsecutive turnouts in one direction Sha not be less than 500 meters in Siiesluban centers, In other areas, the minimum distance shall not be Tess thant Kilometer WV. Tumouts should be placed on or adjacent to horizontal and_ vertical curves that limits the sight distances in either direction. a) (ull and V only b) I.lland IV © ¢) land ll only 4) Alofthe above The required length of the turnout shall be determined considering a length of __ meters for each bus. Fay 150 9 160 b) 45 d) 155 Tumouts shall have a minimum width of —— Meters to accommod: w= mmodate all types of a) 4.00 c) 3.80 Fb) 3.60 d) 4.20 Tumouts shall not be placed oppos other but shall be placed not less rial fag, meters apart. i a 315 305 1 b) 300 4 310 The pavement thickness of turnout h case less than for asphat, Fc) 100mm 4) 200mm a) 75mm b) 150mm The pavement thickness of turnout shal ny case be less than__ for concrete, a) 250mm ©) 150mm Fb) 230mm 4) 200mm For adequate drainage of surface run-off, drainage facilities such as curb and gute inlets and storm sewer shall be provided within the turout. The following shall be observed: |. The cross slope of the turnout shall be 0.50% steeper than the cross slope of the adjacent lane of the existing carriageway, I. The gutter alongside the turnout shal have the same slope as the existing carriageway. MI. On carriageway with existing storm sewer, the turnout shall be provided with inlets (spacing of 20.0 meter) and connecting pipes to the existing sewer.iWAY ENGINE WV. On level carrlagoways with no ting storm sowor, tho gutter alongsido the turnout shall be sloped 00.30% a) |.Mland V only by thlland IV only c)_|lland (V only td) Alloftho abovo ‘The following are vulnerable road us 1. Pedestrians 1 People with disabilities 1, Non-motorized vehicles 1V, Motorcycles V, Dilapidated vehicles Rg) Aland IV only b)Ilitand IV only c) Lill Wand V only 4d) Allofthe above Vehicles parked near intersections can obstruct the flow of turning traffic. Thus, parking should be prohibited within the following minimum distances from the boundaries of intersecting roads for parallel parking rking-___m, on both approach and exit sides, Vehicles aed near Intersections can obstruct the flow of turning traffic. Thus, parking should be prohibited within the following minimum distances from the boundaries of intersecting roads for angle parking - ___m, on both approach and exit sides. a 10 eq 12 t) 6 48 The flowing guidelines should be observed for angle parking: The word “Angle Parking” shall be indicated on the parking signs as well as the angle of parking to the curb. 1. Pavement, marking of parking bays is desirable, particularly where the required angle is not 45 to 90 degrees. I, Angle parking shall not be installed where visibility restrictions would create a hazardous operating environment, such as the inside of a bend or on a crest. a) land llonly b) Land il only ¢) Hand tl only 1 ) Allofthe above When considering parking adjacent to barrier lines the following factors should be considered: If parking maneuvers can be made clear of through lanes. Generally, at least 3 meters needs to be available for moving traffic between the parked vehicle and the barrier line fora single lane of traffic,[lcm Acad ML ciscaN Latta NPS capacity during parking WT rte maneuvers are 00 completely clear of through lane ‘and potential of vehicles Tec be barrier line to pass a vehicle in 3 parking or unparking maneuver even though this is an unlavful maneuver. Mh a) and only b) Vand only ¢) land only 1 q) Allofthe above Boer Ee The first aim of safe road design is to censure that road users remain safely on the road. This depends on the following factors: L_asound road surface; IL anadequate width or cross-section; |W, horizontal and vertical alignment; 'V. good visiblitylsight distanc V. delineation and signing; Vi. provision for pedestrians, pedal cyclists and people with disabilities; Vil. management of traffic conflicts at intersections; and Vill. speed management a) 1,1, Mand Vionly ) —1,1V, V, Vand Vit only ©) I,1V, Viand Vitonly EF qd) Allofthe above surface condition and good texture Taq road surface is particularly im, where vehicles are required to Braye maneuver suddénly stich © oy 1. Onthe approach to traffic signals |. Atroundabouts 1M, Around tight curves IV. On downhill slopes a) |, llandIllonly b) |.liland IV only ¢) land I only 5F q Allofthe above i Other aspects that could contribute to loss, of control on curves are: Adverse superelevation; Il, Poor sight distance; and I, Poor surface condition a) land !lonly b) and Il only ¢) Hand illonly 5F qd) Allofthe above ae eee The provision of safety sight distance depends, on the characteristics of the driver such as: |. Alertness of driver Il. Recognition of the hazard I Actions available to the driver - to stop or to change direction V. Decision of the driver a) |, lland IV only b) Il, land 1V only © ¢) |, andl! only 4d) Allof the above‘The provision of safety sight distance depends on the characteristics of the vehicle such as: 1. Type of vehicle ~ car and truck Il. Friction between the tire and the road Il Eye height ofthe driver IV. Speed of vehicles a) Island Il only b) bllland IV only ) Wyland IV only 5F q) Allofthe above The provision of safety sight distance depends on the characteristics of the road environment such as: Road geometry - grade and curvature sight limitations IL Road surface - sealed or unsealed, smooth or rough Il, Road illumination at night IV. Road topography 1 a) |, Mandillonly b) |land IV only c)_Ihlitand IV only d) Allofthe above Each type of sight distance consists of three elements: 1. Driver Eye Height Il. Object Height IML Sight Distance IV. Velocity of Vehicle © a) |, and i only b) I, lland IV only c) i, llland IV only 4) Allofthe above What are the components In stopping sight distance? | Reaction distance - the distance traveled while the driver perceives a hazard, decides to take action, then ‘acts by starting to apply the brakes to start slowing down; and Il. Braking distance - the distance required for the vehicle to slow down and stop IL Height of driver's eye above the roadway WV. Height of object a) Iylland Vonly ES pb) landil only ¢)|,Mand ll only 4) Allofthe above The reaction time to be used for road safety design is __ seconds. This value is applied to the whole range of design speeds. “ay 15 Bo) 25 b) 12 d) 20 The length of superelevation development from zero cross slope to full design superelevation is known as: a) Superelevation runout UF b) Superelevation runoff ©) Tangent runout d) Tangent run ofMethed 2 | a, | The length of superelevation development Shoulder paving Is a valuable rmal cross slope to the zero irs lope pont onthe tangent is known providing: 1. Integrity of the pavement ad Ml Width to place edgetine a) Supereevation rout | markings Paver ) Supereevaton runoft | ML Additional safety t0 prevent ye s= ¢) Tangent runout skidding or drivers losing Contra | gravel in | Me Low maintenance costs com E 2 | with unpaved shoulders "ed Minimum K value vertical curves should be a) |,Mand ti only selected on the basis of the diferent | ) |, tland IV only controling factors: | ©) Ihilland IV only LL Sight distance is a requirement in all 5F g Allofthe above situations for driver safety; Nl Appearance is generally required in low fil and flat topography situations; and Types of curb & gutter: ML Riding comfort is a general : requirement with specific need on L Barrier curb & gutter approaches to a floodway where the Ul, Barrier curb length of depression needs to be IM, Mountableldrop curb & gutter minimized, 'V. Mountableldrop curb a) land tlonly a) |, land ton! , ly » region | b)hlland IV only Pa and Ml only ©) Ih llland IV only @) _Allofthe above Fg Allofthe above a en / sate! Criteras used for the establishment of sag Vertical curves: Types of curb suited for the edge of the |. Headlight sight distance traveled way where it is generally Ul Passenger comfort considered that drivers should not mount Ul. Drainage control the curb or sidewalk. This types are used IV. General appearance for areas where operating speeds are V. Velocity of cars passing thru the generally less than 60 kph and where curve Parking of vehicles is allowed. a) |, Vand V only a) Bartier curb & gutter ®S b) 1.0, land Wonly TS b) Barrier curb 9) th Vand V only ©) Mountableldrop curb & gutter d) Allofthe above 4) Mountable/drop curtBie unwpeeeek ce cel, eee ‘Types of curb that provide less vaulting of the errant vehicle on impact with the curb, less likelihood of the driver losing control and less damage to occupants of the vehicles compared to barrier curbs. This type shall be used for all trafic islands, medians and the right side of the roadway ‘where operating speeds are greater than 60 kph. a) Barrier curb & gutter b) Barrier curb ©) Mountable/drop curb & gutter ©) Mountable/drop curb A pedestrian bridge adjacent to the bridge used by vehicles can be an option where Insufficient width is avallable for pedestrians. This can be cantilevered off the structure of the road bridge. A minimum width of should be provided, although it may need to be wider for the higher pedestrian and cycle volumes. a) 1.8m c) 2m b) 1.2m eq 1.5m They are essential part of any road that is not on fill and must be incorporated into the road cross-section, These are designed to accommodate the expected rainfall but can often be hazardous to vehicles that run off the road. "SF a) Longitudinal drainage ditches b) Transverse drainage ditchés ©) Drop curb and gutters 4) Shoulder The most important criteria to consider to. avoid safety hazards created by the drainage ditches is the actual reconnaissance survey during wet whether to identify the natural run-out: locations. Slopes on the side nearest the road should not be steeper than and preferable flatter as this will minimize accident severity. The slope farthest from the road may be as steep as the ground will permit. a) 15:1 TF) at b) 24 @ 44 They are lane in flat to rolling terrain, which are used to break up platoons of traffic and to improve traffic flow over a section of road. A series of such auxiliary lanes for both directions of traffic can greatly improve traffic flow and driver satisfaction, a) Line lanes b) Climbing lanes © c) Overtaking lanes d) . Auxiliary lanes A special form of overtaking lane but they are only provided on inclines where truck speeds fall to 40 kph or less and upgrade traffic flow rate in excess of 20 vehicles per hour. EF 4) Climbing lanes b) Tapered lanes ) Ramps 4d) _ Diverging lanes