Q How js the strength of the magnetic field at a point near a wire related to the strength of current flowing in the wire. The strength of the magnetic field at a point near a wire is directly proportional to the strength of the current flowing in the wire. Q What is the difference between the direct and alternating current. Mention an important advantage of AC, IF the current flows always in the same direction it is called a direct current. The current which we get from a cell or a battery is direct current because it always flows in the same direction If the current changes direction after equal intervals of time,it is called alternating current(AC).Most Power stations produce AC.The AC produced in India changes direction every 1/100 second. i.e. the frequency of AC is 50 Hz. ‘An important advantage of AC is that electric power can be transmitted over long distances without much loss of energy. Q Draw a schematic labelled diagram of a domestic (electric) wiring circuit which includes a iJmain fuse ii) a power meter iii) one light point iv) a power plug Q An alternating current has a frequency of 50 Hz.How many times does it change its direction in 1 second, AC has a frequency of 50 Hz.That is ,the coil is rotated at the rate of 50 revolutions per second.Since in ‘one revolution of the coil,the current changes its direction two times,so in 50 revolutions of coil,current changes its direction 2 x50 = 100 times. Hence AC supply changes 100 times in 1 second. Rohe Put and the Swotch mut be Conretia to te Leve roere £8 prevent the Appliance trem rect live when bre use is blown or appliance i Switched ht -Q Explain what is medint by short circuiting and overloading in an electric supply. Short circuiting means that the two wires,live and neutral,have come in contact with each other.This may happen either due to their insulations having been damaged,or due to fault in the appliance.in such a case the resistance of the circuit decreases to a very small value,due to which the current flowing through the line wires become very large and heats the wire to a-high temperature producing a spark at the place of short circuit which may even cause fire in the building. Overloading : If too many electrical appliances of high power rating like electric iron,water heater,air condition ete are switched on at the same time they draw an extremely large current from the uuit-This is known as overloading the circuit, Due to an exremely large current flowing through them,the copper wires of household wiring get heated to a very high temperature and a fire may be started. Q What is the function of an earth wire ? Why is it necessary to earth the metallic appliance ? ‘The earth wire ,which has insulation of green colour,is usually connected to a metal plate deep in the earth near the house.This is used as a safety measure ,especially for those appliances which have a metallic body e.g. electric press,todfer,refrigerator etc.The metallic body is connected to the earth wire,which provides a low resistance conducting path for the current.Thus,it ensures that any leakage of current to the metallic body of the appliance keeps its potential to that of the earth,and the user may not get a severe electric shock. Q Explain the function of electric fuse in an electric circuit.Explain why we use a thin wire as a fuse wire and not a thiclf wire. Why cannot a copper wire be used as a fuse wire? Fuse is a safety device used for protection of electric circuits. Fuse is a short piece of wire (made of pure tin or made of an alloy of copper and tin)made of a material with very low melting point such that it may easily melt due to overheating when excessive current passes through it due to short circuit or overloading.As a result the circuit is broken,no current flows and the appliance or the circuit is saved.An electric fuse works on the heating effect of current.The fuse for protecting our domestic wiring is fitted Just above our main switch on the switch board. We use a thin wire in a fuse because it has a much greater resistance than the rest of the connecting wires (R=?) . Due to is high resistance,the heating effect of current will be more in the fuse wire than anywhere else ( H = I’ Rt ).This will melt the fuse wire where as other wiring will remain safe. We should not use a thick wire as a fuse wire because it will have a low resistance and hence it will not get heated to its melting point easily.A copper wire cannot be used as a fuse wire because it has a high melting point due to which it will not melt easily when a short circuit takes place. Q Name the scientist who discovered that a current carrying conductor placed in a magnetic field experiences a force. Ampere. X Overloading may cause dire. Appropreate fure must be ased. 40 prevent over Loadin beswhes this , electrical applrance must be uted beaereng th mikd the load Of the Circutt ox line :NOTE: The connecting cable of an electric appliance like an electric iron,water heater contains three insulated copper wires of three different colours.The red colour insulated wire is the live wire and the black colour insulated wire is the neutral wire,where as green colour insulated wire is the earth wire.The potential difference between live wire(or positive) and neutral wire (or negative ) is 220 V. At the meter board in the house these wires (neutral and live)pass into watt-hour meter through the main fuse.Through the main switch they are connected to the line wires in the house.These wires supply electricity to separate circuits within the house: one of 15A for appliances with higher power ratings such as electric stove, geyser, immersion heater and other of SA ratings for bulbs,fans etc. Q Describe an activity to show that a current carrying conductor has a magnetic field associated with it. Make a simple circuit consisting of a long straight wire,a battery and a plug key.Arrange the circuit so that the straight wire is placed parallel to and over the compass needle.Now,switch on the circuit. As the Current passes through the wire ,the needle gets deflected.{f the current flows from north to south,as shown in fig 2 you observe the north pole of reversed and it flows from south to north,as towards west. ie needle moving towards the eastif the current is \dicated in fig 2 the north of the needle would deflect Fig. FiG2 Fig. 2 Here, the current in the wire laws from | south to north. The north pole of the needle is seen deflecting towards west. NOTE 1. The magnetic field near a long straight wire consists of concentric circles centred on the wire. 2. The phenomenon of electromagnetic induction is producing induced current in a coil due to relative motion between the magnet and the coil 3. The device used for producing electric current is called e generator. 4. At the time of short circuit,the current in the circuit increases heavily. 5. The three sources of magnetic field are the iJearth ii) Electromagnets iii)magnetite (ore of iron) 4 the Current [lowe Bocugle a horcaontal power lie ti east towut dnecten, then, the cloection of magnet field at 7 below the were 6 from norte bo Soutle : Ancl the doeleor of magne ic fiéld ata pot derelly above de were 1S from South to North: apply ey reghe Fava Uramh rule:6. An electric motor is a device that converts electrical energy to mechanical energy.Devices in which electric motors are used is electric fans, washing machin refrigerators and mixers. 7. The rule to determine the direction of magnetic field around a straight conductoy carrying current is the right hand thumb rule. Q State right hand thumb rule. How will the field be effected on increasing the current through the | conductor. ii) changing the direction of flow of current in the conductor or On what factors does, the field produced by the current passing through the wire depend ?. Imagine that you are holding a current carrying wire in your right hand such that the thumb is stretched along the direction of the current,then the fingers will wrap around the conductor in the direction of the field lines of the magnetic field. i)The magnitude of the field produced at 2 given point is directly proportional to the current passing through the wire, ‘The magnetic field produced by a given current in the wire decreases as the distance from the wire increases. Q The flow of current in a circiilar loop of wire creates 3 magnetic field at its centre.How may the existence of this field be detected ? The deflection of magnetic needle placed on the plane of the board through which a piece of wire bentin the form of circular loop passes. Q How can it be shown that a magnetic field exists around a wire through which a direct current is passing. When a magnetic compass needle is placed below the current carrying wire or above it the magnetic needle is deflected. Q.No 10 NCERT book in EXCERCISES. If the electron beam is moving horizontally from back wall towards the front wall,then the conventional current is moving from the front wall towards the bback wall. Applying Fleming’s left hand rule the fore finger points vertically downward. Hence the direction of magnetic field is vertically downward at right angles to the direction of electron beam. Q No 14 NCERT :Yes,induced current is produced in coil B.As the current in coil A is changes,the ‘magnetic field associated with it also changes,as a result it induces current in coil B. Q No8 pg : A current carrying solenoid when suspended freely will set itself in the North-South directly exactly the same way as a bar magnet does. The pattern of magnetic field is similar to the magnetic field due to bar magnet.A cutrent carrying solenoid behaves like a bar magnet with fixed polarities at its ends. The end at which the direction of current is anticlockwise behaves as a north pole,while the end at which the direction of current is clockwise behaves as a south pole. When south pole of 2 bar magnet is brougth near any pole of the suspended solenoid,if end of thesolenoid comes closer then it is a north pole. To confirm,north pole of the ¢magnet is brougth near the north pole (detected earlier ) of solenoid, it moves away. Hence this end of solenoid is north pole and the other end south pole. NOTE; The magnetic field of the bar maget interacts with the magnetic field of the compass needle.Hence the compass needle deflects so as to align itself with the magnetic field of the bar magnet. 2.The magnetic field lines will move at right angles to the plane of the table,such that they move upward inside the loop and downwared outside the loop. (224 @:1) 3 “ ‘Union magnetic fold 4, The magnetic field inside a long solenoid carrying current increases as we move towards its ends,since a straight solenoid behaves like a barmagnet. 5 Speed, velocity and momentum of a proton can change when it moves freely in a magnetic field.lt is because of the force acting on proton, its velocity changes and so does its momentum. (9281821) 6. As the positively charged particle is moving towards west,therefore the conventional current also flows towards west. Now applying Fleming's left hand rule,when the central finger points to west (current) and thumb points to north (deflection by magnetic field)then forefinger points upwards.Hence magnetic field is directed upward Cpq 292 4: 2) 7. Different ways to induce current in a coil isi) by moving a strong bar magnet rapidly within the coil il] By moving the coil in a strong magnetic field. ii)By rapidly changing the magnitude of current in a current carrying coil placed near the coil. (NCERT TxT Book Qi P4236) 8. Two safety measures commonly used in electric circuits and appliances are i) Each circuit should have a fuse of proper rating. ii)All electrical appliances must be properly earthed, Iii) All wires used in electrical circuits should be covered with a good insulator. Q An electric oven of 2 kW power rating is operated in domestic circuit (220V}that has a current of SA.What result do you expect ? ‘The fuse will melt. The current rating of 2kW heater is 2000 /220 5A circuit it will overload the circuit and hence the fuse melts. .014.Hence when placed in Q What precaution should be taken to avoid overloading of domestic circuit. ? ‘An appropriate fuse should be placed in each of the domestic circuits. This will ensure that fuse ‘melts when circuit is overloaded.Sometimes overloading is caused by connecting too many appliances to a single socket, which should be avoided.