Pathology

OSPE termj
9. SLIDE-1

1. ldentify the specimen with identifying point..

2. Write down the confirmation microscopic findings ofyour Dx.

3. Mention the common tumor of this specimen.

4. Complication of appendicitis.

OR, A 12yr old boy came with severe abdominal pain in RT lower region & his abdomen was
opened & appendix was reseated & histopathological slide made-
1. ldentify the structure under microscope with identifying point.

2. How will you confirm the Dx.

3. Name common tumor/ common malignant tumor of appendix.

Ans.

1. This is jar containing vermifom appendix with mesoappendix. It's wall is swollen,_
edematous. So, my Dx. is "Acute Appendicitis".

2. Presence of neutrophil in muscle coat.

3. i) Carcinoid tumor.
l) Adeno Ca.
iii) Mucinous cyst adeno Ca.

4., i) Appendicular lump.

ii) Appendicular abscess.
iii) Burst of appendix.
iv) Peritonitis.
9.SLIDE-2
. Ideniify the speciicn with identifying point with Dx.

2. What are the different type of gall stone?

3. What is most common malignant tumor of gall bladder ?

4 What are the complication of cholidocolithiasis?

?
5. Which enzyme is important to Dx obstructive jaundice

Ans.

m u c o s a is
gall bladder. The wall is disrupted and
1. This is jar containing specimen of "Chronic
thickened. So, my probable Dx. is
swollen.The wall is swollen, fibrosed, examination.
confirmed by histopathological
Cholecystitis" which is

2. Type of gall stone-

Cholesterol stone.
i)
Pigment stone.
ii)

iii) Mixed stone.

3. Adeno carcinoma.

Chronic cholecystitis,
4. Complication- Acute cholecystitis,
i) Stonein gallbladder
Mucocele, Emysema, Carcinoma.

iii) Stone in
Acute pancreatitis.
i) Stone in ampula ofvater:
intestine: Intestinal obstruction.

5. Alkaline phosphataine.
QSLIDE4

ldentify the spwcirmen with identifying point.

2. Mention 4 prognostic factors of breast Ca.

3. What do you mean by Comedo Ca?
?
4. What do you mean by Schirrous Ca
?
5. What is c o m m o n histological type

What is sentinile lymph node? What is its significance ?

6.

Ans.

covered with skin

1. This is jar containing mastectomy specimen which partially
is
surface shows an irregular grayish white
tumerous
containing areola and nipple. Cut
lesion. My probable Dx. is Ca of breast which
is confirmed by histopathology.

PR.
2. Size, Involement of lymph node, Invasiveness, ER,
3. DuctolCa in situ with central necrosis.
which forms a
breast in which greater extent of fibrosis
4. It is one type of desmoplasia of
stony mass o1 breast
5. Duct cell Ca.
Its significance
neoplastic growth is called Senile lymph node.
6. The nearest lymph node of
is a of malignancy.
involved, it sign
is
is-Ifsenile lymph node
0.siIDE-6
1. Identify the spe:imen with identifying point.
2. What is
granuloma?
3. What the
are giant cell ?

OR, 12 yrs old boy with

evening rise of temp. anorexia and weight loss & cervical
adenopathy for 3 months ,
lyph node
1. What are you observing on cut surface?
2. How it looks like
microscopically & macroscopically ?

Ans.

. I t is a jar containing dissected section oflymph node showing-

Macroscopically: It is a cheesy white material.

Microscopically: It shows
amorphousgranular, cosinophilis,
cellular debris. So, my
imprtession id tubercular granuloma which is confirmed by histopathlogy.

2. Granuloma- A granuloma is a focus of chronicinflammation consist of microscopic

aggregation of epitheloid cell surrounded by a collar ofmononuclear leukocytes&
OCcasionally plasma cell. Older granuloma develops an enclosing rim of fibroblast &
connective tissue.

3. Giant cell i) Langhan type of giant cell.

ii) Reed Stemberg giant cell.

\Foreign body giant cell.
g.SLIDE-

1. Idertify the structure under microscope.

2. What is common Ca of this viscera?

3. Type of gall stone.

4. What is complication ?

Ans.

1. Section shows gall bladderwall. It reveals perimuscular fibrosis and infiltration of

mononuclear cells mostly lymphocytes in all the layers. The mucosa is partly flattened.
No malignancy is seen.

2. Adeno Ca.

3. i) Cholesterol.

ii) Pigment.

ii) Mixed.

4. Specimen part(SEE THERE).

Q.SLIDE-8

i. ldentify the strusture under microscupe with Dx.

?
2. Morphological type of this inflammation
3.
3 What is te hallmark of Dx.2?

4. Common appendix tumor.

5. Complication.

Ans.

1 Section shows "Acute appendicitis". It reveals mucosal disruption & infiultration of

many polymorphus in all layers. The
lumen contains exudates. No malignancy is seen.
So, my Dx. is "Acute appendicitis".

2. Fibrous inflammation.

3. Infiltration of neutrophil in muscle coat layer.

4. i) Carcinoid tumor.

ii) Adeno Ca.

5.. Specimen part(SEE THERE).

9. SLIDE-11

. ldentify the structure.

2. What are the common Ca of prostate?

3. Which age group is commonly affected ?

Ans.

1. Section shows multiple iregularfragment of prostatictissue. These reveals hyperplastic

gland arranged in nodules and fibromuscular coat. Glands are lined by double layers of
seen. Dx.
epitheliumn. Some of the glands contain corpora amylesia. No malignancy is
"Prostate (PUR)- Nodular hyperplasia(Per urethral section).

2. Adeno Ca.

3. 50-60 yrs.

(TITU SIR- Why it is called benign ? feature of.

Multilayer is a
Because it is lined by double layered epithelium.
is a feature of malignancy]
benign Single layer
9.SLIDE-16

. Whai aie the methods of coliecting c^topathological specimen?

2. Mention with example.

3. What is frozen section ? Mention its significance.

Ans.

1. Exfoliative, Abrasive, FNAC.

2. i) Exfoliative.E.g.- urine, sputum.

buloon.
ii) Abrasive.E.g.- scrapping,

ii) FNAC.E.g.- breast, thyroid.

method mainly helpthe
which surgeon in deterninig the
3. It is the histopathological
to be applied to the patient
for quick Dx. of a specimen within 20min
surgery procedure
while the patientis at OT bed. Significance-
Tissue should be sent without any preservative.
multiple piecerequire longer
The tissue should be representative average mass or
time & should be avoided.
in most cases, it may
Though Dx. can be made regarding presence ofmalignancy sections available
iii) cases & the Dx. is
deferred till routine are

be difficult in certain
in these cases.
9.ISTRU MENT-

. Identify the instrument.

2. Name the parts of the instrument.

3. Name 2 absolute indications of bone marrow examination.

Name 1 site (of each) for bone marrow examination on adult and children.

5. Name 2 local complications of bone marrow examinations.

6. What are the cause of dry tap?

Ans.

ncedle.
. This is bone marrow aspiration

2. Parts are- Trocer, Cannula, Guard.

i)Leukemia. ii) Aplastic anaemia. iii)

ITP. iv) Sideroblastic anaemia. v) Megaloblastic
3.

anaemia. vi) Multiple meyeloma.vii) Lymphoma. vii) Myeloproliferative disorder.

4. Adult- i) Body of sternum opposite 2 and 3 intercostals space.

ii) Highest point of liac crest.

Children- Medial spect of upper pole of tibia( 2 yrs)

5. Suction pain, Infection, Uncontrolled

bleeding.
1. Identify the instrument.

?
2. What are the methods of ESR estimation

factors that modify ESR.

3. Name 3 important

4. Name 2 causes of high ESR.

of ESR ?
5.
5. What is the significance

Ans.

ESR tube.
This is Westergren tube.
Consist of i) Long narrow glass
downwards 0-200mm.
from above to
both ends & marking
ii) Open
Wintrobe's haematocrit
tube
2. Westergren ESR tube,

pregnancy.
3. i) Physiological- old, age,
insufficiency.
SLE, renal
acute & chronic infection, neoplasm,
ii) Pathological- anaemia.
Rheumatic fever, SLE, Aplastic
myeloma,
4. TB, Multiple
of disease.
see the prognosis
5. i) It is used to
treatment.
of
see the efficacy
used to
ii) It is
 7
9. INSTRUMENT-3
1. Identify the instrument.
2. Name the parts of this instrument.

3. Name the methods of Hb estimation.

4. Which one is best and why?
5. How thalassemia is confirmed?

Ans.

1. This is Shahli's haemiglobinometer.

2. It contains- Color matching box.

iiyHb pipette(0.02 ml marking)

ii)Gráduated mixing tube.

iDropper
Strirrer.
yBrush.
3. Method- i)Shahli's acid hacmatic method.

ii)Alkalinehaematin method.
ii)Oxy Hb method.

iy)Cyanmeth Hb method.

Because- i)Result is accurate.

4. Cyanmeth Hb method. variation.
ii)Noeye color be estimataalso.
Hb etc can
iii)Sulph Hb, carboxy

5. Haemoglobin electrophoresis.
 9.RUMNT
1. Identify the instrument.

2. What is microtome ?

lab.
3. Name 2 histopathological stains used in

4. Name 2 common anticoagulant used in lab.

5. Name the common fixative used in lab to fix the specimen.

6. What are you observing on its surface?

Ans.

1. This is whitish cube made of paraffin.

tissue biock
2. Microtome are the instrument which cut the section from processed
e m e t o i l d .

Haematoxilin-eosin stain, Periodic acid Schiff.

3.

4. Paul Heller'smixture, Potassium citrate, EDTA,

Sodium citrate.

5. It has 6 surface_is observing on its surface

AHohol, R abd
tonmaln. othon-
to

trounc
olct Tueleus, almest Copldely
Lymphoeyte ' lange
occupY the cel
Cytoptasm oned mmoyanal
):sh Celouned
th nuelung
rac4on
4umcon @medte alleng"c
by imponyounf role y
 KUMEKT4

. ldentify the instrument.

2. What is microtome?

3. Name 2 histopathological stains used in lab.

4. Name 2 common anticoagulant used in lab.

5. Name the common fixative used in lab to fix the specimen.

6. What are you observing on its surface ?

Ans.

1. This is whitish cube made of paraffin.

2. Microtome are the instrument which cut the section from processed tissue block.

3. Haematoxilin-eosin stain, Periodic acid Schiff.

***

4. Paul Heller'smixture, Potassium citrate, EDTA, Sodium citrate.

5. It has 6 surface is observing on its surface.

othn- lohot, qoN add

.10
10
6. tonmalin.

olet ueleus, almost Completely

Lymphaeytelange troun
oCCupy he cey
m anauanel
Colouned Cytoptasm toned -n
t h nualLmg
a chn
vncon @medcte ollengre
6)Play imponor re
Q. INSTRUMENT-3

I. ldentify the instrument.

this instrument.
2. Name the parts of

of Hb estimation.
3. Name the methods

4. Which one is best and why ?

confirmed?
5. How thalassemia is

Ans.

. This is Shahli's haemiglobinometer.

2. t contains- Color matching
boOx.

Hb pipette(0.02 ml marking)
ii)Graduated mixing tube.

PDroper.
MStrirrer.
Brush.
3. Method- i)Shahli's acid haematie method.

i)A lkaline haematinmethod,

ii)Oxy Hb method.

ivCyanmeth Hb method.

4. Cyanmeth Hb method. Because- i)Result is accurate.

ii)Noeye color variation.
ii)Sulph H6, carboxy Hb etc can be estimatealso.
5. Haemoglobin electrophoresis.
 PBE

1. What is this ? What are its identifying point

2. What are the use ofthis instrument?

3. Define and classify polycy1hemia.

4. What information you will get by examining this ?

Ans.

. This is a stained blood film.

Identifying point- Head, body, tail.
2. i) To know the size, shape, staining & total count of RBC.

count of WBC.
ii) To know the maturity & differential
iii)To know the relative number & morphology of platelet.
iv)To detect parasite.

3. Increased level of RBC more than normal is called polycythemia.

) True.
ii) Relative.

4. Same as 2.

tocused Reld (2)

, Mmetion -the mo o WC
0DC-(3).
ASO mesnron umben
oench type o+

teh Neut*ophil distobuted n

nanule utonmty
I/PoNwmenous ,f9ne, pmkish
ytoplasm.
maHineuckates (-5 bbes
tume on: Phegoorfosis
m
Eodnopk:Coanse twan rel groanules Cytoplosm
BPioped
eaeion
unCorn )medite aller
6 Ceretoln ponasète
 REQUISITION FORMi
Name:
Ag
Sex
4 Ward:

S Bed

Registration no: clresoyAtk

7 Date

& Specimen name: [Gall bladder)

chole cyseBom
Operation name: [Cholecystectomy]
D Clinical information: [Cholecystitis]
tAdvice [Send the gall bladder to laboratory for histopathological examination]

memodn n PMP prM Pvo 1