openMind

LEVEL 3 WORD LIST

UNIT two
Word / Phrase Translation Part of Speech Phonetic Spelling Definition Sample Sentence
ability habilidad noun [count] /əˈbɪləti/ the fact of being able When humans
to do something developed higher
cognitive abilities such
as language, their
sense of smell was less
important.
academic académico adjective /ˌækəˈdemɪk/ good at learning I was academic at
things by studying school; I worked hard
and I got good grades.
amygdala amígdala noun [count] /əˈmɪgdələ/ the part of the In the human brain, the
brain that processes amygdala is located
emotions and near the olfactory
memories cortex. This is why
smell and emotion are
closely linked.
animal animal noun [count] /ˈænɪm(ə)l/ any living thing that is A human’s sense of
not a human, a plant, smell is weaker than
an insect, a bird, or that of many other
a fish animals.
associate asociar (algo con verb phrase /əˈsoʊʃiˌeɪt/ to form a connection I always associate the
(something algo/alguien) in your mind between smell of chocolate
with different people or with my grandmother’s
something/ things house.
someone)
attitude actitud noun [count] /ˈætɪˌtud/ someone’s opinions It’s important to have
or feelings about a positive attitude
something, especially when you start a
shown by their new job.
behavior
authority autoridad noun [count] /ɔˈθɔrəti/ people with power When I was a teenager
over you, usually in an I always questioned
official way authority, for example,
my teachers and my
parents.
baby bebé noun [count] /ˈbeɪbi/ a very young child The sense of smell
who cannot talk or develops in babies
walk yet before the sense of
vision.
be located estar localizado, verb phrase /bi loʊˈkeɪtɪd/ existing in a particular In the human brain,
estar ubicado place the brainstem is
located in front of the
cerebellum.
beagle beagle noun /ˈbiɡ(ə)l/ a type of dog with My first dog was a
short hair and long ears beagle named Bonzo.
bloodhound sabueso noun [count] /ˈblʌdˌhaʊnd/ a large dog that can A bloodhound has
smell very well, has 220 million smell
long, hanging ears, and receptors and so it has
is often used for finding an excellent sense of
out where someone is smell.
or has been

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openMind

Word / Phrase Translation Part of Speech Phonetic Spelling Definition Sample Sentence
bored aburrido adjective /bɔrd/ feeling impatient or I’m bored at work
dissatisfied because because every day
you are not interested is the same!
in something, or
because you have
nothing to do
certain cierto determiner /ˈsɜrt(ə)n/ used for referring Certain smells make
to someone or me think of when we
something without lived in Greece.
being specific about
exactly what or who
they are
child niño noun [count] /tʃaɪld/ a young person from Did you have any pets
the time they are born when you were
until they are about a child?
14 years old
childhood niñez noun /ˈtʃaɪldˌhʊd/ the time of your life She had a happy
[noncount] when you are a child childhood with her
parents and two
brothers.
chocolate-chip galleta con chispas noun [count] /ˈtʃɑklət tʃɪp a type of cookie that The smell of chocolate-
cookie de chocolate ˈkʊki/ contains small pieces chip cookies reminds
of chocolate me of my mom,
because she used to
do a lot of baking.
clearly claramente adverb /ˈklɪrli/ in a way that is I can clearly remember
sensible and not the day I got my first
confused puppy.
cognitive cognitivo adjective /ˈkɑɡnətɪv/ in psychology, a Humans developed
cognitive science or higher cognitive
process is one that abilities, such as
is connected with language.
recognizing and
understanding things
cologne colonia noun /kəˈloʊn/ a liquid with a When I smell that
[noncount] pleasant smell that cologne, I think of
you put on your skin, my father because he
usually less expensive always wore it.
than perfume
compare comparar verb /kəmˈper/ used for saying how How do your test
good or bad one results compare with
thing is in relation to other students in your
another class?
country país noun [count] /ˈkʌntri/ an area of land France is the country
that has its own I was born in.
government and
official borders
cue pista noun [count] /kju/ an event, action, or Researchers have
statement that tells done experiments to
someone indirectly compare smell stimuli
that they should do with other stimuli as
something memory cues.
danger peligro noun [count] /ˈdeɪndʒər/ a situation in which Animals use their
harm, death, damage, sense of smell to
or destruction is recognize danger,
possible and it can be the
difference between
life and death.

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openMind

Word / Phrase Translation Part of Speech Phonetic Spelling Definition Sample Sentence
definitely definitivamente adverb /ˈdefənɪtli/ without any doubt I was definitely a party
animal when I was in
college. I was always
out at parties.
dementia demencia noun /dɪˈmenʃə/ a serious illness My father suffers from
[noncount] affecting someone’s dementia and now he
brain and memory doesn’t know who
where they gradually I am when I visit him.
stop being able to
think or behave in a
normal way
describe describir verb /dɪˈskraɪb/ to give details about Can you describe the
what someone or man you saw in detail?
something is like What did he look like?
emotion emoción noun [count] /ɪˈmoʊʃ(ə)n/ a feeling that you The emotion I felt
experience, for more than anything
example, love, fear, after my exams was
or anger relief!
emotional emocional adjective /ɪˈmoʊʃ(ə)nəl/ relating to feelings Why do smells cause
and the way that they strong emotional
affect your life responses?
except excepto preposition /ɪkˈsept/ used for introducing I got along well with
the only person, thing, most of my teachers
or fact that is not except the geography
included in your main teacher who was very
statement strict.
experience experiencia noun [count] /ɪkˈspɪriəns/ something that We often forget an
happens to you or experience until we
a situation that you smell something
are involved in associated with it.
experiment experimento noun [count] /ɪkˈsperɪmənt/ a scientific test Researchers have
to find out what done experiments to
happens to someone compare smell stimuli
or something in with other stimuli.
particular conditions
fair feria noun [count] /fer/ an event where When I was a child,
people ride on special I loved the rides and
machines for fun and the games at the
play games to win local fair.
prizes
feel sentir verb /fil/ to be in a particular How did you feel
state as a result of an on your first day of
emotion or a physical school?
feeling
findings conclusiones noun /ˈfaɪndɪŋz/ information that you The government
[noncount] discover or opinions seems to have ignored
that you form after the findings of its own
doing research report.
fresh fresco adjective /freʃ/ recently done, made, I love the smell of
or experienced fresh bread – straight
from the oven!
geeky geek adjective /ɡiki/ to be boring, He’s a little geeky.
especially because He spends most of the
you are interested weekend on his laptop
only in one subject and game console.
like computers,
technology, etc.

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openMind

Word / Phrase Translation Part of Speech Phonetic Spelling Definition Sample Sentence
hear escuchar verb /hɪr/ to realize that someone When I hear that song,
or something is making it makes me feel sad.
a sound
hearing oído noun /ˈhɪrɪŋ/ your ability to hear Her hearing isn’t
[noncount] sounds good; you have to
speak very loudly.
human humano noun [count] /ˈhjumən/ a person Human beings have
fewer smell receptors
than many animals.
immediately inmediatamente, adverb /ɪˈmidiətli/ without delay Smell memories
de inmediato are so strong they
can transport us
immediately to
the past.
implication consecuencia noun [count] /ˌɪmplɪˈkeɪʃ(ə)n/ a possible effect What medical
or result implications does
research in smell and
memory have?
importance importancia noun /ɪmˈpɔrt(ə)ns/ the fact of being Research emphasizes
[noncount] important, or the the importance of
degree to which exercise in reducing
something or blood pressure.
someone is important
include incluir verb /ɪnˈklud/ to make someone Decide which ideas
or something part you want to include
of a group, set, or and organize them.
collection of things
international internacional adjective /ˌɪntərˈnæʃən(ə)l/ involving several International aid
countries or existing organizations are
between countries appealing for
donations from
Western governments.
joker bromista noun [count] /ˈdʒoʊkər/ someone who likes to My boss is a real joker;
tell jokes or do things he likes us to have fun
to make people laugh at work.
lifetime vida noun [count] /ˈlaɪfˌtaɪm/ the period of time He achieved a lot in
when someone is alive his short lifetime.
love amor noun [count] /lʌv/ someone you Her perfume reminded
have a romantic him of an old love
relationship with from his hometown.
make changes hacer cambios verb phrase /meɪk ˈtʃeɪndʒɪz/ make something Please don’t make any
different changes to my work;
I like it as it is.
medical médico adjective /ˈmedɪk(ə)l/ relating to medicine What medical
and the treatment of implications does
injuries and diseases research in smell and
memory have?
memorize memorizar verb /ˈmeməˌraɪz/ to learn something so I memorized my
that you remember it speech so I could say
perfectly it without the words
in front of me.
memory memoria noun /ˈmem(ə)ri/ the ability to My memory is getting
[noncount] remember things worse as I get older.
I can’t remember
people’s names.

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openMind

Word / Phrase Translation Part of Speech Phonetic Spelling Definition Sample Sentence
memory recuerdo noun [count] /ˈmem(ə)ri/ something that you The memory of that
remember night is still clear in
my mind.
memory loss pérdida de noun /ˈmem(ə)ri lɔs/ when you cannot Researchers have
memoria [noncount] remember things found that when
people with memory
loss smell something
associated with their
youth, they are often
able to describe a
memory in great detail.
million millón number /ˈmɪljən/ the number 1,000,000 People download
millions of songs
every day.
multiplication tablas de noun /ˌmʌltɪplɪˈkeɪʃ(ə)n lists that show the We had to memorize
tables multiplicar [noncount] teɪb(ə)lz/ results of multiplying our multiplication
all the combinations tables at school and
of two numbers say them aloud in
between 1 and 12 math class.
together
nose nariz noun [count] /noʊz/ the part of your Look at the model’s
face above your face: she has green
mouth that you use eyes, a small mouth,
for smelling and and a perfect nose.
breathing
olfactory cortex corteza olfativa noun [count] /ɑlˈfæktəri the part of the brain In the human brain,
ˈkɔrˌteks/ where our sense of the amygdala is
smell is located located near the
olfactory cortex. This is
why smell and emotion
are closely linked.
party animal parrandero noun phrase /ˈpɑrti ænɪm(ə)l/ someone who enjoys Maria is a real party
going to lots of animal; she’s always
parties out with her friends at
parties.
perfume perfume noun /ˈpɜrfjum/ a liquid with a This perfume smells
[noncount] pleasant smell that great. Do you want to
you put on your skin try it?
personality personalidad noun [count] /ˌpɜrsəˈnæləti/ the part of a person You use the word
that makes them character when you
behave in a particular are talking about
way in social situations, whether someone
for example, in a is good or bad, or
friendly or unfriendly honest or dishonest.
way, or in a confident What’s her personality
or shy way. like? Is she friendly or
is she shy?
physiology fisiología noun /ˌfɪziˈɑlədʒi/ the way that the body The reason we react to
[noncount] of a particular living smells comes down to
thing operates our human physiology.
poem poema noun /ˈpoʊəm/ a piece of writing We had to memorize
using beautiful or poems at school and
unusual language say them aloud in our
arranged in fixed lines English class.
that have a particular
beat and often rhyme
popcorn palomitas noun [count] /ˈpɑpˌkɔrn/ a food made from They always buy
dried grains of maize popcorn to share when
that swell when they they go to the movies.
are heated

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openMind

Word / Phrase Translation Part of Speech Phonetic Spelling Definition Sample Sentence
popular popular adjective /ˈpɑpjələr/ a popular person is Hayley was very
liked by many people popular at school.
Everyone liked her!
puppy cachorro noun [count] /ˈpʌpi/ a very young dog My dog is big now,
but when he was a
puppy he could sit in
the palm of my hand.
question preguntar verb /ˈkwestʃ(ə)n/ to express doubts When he was a
about something or teenager, he used to
challenge it question authority
all the time. He was
always arguing with his
parents.
rebel rebelde noun [count] /ˈreb(ə)l/ someone who James has always
opposes people in been a rebel, but he’s
authority or opposes not a criminal!
accepted ways of
doing things
recent reciente adjective /ˈrisənt/ has happened or My hearing has
started a short time become worse in
ago recent years; it used
to be fine.
recognize reconocer verb /ˈrekəɡˌnaɪz/ to know who the Animals use their
person is or what the sense of smell to
thing is that you are recognize danger;
seeing, hearing, etc. it can be the
because you have difference between
seen, heard, etc. them life and death.
before
remind recordar verb /rɪˈmaɪnd/ to make someone She reminds me of my
think of someone sister. They look very
or something else similar.
because of being very
similar to them
research investigación noun /rɪˈsɜrtʃ/ the detailed study of Recent research
[noncount] something in order shows that music has
to discover new facts, a positive effect on
especially in a college patient health.
or scientific institution
response respuesta noun [count] /rɪˈspɑns/ a reaction Humans have strong
emotional responses
to smells.
scan leer rápidamente verb /skæn/ to read something Scan the article quickly
very quickly, in order to find out the main
to get a general points.
idea of its meaning
or to find particular
information
sense of smell sentido del olfato noun /sens əv smel/ the natural ability that A human’s sense of
[noncount] most people have to smell is weaker than
smell that of many other
animals.
short corto, breve adjective /ʃɔrt/ a period of time that I gave a short
is short, does not last presentation about
very long, or seems to the new product. It
pass quickly only lasted for a few
minutes.

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openMind

Word / Phrase Translation Part of Speech Phonetic Spelling Definition Sample Sentence
sight vista noun [count] /saɪt/ a person or thing that Certain sights or
you see that has a sounds bring back
particular feature memories.
sight vista noun /saɪt/ the ability to see, He lost 75 percent
[noncount] using your eyes of his sight in his
right eye.
smell olor noun [count] /smel/ the pleasant or It’s strange how
unpleasant quality certain smells can
of something that bring back vivid
you notice when you memories.
breathe in through
your nose
smell oler verb /smel/ to notice or recognize When I smell the
the smell of something ocean, I always think
of the summers I used
to spend there.
smell receptor receptor olfativo noun [count] /smel rɪˈseptər/ a nerve in your nose Humans have
that sends messages 20 million smell
to your central receptors, compared
nervous system to a bloodhound with
220 million!
song canción noun [count] /sɔŋ/ a piece of music with When I hear this
words that you sing song, it brings back
memories of being
in college.
sound sonido noun [count] /saʊnd/ something that you The room was very
can hear quiet; I couldn’t hear
a sound.
species especie noun [count] /ˈspiʃiz/ a plant or animal group An animal’s sense
whose members all of smell enables it
have similar general to recognize other
features and are able animals of the same
to produce young species.
plants or animals
together
stimuli estímulos noun [count] /ˈstɪmjəli/ things that produce Researchers have
a reaction in a plant, done experiments to
animal, or person see the effect of smell
stimuli on our memory.
strong fuerte adjective /strɔŋ/ able to produce a Smell memories
powerful effect are so strong they
can transport us
immediately to
the past.
suddenly de repente adverb /ˈsʌd(ə)nli/ quickly and without A strange feeling
any warning suddenly came
over him.
suffer from sufrir de verb /ˈsʌfər frəm/ to have a particular She suffered from
illness or physical depression for most of
problem her adult life.
survival sobrevivencia noun /sərˈvaɪv(ə)l/ the fact or state of When humans
[noncount] continuing to live or developed higher
exist, especially in cognitive abilities such
difficult conditions as language, their
sense of smell was less
important.
sweet dulce adjective /swit/ pleasant in smell, My first puppy was so
sound, or appearance sweet and gentle.

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openMind

Word / Phrase Translation Part of Speech Phonetic Spelling Definition Sample Sentence
taste gusto noun [count] /teɪst/ the flavor that The taste of chocolate
something creates in reminds me of being
your mouth when you a child.
eat or drink it
technology tecnología noun [count] /tekˈnɑlədʒi/ advanced scientific How has technology
knowledge used for changed children’s
practical purposes, lives?
especially in industry
tend (to) tender a verb /tend/ to usually do a The gym tends to
particular thing get very busy at about
six o’clock.
think back (to) recordar phrasal verb /θɪŋk bæk/ to think about I’ve been trying to
something that think back to the last
happened in the past time I saw her.
tone of voice tono de voz noun /toʊn əv vɔɪs/ the sound of “Really?” Simone said
[noncount] someone’s voice that in a surprised tone of
shows what they are voice.
feeling
touch tacto noun /tʌtʃ/ the sense that tells You have to identify
[noncount] you what something the foods through
feels like through your touch and smell; you
skin, or when you put can’t see or taste
your fingers on it them!
transport transportar verb /trænsˈpɔrt/ to make you imagine Certain smells
or feel as if you are can transport us
in a different place immediately to the
or time past.
troublemaker alborotador noun [count] /ˈtrʌb(ə)lˌmeɪkər/ someone who causes Fred was
problems, often by a troublemaker at
being violent or by school, but now he’s
making others argue a police officer!
or not obey people in
authority
uncertain inseguro, vacilante adjective /ʌnˈsɜrt(ə)n/ not feeling sure about I left the meeting
what to do, whether feeling anxious and
something is true, etc. uncertain about what
to do next.
vaguely vagamente adverb /ˈveɪɡli/ in a way that is I vaguely remember
not clear meeting Kate, but
I’m not sure where
or when.
visual visual adjective /ˈvɪʒuəl/ relating to things that Television news brings
you can see us visual images from
around the world.
vivid vívido adjective /ˈvɪvɪd/ having or producing I have a vivid memory
very clear and detailed of the first time we
images in the mind met. I remember it
clearly.
whole completo adjective /hoʊl/ all of something Practice saying the
whole presentation so
you know it from start
to finish.
youth juventud noun /juθ/ the time in someone’s In his youth, he had
[noncount] life when they are traveled and seen
young much of the world.

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