‘Accumulation of TG inside the cells of the parenchymatous organs, most common in the liver but not uncommon in the kidney and heart. Atrophy: Decrease in size and weight of tissue or organ due to either decrease in cell size or number or both. ‘Sinus: blind track that extends from surface of organ to underlying area. Fistula: . abnormal connection between two hollow organs or between hollow organ and skin ‘Abcess: localized Suppurative inflammation often caused by Staphylococcus aureus. Embolus:. Abnormal insoluble material moves inside the circulation and large enough to occlude vessel Edema:. Increased tissue fluid in interstitium or serous sacs. Carbuncle:. multiple suppurative lesions duo to pyogenic infection in adjacent hair follicles. Biopsy: Part of the tissue or organ taken during life. ‘Autopsy: Part of the tissue or organ taken after death [Postmortem]. Cellulitis: A diffuse suppurative inflammation often duo to hemolytic streptococcal infection,commonly in regions rich in loose tissue. ‘Chemical mediators of inflammation:Chemicalspresentatthesiteofinflammation, controllingtheinflammationprocess..(exogenous,endogenous) - ~ Page Break ~Granuloma: . chronic inflammatory swelling made of collection of epithelioid cells. Granulomatus diseases: chronic infections that form granuloma. Metastasis: Ability of malignant neoplasms to send their emboli via blood and lymph to distant organs. : Mixed neoplasm with a variety of tissues representing the three germ layers (ectoderm, endoderm, mesoderm.) Risk factor (Predisposing factor) Indirect cause of the disease Ulcer: loss of epithelial covering a long with basement membrane. Lipesareoma:Malignant neoplasm of fatty tissue ‘Adenosarcoma:Malignant glandular neoplasm. ‘Choriostomas /Ectopia / Heterotopias: Normal tissue present in abnormal site. Hamartoma: Abnormal growth forms normal tissue in normal site haphazardly arranged and stops growth when normal body growth stops. ‘Septicemia: Presence of large number, high virulence, multiplying bacteria in the circulation. Pyemia: Presence of pyogenic bacteria in a septic embolus that is transported by blood vessels ‘Shock: Acute systemic ischemia characterized by tissue hypoperfusion and profound hypotension. + Solid mass formed of blood constituents [Blood cells] attached to blood vessels wall [Tunica intima] inside the circulation during life. Dysplasia: Abnormal cell differentiation and maturation. Hyperplasia: increase in tissue or organ size or weight due to increase in number of cells. ‘Metaplasia: Change of mature tissue into another mature one.|- Define the following (10 marks): 1, Stable angina: s Lipoma: o . Elsenmenger syndrome: > Barrett's esophagus: = Endometriosis: = Goiter: N . Tertiary hyperparathyroidism: Pp Paget's disease of breast: 9, Hemnoperitoneum: 10. Shock: ll Choose the correct answer (30 marks): 1, The arterial wall in active polyarteritis nodosa (PAN) shows: a. Hyalinosis b. Fibrosis e. Elastosis c. Endotheliosis 2. A 60-year-old male complains of recurrent attacks of severe chest pain. ECG revealed ischemic changes. Laboratory analysis revealed high LDL and normal cardiac enzymes. This patient most likely has: a. Hypertension c. Coarctation of aorta Dr Fayed Al-YousofyPathology Exary Medical students, Jibla University/ 3 hours: b. Coronary embolism d Coronary aherosceosis 3. Fallot's tetralogy includes all except: b. Overriding aorta ¢. Right ventricular hypertrophy d._ Stenosis of pulmonary trunk 4, The most common site of myocardial infarction is: a Leftventice ¢. Right ventricle b. Left atrium d. Right atrium 5. MacCallum patch is a feature of a. Rhematic myocarditis qua b, Rheumatic valvulitis _d, Rheumatic arthritis 6, The following is not a feature of rheumatic vegetations: b. Beaded d. Aseptic 7. Libman-Sacks endocarditis occurs in: a. Rheumatic fever d. Rheumatoid arthritis b. Carcinoid syndrome @. Degenerative valve disease 8 Lacunar variant of RS cells is seen in the following type of Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL): a. Lymphocyte depletion —_d. Lymphocyte rich |B: Nodular steosis @. Mixed cellularity, ¢. Nodular lymphocyte predominant 9. The following type of HL has the best prognosis: Dr Fayed AL-Yousofy Pathology Exanv Medical students, Jibla University/ 3 hoursDr Fayed Al-Yousoly Pathology Exam) Medal students/ Jtbla University/ 3 hours c. Nodular sclerosis b. Mixed cellularity 4d. Lymphocyte depletion 10, The following marker is diagnostic for B-cell lymphoma: a. LCA b. CD3 d. CD30 11. Multiple myeloma is: eas c. B-cell lymphoma b. Type of myeloid leukemia d. Inflammatory lesion of bone marrow 12. Burkitt's lymphoma: a. T-cell lymphoma ¢. A subtype of Hodgkin's lymphoma Salesian d. Low grade B-cell lymphoma 13.An old patient presented by cervical lymphadenopathy. Excisional biopsy and pathology show loss of nodal architecture by malignant lymphocytes. The most possible diagnosis is: a. Primary T8 of tonsit 4. Hodgkin's lymphoma ae. Metastatic dysgerminoma jon specific lymphadenitis 14.A 4Qyearold female presented with pancytopenia, fever, huge splenomegaly. This patient most likely has: 8. Asute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) d. Aplastic anemia b. Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) e. Myelofibrosis 15. Splenomegaly in schistosomiasis is due to: (eB ian veo smnsicn b. Intrahepatic impairment of the portal venous drainage ¢. Obstruction of the extrahepatic portal vein d. Obstruction of splenic vein 16. Gandy-Gamna nodules are: Dr. Fayed Al'YousolyPathology Exam Medical students/ Jibla University/ 3 hours a. Tumor-like mass in the spleen d. Precancerous lesion ee c. Granulomatous reaction 17.Hemolytic anemia is not due to: a. Hereditary spherocytosis d. Thalassemia b. Presence of autoantibodies Abnormal hemoglobin cc. Bone marrow hypofunction 18. Splenic infarction is common in: a. Iron deficiency anemia |G Sickle cell anemia b. Aplastic anemia e. Megaloblastic anemia c. Thalassemia 19. Leukoplakia is: a. Benign tumor ‘4. Premalignant lesion b. Inflammatory lesion e. Malignant tumor ¢. Tumor-like condition 20.Pleomorphic adenoma is: a. Benign epithelial tumor b. Benign mesenchymal tumor d. Malignant tumor 21.Which salivary gland tumor characteristically neurotropic: a. Warthin's tumor b. Mucoepidermoid carcinoma d. Acinic cell carcinoma 22. Tuberculosis of the urinary system usually affects:Pathology Examy Medical students’ Jibla University’ 3 hours asec ue b. Urinary bladder d. Prostate 23. Tuberculoma commonly affects: a. Kidneys Brain b. Bone d. Small intestine 24. Characteristic histopathological lesion for diabetic nephropathy Is: a. Microalbuminuria b. Renal papillary necrosis. Myeloma kidney c. Diffuse glomerulosclerosis 25. Syphilitic orchitis occurs in: ‘a. Primary syphilis d. Secondary syphilis e. All of the above c. No of the above 26. Tuberculous epididymitis mostly results from: a. Direct spread from testis b. Lymphatic spread from seminal vesicles and testis d. Primary infection 27.Schiller-Duval bodies are characteristic of: a. Dysgerminoma b. Choriocarcinoma d. Embryonal carcinoma 28. Bone metastases from prostatic carcinoma are usually: a. Osteolytic b. Associated with normal PSA d. Hemorrhagic 29. The following is not a feature of gonorrhea: Dr Fayed AFYousofyPathology Exam/ Medical students/ Jibla University/ 3 hours b. Mitral stenosis d. Tricuspid stenosis 36.Parotid cystic swelling: fine needle aspiration (FNA) shows epithelial cells that have eosinophilic cytoplasm and lymphocytes most likely: a. Lymph node d, Mucoepidermoid carcinoma (Ware TUmB)——« Peomorteadeoma 37.Syphiliic aortitis occurs in: b. Secondary syphilis d. Congenital syphilis 38, Bilharziasis of the male genital tract mostly involves: a. Epididymis and testis Ghiioce b. Spermatic cord 4. Prostate 39.All are true about urinary bilharziasis except: ela eSaasa |. The affection mostly affect the trigone and lower ureter c. Bilharzial ulcers are fissuring ulcers e |. Squamous cell carcinoma is a complication of urinary bilharziasis 40. Tuberculosis of the urinary system which is not true: a. Urinary bladder usually affects trigone gp eg eroejenrrcny tc ST UT ¢. TB cystitis should be suggested in patients with negative urine culture for bacteria d. Bilateral renal affection is usual Ill- Answer the following questions below (10 marks for each): 1- Compare between Hodgkin's and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma 2- Discuss rheumatic carditis, 3- Short assay on pathology of solitary thyroid nodule? Dr Fayed ALYousolyb aaa. the appropriate answer (one selection and a half mark for eacl 1. Autosomal recessive polycystic kidney (ARPKD / multicystic kidney) has the following features except: a. Multiple hepatic cysts ilateral disease cc. Tubular involvement 2. Regarding RCC which of the following least correct: a. Strong association with VHL b. Clear cell carcinoma is the most common ¥ Heriditary tumors are more F equerty bilateral and multifocal e. Hematuria is a common presentation 3. Which of the following is not derived from renal tubules: a. Clear cell carcinoma d. Oncocytoma b, e. Renal tubular adenoma ¢. Papillary renal cell carcinoma An adult with a renal tumor. Post resection histological diagnosed is oncocytoma. Which is true: a. Oncocytoma usually less than 2 cm. b, Intracellular fat is typical of oncocytoma a pares isnot me a Oma ma @, Itis a malignant tumor. 5. A 55 year-old male with large vascular renal tumor of the kidney on CT most likely to be: @ Oncocytoma if contains fat ‘© Renal b. eaten _ lesion like tuberculoma d. Non of above 6. The most common form of GN in adults is: ‘a. Minimal change disease ¢. Membranous b. Membranoproliferative GN d. Acute diffuse GN + 7. The * majoriy of membranous GN have the following etiology: SLE ¢. Viral infection b History of drugs 8, The following type of renal calculi are infection-induced: a. Calcium oxalate c. b. Uric acid d. Cystine All are true for testicular tumors except: a, Seminoma is the most common b. Lymphoma is most common in elderly Teratoma is et solid and roa 10. Prostatic hyperplasia affects most oft '@, Peripheral prostate C b. Capsule of prostate d. Entire prostat Yousoly » c,SIT pathology Select the appropriate answer. 1+ Allare true about hepatointestinal schistosomiasis except: ‘a. Postal hypertension causes: and pi . Intestinal polyps is the man intestinal pathology 4, GamnaGandy nodules occur in the spleen 2 Rectal biopsy revesled a non-caseating epitheliod cell granuloma, Most Ikely diagnosis is: 1B Ulcerative colts e d. Amebiasis 3 Inulcerative colitis, which is least correct: 2. Inflammatory pseudopolyps b, Continuous involvement pt abscess 4. Least polyp associated with malignancy i: ‘2. Turcot's polyp . Gardner's e 4d. Villous polyp 5 Cardiac cirthosis occurs in Hepatic bitharziasis 8: Patent wtheor puronaia Autoimmune hepatitis, |. Chronic viral hepatitis 6 Regarding liver cancer, which is the most correct answer: A rein) ier crhasma's mare common hr ve second B epatocetsa’earenoma lamar common ‘chollangiocarcinoma . Liver secondaries usually occur on top of cirrhosis and usually mutiple 4. Bilharzial periportal fibrosis usually leads to hepatocellular carcinoma if untreated. 7+ Which is ae for collagen deposition in cithosis: Kuplfer cell ¢. Lymphocytes 4. Hepatocytes macrophages 8 Which isthe least cause of fatty liver: a. Alcohol b. Mainutition ©. Hepaitie C De payed al ousoty ‘+ Themost common type of esophageal cancer is: a. Lymphoma 6. cist 4. Adenocarcinoma ‘10-What does nat cause acute pancreatitis: 'a. Alcohol . Gall bladder siones Abdominal raume ‘11-Which is not associated with portal hypertension: b. Portosystemic shunt €. Congestive splenomegaly 4. Hepatic encephalopathyGIT pathology |,Select the appropriate answer. 1- Parotid cystic swelling fine needle aspiration (FNA) shows epithelial cells that have eosinophilic cytoplasm and lymphocytes most likely: a. Lymph node d, Mucoepidermoid b. e. Pleomorphic adenoma c. HIV lymphoepithelial cyst The typical carcinoma that develops in association with Barrett's esophagus is: a. Epidermoid carcinoma d. Mucoepidermoid carcinoma B. Small cell earcinoma Adenocarcinoma cc. Squamous cell carcinoma p 3+ The development of peptic ulcer disease has been associated with all except: a d.Caffeine b. Alcohol e. Zollinger-Ellison syndrome c. Aspirin Which of the following tumors of small intestine have malignant potential: > a d. Hamartomatous polyps b. Juvenile (retention) polyps e. Leiomyomas c. Fibromas 5+ The commonest small bowel malignancy is: a. Adenoma d. b. Carcinoid tumor e. Lymphoma c. Gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) 6- The commonest small bowel malignancy is: a. Adenoma d. b. Carcinoid tumor e. Lymphoma c, Gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) A patient has had years of intermittent diarrhea and abdominal pain, but has never consulted a physician. Eventually he begins to pass fecal material in his urine and he seeks medical attention. Which one of the following diseases is most likely to cause this complication? 2. celiac disease o. MERRESSE e. Diverticulitis b. Ulcerative colitis d. Whipple disease 7 8- Discuss fate and pathology of chronic hepatitis C? Dr, Fayed Al-Yousofy