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Sumario

11

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Capítulo

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Introducción: moderno,
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contemporáneo

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Capítulo 2

Tres décadas después del fin del arte

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'.
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.
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, ji'
= 8 X D <6 &. = 3 ) . N X O
= ZY = X X < B U D % = & % F
N O % C< % !% el * $ ) I IJKL"IM & < < X
* % , 5$ . 8 X& = .< . . X = 8 X B ) ) . & <
< < B F C & <6= C & & ) V & 6 =
8 = . N5 . ) <P / -< & U D % = = % F )
= ) 8 X % % " % ? ) < < ?
E ) 6
. )

F el D 8 ) K = , E U D % , I
= 8 E % C & % < <
% + +? + / _ T & % & ) 6 % 6 . X < . U D % <
. 8 = ) < ) < ) ) % ? =
Y %. 6 % % D M & ? = % .
B & < = 6 Z < U D % % < ) <
% C ) C &
&
. X 8 & ) < X <= < X % &
) . < 6 1 = C = X 7 & C
= C . $ = 8 X N C O< = = = C
8 X . 8 ) < < < . 7 & X [ [ ?6
6% [J < 6 < ) = % C ?
, X B H X 8 C F . <
= ) % . X . . K = % =
< & ). % )
) < = < = B = &
<= % ) $ F % V 9 =
< % 6 ) = = C
" ) 8 <6 % 6 ? . < y < = = =
< . ) % / < % ) y . X
B 4 C2 ( 6 / <= Q ) ? = & & 6 6 . <=
) % V E 6 8 ) = ) D X B )
% % D 6 6 F & = X % ) < =
, K O # . = . y . = E % Ef ) &
) . . X = . 6 BB & = ) . %
V . 7 6 X = ) . X 2 % .
.= ) % & . < = & . % X&
8 X X 0$ & & =
& 6 )
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"$4 ,G' , 4 ,$4 3G4 ,$ H F ,$ " $

% & = & 6 . & ) H K .


X E & 6 = H < C 49 9 < <6 = ? ? . B =
D 4 = . ). = F C & --o < 8 ? . & )
y < E & 6 B B = . . =
< & ) < = <
% & 6 = E N % O6N % O . .
6 4 ) < % & < <
% 1 = )6 , % < = ?
=
) 3 C
<6 = %
= D % 6E < % = B 6 < ) .
& ) & & ) = F & %< Y
) < % ) < < = & 6 ) 6 = ) & 6
% = 6= ) % Z = &C %
= B . B& ) 6S & B
) = . %. B ( . 4 ) !$ 7 & < ) /#!
' = D := ) 6
< = % C
; & D ? % = = =
S & & ). & & 4 ) <6 ) %
6 < = <6 . B <
D < R 6 D A <
S ) % % % +N 6 = B 6 8 =
6 = & )
) < <
< F < < /
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E < ) @ A $ % ) = & 6 K K 6 U B
6 = B < 8 < <
) % <= = & 6 % 6 < = & 6
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B . ) ) $ ) & B = ) ' S &
= = ) ) 1 D A
$ < ) % : = S ;< S & = & & & ) E 6 < C 6
% < 6 <=
= % ) , % E ?
% < 6 ) % ?
) $ < < D = )
. 1 6 % = % % %
% ) < % .
S . % . < D E
% 3 L
. & ) E % < E =
< C ) < 6
6 % C< & % " &
< ) = .
< = ? ?
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) S & <
= & ). C C 4 < E <= &
. & ) <6= X
$ ) . & . . , E <
& 6 & % = . & & % % X . & < X
= % < D < ! $ % C N
% C < . & ) & & & = < B % % O< ) = N
& ) & ?& = & ) = & ) C = O $ N& ) .& & 66
) G 8 = . ) & < K < C K < < & <
K = < < C <
& ) 3 % C= & . < .
O -$ % /# < S & B
& X <& C X . % NY' . =
% % $ 4 E D = Z 3 ) . C B
= < . % < ) B <
) $ X < < = & O $
4 < = E ) < ) B $ @ < 6
= ) ) = ) . = % X
< " & < ) X % 6 % < N O S & = 6
% 6 ) < 6 < 5 6 5 < % 6 < 6 D = F = D
% < = X 3 ) . $ =
) B = & 6 ) 4 = ) 6
& . = = % X X
< X & ). &
<6 ) . = ). = $ = = X 4 =
& % = <6 & & X <6= & C
= & ) % )
= $ = = 6 <& 6 ) 3
= D . <
, & 6 < & 6 6&
, & 6) < & 6 ) %%
" /+! 6 = K = & ). D 1 = & =
% % % . 5R ) = < & <) ) =
= % $ . = 5R % . ) %% < .
<6 ) ) %% X
X9 % 7 B6$ X = X
K /+! = & & & . & = ) Y8 = ) Z 7
< 6 = % C ) ) & & 0] % . = X
6 & N ) D % & & & & & . = % X
% ) O< 6 ) = 7 B )
1 % " 7 B 6 $ C <
B < X N % ) O & <
= . )
"$4 ,G' , 4 ,$4 3G4 ,$ H F ,$ " $ 61

tivismo lógico, como lo era «pseudorelación», que aparece en «The Elimination


F5 4
of Metaphysics through Logical Analysis of Language» de Rudolph Carnap, en
4 ) // < K A. J. Ayer, % & / "( < m., H < / /< # 6
/ , B ( % + %
) J % ) J // ( % & " F % V 9< 8 " R< /+/
% C = . % - U 7 B6H &$ <N & ( 6O< " ) ' 9
B = : ;< 9 G1 2 " F % V 9< S S F < / +< #- :
) ! "A < 2$ < /++;
% / + = ) ( " 4R < NS& Z R + < O< #!
= < % C< = . : % ) /# ;< #
$ % & 3 D < .
<' ) <' ) 3 % 6 < /#

) <
) ) & & C / ) .
( ) 6 # V% ? A <&
9 "' ) <7 < //-< /
! ( % "
' ) <8 % 3 % 6 < /+ < !1 6 & %
% " F % V 9< ' ) 3 % 6 < /+#<

V< <& & ) & B & &

# ( 2S H 8 < & 3 " F % V 9< S 6 A 9 ' < /!!<


// : %% $ ! / "7 <
C < ///;
M 9 /% " M < 8 7 ' ' <
//-< +
+ 7 < N$ 6< / O< 9 ( % ", <( " &
< //!<
/ ( ) < ( % 1 ( % " V<
IK G G + 0 % 2 "A ) " : ;< A 9 6
6 M <3 % 6 ' < // <
Fran~oise ( 6' 9 < &% " F % V 9< % A 9 < /#!<
#/ : % &% "A <$ A< //+;
I A <9 ;2 ; + " '& <3 % 6 '& <
/#!< - ? -
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$ A< //+;
! 8 < % " : 1 % " < ;
7 8 <N & 5 & R 9O< & "
'& <3 % 6 '& < /#!< - ? -
# 4 % S <0 + 7 % / G# "F %
V 9< )) % < // < +!
B U D % << % % 3 " . <( <
/#+< ! #
+ R S < % % G& % " <"
U < / J K $ = ( % : C <7 <
/ ;< ! -- N O ?
?-??? ????????---------"
????? ??----~----

Capítulo 3

Relatos legitimadores
y principios críticos

& % = %
< B& ) =
. E ? D <Q
& ) O 4& 9 ? 4 = & = ) .
C 6 . < & =
% ) , <
N & ) < & ). . O< <
N < . ) . O V ?
) % & ) =
& ) 6 . & ) & .
= & .
< & < < $ .
& ) ) % C
6 ) : . & %
;< 6 = &
, ?8 6U & R : / -;< ) < ++ ? / L 6 C < --<# 6= & 6 ) = &
B <+ ' ( ) W. '& '& A )
( < /!+ # H . b //#< '& <
& %
? -
~ ~- ----~--

"$ 54 $( 7 ,5"$4 V " F' 54 '" '54 #

& )D D . ) 9 )$ . < 6
= ) < . $ 6 <7 & R
6 %) & E $ , ) ( $ " E
/- < Y= < < . = K G 6 = & )
& . ) ) /- C 6
/ C* 5 ' / B ) ) , %
8 9 6< = R R 6 .
Y= . = /# . ) K B O< N D C
% < C < <= % ( 7 & R < 9 ?4 C : ) )
) = )D < & ). ) . ) < D =
) Z$ < ( Y= . 9 < & <
7 Z' ( & ) & < 6 $
NT O & , 9
= 6 & ). = = 6 < ) % B % "
7 ) J < & ) C = ) D %
% < 7 & R F ) ) & ) D C
7 <6 & ) < . ) $
) G & < = &
D . & . < . ) & C .
$ < ( .
& . ] = % $ ) & = < = C
' < = & ). & = &
= & ) < =
6 . $ = &
& < < 6
% ) & 6 % 6 * % F ) < ) D < %
& 3 =
, < % = & . = . . % & $
) % 8 ) & )D % < = &
= & ) = = & E . % = % & E
. < ) = . . = % % ?
< ) <% & ) ?
< . = % < & & = . & 6< < . = = 4 U
< 6 & . ) B , D . 6 % < .
' ) % < = 6 < = E 6 )
1
4 C ( N O< & & = % <
. = < & < ) % % Y7
% 4 & ) & . D B Z YW . Z Y] & . . %
& . Z, ) = & 6 %
) = E . . 6 D A <
% . % & = . /# <
& ). ) <D ). ) E % .
= & ). < & < C = & % ) .= B & )D
$ F % V 9 7 & R
= = (
/ #< 6 .
"$ 54 $( 7 ,5"$4 V " F' 54 '" ' 4 #

% ? )D % < X D 6 < = & ) = 3 & = 4 =


) )D % = ) = %
< B . F K 1
( 7 & R < D & = J

. ) 7 & R ? V & 6 =
E & X
& $ % & 6 . = %% 6
) = B . $ & C . &
C E & ) ) ) ) =
) = & ). 4 ) % F &
) <
% & ) < K
) = = %% X )
= ?? . ?& . ) = . 6
6 & C H = B ) ) % = ) 6
C 6 & ) $ 4 <Y . & Z6
) = . < = . & ) +/-< )
= ) . 6 ) <D
3 . $ = < S < ) 6
D < % D
< K = 6 = B . 6 3 . = )
)D % < < <=
) & ) <= B . = ) <D
& )D % $ 4 ) < & = . < < A +/- 8 6
D & .< ) V = & . 6 <
% )D % & F & 6 = = = D %
C <% % S & < B ) =
) < < < = 6
B & 7 B6$
+/- ) F )
!
& F
B 6 = . & . 6 F
C = . & )
= & 6 = &) & 6 E =
&) = = .
$ B ( % ) &) 6 0F & 6
" / <8 &S ) . ) = = ) X

. D $ ) ?? & 6 ? )
& F ) <6 & < 2 ) 7 B6
2
$ < ) = = < 6 ) .
& = = < = <& 6
6 < & 6 E y
4 < 7 D 6 D ) = = 1
% = < = D
X 4 9 <( & " & <"
= % % < 9 <A F < 4& % <U 67 <6 E
C = % C = F & =
,$4 3$4 ,$ H F ,$ " $ "$ 54 $( 7 ,5"$4 V " F' 54 '" ' 4 #/

$ < < < % ) = 6


= K C C & X < ?
6 6 ) D % . 6 C = = )
V < ) D & = ) % % $
D & % & ? ) < % < . X
. & X = % NY] Z@ $ %
? < ? $ 6 < 7 <= B /#! $ = X
& 6 % . & % C= =
. B 6 . = 7 B % & % ) E % . < = =
6 . E & $ ) < . . )
. %! ' % X < . < .) = D < X & X ? 5 < =
% 7 E = X .? = & 6 < . <
< & 6 ) & < < = %
% ) $ % < ' . C
& < & %% % . . X . 2 ) )
& = D & = . $ % % . .
& X < = = = = = ) .
6 & %. ) = X B % X =
$ & % % & )D % < ) : % ; 6 < $ .
& . 6
< = = . . & )
) ) <6 X X & $ ) =
% 6 ) C < ) <
D = ) < . 8 < < < ) <
= D < <= ) < < < ) $ <
& ) , . & < = ) < %
< ) % < ) . = = <6 < &C % = & 6
B < ) F & 6 = . ) =
< = & ) ? V X 6< D < X
< ) < D < X I E X% $ X X
J < X ' X4 . <
% 5 . <6 & = = .?= 7 & % < = ) B
) N7 O & ) <& ) = ) % < =
. <= B ) &
= < X & % C X [ [< [[ $
B . & <6= < < N O!
< < $ . F & ). ) 6 =
. = ) < & ). & < = E ) X
) % X % < < < =
< < ' ) $ ) = &
% X < . B % C 6 <6
C V = & ) & ?
"$ 54 $( 7 ,5"$4 V " F' 54 '" ' 4

= . y & ) < = = &


% = ? 6 = $ . )
< < 6 ?? V
& '& < . ) <
% = < % ) D < C C
% = 6 % " < = ) % C
& ) . = B = = & D <D C ) D 6
E F = D C B ( ) &
. . ) N . ) O< < N& 6 O< = B
8 < & < % < . < & D = & 6
C % ) <6=
< N P
% 6 6 E) =
C 7 : ;= ) D $ % ) = < =
= = ( [< D ) = % :' = ) D
= N % O< y < . <y= ) D <
< N % = ) ;#4 ) <
O % <6 ) 6 . = < < )D
< = 6 . < . 6 ) % C=
% = 8 6
% & 6 %. =
. E <
= < . = ) % 6 < C <
= 8 6 & . <y < . 8 )
= . , ( ) &< ) % <
= < < = 6 % $ E = %
% ) D <6 & & =
% )
. . ) % ?
C < 6
) ) ) . -- /--?< & ). )
& = . 6
% <6 & 6 =
F
= = % < = %
% )
< % = % <y
' < <6 C < % % = = = % .
) J = % D ) % & ) = .)
% 6 % < ) ( ) & = N
< % ) & O< % <N =
% & $ % C % & O := % N =
= % G = 4 & O; % < &
$ ( ) & B B * $ ) & & 1= . J )
J - % , % " % " % ) 6= ) .
< = < = ) &
& F % = < 6 =
= = " ) )
= <
,$4 3G4 ,$ H F ,$ " $ "$ 54 $( 7 ,5"$4 V " F' 54 '" '54

( ) & ) & & < % ' = & 6


) 6 4 U % = = % .<
& C . % = < & 6 = 8 6
6 D < <6 ) D 6 < < B <
( ) & & C = B $ =
% = % = =
% . % & & %
) % % ) < < $ < B " &
) % <+ ?? ( ) &?N C S & < % <
% < O/G ) 6 D & % C B < D C ) D
& = D C $ % ) H = &C = D
N O< - = = " <
. ) % . ) V =
= N O <6 & . ? ). ? = ).
& . % E G
) <= = ( ) &
4 ) < C = . % % =
. < % C < % $ C % < 6
) ? = = ) = %
$ E <( ) & = % < . =
D & ). ) < = =
l1
( < D 4 B el 4 = C % . < 6=
J <6 < . = el %
& ). N D C O 8 ). %
.) ^= 4 ) < ).
= % D % = K ' . J < . . < %
& . N O = % <= . =
. = $ ( ) & % C . D < ) 9
? = & 6) C = % ? N
) . % 3 NF =
C< ) 6 % < =
, & 6 & ) = < %% _ T D <
. OI = . , & ) % 6 1= )
. = % = % el O\ J < <
) = & ) % ) B 6 ) ( N$ O< )
= % % . <N = 2 = & ) ) ) <
& ) , 1 ) , 6 = &
% < . = & ) %%
B & ) <
= ) ) O !' = =
= y E el
& % C =

4 J $ (
B
"$ 54 $( 7 ,5"$4 6 " F' 54 '". '54

& & % %
( 7 6 = ) 6 < .
FK 4 ( . &
) = & <6= . 6 O H6 = N & &
& ) ) % 6 B ) C O E) N=
[J = C = 6=
( = . = C = C )
& ? ) ) B O $ / < % =
( ?< < ? N ) B B 6
J ) <= % 4
O F ) ) < 1 % <
) < 6 =
C & = . & ( < . . = % % _ T, & & <
= . = & O@A D < % <
D C $ 8 A < D < & = ) = . ) D = . < = )
"6= G
J = <& 6 < = ) K
( < = . % J
% V = H 6)
: & D % ,
8 = . ; F ) <J B ) " <= % . ) D
% ( < ( & ). D = < = & ).
= & = . & .

$ ) H6 C %
= C & % <
& & = = % %
= ) 6 . )
F ) < . = = ?= ). < = . < = & ). = %
) ? 7 = < . = = E C J
% & ) E 8 B <H 6 C %
6 J D < 6 N O ' = = N
K = & & < O 3 D . = .
= J & ). D " & ) & 9 < N .
= % O< = < < N ) 6 < . C
O H6 = N . E D )
= < = K % < C . [ O< D %
% = < . < % $ . N = = .<
" H6 B F . %% ) , . O$
. ( / < C N' % )% = . H6 J ? < <
B & K . < ? = J < & E
E) 6 % C = B . % @. 6
% . < % =
< = H6 & =
4 % & & % J H6
& = <6 ) %
"$ 54 $( 7 ,5"$4 6 " F' 54 '" ' 4 77

< X % X / N3 % B < % @ @ ) <


% < & D 6 C % ) < 6 & X )
< & ) . ) %
V & X D =
& = X < &. <) = = ) % < = & 6 & =
) $ H6 < = @ @< = . B K < % & ) 6<
= = % < O<2 $
< D ) = & X = @ O ) ) D < < D <
$ C B X = & & N O ?
= ) X < = X % T = , ?
) & =
= U & R
= % = < < =
) < < @ O $ = < X <6 . =
C $ < H6 < X ) ) X
K K % <6 . $ & = )
. = % ) : D ) < < C
%; ;< 6 = 6
Q P ) < % %
D 6 C $ U & R
& & & & &
$ X H6 ) . H6 6 U & R % %
X& & = )) ) % = = = C D . <
) 4 = U 96 % X ) / -< = . N O & 6 . =
K B . ( <6 = . ) = $
= % % D ) = K X <H6 X < < X 6 % 1
N ) O 8 ) ) < ) & . < ) N ) = % < ?
D C <6 D C6 )
) ? E % ?O< 6 = QQ E ) O
) H6 ) B <6
% = & 6 = N ) 6 % <
) & D ) D = = ) D
O F = = % % <= = < 6 % ) &
& C X D < . ) = ) ) X
F )% = H 6 & & & 6 QQ D O ' < / < < 6 =
% < / %* - ( C U 96< D = N E % C %
V ) B % ) D . % =
) O # H6 = X ) D H66U & R %
). = E = = % . 8
= . 4 2 /- $ 6' ) X
'
$ QQ D O< = & ) H 6<
. Ahora llegamos a la más asombrosa galería en este Salón tan rico en sor-
) <, ?8 6U & R B presas. Aquí toda descripción, todo informe, lo mismo que cualquier crítica, se
I
78 ,$4 3G4 ,$ H F ,$ " $ "$ 54 $( 7 ,5"$4 V " F' 54 '" ' 4 /

% % ) < = = = .? = ) . = <
? E ? < ) ) < = %
C < D < < % & . $ ) D <
6 B ) ) K % 6 ) =
= D D = ) ) F % B 6 X
_ T . ) < < < E . X E
) . = < D E D < D 6 = C < ) . $
) . % % @ & & ) = <
= & . =
J 6 D ) N E
O< 6 ) X& & = B B $ % <H 66U & R % <
= % B = < . < ) =
) H6 6 = .< <& 6 C . 6 < = %
B& ) = = H6 % < = & .
) ) = . < = .
) = ). = ) % % = &
F = = ) = < )
B $ ) D % K < B E) 6 = . 6 X
) D < = % 7 = < ) < %C <
C G ) 6 B < U & R <= =
C < B& ) = % ) B = = . 1
H 6< ) = & . ,
$ ) % < = % D < < 6 6 & & < B % =
S 4 R A < B& ) ' C <J ( &< 7 6 )D = = V6
< D E : & C ; = QQ B = % C . & ) & = D C
) B O / 9 % ). = & ). % <6= ) %
% % D B F % % & ). ) H .
7 &< /-/ N8 6 ) B B % < 6 <
) <= = 6 . ) % & = 6 . )D F H 6 ni U & R <
) < = = . % C < ) = % % <
= 6 ) X % ' = XE = C %
6 % & O 5F < & ' % ' ( ) <= . . $
6 ( 4 < A %% = ( ) %
% ) = % < < ) X
N4 6 % D ? % $ = ( )
" 6 6 + 6 + +O< ) <6 B
. ( =
' K % )
= H6 $
% . 6 ?
,$4 3G4 ,$ H F ,$ " $

F5 4

@$ 7 D Y ) D Z4 = A
= ) O< % ( % " F % V 9< J
A 9 <F,< ) < c /: % "7 <$ < //+;

8 & S# <& % 3 + & $ / 0


" F % V 9< , % ) < B: ( %
"7 <$ ?' < ///;
8 7 < @4 O< 9 " < & < / <
+ : @ O 2 $ "A
<$ < / < ! ;
! T &7 N & $ H O< K = @ O
6N O <= N O< 6 &. = C
= % = 6=
C < = C
. NF % F % $ " 6 7 O<
8 T % 6 J 99 " : ;< 1 "
F % V 9< 8 < //#
4 % & < NF 7 7 T ) Z% [O< B ; " / 6 //!<
/<
# T & ?8 6< ( " F % V 9< )) % < /+ <
$ ( ) &< < + 0 & % &%
2 " < 3 % 6 < / #< !< ++ :
* "7 <, ) < //+;
+ U < % 0% % % / " F % V 9< A A 9 < / /:
* % / %* % ! % "7 < < /+ ;
/ ( ) &< < " : * "7 < , ) < //+;

- ). < #: * "7 < , ) < //+;


). < +: * "7 < , ) < //+;
). < #: * "7 < , ) < //+;
( J < / 9 1 & " 0% " % % "
<A , 6< +#+< < +! : - %
, % " % "7 < < //+;
! ). < /+ : - % , % "
% "7 < < //+;
" H 6< N & H & ? O " <
A 9< / < /! : * C "A < < /++;
# " H 6< " & ' 9< + / G( (
"F R8 % <V 3 % 6< //!< +
, ?8 6 U & R < A <& 9 " /
+ A " & < ( $ 9 1 + ( ( % "A < &
A 7 < /+ < +/
/ S 4 R A <9 + & / 1/ " +++?
/ !< <7 4 9 < / /? / -< !
- ' A & < / GK 1 $ + H . T 9 9 7 & 8 "
( " F % V 9< ) < //!< ! 9 ) "/ /!/ © F'
Capítulo 4

El modernismo la crítica
del arte puro: la visión
histórica de Clement
Greenberg

$ ) D & $ " ) +/ <


" ) < <
= & <6 %
& & . &
= = . & <
< < & .

D
% < 6 % = . = )
6 % < & 6
' ) 6( & :
. J ; 7 M < 6
" $ .) = ) = "
B . N % O< " <
< = C = C
) ) <
. O %
????----------,

$ 75,$"F 475 6 '" ' ,$ " $ 3"5 +

( 4 $ % ) < <
<6 B = ) & .
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Capítulo 5

De la estética a la crítica del arte

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DESPUÉS DEL FIN DEL ARTE DE LA ESTÉTICA A LA CRfTICA DEL ARTE

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Capítulo 6

La pintura el linde de la historia: el


final de lo puro

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LA PINTURA Y EL LINDE DE LA HISTORIA: EL FINAL DE LO PURO


# ,$4 3G4 ,$ H F ,$ " $

) . < = ni era necesario insistir en que la última fuera tratada como escultura para que
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) ' 6 :' 6 4& ; 4& :4& % ; ) ) C <6 = D I X
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Capítulo 7

Arte pop futuro pasado

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B . E $ 3 < F % V 9 < = D %
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Capítulo :LO

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1 E)
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% <N O ) < = B
G = B < %% V D & & = =
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J % ) 6 . ) < ) = ).
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6 . ' < % <
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H < & ) $ $ 3 E) 6& )


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) E
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E) < ) ? 6 E) ? C =
< = < ) D . 6
= 6 = B& ) $ < % <
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?? & < 6 E) ??O # ) D < = & ) & 6


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7 F 7 D S & < % < N O<
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<6= % E) O y $ .
% < <= = 6 ) . 4
6 Z: = N O 6 ) C . = = % . E
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) & & &
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B = C D , % C & 6 D < 6
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% : N O; ' $ ) < = X 6 % C
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& ) ) < 6 & X B < 6
= 8 = . ' . ) el <
% +
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B 9 & %
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8 6 )D 4 = ) F = B " 9
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= < = & 6 < C 6 = X <
$ % ) D %% B <6
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= 6 B 4
< & <
F ) < )D % B $ ) X . . y = %
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B
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<=
4

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1 & N O 6 < ) %
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J % A D % . = < 7 & XA < D < % % X =
X = . < ) D & ) ) =
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= = < ) ) ) 6 % C < < . # TE
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= P????< X < & X < p~si
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6 ) & ) < = % & ) 6 D D X X
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) = = ) 6 = 4 art~ ~ m~sm~ .tlem~o & D '& X$
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$ & ) 6< /+ < ! ? ! @
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9 "A 9 6 < & A 96 7 < /++< J ) ~<Part 5
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# T< . X ) A 96 7 " CC < /++< #? #
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I & " 9 < < 8 < 2 ; + 1


B "F R8 % V 3 % 6 < /+ < #
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7 & A N8 O 7 6I I ): ;< (
% + $> % & 0% ( % 4 A 6 < // <
+? /
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//
+ ' < " F % V 9< & 4 " ( & 7 <
/ /< / ? /#

) < " C //! " C


' '& 6
Capítulo

Modalidades de la historia:
posibilidad y comedia

< < % . <


. < & & =
< N O &
% $ < = & 6
% 6 D &
% . <6 &.< )
) D <, % ' ) & & = <<el
)D % . , =
O; & 6 & ) ) <
( % " ) 6
. < = =
= & 6< < . D 6
% <
8 < = & 6 =
= % F . = N ' 6
) < & 6 % 6 % O< I
% ' = I
,

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) < < = = & 8 E & = ) D


& = % < = % < < B &
E < . ' ) < = & %
% < = % & C B % & = $ = )
% C < = <D = < ) < =
& . $ <= ) = = = ) ).
. ) & % % 8
% <6 & & ) % < )
6 I% D ) ) N = &
I
8 6 ) 6 % C
< r D < ; < );
D ) = ) 6
" % D
1
I

= ) 4 O# $ . < . = ) = D
C B < < ) ) . . & = ; 6 );
4 = . < 8
6 . = B $ . ) ) D = . <
B & B = % %.$ . = < = 8 )
" < & C & ) N O 7
= ) D ) <6 &. = D 6 .
% % % . ) < 6
< = ) < D < < ( % " &C
= ) ; 6 ); =
4 D < ) )6 4 ) ; % % 6 );
$ ( ) & % = N & 6 % % < <
O<2 = <( ) & ) 6 B <
= , & 4
y ) & = H D
7 ) < < D 7 $ 0 y " =
& B C , & 6S & (y % ;
C = ) < & . $ < ) <y
6 = ) ) : 6; % = %
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7 ) = & ) ). < 6 . ) 7 = <
= & 6 ' < & ). 1 D
) < B ) 6 ' =
< . := ) ) ;
N$ O
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6 < . = 6 y < = =
, 9 ) = . ) ) =
R C & & % ) y % =
)
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6 ' ) = B ) < ) $ R 4 <


B = B D ) : .
= Q< ) . N O; 8 % . 6 D
= ) ) 4 ) ) & & B : D ; =
< 6 = )E = -< . < & < =
% . < 6 . = 8 B < )% 4
ND O = % & % = . D
6 % . D < ) < & < < %
8 6 E = 6 = & % D & < % = & 6
) < <= ) = B
)D = ) : N ) O & < ) .
; /# . & ) C +# # 3 )% < = .1
4 ) B % = ) & < =
& < % . % ) D ' & < = .
& < = = S & ) . B $ % < = & 6
NF ) = <6 & ) & =
O+ & % = % = %
B = 6< % C ) . < ) . %
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( ) &< < % <6 & ) = ) ) &
) * N B = & 1
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& <6 = & <6 . = < & & & C '
, & < < <' = = = <
% & 6 4 & ) = . < ) % C B )
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. & <6 = $ R & & ) )
= < % C < ND O V
% & = <
& <' := &
. ;6 := & 4 B & 6
& C ; . & ) D < & 6 D <
) E :, ) & = D % . .
. 6 :F % = N& ) O )
) ; B & ;$ = < < & 6
$ N O & C < = ) = 6 D $ <
) 6 B . ) < = 2 =
' % & % : & , &. = < <%
; % D & < 6 < D
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= < X < = % 8 6 = 6
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D 6 & 6 X $ = ) = )
% ' ) -o y & = .
& ) <
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N ) O & 6 ) <%% = % . D <
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N & O Y] & = % B < <
8 & S) < % C B < = & 6 <y
) = Z N' O< <N . = $
) % < = O< N E X = ) B < .
) . = D % A $ ) -- ) = E
& O4 ) % & 6 $ =
<6 = ) < & % < B
X ) N ) O V < ) <
H 7 X . & & 4 % )
& = % = . = . C K ? @NA J < A I & ) <
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) = ) <6 ) // ) ) =
= V E . 4
= & 6 < ) .
< % C & % X X
] ) = & 6 < % C
) ) < = % )
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& 4 = ) < =
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B % % < ) < ) < D ) < = ) & <6
D & 4 < = = 6 & <%
= Y] = ) ZF ) X C & X .
) X = ) & & ) D % = % & 6 . % D = &
X & ) % < % % <
S) . < & ? )
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& < E . ) )
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% . . = %! . 6
& ] <6 = & E =
% N( R % , <
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= O< ) < N% < ) 6<


E < < = B < . C =
= ) % D $ ). % = < ) .
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). 6 ).
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= ) A 6 & < . ? =
) & $ ) A < Y= ? < D < C .
= K . ) &Z y %. < B ? ? V % A ) &
< < ) D 6 ? ) QQ O= . & )
< ) . = ! & 8 6 .
= [J .
$ < ) % < % E = ) ) B = % )
6 <6 ) <6 ) . %
% QQ % ) & O D % ) ) =
E ) % ) = A 6 ) & .< & 6 Y' & ) ' % B .
6 = A < C ' < = ?N = . = O? & <6 ' )
N % . B = . = ) D
% ) % & O< ( Z ) % . & ) % < . <
S y = S ) ) = N % O = . = < " 6 = =
A 6, ' = ) &6A < = . : < =
' = ) = < = = ) D < ) . )
<= ) = N05 &XO ) ) C ;
N = = O S < ) D & Y= . & )
& C < A . B XVI ? ( = S ) QQ . ) %
N ) = . = % :G N, OZ Y' . = = .
= . = O% D & % < ZG < < D 6
= = % B 6
= % QQ % & O
= % % = .
& D ) & $ H 6 ) % C= N . &
6 < A 6 $ ) < =
= = . = =
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= ) . % = B ) = % 6 = % C
% 1 ) O !

& <6 = E
& B
$ ' % & )
< . ' < 7 . ' C N . O & < 6 C = .
. % . = ) %
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% < ) % = % A $ ) // X; $ B )
%% & ) 6 D D < < % <=
%% 6 = ) ) %% 1 < D <
= %% 16 = <6 )D . $ )
%% 6 < % % & < <
?= 6 . ? D % 6
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= % % -< < %% . = K 4 % = <
& <6 %% < = = ) & & <
%% $ C %% . B = = 6
< <, ] D <= ) B & 6< ) =
% = % : = ;< = = NY] = ) C ZO
] B < = & % ) C . K &
) < =
C % = % %. % % %
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%% . < . % < ) & ) D = & <
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C / -< A 9" 6S % 4 ) 6 X )
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% & < B < 6& =
& 6A 9" G ? < = D %
? . % =
% . 2001. F & 6 % =
= % ) % % ' % % S# ( <A 6A
6 D K 6 15 E < . % = . =
& 6 = ) % % % % <
<6 = <= < J % < 6 4 (
) $ . & 4 & ) % A % %. < . & )
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& & = & 4 ) A <& ). A ) & F = E
< . %. = A . A <
B N % O% S 1= D QQ A . ( < = ) ) &. % 4 )
D % O # = . & )
) C C < = & ).
% :0 ) ) & % " ' H 7
% = . ?
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A 16 % % 6 6 ) D = . C % O< 6 )
A 1A . C 7 6( < B % C + !; = H ) &
E . . & ) .< ) 6 ) & <
. & = = = ) [[ 6 =
< ( : D 6 ; C & ) )
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& ) ) % ( & ) & & H ) & ) = % C
( 6 6 ) & ( ) = 6 % < %
<6 & ) <& ) ( < I $ , 6 < < % 6
( & ) D $ ) = < B &
6 = <H ) &
' ) ( 4 = < & =
B ) <& & +#/ ( 6 B S = QQ % & O
H ) &< + = ) , & & <H ) & ) . & ) & &
= ). < ) 6 K < ( < =
. C = ) 6 ) % = ) , & & < )
$ K < = =
& & % $ & ). B
% 4 < 6< < ). < ) & ) .
" & ) H ) &= . B. = % $ 0 & )
) = < ? % K
) ? < < % X F = ) & ). <
. < ? & ) B H ) & = & ) )
< ) H ) &%% = )
= ) 1 & ). B )
A % y % <
, " ) < ) 6 ) 6 %*
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) $ H B ) 7 N ) O
N O [J ( % A < & B 4 &
6 ) K 6 B 3 & )
" 6 = ) % = = =
% & < 6 B ) = N0$ .XO
F = H ) & & 6 . B ) N4
<6 ) = & ) ) O ) & 4 E
C B % = H ) & F ) = ( =
) ) ) ) 6 = 4 . &
+#/ : <@ 6 6 l' $ +# N O < ) = . & )
7 < N = & ). . & & $
) < = )
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K 4 ) < & ).
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< < < 4 & )
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< . < =
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% = %%
// ) <
F . .
$ < = <=
& = D <6
6 4 < = <
= ) ' $ E
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J K % J 7
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& % D
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A / < D <6 6 D 1
= ) B . = % =
6 % " ) < . 4
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9 $ B ; . ) 4
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) 6 <J 7 . =
C <
J . )
C < = < <' " )
& )
< . & = ( )
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U :? D < D
6 7 )
6 ? < & &
% ' <= 6 <
J 7 = % C $
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