Abdominal Muscles:

- Divided into two main sections:

1) Anterolateral (Anterior and Lateral) 2) Posterior
- Relaxation of the abdominal muscles cause diaphragm to
contract -> Inspiration

31
Contraction of the abdominal muscles causes diaphragm
relaxation -> Expiration
- The main layers of the Anterolateral Abdominal Wall:
1) Skin
2) Superficial Fascia: A connective tissue consisting of two
layers:
1- Superficial (Fatty) -> Camper's Fascia
2- Deep (Membranous) -> Scarpa's Fascia
Between them are the superficial vessels and nerves.
3) Muscles
4) Parietal Peritoneum

Lateral Anterior Posterior

- External Oblique - Rectus Abdominalis - Psoas Major
- Internal Oblique - Pyramidalis - Psoas Minor
- Transverse Abdominal - Quadratus Lumborum
- Iliacus

Lateral Muscles:
-

- The Thoracolumbar Fascia: is a fascia on the lower back.

- The Linea Alba: A fibrous structure from the Xiphoid Process to
the Pubic Symphysis.
- Anteriorly, each of the three muscles of the lateral muscles is an
Aponeurosis surrounding the Rectus Abdominis in a sheath.
The Aponeurosis of the External Oblique is anterior, the one of
Internal Oblique is divided (one anterior and one posterior), and
the one of the Transverse Abdominal is posterior. They all join
back at the Linea Alba. 7

- Muscles:
1- External Oblique Muscle:
Origin Insertion Innervation Function
- Lower 8 ribs (5 -12) - Xiphoid Process - Lower 5 Intercostal - Flexion and Contralateral
- Linea Alba Nerves (T7 – T11) Rotation of Torso (Torso
- Inguinal Ligament - Subcostal Nerve T12 means the trunk of the
- Iliac Crest human body).
- Ant Sup Iliac Spina ASIS
- Pubic Tubercle
- Pubic Crest

2- Internal Oblique Muscles:

Origin Insertion Innervation Function
- Thoracolumbar Fascia - Ribs 10th to 12th - Thoracoabdominal - Bilateral:
- Iliac Crest - Linea Alba Nerves (T7 – T11) (It’s a Compresses abdomen
- Inguinal Ligament - Pectineal Line (on the branch of the intercostal) - Unilateral:
pubis) via Conjoint - Iliohypogastric Nerve L1 Ipsilateral Trunk Rotation
Tendon - Ilioinguinal Nerve L1
 &The

I
fibers criss-crossing:
are
give strength
1. Internal t

2External I
-

3- Transverse Abdominal Muscles: 3-Transverse

Origin Insertion Innervation Function

- Iliac Crest - Xiphoid Process
- Inguinal Ligament - Linea Alba
- Thoracolumbar Fascia - Pubic Crest
- Costal Cartilages 7 – 12 - Pecten Pubis (on the
pubis) via Conjoint
Tendon
- Thoracoabdominal - Maintenance of the
Nerves (T7 – T11) (It’s a abdominal tone
branch of the intercostal) - Increase intra-abdominal
- Iliohypogastric Nerve L1 pressure
- Ilioinguinal Nerve L1
from
↳ plexus

- Both Internal Oblique Muscle and Transverse Abdominal are

bound to the Pubis by the Conjoint Tendon (Inguinal Flax), but
the External Oblique Muscles is connected to the Pubis by the
Superficial Inguinal Ring.
Internal

very,
-
Sup
The Inferior Lumbar (Petit's) Triangle:
Anteriorly: External Abdominal Oblique - External
Posteriorly: Latissimus Dorsi
3 Inferiorly: Iliac Crest
In this triangle, herniations occur; a lumber hernia is called a W

Petits Hernia.

Anterior Muscles:

- The Rectus Sheath (Fascia):

Contains both muscles of the Anterior Wall. Divided into
anterior and posterior laminae.
1- Rectus Abdominis
- Separated from its fellow of the opposite side by the Linea Alba
- Has P 6 bellies (6 packs)
Origin Insertion Innervation Function
- The Crest of the Pubis - 5th,6th, and 7th costal - Thoracoabdominal - Flexion of the Lumber spine
cartilages Nerves T7 – T11 (Brings the rib cage to the
- Costoxiphoid ligament - Subcostal T12 hip or the hip to the rib
- Xiphoid Process
- Vascular Supply: Sup and Inf Epigastric Arteries.
- Antagonist: Erector Spinae
2- Pyramidalis
- Action: Tensing the Linea Alba.
L
↳Ty-Tngive Phoracoabdominal an

Subcostal N. L Plexus
↳Te I
give
 Posterior Muscles:

Origin Insertion Innervation Function Antagonist

Psoas Major - Transverse - Lesser Trochanter L Plexus: L1 – L3 - Flexion of Hip - Gluteus
processes of T12 of the Femur Maximus
– L5
Psoas Minor - Bodies of T12 - Pectineal Line and - L1 (Ant ramus) - Weak trunk - Erector Spinae
and L1 Iliopubic Eminence flexion
- The interverteb.
Disc btw them
Quadratus - Iliac Crest - 12th rib T12, L1 – L4 - Unilateral:
Lumborum - Transverse Lateral Flexion of
processes of L1 – L4 vert column
- Bilateral:
Depression of the
rib cage
Iliacus - Sup part of the - Lesser Trochanter - Femoral Nerve - Flexes and - Gluteus
Iliac Fossa of the Femur rotates the thigh Maximus

- Lumbar Lordosis: The shortens of Psoas Major causes

compression of the L Discs
- Iliacus + Psoas Major = Iliopsoas

External
->
and internal
Lumborum

↳
(
Quadratus
Oblique Muscles

Psoas Minor
-S
Psoas Major
Transverse Abdominal

-2
Iliacus
↳ Lateral

Post
Pyramidalis
About is
-> Ant