Telue Engineering

Institute

Second Year: Second Semester: 2018

CEB 272 FIELD TRIP REPORT

ENGINEERING PRODUCTS AND SITES IN LAE

NAME: SIAVA KURRY NAKUNGA

ID #: 1600063

Date: 16th-17th of Aug 2018

Table of Content Page
Introduction…………………………………………………………………………………………….2
1. Markham Culvert
1.1. Safety on Production Site……………………………………………………………………2
1.2. Types of constructional materials………………………………………………………2
1.2.1. Bidim Geotextile (Geofabric)……………………………………………………………2
1.2.1.1. Functions and uses…………………………………………………………………………2
1.2.2. Concrete Canvas (CC)……………………………………………………………………..4
1.2.2.1 Type and thickness…………………………………………………………………………5
1.2.2.2. Uses………………………………………………………………………………………………5
1.2.2.3. Functions………………………………………………………………………………………5
1.2.2.4. Properties………………………………………………………………………………….....5
1.2.3. SuperCor and Multiplate…………………………………………………………………6
1.2.3.1 Uses………………………………………………………………………………………………..6
1.2.3.2. Properties………………………………………………………………………………………6
1.2.3.3. Advantages…………………………………………………………………………………….6
1.2.3.4. Specifications………………………………………………………………………………..7
1.2.3.5. Arch details……………………………………………………………………………………7
1.2.4. Gabions……………………………………………………………………………………………8
1.2.4.1. Uses……………………………………………………………………………………………….8
1.2.4.2. Installations and Assembly…………………………………………………………..8
1.2.5. Corrugated Nestable Pipes……………………………………………………………..10
1.2.5.1 Uses……………………………………………………………………………………………….11
1.2.5.2. Installation and Assembly……………………………………………………………11

2. Department of works (Road regrading)

2.1. Procedure of Contract……………………………………………………………………….12
2.2. Constructional Chart………………………………………………………………………..13
2.3. Regrading Thickness…………………………………………………………………….….13
2.3.1. Subgrade Replacement……………………………………………………………….….14
2.4. Machinery and Equipment………………………………………………………….…..14
2.5. Specifications and Inspection………………………………………………….…….…14
2.6. Road Design…………………………………………………………………………………….14
2.7. Deteriorate Road……………………………………………………………………………..15
2.8. Pavement Design…………………………………………………………………………….15
2.9. Pavement Thickness………………………………………………………………………..15
Conclusion……………………………………………………………………………………….16

PAGE 1
INTRODUCTION
In this report is based on the two field trip, on 16-17 of August 2018, we the 2nd year student of
Telue Engineering Institute had visited these two sites:
1. Markham Culvert Ware House
2. Department of Works (Road regrading at University of Technology Gate to Bumayong)

These two sites symbolize the field area of the Civil Engineering, Markham Culverts produced
and supply Civil Engineering Materials for Mining, Building and Road Constructions. The
Materials such as Bidim Geotextile (Gap Fabrics or Geofabric), Concrete canvas, Gabions, Armco
Rails etc… for designing of Culverts, Drainages, Bridges, Roads etc.

While the Department of Works are giving out tender notice of contract to the construction
company whose are economically meet the specification and requirement of specific contract.
And also managing and supervising the construction company on the construction site to make
sure that the construction company meet the required standard as proposed.

1. MARKHAM CULVERT
1.1. SAFETY ON PRODUCTION SITE
Safety is very important in the production area or factory and also outside in the Ware House
and in the premises, all workers are required to wear Safety Boot, Helmet, Hand Glove etc… at
all time, for their own protection by their surroundings, in order for preventing accident that can
happen anytime, anywhere.

1.2. TYPES OF CONSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS

1.2.1. Bidim Geotextile (Geofabric)
Bidim Geotextile is a fabric designed to maintain the embankment stability, and it comes in
variety of sizes, size ranges from A12, A14, A19, A24, A29, A34, A39, A44, A49 and A64. See
table below. (figure 1)

1.2.1.1. Function and Uses

Used in Mining, Road Construction embankment, Trench or Drainage System and also in the
Building Foundation. See figure 2.
 Used for separation
 Used for protection
 Used for filtration
 Used for Drainage

PAGE 2
Figure 1Table: Different types of Bidim Geotextile and their Characteristics

PAGE 3
Figure 2: Functions and uses of Bidim Geotexile

1.2.2. Concrete Canvas (CC)

Concrete Canvas is a flexible, concrete impregnated fabric that hardens when hydrated to form
a thin, durable, water proof and fire resistance layer.

PAGE 4
 1.2.2.1. Type and Thicknesses
Concrete Canvas(CC) is available in following thicknesses and roll format
CC Thickness Roll Dry Batched Batched Bulk Roll Bulk
Type (mm) Width Weight Roll Roll Coverage Roll
(mm) (kg/sqm) coverage Length (sqm) length
(sqm) (m) (m)
CC5 5 1.0 7 10 10 200 200
CC8 8 1.1 12 5 4.55 125 114
CC13 13 1.1 19 N/A N/A 80 73

1.1.2.2. Uses in the following areas

I. Road
II. Rail
III. Agro
IV. Power
V. Petroleum
VI. Mining
VII. Design
VIII. Technology

1.2.2.3. Function
I. Slope Stabilization
II. Culvert Lining
III. Outfall Lining
IV. Slope Protection
V. Ditch Lining
VI. Bund Lining
VII. Concrete Remediation
VIII. Gabion Protection
IX. Mining Vent Walls
X. Weed Suppression

1.2.2.4. Properties
I. Water Permeability
II. Durability
III. Environmental
IV. Fire
V. Chemical

PAGE 5
 1.2.3. Super Cor, and Multiplate
Super Cor is the larger annular corrugation (381mm Pitch and 140mm Depth) provide nine times
the stiffness of convectional structural plate. The sensible, economical choice for used.
Multiplate is the curved and corrugated hot dip galvanized Steel (or Aluminum) plates (3mm to
8mm thick) bolted together at site.

1.2.3.1. Uses of Super Cor and Multiplate

 Bridges - Short and long span bridges
- Box culvert
- Grade operations
- Vehicle and Railway underpasses
- Stream enclosures/crossings
 Underground storage
 Storage magazines
 Fauna underpasses
 Mine portals - Heavy haul road arches
- Stockpile tunnels
- Escape tunnels
- Rail underpasses
- portals

1.2.3.2. Properties
I. Strong
II. Durable
III. Versatile
IV. Environmentally – responsible
V. Maintenance – free
VI. Aesthetically – pleasing

1.2.3.3. Advantages
 Lightweight
 Fast and easy to Assemble
 Easy to Install
 Minimum Equipment require
 Economically Low Cost

PAGE 6
 1.2.3.4. Specifications
Wall Thickness Tangent
Specified Uncoated Area Length Angle (∆) Moment Section Radius of
2
(mm) (T) (mm) (mm /mm) (TL) (Degrees) of Areas Modulus Gyration
(mm) (mm4/mm) (mm3/mm) (mm)

3.5 3.42 4.784 110.8 49.75 11710.7 152.72 49.48

4.2 4.18 5.846 109.8 49.89 14332.5 186.05 49.52

4.8 4.67 6.536 109.2 49.99 16037.0 207.54 49.54

5.5 5.45 7.628 108.2 50.13 18740.1 241.38 49.57
6.3 6.23 8.716 107.2 50.28 21441.2 274.87 49.60
7.1 7.01 9.807 106.1 50.43 24124.5 308.24 49.64

8.1 8.00 11.06 104.9 50.62 27259.0 347.00 49.65

1.2.3.5. Arch Details

i. High Profile Arch
ii. Medium Profile Arch
iii. Low Profile Arch
iv. Standard Arch

See the figures bellow:

Figure 3: Super Cor in Mine Sites, used under huge stockpiles

PAGE 7
Figure 4: a and c) Vehicle underpass, and b) Stream enclosure/crossing
a) b) c)

1.2.4. Gabions
Gabions (Reno Mattresses, Terra mesh and Rock fall Netting) are flexible woven wire
heavily galvanised and Plastic Coated mesh boxes, mesh in 50m by 2m rolled. Gabions
dimension 2.7mm, 2m x 1m x 1m box.

1.2.4.1. Uses
 Road Falls
 Support Walls
 Bridge Walls

1.2.4.2. Installation and Assembly

Step 1:
Open and unfold each Gabions on a flat hard surface, lift up the sides, end and
ends and diaphragms into a vertical position to form an open box shape.

PAGE 8
Step 2:
Connect the edges of Gabions and diaphragms by Lacing Wire. Placed the
diaphragm into the vertical position and wire them to the side panels.

Step 3:
Connected together and aligned the Gabions basket, the connection is panel to
panel and basket to basket, before filling with the rocks. The rocks range
between 100mm to 200mm that is 5mm to 250mm.

PAGE 9
 Step 4:
More than one layer, connected the underneath mesh to other filled layer
already laid, and install bracing wire between top and bottom mesh. Closed the
lid down and connected edges, and tied the Lace Wire along the edges tightly.

1.2.5. Corrugated Nestable Pipes

Corrugated Nestable Pipes are made from galvanised steel sheets with corrugations
60mm wide and 13 mm deep, and the thickness vary from 1.6mm to 3.5mm. Comes in
Two separated sheets, A-Sheet and B-Sheet, A- Sheet is a full sheet (610mm length) and B-
sheet is an end closer, a half sheet crown for top only.

PAGE 10
 1.2.5.1. Used
 Drainage System
 Road Drain

1.2.5.2. Installation and Assembly

Step 1:
Starting at the downstream end lay the first A-Sheet, then lay second A-
Sheet overlapping on top and insert the bolt(s). Continued working
upstream until it completed.

Step 2:
Start laying top sheet at upstream end, start with half crown, B-Sheet and
continue laying A- sheet until at lower end, insert bolts and nuts as you
assemble but keep it loose. Lay another B-Sheet at downstream end and
tighten up all the bolts and nuts.

PAGE 11
2. DEPARTMENT OF WORKS (Road Regrading at University of Technology
to Bumayong)

2.1. Procedure of contract

Clients

Government of Papua New Guinea

Consultant

Department of Works

Contractor

JV Investment

Stakeholder

Any private and public businesses that are around the construction site

PAGE 12
2.2. Construction Chart
Construction Chart is the main view of how the construction company bid for
the contract and how contract operated in and within the constructions

Contractor bid Win the

for tender Contract

Pres-Start the Carry out the

general meeting work has been
with the pass in the
consultant and meeting
the clients

2.3. Regrading thickness

 350mm thickness
 400mm up to the Subbase
 1.7mm Subbase already cut

See figure 1: photo below:

PAGE 13
Figure 1: Grader on construction site, Road regrading at Igam Barracks Junction

2.3.1. Subgrade Replacement

Aggregates that is must past 40mm seize size will be used to fill up
the Subgrade.

2.4. Machinery and Equipment

 Roller 20 tonne
 Grader
 20 tonne Dump Truck or loader

2.5. Specification and Inspection

All inspection, testing and check are carry out by the Department of
Works, all specified criteria and specification of design must have specified
in the Road Design Manual by PNG Standards or Australia standards.
1. In every 500m of the road, there are 3 test carry out on the road
a. Field Density Test or PSDT (carried out every 28m, after 28
days of compaction)
b. Slump Test
c. CBR Test

2.6. Road Design

1. Regrading and building up foundation
2. Drainage type

PAGE 14
 i. 7mmx8mm or 9mm
ii. High 450mm
iii. Dimension 4.5mm
3. The design will come from the consultant

3.7. Deteriorate Road

- Do manual measure of road thickness
- Slope 5% and if seal is 3%

3.8. Pavement Design

Things to consider when design
i. Heavy Traffic Volume (140)
ii. Volume of the road
iii. Growth Factor
iv. Soil Characteristics
v. CBR
vi. Weather
vii. Cost Comparison
i. Initial
ii. Life Cycle

3.9. Pavement Thickness

i. 450mm subbase (base course)
ii. 450mm subgrade
iii. 450mm subgrade course

PAGE 15
CONCLUSION
To conclude, there are many different types of high quality constructional
materials produced and supplied by Markham Culverts for designing of Bridges,
Roads, Drainage System and Culverts etc... which is an economically low for the
constructional purposes.

The most common failure that need to be taken into account for consideration in
this road regrading is no proper drainage system, where there is more water in and
on the pavement, which causes crack and fault in the pavement. The Other factor
that also causes regrading is no proper monitoring of roads, monthly to ensure
that maintenance of road must be carry out.

PAGE 16